spalen.²

Brit.

/speɪl/, U.S.

/speɪl/, Scottish English

/spel/

Forms: Middle English–1500s, 1800s spale, Middle English–1500s, 1700s–1800s spail, 1500s spaile, spaill, 1700s–1800s speal, 1800s northern spial, spyel.

Etymology: Of uncertain origin: compare spall n.¹ and speel n.¹There is resemblance in form to Old Norse spal-, spǫlr bar, rod, short piece, Middle High German (and German dialect) spale rung of a ladder, German dialect spale, spal wooden spit, wedge; but real connection with these is doubtful.

Scottish and northern.

a. A splinter or chip, a thin piece or strip, of wood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [noun] > long narrow piece > cut or split off

spoonc725

spillc1300

sliverc1374

splinter1398

sprotea1400

speelc1440

spelkc1440

splinderc1440

spilderc1475

spalea1500

spelcha1605

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > shaving or chip

chipa1393

sprotea1400

chipping?c1400

spallc1440

clipping1461

spalea1500

chiplet1873

paint chip1891

a1500 Ratis Raving 57 With stikis, and with spalys small, To byge vp chalmer, spens & hall.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bv^v The spalis and the sparkis spedely out sprang.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cv Half ane span at ane spail..He hewit attanis.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 283 Quhill speris brak, and all in spalis sprang Aboue thair heid.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Bii/1 A Spale, chip, assula.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 161 The king of France was ewill hurt in the face witht the spaill of ane speir.

1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. at Spalis We use..speals for chips of wood, or small splinters.

1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 96 Speals, chips, or small split sticks.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 255 But smash them! crush them a' to spails!

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 472 This multiplication of tools becomes unnecessary, by laying against the cutting part of the bit, slips of wood, called spales.

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 14 The poor Friendship lies in spales on the bar of Findhorn.

1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. xiv. 105 The floor was covered with shavings, or spales, as they are called by northern consent.

b. In proverbial phrases.

ΚΠ

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 654 To huif ouir hie, Quhill that the spaill fell into thair ee.

1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 170 To lait I knaw quha hewes to hie, The spiell sall fall into his eye.

a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. C He that hewes over hie, the spaill will fall into his eye.

1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 88 He's no the best wright that casts maist spails.

1894 P. H. Hunter James Inwick iv. 48 Hew abüne your heid, an' ye'll get a spale in your ee.

2. transferred. (See quot. 1824.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun] > light appearing over corpse > light as omen of death > curl of tallow

spale1824

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > made from animal fat > by dipping in tallow > curl of tallow on a candle

spale1824

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 432 Spales o' the cannle, little curls of tallow, which sometimes appear on a burning candle.

1897 C. J. G. Rampini Hist. Moray & Nairn vi. 333 A ‘spale’ or ‘waste’ on a burning candle indicates an approaching death.

3. attributive, as spale-basket, spale-board, spale-box.

ΚΠ

1830 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianæ l, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 927 Has the dowg swallowed the spale-box o' pills?

1857 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 316 In a little oval spale-box.

1877 G. Fraser Wigtown 304 To..have nothing but a bit of a spale-boord between him an' etarnity.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Spyel-basket, a basket made of wooden spails, oak preferred, for carrying food to cattle on a farm.

Draft additions 1993

c. Basket-making. A thin strip of wood woven to form the cross-slat of a wooden basket; such strips collectively. Also elliptical for spale-basket at sense 3.The elliptical use is noted in S.N.D. as having been recorded from Ayrshire in 1928.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > basket > [noun] > made of strips of wood

swill1395

wash-basket1881

chip1922

spelk1949

spale1959

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > strip of wood > for making baskets

chip1854

spale1959

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > strip of wood > for making baskets > collectively

spale1959

1959 D. Wright Baskets & Basketry vi. 136 Spale: thin strips of wood such as oak or chestnut woven into a basket; sometimes used as stakes or sticks with other materials as weaving.

1959 D. Wright Baskets & Basketry iii. 79 The Italians in particular are alive to the possibilities of using traditional spale and willow shapes in new ways.

1964 H. Hodges Artifacts x. 146 Cleft larger timbers were also used for basket-making..clefts (spelks, spales, swills, laths)..have been split radially from the timber.

1966 3rd Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVIII. ii. xvi. 145 The broader and thicker strips of oak that went from side to side of the basket were called ‘spales’.

1972 Daily Tel. 5 Aug. 9/4 In the small workshop alongside his cottage he showed me how the spales (baskets) are made.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	spale
释义	† spalen.¹ Etymology: Old English spala substitute: see spele v.¹ Obsolete. rare. Sparing; respite or rest. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > (a) respite spalea1250 lithec1300 respitec1330 sabbath1398 vacationc1425 respetta1450 respectc1450 repose?1549 intermission1576 bait1580 sob1593 respiration1611 vacation1614 suspension1645 relaxation1728 relax1733 a1250 Owl & Nightingale 258 Þu mihtest bet hote galegale, Vor þu hauest to monye tale. Let þine tunge habbe spale. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). spalen.² Brit. /speɪl/, U.S. /speɪl/, Scottish English /spel/ Forms: Middle English–1500s, 1800s spale, Middle English–1500s, 1700s–1800s spail, 1500s spaile, spaill, 1700s–1800s speal, 1800s northern spial, spyel. Etymology: Of uncertain origin: compare spall n.¹ and speel n.¹There is resemblance in form to Old Norse spal-, spǫlr bar, rod, short piece, Middle High German (and German dialect) spale rung of a ladder, German dialect spale, spal wooden spit, wedge; but real connection with these is doubtful. Scottish and northern. 1. a. A splinter or chip, a thin piece or strip, of wood. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [noun] > long narrow piece > cut or split off spoonc725 spillc1300 sliverc1374 splinter1398 sprotea1400 speelc1440 spelkc1440 splinderc1440 spilderc1475 spalea1500 spelcha1605 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > shaving or chip chipa1393 sprotea1400 chipping?c1400 spallc1440 clipping1461 spalea1500 chiplet1873 paint chip1891 a1500 Ratis Raving 57 With stikis, and with spalys small, To byge vp chalmer, spens & hall. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bv^v The spalis and the sparkis spedely out sprang. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cv Half ane span at ane spail..He hewit attanis. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 283 Quhill speris brak, and all in spalis sprang Aboue thair heid. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Bii/1 A Spale, chip, assula. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 161 The king of France was ewill hurt in the face witht the spaill of ane speir. 1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. at Spalis We use..speals for chips of wood, or small splinters. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 96 Speals, chips, or small split sticks. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 255 But smash them! crush them a' to spails! 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 472 This multiplication of tools becomes unnecessary, by laying against the cutting part of the bit, slips of wood, called spales. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 14 The poor Friendship lies in spales on the bar of Findhorn. 1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. xiv. 105 The floor was covered with shavings, or spales, as they are called by northern consent. b. In proverbial phrases. ΚΠ 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 654 To huif ouir hie, Quhill that the spaill fell into thair ee. 1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 170 To lait I knaw quha hewes to hie, The spiell sall fall into his eye. a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. C He that hewes over hie, the spaill will fall into his eye. 1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 88 He's no the best wright that casts maist spails. 1894 P. H. Hunter James Inwick iv. 48 Hew abüne your heid, an' ye'll get a spale in your ee. 2. transferred. (See quot. 1824.) ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun] > light appearing over corpse > light as omen of death > curl of tallow spale1824 the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > made from animal fat > by dipping in tallow > curl of tallow on a candle spale1824 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 432 Spales o' the cannle, little curls of tallow, which sometimes appear on a burning candle. 1897 C. J. G. Rampini Hist. Moray & Nairn vi. 333 A ‘spale’ or ‘waste’ on a burning candle indicates an approaching death. 3. attributive, as spale-basket, spale-board, spale-box. ΚΠ 1830 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianæ l, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 927 Has the dowg swallowed the spale-box o' pills? 1857 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 316 In a little oval spale-box. 1877 G. Fraser Wigtown 304 To..have nothing but a bit of a spale-boord between him an' etarnity. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Spyel-basket, a basket made of wooden spails, oak preferred, for carrying food to cattle on a farm. Draft additions 1993 c. Basket-making. A thin strip of wood woven to form the cross-slat of a wooden basket; such strips collectively. Also elliptical for spale-basket at sense 3.The elliptical use is noted in S.N.D. as having been recorded from Ayrshire in 1928. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > basket > [noun] > made of strips of wood swill1395 wash-basket1881 chip1922 spelk1949 spale1959 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > strip of wood > for making baskets chip1854 spale1959 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > strip of wood > for making baskets > collectively spale1959 1959 D. Wright Baskets & Basketry vi. 136 Spale: thin strips of wood such as oak or chestnut woven into a basket; sometimes used as stakes or sticks with other materials as weaving. 1959 D. Wright Baskets & Basketry iii. 79 The Italians in particular are alive to the possibilities of using traditional spale and willow shapes in new ways. 1964 H. Hodges Artifacts x. 146 Cleft larger timbers were also used for basket-making..clefts (spelks, spales, swills, laths)..have been split radially from the timber. 1966 3rd Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVIII. ii. xvi. 145 The broader and thicker strips of oak that went from side to side of the basket were called ‘spales’. 1972 Daily Tel. 5 Aug. 9/4 In the small workshop alongside his cottage he showed me how the spales (baskets) are made. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spalen.³ Etymology: Compare spall n.³ (See quot. 1867 and cross-spall n.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > deck or hold beams transom1545 beam1627 wing-transom1711 stool1797 hold-beam1801 breast beam1805 skid beam1846 beak-head-beam1850 cat-beam1850 deck-beam1858 main-transom1867 spale1867 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Spales, in naval architecture, internal strengthening by cross artificial beams. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2018). spalev. /speɪl/ Etymology: Of obscure origin. Cornish dialect. transitive. To fine for absence, lateness, or breach of rules. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] > for breach of rules spale1854 1854 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 10 419/2 Spile, which miners pronounce spaël; to inflict a fine or penalty for late attendance at work. 1865 R. Hunt Pop. Romances W. Eng. 2nd Ser. 125 It isn't worth while to be spaled for any such foolishness. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.¹a1250n.²a1500n.³1867v.1854
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† spalen.1

spalen.2

Draft additions 1993

spalen.3

spalev.

† spalen.¹

spalen.²

spalen.³