spadn.¹

/spad/

Etymology: Variant of spud n.

Originally U.S.

A spike with a flattened end containing a hole to support a plumb-line, so that it can be driven into a tunnel roof to provide a marker.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveying instruments > instrument used to support a plumb-line

spad1908

1908 L. W. Trumbull Man. Underground Surveying iii. 93 A majority of the mines of the United States are using punched horseshoe nails known as ‘spads’. The head of the horseshoe nail..is hammered flat and a hole punched through it.

1918 R. Peele Mining Engineers' Handbk. (1927) 1421 A spad in the form of an open hook is better than one having an eye, because it facilitates the hanging and unhanging of the plumb-bob.

1957 R. C. A. Hooper Winiberg's Metallif. Mine Surv. (ed. 4) ix. 186 Some surveyors prefer to have the width of the spad along the longitudinal axis of a drive rather than at right angles.

1973 B. A. Barry Construction Measurements xvi. 220 Line is carried forward in tunneling by tape and theodolite to marks placed either on the floor or side or roof of the tunnel. Driving plugs and spads into the roof to serve as horizontal control (traverse) points keeps them free from traffic damage or disturbance.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

Spadn.²

/spad/

Etymology: < the initials of Société pour Aviation et ses Dérivés, the designers.

Any of several types of French aircraft, esp. a biplane fighter much used in the war of 1914–18. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > used in warfare > fighter > of specific manufacture

Spad1917

Messerschmitt1938

Spit1941

widowmaker1944

MiG1953

1917 Sci. Amer. Oct. 249/1 Still faster is the ‘Spad’, a tiny biplane.

1918 J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 60 They have Pups and Spads and Avros.

1918 J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 88 There were three Spads so Capt. Foggin asked for Spad pilots.

1918 W. E. Dommett Dict. Aircraft 42 S.P.A.D. Aeroplanes.

1920 A. J. L. Scott Hist. Sixty Squadron, R.A.F. ii. 15 Foot..was given a ‘Spad’, on which he did great execution during the autumn.

1926 J. L. Pritchard Bk. Aeroplane xii. 230 Spad machines were recognised as among the fastest..used by the Allies during the war.

1929 B. Hall & J. J. Niles One Man's War 170 In very high, thin air the Nieuports manœuvred very well, better perhaps than the Spads did, because the Spad was a heavier machine.

1970 Word Watching Apr. 7/1 Spad, A-1 fighter-bomber escort for rescue helicopters.

1973 D. Lees Rape of Quiet Town vi. 101 Vague memories of anti-aircraft drill from the days of Spads and Fokkers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

spadn.³

Brit.

/spad/, U.S.

/spæd/

Forms: 2000s– spad, 2000s– SpAd, 2000s– SPAD.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: special adviser n. at special adj., adv., and n. Compounds 2.

Etymology: Shortened < special adviser n. at special adj., adv., and n. Compounds 2, perhaps influenced by SPAD n. at S n.¹ Additions (compare quot. 2002).

British slang (frequently depreciative).

= special adviser n. at special adj., adv., and n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

2001 Re: Maggie's Revenge in uk.politics.misc (Usenet newsgroup) 8 June Attendees of Bilderberg 2001 (from official press release..). GB. Balls, Ed—Chief Economic Adviser, Spads, HM Treasury.

2002 Sunday Express (Nexis) 27 Jan. 37 [Jo] Moore has even earned herself the new nickname of ‘Spad’ in Whitehall—a word which began life as an acronym for ‘signals passed at danger’, the railway near-misses blamed for some of Britain's worst train crashes. Spad has now become a bizarre term of affection for ministerial special advisers who seek to bury bad news.

2014 J. Crace I never promised you Rose Garden vii. 110 A senior spad's greatest value to a minister is that he or she can be thrown to the wolves in order to save the government's skin.

2016 Irish News (Nexis) 13 Aug. 6 Politically appointed but paid from the public purse like civil servants, spads have been a source of controversy in the past over wages and accountability.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

SPAD

SPAD n.

Brit.

/spad/

U.S.

/spæd/

(also Spad) British Railways signal (or signals) passed at danger; an incident in which a train or driver passes a warning signal.

ΚΠ

1988 Times (Nexis) 16 Dec. British Rail said it could not explain the ‘rising trend of Spads’ but said independent reports..have been commissioned.

2001 Mod. Railways Aug. 20/2 Despite the introduction of Cab Secure Radio (CSR), none of the signallers at Slough had been trained in its use in an emergency, and none had used it in the event of a SPAD.

extracted from Sn.¹

n.¹1908

n.²1917

n.³2001

as lemmas

单词	spad
释义	spadn.¹ /spad/ Etymology: Variant of spud n. Originally U.S. A spike with a flattened end containing a hole to support a plumb-line, so that it can be driven into a tunnel roof to provide a marker. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveying instruments > instrument used to support a plumb-line spad1908 1908 L. W. Trumbull Man. Underground Surveying iii. 93 A majority of the mines of the United States are using punched horseshoe nails known as ‘spads’. The head of the horseshoe nail..is hammered flat and a hole punched through it. 1918 R. Peele Mining Engineers' Handbk. (1927) 1421 A spad in the form of an open hook is better than one having an eye, because it facilitates the hanging and unhanging of the plumb-bob. 1957 R. C. A. Hooper Winiberg's Metallif. Mine Surv. (ed. 4) ix. 186 Some surveyors prefer to have the width of the spad along the longitudinal axis of a drive rather than at right angles. 1973 B. A. Barry Construction Measurements xvi. 220 Line is carried forward in tunneling by tape and theodolite to marks placed either on the floor or side or roof of the tunnel. Driving plugs and spads into the roof to serve as horizontal control (traverse) points keeps them free from traffic damage or disturbance. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2019). Spadn.² /spad/ Etymology: < the initials of Société pour Aviation et ses Dérivés, the designers. Any of several types of French aircraft, esp. a biplane fighter much used in the war of 1914–18. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > used in warfare > fighter > of specific manufacture Spad1917 Messerschmitt1938 Spit1941 widowmaker1944 MiG1953 1917 Sci. Amer. Oct. 249/1 Still faster is the ‘Spad’, a tiny biplane. 1918 J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 60 They have Pups and Spads and Avros. 1918 J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 88 There were three Spads so Capt. Foggin asked for Spad pilots. 1918 W. E. Dommett Dict. Aircraft 42 S.P.A.D. Aeroplanes. 1920 A. J. L. Scott Hist. Sixty Squadron, R.A.F. ii. 15 Foot..was given a ‘Spad’, on which he did great execution during the autumn. 1926 J. L. Pritchard Bk. Aeroplane xii. 230 Spad machines were recognised as among the fastest..used by the Allies during the war. 1929 B. Hall & J. J. Niles One Man's War 170 In very high, thin air the Nieuports manœuvred very well, better perhaps than the Spads did, because the Spad was a heavier machine. 1970 Word Watching Apr. 7/1 Spad, A-1 fighter-bomber escort for rescue helicopters. 1973 D. Lees Rape of Quiet Town vi. 101 Vague memories of anti-aircraft drill from the days of Spads and Fokkers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2018). spadn.³ Brit. /spad/, U.S. /spæd/ Forms: 2000s– spad, 2000s– SpAd, 2000s– SPAD. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: special adviser n. at special adj., adv., and n. Compounds 2. Etymology: Shortened < special adviser n. at special adj., adv., and n. Compounds 2, perhaps influenced by SPAD n. at S n.¹ Additions (compare quot. 2002). British slang (frequently depreciative). = special adviser n. at special adj., adv., and n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 2001 Re: Maggie's Revenge in uk.politics.misc (Usenet newsgroup) 8 June Attendees of Bilderberg 2001 (from official press release..). GB. Balls, Ed—Chief Economic Adviser, Spads, HM Treasury. 2002 Sunday Express (Nexis) 27 Jan. 37 [Jo] Moore has even earned herself the new nickname of ‘Spad’ in Whitehall—a word which began life as an acronym for ‘signals passed at danger’, the railway near-misses blamed for some of Britain's worst train crashes. Spad has now become a bizarre term of affection for ministerial special advisers who seek to bury bad news. 2014 J. Crace I never promised you Rose Garden vii. 110 A senior spad's greatest value to a minister is that he or she can be thrown to the wolves in order to save the government's skin. 2016 Irish News (Nexis) 13 Aug. 6 Politically appointed but paid from the public purse like civil servants, spads have been a source of controversy in the past over wages and accountability. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas SPAD SPAD n. Brit. /spad/ , U.S. /spæd/ (also Spad) British Railways signal (or signals) passed at danger; an incident in which a train or driver passes a warning signal. ΚΠ 1988 Times (Nexis) 16 Dec. British Rail said it could not explain the ‘rising trend of Spads’ but said independent reports..have been commissioned. 2001 Mod. Railways Aug. 20/2 Despite the introduction of Cab Secure Radio (CSR), none of the signallers at Slough had been trained in its use in an emergency, and none had used it in the event of a SPAD. extracted from Sn.¹ < n.¹1908n.²1917n.³2001 as lemmas
随便看	assonates assonating assopiate assort assortative assortative mating assortatively assorte assorted assortedness assorter assorters assorting assortment assortments assorts assot assote assotted assparsley assr assship asst assuade assuage

spadn.1

Spadn.2

spadn.3

> as lemmas

spadn.¹

Spadn.²

spadn.³