soman.¹

Brit.

/ˈsəʊmə/, U.S.

/ˈsoʊmə/

Forms: Also 1800s som.

Etymology: < Sanskrit sōma, = Avestan haōma , Persian hōm : see hom n.

a. An intoxicating drink holding a prominent place in Vedic ritual and religion.The soma was prepared from the juice of a plant which is commonly supposed to have been Asclepias acida or Sarcostemma viminale (or acidum).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > soma > [noun]

soma1827

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > other alcoholic drinks > [noun] > others

stitch-broth1635

Cherellya1640

rug1653

steel-nose1654

pope's-milka1661

Northdown1670

purl royal1675

sweetsa1679

forty-ninea1713

huggle-my-buff1756

slug1756

gunpowder1765

guarapo1772

peachy1781

all nations1785

anti-fogmatic1789

soma1827

ava1831

native1832

tap1832

stone fence1844

slap-bang1845

Angostura1856

jake1910

tepache1926

pruno1936

muratina1968

makkoli1970

alcopop1996

1827 [see soma plant n. at sense 2].

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 174/2 The soma, when properly prepared, is a powerful spirit.

1869 T. C. Barker Aryan Civilization (1871) i. 3 From the Hindoo he [the fire-god] has the fermented drink called soma.

1872 J. G. Whittier Brewing of Soma iv From tent to tent The Soma's sacred madness went, A storm of drunken joy.

1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 205/2 The soma..must have played an important part in the ancient worship, at least as early as the Indo-Persian period.

attributive.1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 175/1 What else is this act of drinking the soma-juice but a kind of sacrament?1874 L. J. Trotter Hist. India i. i. 4 He [Indra] delights in drinking the sacred soma juice.1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 205 Among the Vaidik rites the soma-sacrifices are the most solemn and complicated.1895 A. Nutt Voy. Bran I. 321 The immortality claimed by the soma devotee.

b. In Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World, a narcotic drug which produces euphoria and hallucination, distributed by the state in order to promote content and social harmony. Also transferred and attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > euphoric drug > legendary or imaginary

nepenthes1580

nepenthe1595

soma1932

1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iii. 66 There is always soma, delicious soma, half a gramme for a half~holiday, a gramme for a week-end, two grammes for a trip to the gorgeous East, three for a dark eternity on the moon.

1932 A. Huxley Brave New World v. 95 The soma had begun to work. Eyes shone, cheeks were flushed, the inner light of universal benevolence broke out on every face in happy, friendly smiles.

1932 A. Huxley Brave New World vi. 107 Bernard swallowed four tablets of soma at a gulp.

1932 A. Huxley Brave New World xv. 246 The two Groups..were served by the Deputy Sub-Bursar with their soma ration.

1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Feb. 105/2 The forecast [in Brave New World] of a pain-killing, pleasure-giving pill called soma, at once the perfect substitute for alcohol, opium and benzedrine, has not yet been wholly fulfilled.

1968 ‘J. le Carré’ Small Town in Germany ix. 155 If I smoked I'd smoke one of your cigars. I could do with a bit of soma just now.

1976 Interdisciplinary Sci. Rev. 1 178/1 Suppose there was national agreement on the need for a ‘good’ psychoactive drug, one which would be as universally used as the ubiquitous soma of Brave New World.

2. soma plant n. the plant yielding the soma-juice. Also elliptical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding intoxicating drink > [noun] > soma plant

soma plant1785

moon-plant1798

hom1855

haoma1890

1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā ix. 80 The followers of the three Vēds, who drink the juice of the Sōm..address me.

1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā ix. 143 Sōm—is the name of a creeper, the juice of which is commanded to be drank at the conclusion of a sacrifice.

1827 Colebrooke in Trans. Royal Asiatic Soc. 1 455 The presenting of expressed juice of the sóma plant.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. at Asclepias The bruised stem and leaves of the Soma plant yield a juice [etc.].

1882 Cornhill Mag. June 720 The soma plant, by which Indra conquers Vritra.

1972 R. G. Wasson Soma ii. 10 My candidate for the identity of soma is Amanita muscaria.., in English the fly-agaric.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

soman.²

Brit.

/ˈsəʊmə/, U.S.

/ˈsoʊmə/

Etymology: < Greek σῶμα body.

Physiology.

1. The body of an organism in contrast to the germ-cells. Also attributive in soma-plasm. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > [noun] > soma

soma1889

1889 tr. A. Weismann Ess. Heredity 122 It is necessary to distinguish between..the body in its narrower sense (soma) and the germ-cells.

1889 tr. A. Weismann Ess. Heredity 154 The perishable and vulnerable nature of the soma.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 259/2 With Weismann, we suppose the germ~plasm to be different in kind from the general soma-plasm.

1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Oct. 966 If the mother be addicted to drink, additional damage may be done to the soma during intra-uterine life.

1914 W. R. Inge Outspoken Ess. (1919) 238 I can see no other fate in store for the soma of Catholicism; the germ-cells of true Christianity live their own life within it.

2. Anatomy. The compact portion of a nerve-cell, excluding the axon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve cell > parts of

axon1842

cell body1851

neuron1893

neurite1894

neuroplasm1894

perikaryon1897

neurofibril1898

axon hillock1899

telodendrion1899

axoplasm1900

neurofibrilla1902

cyton1910

soma1947

neurotubule1948

neurofilament1955

neurode1987

1947 R. Lorente de Nó in Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 29 211 The word ‘soma’ will be used to denote the body and all the dendritic branches of the neuron.

1970 Jrnl. Neurobiol. 1 340 The somas are likely to be the site of protein synthesis.

1974 Nature 8 Nov. 155/1 Studies with a few invertebrate preparations have suggested different ionic mechanisms for spike generation in the soma and axon of the same neurone.

3. The body in contrast to the mind or the soul. Opposed to psyche.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > [noun]

lichamc888

bodyeOE

earthOE

lichOE

bone houseOE

dustc1000

fleshOE

utter mana1050

bonesOE

bodiȝlichc1175

bouka1225

bellyc1275

slimec1315

corpsec1325

vesselc1360

tabernaclec1374

carrion1377

corsec1386

personc1390

claya1400

carcass1406

lump of claya1425

sensuality?a1425

corpusc1440

God's imagea1450

bulka1475

natural body1526

outward man1526

quarrons1567

blood bulk1570

skinfula1592

flesh-rind1593

clod1595

anatomy1597

veil1598

microcosm1601

machine1604

outwall1608

lay part1609

machina1612

cabinet1614

automaton1644

case1655

mud wall1662

structure1671

soul case1683

incarnation1745

personality1748

personage1785

man1830

embodiment1850

flesh-stuff1855

corporeity1865

chassis1930

soma1958

1958 A. Wilson Middle Age of Mrs Eliot i. 72 He says that between Else fussing with his soma and me with his psyche, all he really wants is a complete rest and he wishes he were travelling with you.

1969 Listener 26 June 881/2 A score of youths and girls intent on exploring each other honestly and sincerely in psyche and soma can't help generating some degree of excitement.

1976 Lancet 30 Oct. 946/2 No personal physician, at any time, has been able to operate successfully without using substances, as symbols of healing of the soma and the psyche.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	soma
释义	soman.¹ Brit. /ˈsəʊmə/, U.S. /ˈsoʊmə/ Forms: Also 1800s som. Etymology: < Sanskrit sōma, = Avestan haōma , Persian hōm : see hom n. 1. a. An intoxicating drink holding a prominent place in Vedic ritual and religion.The soma was prepared from the juice of a plant which is commonly supposed to have been Asclepias acida or Sarcostemma viminale (or acidum). ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > soma > [noun] soma1827 the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > other alcoholic drinks > [noun] > others stitch-broth1635 Cherellya1640 rug1653 steel-nose1654 pope's-milka1661 Northdown1670 purl royal1675 sweetsa1679 forty-ninea1713 huggle-my-buff1756 slug1756 gunpowder1765 guarapo1772 peachy1781 all nations1785 anti-fogmatic1789 soma1827 ava1831 native1832 tap1832 stone fence1844 slap-bang1845 Angostura1856 jake1910 tepache1926 pruno1936 muratina1968 makkoli1970 alcopop1996 1827 [see soma plant n. at sense 2]. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 174/2 The soma, when properly prepared, is a powerful spirit. 1869 T. C. Barker Aryan Civilization (1871) i. 3 From the Hindoo he [the fire-god] has the fermented drink called soma. 1872 J. G. Whittier Brewing of Soma iv From tent to tent The Soma's sacred madness went, A storm of drunken joy. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 205/2 The soma..must have played an important part in the ancient worship, at least as early as the Indo-Persian period. attributive.1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 175/1 What else is this act of drinking the soma-juice but a kind of sacrament?1874 L. J. Trotter Hist. India i. i. 4 He [Indra] delights in drinking the sacred soma juice.1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 205 Among the Vaidik rites the soma-sacrifices are the most solemn and complicated.1895 A. Nutt Voy. Bran I. 321 The immortality claimed by the soma devotee. b. In Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World, a narcotic drug which produces euphoria and hallucination, distributed by the state in order to promote content and social harmony. Also transferred and attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > euphoric drug > legendary or imaginary nepenthes1580 nepenthe1595 soma1932 1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iii. 66 There is always soma, delicious soma, half a gramme for a half~holiday, a gramme for a week-end, two grammes for a trip to the gorgeous East, three for a dark eternity on the moon. 1932 A. Huxley Brave New World v. 95 The soma had begun to work. Eyes shone, cheeks were flushed, the inner light of universal benevolence broke out on every face in happy, friendly smiles. 1932 A. Huxley Brave New World vi. 107 Bernard swallowed four tablets of soma at a gulp. 1932 A. Huxley Brave New World xv. 246 The two Groups..were served by the Deputy Sub-Bursar with their soma ration. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Feb. 105/2 The forecast [in Brave New World] of a pain-killing, pleasure-giving pill called soma, at once the perfect substitute for alcohol, opium and benzedrine, has not yet been wholly fulfilled. 1968 ‘J. le Carré’ Small Town in Germany ix. 155 If I smoked I'd smoke one of your cigars. I could do with a bit of soma just now. 1976 Interdisciplinary Sci. Rev. 1 178/1 Suppose there was national agreement on the need for a ‘good’ psychoactive drug, one which would be as universally used as the ubiquitous soma of Brave New World. 2. soma plant n. the plant yielding the soma-juice. Also elliptical. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding intoxicating drink > [noun] > soma plant soma plant1785 moon-plant1798 hom1855 haoma1890 1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā ix. 80 The followers of the three Vēds, who drink the juice of the Sōm..address me. 1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā ix. 143 Sōm—is the name of a creeper, the juice of which is commanded to be drank at the conclusion of a sacrifice. 1827 Colebrooke in Trans. Royal Asiatic Soc. 1 455 The presenting of expressed juice of the sóma plant. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. at Asclepias The bruised stem and leaves of the Soma plant yield a juice [etc.]. 1882 Cornhill Mag. June 720 The soma plant, by which Indra conquers Vritra. 1972 R. G. Wasson Soma ii. 10 My candidate for the identity of soma is Amanita muscaria.., in English the fly-agaric. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). soman.² Brit. /ˈsəʊmə/, U.S. /ˈsoʊmə/ Etymology: < Greek σῶμα body. Physiology. 1. The body of an organism in contrast to the germ-cells. Also attributive in soma-plasm. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > [noun] > soma soma1889 1889 tr. A. Weismann Ess. Heredity 122 It is necessary to distinguish between..the body in its narrower sense (soma) and the germ-cells. 1889 tr. A. Weismann Ess. Heredity 154 The perishable and vulnerable nature of the soma. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 259/2 With Weismann, we suppose the germ~plasm to be different in kind from the general soma-plasm. 1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Oct. 966 If the mother be addicted to drink, additional damage may be done to the soma during intra-uterine life. 1914 W. R. Inge Outspoken Ess. (1919) 238 I can see no other fate in store for the soma of Catholicism; the germ-cells of true Christianity live their own life within it. 2. Anatomy. The compact portion of a nerve-cell, excluding the axon. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve cell > parts of axon1842 cell body1851 neuron1893 neurite1894 neuroplasm1894 perikaryon1897 neurofibril1898 axon hillock1899 telodendrion1899 axoplasm1900 neurofibrilla1902 cyton1910 soma1947 neurotubule1948 neurofilament1955 neurode1987 1947 R. Lorente de Nó in Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 29 211 The word ‘soma’ will be used to denote the body and all the dendritic branches of the neuron. 1970 Jrnl. Neurobiol. 1 340 The somas are likely to be the site of protein synthesis. 1974 Nature 8 Nov. 155/1 Studies with a few invertebrate preparations have suggested different ionic mechanisms for spike generation in the soma and axon of the same neurone. 3. The body in contrast to the mind or the soul. Opposed to psyche. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > [noun] lichamc888 bodyeOE earthOE lichOE bone houseOE dustc1000 fleshOE utter mana1050 bonesOE bodiȝlichc1175 bouka1225 bellyc1275 slimec1315 corpsec1325 vesselc1360 tabernaclec1374 carrion1377 corsec1386 personc1390 claya1400 carcass1406 lump of claya1425 sensuality?a1425 corpusc1440 God's imagea1450 bulka1475 natural body1526 outward man1526 quarrons1567 blood bulk1570 skinfula1592 flesh-rind1593 clod1595 anatomy1597 veil1598 microcosm1601 machine1604 outwall1608 lay part1609 machina1612 cabinet1614 automaton1644 case1655 mud wall1662 structure1671 soul case1683 incarnation1745 personality1748 personage1785 man1830 embodiment1850 flesh-stuff1855 corporeity1865 chassis1930 soma1958 1958 A. Wilson Middle Age of Mrs Eliot i. 72 He says that between Else fussing with his soma and me with his psyche, all he really wants is a complete rest and he wishes he were travelling with you. 1969 Listener 26 June 881/2 A score of youths and girls intent on exploring each other honestly and sincerely in psyche and soma can't help generating some degree of excitement. 1976 Lancet 30 Oct. 946/2 No personal physician, at any time, has been able to operate successfully without using substances, as symbols of healing of the soma and the psyche. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1785n.²1889
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