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单词 soma
释义

soman.1

Brit. /ˈsəʊmə/, U.S. /ˈsoʊmə/
Forms: Also 1800s som.
Etymology: < Sanskrit sōma, = Avestan haōma , Persian hōm : see hom n.
1.
a. An intoxicating drink holding a prominent place in Vedic ritual and religion.The soma was prepared from the juice of a plant which is commonly supposed to have been Asclepias acida or Sarcostemma viminale (or acidum).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > consumables > soma > [noun]
soma1827
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > other alcoholic drinks > [noun] > others
stitch-broth1635
Cherellya1640
rug1653
steel-nose1654
pope's-milka1661
Northdown1670
purl royal1675
sweetsa1679
forty-ninea1713
huggle-my-buff1756
slug1756
gunpowder1765
guarapo1772
peachy1781
all nations1785
anti-fogmatic1789
soma1827
ava1831
native1832
tap1832
stone fence1844
slap-bang1845
Angostura1856
jake1910
tepache1926
pruno1936
muratina1968
makkoli1970
alcopop1996
1827 [see soma plant n. at sense 2].
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 174/2 The soma, when properly prepared, is a powerful spirit.
1869 T. C. Barker Aryan Civilization (1871) i. 3 From the Hindoo he [the fire-god] has the fermented drink called soma.
1872 J. G. Whittier Brewing of Soma iv From tent to tent The Soma's sacred madness went, A storm of drunken joy.
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 205/2 The soma..must have played an important part in the ancient worship, at least as early as the Indo-Persian period.
attributive.1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 175/1 What else is this act of drinking the soma-juice but a kind of sacrament?1874 L. J. Trotter Hist. India i. i. 4 He [Indra] delights in drinking the sacred soma juice.1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 205 Among the Vaidik rites the soma-sacrifices are the most solemn and complicated.1895 A. Nutt Voy. Bran I. 321 The immortality claimed by the soma devotee.
b. In Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World, a narcotic drug which produces euphoria and hallucination, distributed by the state in order to promote content and social harmony. Also transferred and attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > euphoric drug > legendary or imaginary
nepenthes1580
nepenthe1595
soma1932
1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iii. 66 There is always soma, delicious soma, half a gramme for a half~holiday, a gramme for a week-end, two grammes for a trip to the gorgeous East, three for a dark eternity on the moon.
1932 A. Huxley Brave New World v. 95 The soma had begun to work. Eyes shone, cheeks were flushed, the inner light of universal benevolence broke out on every face in happy, friendly smiles.
1932 A. Huxley Brave New World vi. 107 Bernard swallowed four tablets of soma at a gulp.
1932 A. Huxley Brave New World xv. 246 The two Groups..were served by the Deputy Sub-Bursar with their soma ration.
1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Feb. 105/2 The forecast [in Brave New World] of a pain-killing, pleasure-giving pill called soma, at once the perfect substitute for alcohol, opium and benzedrine, has not yet been wholly fulfilled.
1968 ‘J. le Carré’ Small Town in Germany ix. 155 If I smoked I'd smoke one of your cigars. I could do with a bit of soma just now.
1976 Interdisciplinary Sci. Rev. 1 178/1 Suppose there was national agreement on the need for a ‘good’ psychoactive drug, one which would be as universally used as the ubiquitous soma of Brave New World.
2. soma plant n. the plant yielding the soma-juice. Also elliptical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding intoxicating drink > [noun] > soma plant
soma plant1785
moon-plant1798
hom1855
haoma1890
1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā ix. 80 The followers of the three Vēds, who drink the juice of the Sōm..address me.
1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā ix. 143 Sōm—is the name of a creeper, the juice of which is commanded to be drank at the conclusion of a sacrifice.
1827 Colebrooke in Trans. Royal Asiatic Soc. 1 455 The presenting of expressed juice of the sóma plant.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. at Asclepias The bruised stem and leaves of the Soma plant yield a juice [etc.].
1882 Cornhill Mag. June 720 The soma plant, by which Indra conquers Vritra.
1972 R. G. Wasson Soma ii. 10 My candidate for the identity of soma is Amanita muscaria.., in English the fly-agaric.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

soman.2

Brit. /ˈsəʊmə/, U.S. /ˈsoʊmə/
Etymology: < Greek σῶμα body.
Physiology.
1. The body of an organism in contrast to the germ-cells. Also attributive in soma-plasm. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > [noun] > soma
soma1889
1889 tr. A. Weismann Ess. Heredity 122 It is necessary to distinguish between..the body in its narrower sense (soma) and the germ-cells.
1889 tr. A. Weismann Ess. Heredity 154 The perishable and vulnerable nature of the soma.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 259/2 With Weismann, we suppose the germ~plasm to be different in kind from the general soma-plasm.
1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Oct. 966 If the mother be addicted to drink, additional damage may be done to the soma during intra-uterine life.
1914 W. R. Inge Outspoken Ess. (1919) 238 I can see no other fate in store for the soma of Catholicism; the germ-cells of true Christianity live their own life within it.
2. Anatomy. The compact portion of a nerve-cell, excluding the axon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve cell > parts of
axon1842
cell body1851
neuron1893
neurite1894
neuroplasm1894
perikaryon1897
neurofibril1898
axon hillock1899
telodendrion1899
axoplasm1900
neurofibrilla1902
cyton1910
soma1947
neurotubule1948
neurofilament1955
neurode1987
1947 R. Lorente de Nó in Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 29 211 The word ‘soma’ will be used to denote the body and all the dendritic branches of the neuron.
1970 Jrnl. Neurobiol. 1 340 The somas are likely to be the site of protein synthesis.
1974 Nature 8 Nov. 155/1 Studies with a few invertebrate preparations have suggested different ionic mechanisms for spike generation in the soma and axon of the same neurone.
3. The body in contrast to the mind or the soul. Opposed to psyche.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > [noun]
lichamc888
bodyeOE
earthOE
lichOE
bone houseOE
dustc1000
fleshOE
utter mana1050
bonesOE
bodiȝlichc1175
bouka1225
bellyc1275
slimec1315
corpsec1325
vesselc1360
tabernaclec1374
carrion1377
corsec1386
personc1390
claya1400
carcass1406
lump of claya1425
sensuality?a1425
corpusc1440
God's imagea1450
bulka1475
natural body1526
outward man1526
quarrons1567
blood bulk1570
skinfula1592
flesh-rind1593
clod1595
anatomy1597
veil1598
microcosm1601
machine1604
outwall1608
lay part1609
machina1612
cabinet1614
automaton1644
case1655
mud wall1662
structure1671
soul case1683
incarnation1745
personality1748
personage1785
man1830
embodiment1850
flesh-stuff1855
corporeity1865
chassis1930
soma1958
1958 A. Wilson Middle Age of Mrs Eliot i. 72 He says that between Else fussing with his soma and me with his psyche, all he really wants is a complete rest and he wishes he were travelling with you.
1969 Listener 26 June 881/2 A score of youths and girls intent on exploring each other honestly and sincerely in psyche and soma can't help generating some degree of excitement.
1976 Lancet 30 Oct. 946/2 No personal physician, at any time, has been able to operate successfully without using substances, as symbols of healing of the soma and the psyche.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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