soul forcen.

Brit.

/ˈsəʊl fɔːs/, U.S.

/ˈsoʊl ˌfɔrs/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: soul n., force n.¹

Etymology: < soul n. + force n.¹ In sense 2 after modern Sanskrit ātmabala (apparently coined by M. K. Gandhi 1909, in a Gujarati context in the source translated in quot. 1910) < ātman soul, principle of life (see atman n.) + bala strength, force (ultimately < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin dēbilis weak).In sense 2, soul-force is also often used by Gandhi as an English equivalent to modern Sanskrit satyāgraha , lit. ‘truth-persistence’ (1908 in a Gujarati context, or earlier: see satyagraha n.), sometimes contrasted with brute force . Gandhi also occasionally used the more literal English translation truth-force (compare quot. 1914 at sense 2). Gandhi attributes the term to L. Tolstoy (compare quot. 1914), but a corresponding Russian compound has not been traced either in Tolstoy's major religious works or in his correspondence with Gandhi. Compare, however, Russian sila istiny, lit. ‘power of truth’, duxovnaja sila, lit. ‘spiritual force’, and similar established phrases also used by Tolstoy, e.g. in the passages translated here:1894 C. Garnett tr. L. Tolstoy Kingdom of God 236 The Use of Violence Leads Men to Distrust the Spiritual Force which is the only Only Force by which they Advance.1896 J. C. Kenworthy tr. L. Tolstoy Patriotism & Christianity 53 All this apparently terrible organisation of brute force is as nothing compared to the conciousness [sic] of truth, which surges in the soul of one man who knows the power of truth.

1. Spiritual energy; a vital force conceived of as constituting, residing in, or emanating from the soul.

ΚΠ

1847 tr. J. A. Unzer in Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 24 186 This animal soul-force [Ger. thierische Seelenkraft] is peculiar to the brain, and is the property of no other animal machines.

1873 Times 1 Jan. 11 The force whose existence had been thus proved to us was the vital force, or nerve force, or soul force,..which..gives its power to the living body.

1923 St. Andrew's Cross Feb. 144/3 You will live and pulse in rhythm with the soul-forces of other worlds.

1961 Numen 8 150 When a man died his soul-force returned with his corpse to the grave, and as the corpse slowly disintegrated the spirit gradually lost its..personal characteristics.

2005 D. A. Durham Pride of Carthage (2006) 332 These blood wounds must have drained his soul force terribly, but to her eyes none seemed fatal.

2. Spiritual rather than physical force; passive resistance; = satyagraha n. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > intractability or recalcitrance > passive resistance

passive resistance1715

soul force1910

satyagraha1919

1910 M. K. Gandhi Hind Swaraj (2010) xvii. 74 Soul-force, being natural, is not noted in history.

1914 M. K. Gandhi in Souvenir Passive Resistance Movement S. Afr. 1906–14 9/1 Its [satyagraha's] equivalent in the vernacular, rendered into English, means Truth-Force. I think Tolstoy called it also Soul-Force or Love-Force, and so it is.

1919 Fortn. Rev. July 136 Those who have taken the vow..are expected to refrain from violence, electing rather to suffer, and so accumulate ‘soul force’.

1920 Times 23 Dec. 11 Mr. Gandhi..condemns violence... He prefers to rely—for the present—on Indian ‘soul force’.

1969 It 4 July 10/4 With soul force we'll look to the needs of our brother In a world that's our universal home.

1977 Arab Times 14 Dec. 2/5 ‘The voice of women..is a special soul-force in the struggle for a non-violent world,’ the 36-year-old pacifist leader from strife-torn Northern Ireland declared.

1993 H. Gardner Creating Minds ix. 333 If I do not obey the law and accept the penalty for its breach, I use soul force. It involves sacrifice of self.

2002 T. Pinchuck et al. Rough Guide S. Afr. (ed. 3) 597 Gandhi began to see practical applications for his concept of Satyagraha, soul force, or passive resistance, as a means of defying immoral state oppression.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	soul force
释义	soul forcen. Brit. /ˈsəʊl fɔːs/, U.S. /ˈsoʊl ˌfɔrs/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: soul n., force n.¹ Etymology: < soul n. + force n.¹ In sense 2 after modern Sanskrit ātmabala (apparently coined by M. K. Gandhi 1909, in a Gujarati context in the source translated in quot. 1910) < ātman soul, principle of life (see atman n.) + bala strength, force (ultimately < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin dēbilis weak).In sense 2, soul-force is also often used by Gandhi as an English equivalent to modern Sanskrit satyāgraha , lit. ‘truth-persistence’ (1908 in a Gujarati context, or earlier: see satyagraha n.), sometimes contrasted with brute force . Gandhi also occasionally used the more literal English translation truth-force (compare quot. 1914 at sense 2). Gandhi attributes the term to L. Tolstoy (compare quot. 1914), but a corresponding Russian compound has not been traced either in Tolstoy's major religious works or in his correspondence with Gandhi. Compare, however, Russian sila istiny, lit. ‘power of truth’, duxovnaja sila, lit. ‘spiritual force’, and similar established phrases also used by Tolstoy, e.g. in the passages translated here:1894 C. Garnett tr. L. Tolstoy Kingdom of God 236 The Use of Violence Leads Men to Distrust the Spiritual Force which is the only Only Force by which they Advance.1896 J. C. Kenworthy tr. L. Tolstoy Patriotism & Christianity 53 All this apparently terrible organisation of brute force is as nothing compared to the conciousness [sic] of truth, which surges in the soul of one man who knows the power of truth. 1. Spiritual energy; a vital force conceived of as constituting, residing in, or emanating from the soul. ΚΠ 1847 tr. J. A. Unzer in Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 24 186 This animal soul-force [Ger. thierische Seelenkraft] is peculiar to the brain, and is the property of no other animal machines. 1873 Times 1 Jan. 11 The force whose existence had been thus proved to us was the vital force, or nerve force, or soul force,..which..gives its power to the living body. 1923 St. Andrew's Cross Feb. 144/3 You will live and pulse in rhythm with the soul-forces of other worlds. 1961 Numen 8 150 When a man died his soul-force returned with his corpse to the grave, and as the corpse slowly disintegrated the spirit gradually lost its..personal characteristics. 2005 D. A. Durham Pride of Carthage (2006) 332 These blood wounds must have drained his soul force terribly, but to her eyes none seemed fatal. 2. Spiritual rather than physical force; passive resistance; = satyagraha n. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > intractability or recalcitrance > passive resistance passive resistance1715 soul force1910 satyagraha1919 1910 M. K. Gandhi Hind Swaraj (2010) xvii. 74 Soul-force, being natural, is not noted in history. 1914 M. K. Gandhi in Souvenir Passive Resistance Movement S. Afr. 1906–14 9/1 Its [satyagraha's] equivalent in the vernacular, rendered into English, means Truth-Force. I think Tolstoy called it also Soul-Force or Love-Force, and so it is. 1919 Fortn. Rev. July 136 Those who have taken the vow..are expected to refrain from violence, electing rather to suffer, and so accumulate ‘soul force’. 1920 Times 23 Dec. 11 Mr. Gandhi..condemns violence... He prefers to rely—for the present—on Indian ‘soul force’. 1969 It 4 July 10/4 With soul force we'll look to the needs of our brother In a world that's our universal home. 1977 Arab Times 14 Dec. 2/5 ‘The voice of women..is a special soul-force in the struggle for a non-violent world,’ the 36-year-old pacifist leader from strife-torn Northern Ireland declared. 1993 H. Gardner Creating Minds ix. 333 If I do not obey the law and accept the penalty for its breach, I use soul force. It involves sacrifice of self. 2002 T. Pinchuck et al. Rough Guide S. Afr. (ed. 3) 597 Gandhi began to see practical applications for his concept of Satyagraha, soul force, or passive resistance, as a means of defying immoral state oppression. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1847
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