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单词 sombre
释义

sombresomberadj.n.

Brit. /ˈsɒmbə/, U.S. /ˈsɑmbər/
Etymology: < French sombre, of uncertain origin: compare Spanish sombrio , Portuguese sombrio , < sombra shade. See also sombrous adj.
A. adj.
1. Of inanimate natural objects and their attributes: Characterized by the presence of gloom or shadow; depressingly dark, dusky, or obscure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [adjective]
duneOE
thestera900
thestria900
wana1000
darkfulOE
fadec1290
obscurousa1492
black-faced1562
murkyc1590
gloomy1594
tenebrous1599
solemn1604
overcast1616
mungy1632
shady1746
sombrous1754
sombre1760
gloomyish1821
gloomfula1849
ebonine1881
1760 H. Walpole Lett. (1845) IV. 85 Painted ceilings, inlaid floors, and unpainted wainscots make every room sombre.
1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Spain & Portugal cxxxii This city..had a sombre and poor appearance.
1789 A. Young Jrnl. 12 Sept. in Trav. France (1792) i. 184 This coast..dark, gloomy, and silent;—a savage sombre air spread over the whole.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 295 The first shoot..of the yet unbroken stream, and the deep and sombre abyss into which it was emptied.
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xv. §674 The sombre skies and changeable weather of our latitudes.
1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. vi. 147 The dining-room was sombre and substantial.
2.
a. Of persons, their appearance, etc.: Gloomy, lowering, dark and sullen or dejected.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective]
ungladc888
wearyc888
drearyc1000
dreary-moodOE
heavyc1000
unmerryOE
droopy?c1225
mournc1275
sada1300
languishinga1325
amayedc1330
matec1330
unlightc1330
unblissful1340
lowa1382
mishappyc1390
dullc1393
elengely1393
droopinga1400
heavy-hearteda1400
joylessa1400
sytefula1400
mornifc1400
tristy?c1400
lightless?1406
heartlessa1413
tristc1420
amatec1425
languoring?c1425
mirthlessc1430
heavisome1435
darkc1440
gloomingc1440
comfortlessc1460
amateda1470
chermatc1475
tristfula1492
lustless?1507
dolorous1513
ruthful1513
downcast1521
deject1528
heartsicka1529
lumpisha1535
coolc1540
dowlyc1540
glum1547
discouraged1548
uncheerfulc1555
dumpish1560
out of heart1565
sadded1566
amoped1573
tristive1578
desolated1580
dejected1581
à la mort1586
delightless1589
afflicted1590
gladless1590
groanful1590
gloomya1593
muddy1592
sitheful1592
cloudy1594
leaden-hearted1596
disconsolated1598
clum1599
life-weary1599
spiritless1600
dusky1602
chop-fallen1604
flat1604
disanimated1605
jaw-fallen1605
moped1606
chap-fallen1608
decheerful1608
uncheerful1612
lacklustrea1616
pulled1616
dumpya1618
depressed1621
head-hung1632
grum1640
downa1644
dispirited1647
down-at-mouth1649
down in (rarely of) the mouth1649
unhearted1650
sunlessa1658
sadful1658
unlightened1659
chagrin1665
saddened1665
damp1667
moping1674
desponding1688
tristitious1694
unenjoying1697
unraised1697
unheartya1699
unked1698
despondent1699
dismal1705
unjoyful1709
unrejoiced1714
dreara1717
disheartened1720
mumpish1721
unrejoicing1726
downhearted1742
out of spirits1745
chagrineda1754
low-spirited1753
sombrea1767
black-blooded1771
glumpy1780
oorie1787
sombrous1789
morose1791
Novemberish1793
glumpish1800
mopeful1800
die-away1802
blue-devilish1804
blue-devilled1807
malagrugrous1818
down in the hip1826
yonderly1828
sunshineless1831
downfaced1832
broody1851
in a (or the) trough1856
blue-devilly1871
drooped1873
glummy1884
pippy1886
humpy1889
pipped1914
lousy1933
pissed1943
crappy1956
doomy1961
bummed1970
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > [adjective]
moodyc1300
distemprec1374
melancholiana1393
solein1399
darkc1440
gloomingc1440
girning1447
melancholyc1450
tetrical1528
tetric1533
distemperate1548
morose1565
sullen1570
stunt1581
humorous1590
gloomya1593
muddy1592
clum1599
dortya1605
humoursome1607
distempereda1616
musty1620
grum1640
agelastic1666
fusty1668
purdy1668
ill-humoured1693
gurly1721
mumpish1721
sunking1724
tetricous1727
sumphish1728
stunkard1737
sulky1744
muggard1746
farouche1765
sombrea1767
glumpy1780
glumpish1800
tiffy1810
splenitive1815
stuffy1825
liverish1828
troglodytish1866
glummy1884
humpy1889
scowly1951
a1767 J. Grainger Ode Solitude 52 Late in Hagley you were seen, With blood-shed eyes, and sombre mien.
1823 Ld. Byron Island iii. vi. 53 Till lifting up again his sombre eye, It glanced on Torquil.
1865 S. Baring-Gould Bk. Were-wolves vi. 75 The man..was a sombre ill-looking fellow.
b. Of thoughts, feelings, etc.: Melancholy, dismal, darksome.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > of the heart or spirits
leadya1536
sunk1601
sunken1642
sombrous1751
sombre1821
1821 J. Baillie Ghost Fadon in Metrical Legends xxii All Remain'd in sombre mood.
1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 390 The entire shore is lined with dilapidated edifices, which would, under other circumstances, have awakened sombre reflections.
1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) xii. 297 No doubt it cast a gleam of sombre hope upon his confinement.
3. Conveying gloomy ideas or suggestions.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing
darkOE
unmerryOE
deathlyc1225
dolefulc1275
elengec1275
dreicha1300
coolc1350
cloudyc1374
sada1375
colda1400
deadlya1400
joylessc1400
unjoyful?c1400
disconsolatea1413
mournfula1425
funeralc1425
uncheerfulc1449
dolent1489
dolesome1533
heavy-hearted1555
glum1558
ungladsome1558
black1562
pleasureless1567
dern1570
plaintive?1570
glummish1573
cheerless1575
comfortless1576
wintry1579
glummy1580
funebral1581
discouraging1584
dernful?1591
murk1596
recomfortless1596
sullen1597
amating1600
lugubrious1601
dusky1602
sable1603
funebrial1604
damping1607
mortifying1611
tearful?1611
uncouth1611
dulsome1613
luctual1613
dismal1617
winterous1617
unked1620
mopish1621
godforsaken?1623
uncheerly1627
funebrious1630
lugubrous1632
drearisome1633
unheartsome1637
feral1641
drear1645
darksome1649
sadding1649
saddening1650
disheartening1654
funebrous1654
luctiferous1656
mestifical1656
tristifical1656
sooty1657
dreary1667
tenebrose1677
clouded1682
tragicala1700
funereal1707
gloomy1710
sepulchrala1711
dumpishc1717
bleaka1719
depressive1727
lugubre1727
muzzy1728
dispiriting1733
uncheery1760
unconsolatory1760
unjolly1764
Decemberly1765
sombre1768
uncouthie1768
depressing1772
unmirthful1782
sombrous1789
disanimating1791
Decemberish1793
grey1794
uncheering1796
ungenial1796
uncomforting1798
disencouraginga1806
stern1812
chilling1815
uncheered1817
dejecting1818
mopey1821
desponding1828
wisht1829
leadening1835
unsportful1837
demoralizing1840
Novemberish1840
frigid1844
morne1844
tragic1848
wet-blanketty1848
morgue1850
ungladdeneda1851
adusk1856
smileless1858
soul-sick1858
Novemberya1864
saturnine1863
down1873
lacklustre1883
Heaven-abandoneda1907
downbeat1952
doomy1967
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 23 Beshrew the sombre pencil! said I vauntingly.
a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1878) x. 334 Sombre as the poem at first appears, it works its way on to happy hopes.
1876 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 2nd Ser. vi. 274 Such sketches are a pleasant relief to his more sombre portraiture.
4.
a. Of colours or colouring: Of a dark shade or tinge; dark, dull.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > dull
fadec1290
wannish?a1412
obscure1490
sada1539
dull1552
smoky1576
sober1603
dead1640
dirty1665
invivid1669
dusty1676
saddisha1678
austere1680
worn-out1731
sombrous1792
sombre1805
toneless1833
lacklustre1843
1805 Wilkes Mem. II. 175 The olive-tree..is a sombre brown, when one expects a green.
1835 J. Duncan Nat. Hist. Beetles (Naturalist's Libr.: Entomol. II) 186 Those [insects] that derive their nourishment from decomposed vegetables are usually of a sombre hue.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxii. 577 Ecclesiastics and persons of gravity affected sombre colours.
b. Of things in respect of colour. (Cf. A. 1.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > dark-coloured
darkeOE
blackeOE
browna1000
swartOE
wanOE
murka1325
darkish?c1425
duska1450
dusketly1486
sad?1504
duskish1530
base1539
dusky1558
swarthy1577
darksome1598
smutty1648
subfusc?1705
infuscated1727
murky1759
subfuscous1762
sable1791
sombrous1799
obfuscous1822
sombre1829
wine-dark1855
murkish1869
1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VIII. 315 Sombre Plover, Charadrius Fuscus.
1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 333 The chloride of silver..becomes of a deep slate colour in the violet, and in the sombre space beyond it.
1851 G. Brimley Ess. (1858) ii. 161 He had originally a fine sombre complexion.
1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 152 A sombre garb was worn by the nuns, and coarse cowls by the friars.
B. n.
Sombre character; sombreness. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > gloomy quality
drear1563
dreariment1579
drearihead1591
cloudinessa1600
dismalness1620
dolesomeness1625
cheerlessnessa1631
joylessnessa1631
drearihood1647
clouding1654
dismality1723
dreariness1727
mirthlessness1727
sombre1795
undelighta1822
sombreness1847
sombrousness1847
unhomelikeness1858
drearness1861
comfortlessness1865
unhomeliness1879
1795 H. M. Williams Lett. France I. 164 Fonfrede and Ducos relieved the sombre of the piece by the habitual liveliness of their characters.
1811 Henry & Isabella I. 285 A deep sombre spread itself over every thing.

Compounds

sombre-clad, sombre-coloured, sombre-minded, sombre-looking adjs.
ΚΠ
1850 T. T. Lynch Memorials Theophilus Trinal v. 85 Dissatisfied, querulous, sombre-minded persons.
1872 H. I. Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lake District 310 A wild and sombre-looking mass of rocks and precipices.
1889 S. J. Hickson Naturalist in N. Celebes 214 The pious and sombre-clad Christian natives.
1899 J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris II. 191 The vast sombre-coloured crowd.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

sombrev.

Brit. /ˈsɒmbə/, U.S. /ˈsɑmbər/
Etymology: < sombre adj.
1. transitive. To make sombre.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)] > overspread with gloom
overcastc1300
alangec1330
darkena1382
overcloudc1550
overshadow?1602
clouda1616
benighta1631
un-sunshine1659
gloom1745
sombre1787
1787 A. Hilditch Rosa de Montmorien II. 52 Life, like..the iris bow, is beheld glowing in vivid charms, or sombred by gloom.
1807 Sir R. Wilson in Life Gen. R. Wilson (1862) II. vii. 208 Our entertainment was somewhat sombred by the intelligence.
1825 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 17 44 The midnight moon Looks sombred o'er the forests.
1873 J. Morley Rousseau I. 315 One..whose imagination, already sombred by the triumphant cruelty and superstition which raged around him, was suddenly struck with horror.
2. intransitive. To become or grow sombre.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > be dark or gloomy [verb (intransitive)] > become dark or gloomy
sombre1848
overcloud1862
shadow1888
1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 15 422 The picture sombred.
1893 Temple Bar Sept. 43 Day again had sombred into night.

Derivatives

ˈsombred adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [adjective] > made dark or gloomy
sullied1571
obumbrated1592
sombred1873
1873 D. Masson Drummond of Hawthornden xx. 453 The russet and the yellow coming in patches amid the doubly sombred green.
ˈsombring adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [adjective] > making dark or gloomy
sombring1849
1849 J. G. Whittier Lakeside 28 This lake..Walled round with sombering pines.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1760v.1787
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