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单词 speechless
释义

speechlessadj.

/ˈspiːtʃlɪs/
Forms: Also Old English spæcleas, Middle English specheles (Middle English specheless, 1500s spechelesse), 1500s–1600s speech(e)les(se.
Etymology: Old English spǽcléas ( < spǽc speech n.1), = older Flemish spraeckeloos (Dutch sprakeloos), Middle Low German (and Low German) sprâkelôs, Old High German sprâhhalôs (Middle High German sprâche-, German sprachlos).
1.
a. Destitute of, unendowed with, or lacking the faculty of speech; naturally or permanently mute or dumb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > vocal disorders > [adjective] > dumb
speechlessa1000
dumbc1000
deaf and dumb?c1225
mutec1400
tongueless1447
voiceless1535
wordless1648
tongue-tied1707
deaf-dumb1822
deaf-mute1837
utterless1854
unspeakable1888
a1000 Gloss. in Germania (1878) XI. 398/72 Spæclease vel dume, elinguia.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xv. 36 Þanne am I spirit specheles and spiritus þanne ich hatte.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 325/2 Spechelesse, that can nat speke, muet.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxv. 13 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 185 They mouthes, but speachlesse, haue: Eyes sightlesse.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus (1623) iii. ii. 39 Speechlesse complaynet, I will learne thy thought: In thy dumb action, will I be as perfect As begging Hermits in their holy prayers.
1669 W. Holder Elem. Speech 115 He that never hears a word spoken, nor can be told what it signifies, it is no wonder if such an one remain speechless.
1746 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Satires i. iii. 134 When the first Mortals crawling rose to Birth, Speechless and wretched, from their Mother-Earth.
1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 9 He lingered,..through the long burning day Gazed on those speechless shapes.
1889 St. G. Mivart Origin Human Reason 287 Speaking of his hypothetical speechless-man.
b. Of a state or condition: Characterized by the lack of speech.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective] > characterized by lack of speech > of a state or condition
speechless1597
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 166 What is thy sentence but speechlesse death? Which robbes my tongue from breathing natiue breath. View more context for this quotation
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci v. ii. 86 She is as pure as speechless infancy!
2.
a. Unable to speak on account of illness, injury, or extreme exhaustion.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective] > unable to speak
dumbc1000
speechlessc1290
mute?a1439
unlanguaged1654
lock-jawed1798
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 67 Wel longue he lai speche-les þene dethþ forto a-bide.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. iii. 39 Thenne he fyll passynge sore seke, so that thre dayes & thre nyghtes he was specheles.
1484 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 155 Old Henley ys wyddowe hath beyn specheless thys daye & a hallfe.
1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. B4 Some power strike me speechlesse for a time!
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 253 He fell downe in the Market-place, and foam'd at mouth, and was speechlesse . View more context for this quotation
1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses v. 66 Speechless and breathless was he like one dead.
1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives III. 24 He lay a long time speechless.
1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 393 The criminal himself..sank pale, and speechless, into the arms of those nearest.
1857 H. W. Longfellow Santa Filomena vii Slow..The speechless sufferer turns to kiss Her shadow.
figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. v. 52 His Fortunes all lye speechlesse, and his name Is at last gaspe. View more context for this quotation
b. Deprived for the time being of the power of speech through astonishment, fear, or other emotion; temporarily dumb; unable to answer. Also (dialect) as adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective] > unable to speak > temporarily deprived of speech
speechlessc1374
mute1483
elingued?1623
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 370 And specheles thus ben thise ilke tweye, That neither myght a word for sorwe seye.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxii. f. xxxj Howe camyst thou in..and hast not on a weddyng garment? and he was even spechlesse.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 43 Heere with I was daunted, my hear stard, and speechles I stutted.
1608 J. Day Humour out of Breath sig. E1v If speech-bereauing loue will let thee speake, Then speechles man, speake with the tongue of loue.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 894 Speechless he stood and pale, till thus at length First to himself he inward silence broke. View more context for this quotation
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 113. ⁋4 I at last came towards her with such Awe as made me Speechless.
1778 F. Burney Evelina III. xvii. 198 Speechless, motionless myself, I attempted not to stop him.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. viii. 141 An astonished Parlement sits convoked; listens speechless to the speech of d'Espréménil.
1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. xlvi. 128 Acte was almost speechless with surprise.
1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow i. 34 The woman's not speechless dumb. She's not clutterin' at the nipple. She's got the right to please herself.
c. Deprived of speech through excessive drinking. Hence colloquial, dead drunk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > insensibly drunk
dead drunk1599
to drink (a person) dead drunk1609
paralytic1843
sodden1850
paralysed1870
speechless1881
drunk and incapable1883
dead-oh1889
rumdum1891
passed-out1927
out to it1941
trashed1966
wiped1966
1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. vii. 158 Those evenings of riot from which Sir Miles was so often carried home speechless.
3. Refraining from speech; keeping or observing silence; silent. Also, reticent, taciturn.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective]
unspeakinga1382
speechless1390
mutec1400
dumb1406
silenta1425
peaceablec1425
secretc1440
of few wordsa1500
tongue-tied1529
mum1532
closec1540
strait-laced1546
tongue-dumb1556
incommunicable1568
sparing1568
inconversable1577
retentive1599
wordless1604
mumbudget1622
uncommunicable1628
monastica1631
word-bound1644
on (also upon) the reserve1655
strait-mouthed1664
oyster-like1665
incommunicative1670
mumchance1681
speechless1726
taciturnous1727
tongue-tacked1727
monosyllabic1735
silentish1737
untalkative1739
silentious1749
buttoned-up1767
taciturn1771
close as wax1772
untittletattling1779
reticent1825
voiceless1827
say-nothing1838
unremonstrant1841
still1855
unvocal1858
inexpansive186.
short-tongued1864
non-communicating1865
tight-lipped1876
unworded1886
chup1896
tongue-bound1906
shut-mouthed1936
zip-lipped1943
shtum1958
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 85 Thanne is my cause fully schent, For specheles may noman spede.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 325/2 Spechelesse, of fewe wordes, musart.
1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. ii. sig. C4v Bel. Why stands Horatio speecheles all this while? Hor. The lesse I speak, the more I meditate.
a1771 T. Gray tr. Dante in Wks. (1884) I. 159 On my Children's Eyes Speechless my Sight I fix'd.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxvi. 364 A bony and speechless female with a fan.
in extended use.1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 488 A silence in the heauens,..The bold winds speechlesse . View more context for this quotationa1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. i. 67 'Twas very faintly he said Rise: dismist me Thus with his speechlesse hand. View more context for this quotation
4. Not uttered or expressed in speech. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective] > not expressed in speech
speechless1600
wordless1604
tacid1651
voiceless1816
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. i. 164 Sometimes from her eyes I did receaue faire speechlesse messages. View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets viii. sig. B2v [The strings] Whose speechlesse song..Sings this to thee.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 169 For in her youth There is a prone and speechlesse dialect, Such as moue men. View more context for this quotation
5. Of an emotion, etc.: Of such a nature as to deprive one temporarily of the power of speech; characterized by loss of speech.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective] > unable to speak > characterized by loss of speech
speechless1594
unmouthpieced1837
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. M1 Which speechlesse woe of his poore she attendeth, And his vntimelie frenzie thus awaketh. View more context for this quotation
1737 R. Glover Leonidas i. 364 In speechless anguish on the hero's breast She sinks.
1768 T. Gray Descent of Odin in Poems 93 What virgins these, in speechless woe, That bend to earth their solemn brow.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. viii. 272 She gave herself up to speechless joy.
1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lxii. 620 Mr. Dombey nods at the Captain, who shines more and more with speechless gratification.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. v. 101 He surveyed with speechless feeling the small remnant of his Lifeguard of Foot.
6. Marked or characterized by absence of speech; free from, unaccompanied or undisturbed by, speech.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective]
unspeakinga1382
speechless1390
mutec1400
dumb1406
silenta1425
peaceablec1425
secretc1440
of few wordsa1500
tongue-tied1529
mum1532
closec1540
strait-laced1546
tongue-dumb1556
incommunicable1568
sparing1568
inconversable1577
retentive1599
wordless1604
mumbudget1622
uncommunicable1628
monastica1631
word-bound1644
on (also upon) the reserve1655
strait-mouthed1664
oyster-like1665
incommunicative1670
mumchance1681
speechless1726
taciturnous1727
tongue-tacked1727
monosyllabic1735
silentish1737
untalkative1739
silentious1749
buttoned-up1767
taciturn1771
close as wax1772
untittletattling1779
reticent1825
voiceless1827
say-nothing1838
unremonstrant1841
still1855
unvocal1858
inexpansive186.
short-tongued1864
non-communicating1865
tight-lipped1876
unworded1886
chup1896
tongue-bound1906
shut-mouthed1936
zip-lipped1943
shtum1958
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective] > characterized by lack of speech
dumba1538
silent1549
secret1556
wordless1594
mump1599
speechless1726
elinguid1775
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 251 A speechless interval of grief ensues.
1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxxvii. i Her we bewail'd in speechless Groans.
1765 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto iv [Her mother] seeing Matilda fall at her feet with a flood of speechless tears.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna v. liii. 124 As o'er that speechless calm delight and wonder grew.
1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xiv. 189 In the great, mysterious darkness Of the speechless days that shall be!
1874 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David IV. Ps. xciv. 17 He..would have been wrapped in speechless silence.
7. poetic. Incapable of expression in or by speech.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective] > unmentionable
unspeakable1568
unutterable1656
unmentionable1657
speechless1813
indiscussible1893
indiscutable1933
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab v. 65 Stifling the speechless longings of his heart, In unremitting drudgery and care.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna i. xlii. 22 At night, methought in dream A shape of speechless beauty did appear.
1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. iii. 7 As the veil withdrawn 'Twixt the artist's soul and works had left them heirs Of the deep thoughts.

Derivatives

ˈspeechlessly adv. without speech or speaking; silently.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adverb]
in silencea1382
without language?c1450
sub silentio1563
monkishly1595
wordlessly1840
pauciloquently1844
speechlessly1847
taciturnly1847
reticently1859
incommunicativelya1862
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xiv. 116 The placable and soft-hearted Briggs speechlessly pushed out her hand at this appeal.
1857 W. Collins Dead Secret II. v. v. 175 She stood..looking steadfastly, speechlessly, breathlessly, at her blind husband.
1895 W. C. Scully Kafir Stories 126 He glared speechlessly at Kondwana and Senzanga.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.a1000
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