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单词 sonnet
释义

sonnetn.

Brit. /ˈsɒnᵻt/, U.S. /ˈsɑnət/
Forms: Middle English–1600s sonet, 1500s sonette, 1500s sonnete, 1500s–1600s sonett, 1500s–1600s sonnette, 1500s– sonnet, 1600s sonnett.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: French sonnet; Italian sonetto.
Etymology: In sense 1 < Anglo-Norman and Middle French sonet, Middle French sonnet song, sung melody (late 12th cent. in Old French as sonet ) < son sound (see sound n.3) + -et -et suffix1. In sense 2 < Middle French sonnet poem of fourteen lines (1536; French sonnet ), or its etymon Italian sonetto (13th cent.; also †soneto (first half of the 14th cent.), †sonnetto (a1609 or earlier)) < Old Occitan sonet song, sung melody (second half of the 12th cent.; < son sound (see sound n.3) + -et -et suffix1), with specific sense development within Italian. Compare sonetto n.With use in sense 1 compare also Old French, Middle French (rare) sonete song, sung melody (c1280 and 1541 in two apparently isolated attestations). With use in sense 2 compare Dutch sonnet (1621; 1561 as sonet ), German Sonett (1586). Sense 3 appears to show a development within English from both senses 1 and 2.
1. A song, tune, or ballad; (also) music.In later use sometimes with admixture of senses 2 or 3, referring to a poem set to music, or to a song having a poetic quality.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [noun]
gleec897
mirtheOE
dreamOE
soundc1330
entunec1369
musica1382
noisec1390
sonnetc1400
cant1704
tonation1728
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1516 Þer watz rynging, on ryȝt, of ryche metalles,..Clatering of covaclez þat kesten þo burdes, As sonet out of sau[t]eray songe als myry.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 55 (MED) A nyghtingale sat vpon a tre & made a passing swete sonet-song.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) ii. i. sig. C.iij Then vp to our lute at midnight, twangledome twang, Then twang with our sonets, and twang with our dumps.
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxiv. xi. 897 Hearing Timotheus the Musician sing a martiall Sonnet unto his Citherne,..hee presently leaped from the table.
1698 G. Ridpath Stage Condemn'd xviii. 168 It's a delicate Sonnet for Nurses to sing to their Young ones, that they may suck in Virtue like Mother's Milk.
1720 A. Ramsay Poems 277 In Sonnet slee the Man I sing.
1791 R. Burns Aloway Kirk; or, Tam o' Shanter in Edinb. Mag. Mar. 244/1 Whiles crooning o'er an auld Scots sonnet.
1793 S. Thomson Poems Sc. Dial. 100 Since 'tis so, retir'd within myself, I'll sing my sonnet to the lonely glen.
1843 R. Nicoll Poems 82 Mither spinning sat, droning auld sonnets to her wheel.
1865 E. Burritt Walk to Land's End xi. 370 The mother pressed the postman to sing a sonnet he had made on a niece of hers.
1875 W. H. Nettleton Essays 115 When the organ's peals in solemn metres ring, Or happy voices some sweet sonnet sing.
1922 Tel.-Herald (Dubuque, Iowa) 31 Mar. 6/6 It's better to perform a jig and sing a sonnet charming than wail out lamentations big and go about alarming.
1959 Selkirk (Manitoba) Enterprise 21 Oct. 11/2 Nobody sang a sonnet to the setting sun. Nobody was impelled to dance a dirge to dying summer.
2003 A. MacNeil Music & Women of Commedia dell'Arte ii. 36 She sang sonnets and madrigals with the best singers of the time.
2. A poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English typically written in iambic pentameter, and usually having a single theme.The invention of the sonnet is usually credited to the Sicilian court poet Giacomo da Lentini (fl. 1233–40); the form was made famous in the 14th cent. by Petrarch (see Petrarchan adj. and cf. quot. ?1555). In English, the sonnet form was much used and developed during the Elizabethan period. Sonnets were often composed as part of a sequence: cf. sonnet sequence n. at Compounds 2.In many earlier instances it is not clear whether this sense or sense 3 is intended, as the more general use of the word appears to have been very common in the late 16th and early to mid 17th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > lyric of fixed verse form > sonnet
sonnet?1555
quatorzain1582
quatorzeim1724
?1555 Ld. Morley in tr. Petrarch Tryumphes sig. A.iiv These syxte wonderfull made triumphes all to the laude of hys Ladye Laura, by whome he made so many a swete sonnet.
1575 G. Gascoigne Posies (1907) 471 I can beste allowe to call those Sonets whiche are of fouretene lynes, every line conteyning tenne syllables.
1609 (title) Shake-speares sonnets. Neuer before imprinted.
?1615 J. Donne Lett. (1651) 104 The Spanish proverb informes me, that he is a fool which cannot make one Sonnet, and he is mad which makes two.
1683 W. Soames tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Art of Poetry ii. 20 A faultless Sonnet, finish'd thus, would be Worth tedious Volumes of loose Poetry.
1713 Guardian No. 10. 43 He who hath no knack at writing sonnets.
a1771 T. Gray Observ. Eng. Metre in Wks. (1814) II. 21 Sonnets of Fourteen, on Five Rhymes. [Note] This, and the fourth kind are the true Sonnet of the Italians.
1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. ii. 19 The great object of the Sonnet seems to be to express in musical numbers,..with undivided breath, some occasional thought or personal feeling.
a1878 B. Taylor Stud. German Lit. (1879) 174 Fischart first introduced the Italian sonnet into German literature.
1932 K. A. Porter Let. 8 Mar. (1990) ii. 78 I won first place for a sonnet written in ten minutes.
1962 R. M. Browning German Poetry 229 Read carefully the second quartet of the first sonnet.
2009 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 1 Nov. (Herald-Times ed.) d6/1 The quiet elegance of an Elizabethan sonnet.
3. Any short poem or piece of verse; (in early use) esp. a lyrical love poem. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun]
sonnet1557
lyrica1586
sonetto1589
1557 (title) Songes and sonettes, written by the..late Earle of Surrey, and other.
1575 G. Gascoigne Posies (1907) 471 Some thinke that all Poemes (being short) may be called Sonets.
1650 J. Cotton Singing of Psalmes 19 Neither doe drunkards..usually invent Sonnets.
c1680 Northampton-shire Lovers (single sheet) In this Sonnet you may find A fancy that may please your mind.
1719 W. Hamilton Epist. to Ramsay i. 43 Sae I conclude, and end my sonnet.
1818 G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (ed. 2) 15 My dowie sonnet Upo' the Horner's guid braid bonnet.
1871 Judy 1 Mar. 181/2 Pray learn, from this short sonnet, The lesson that Scotch costume teaches.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.
sonnet book n.
ΚΠ
1607 Fayre Mayde of Exchange sig. F3 Faith thou hast robd some Sonet booke or other, And now wouldst make me thinke they are thine owne.
1857 L. Hunt Let. 2 Dec. in Corr. (1862) II. 238 When I have final news of the sonnet book, you shall have it too.
1938 C. L. de Chambrun Shakespeare Rediscovered vii. 140 A hitherto inexplicable passage in the sonnet book.
2002 Gaston (Gastonia, N. Carolina) Gaz. 24 Feb. 3 e/1 Bianca's copy of Frankie's sonnet book.
sonnet-fancier n.
ΚΠ
1824 T. B. Macaulay in Knight's Q. Mag. 2 365 These sonnet-fanciers would do well to reflect [etc.].
2004 W. J. Maxwell in C. McKay Compl. Poems Introd. p. xvi An improbable alliance of revolutionaries and sonnet-fanciers.
sonnet form n.
ΚΠ
1811 Crit. Rev. July 235 They are generally..strictly legitimate, as Mr. Scott says was the intention of the author in the sonnet form.
1912 Ess. & Stud. 3 69 Shakespeare was going on writing in the sonnet-form after it had gone out of fashion.
2016 New Statesman 5 Feb. 46/2 Most of the 40 poems are in iambic pentameter. This is no longer the automatic choice for the sonnet form, as Paterson knows better than most.
sonnet-maker n.
ΚΠ
1675 E. Phillips Theatrum Poetarum (new ed.) 161 Robert Green, one of the Pastoral Sonnet makers of Qu. Elizabeth's time.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. i. 391 This thirst of glory..is to be found among fidlers and sonnet-makers.
1837 Penny Satirist 2 Dec. 2/2 A reign which..threatens to push out the ballads-singers, and the sonnet-makers.
1905 C. Kernahan Jackal xix. 245 Let us suppose you to be a sonnet-maker.
1999 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 3 Oct. 11 We have some unexpected sonnet-makers.
sonnet-making n.
ΚΠ
1794 Crit. Rev. July 175 We observe also a sonnet on sonnet making, said to be in the Welsh manner, which is only an imitation of the famous Spanish Sonnet of Lopez de Vega.
1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary ii. i. 63 No call for sonnet-sorting now, nor for sonnet-making either.
1922 J. J. Chapman Glance toward Shakespeare xiii. 94 The whole art and craft of sonnet-making was governed by ideas of the supersensuous.
2001 Independent (Nexis) 4 Oct. 11 A whole week of interactive sonnet making.
sonnet-thought n.
ΚΠ
1880 Athenæum 13 Nov. 635/3 The sonnet thought is so markedly present that the ear demands the sonnet form.
1929 E. Blunden Near & Far 59 All that deep-sighing elegy might mourn, Glad lyric hail, and sonnet-thought adorn.
2001 Bull. Hispanic Stud. 78 310 Sonnet 10..maintains the structure of sonnet-thought.
sonnet-writer n.
ΚΠ
1675 E. Phillips Theatrum Poetarum (new ed.) sig. Bb4 Diomede Borghese, a Lyric Poet, or Sonnet writer of Siena.
1781 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. 483 George Whetstone, a sonnet-writer of some rank.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 263/1 The crowning difficulty..of the sonnet writer.
1951 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 May 293/1 We have no modern sonnet writer to continue his theme.
2014 Nelson (N. Z.) Mail (Nexis) 21 Oct. (National section) 8 The..pastoral poets and suburban sonnet-writers.
sonnet-writing n.
ΚΠ
1734 tr. C. Buffier French Gram. 413 For some time past Sonnet-writing seems to have been lost.
1871 D. G. Rossetti Let. 2 Aug. (1967) III. 964 A little sonnet-writing gets done.
1981 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 Jan. 38/3 The relation of Shakespeare to the conventions of sonnet-writing after Petrarch.
2012 New Yorker (Nexis) 24 Dec. (Critics section) 139 The poets challenged each other to sonnet-writing competitions.
C2.
sonnet sequence n. a set of sonnets which are linked in some way, often by a common theme or subject.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > lyric of fixed verse form > sonnet > sonnet-sequence
sonnet sequence1881
1881 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonnets 161 (title) The House of Life: a sonnet-sequence.
1929 P. G. Wodehouse Mr. Mulliner Speaking v. 141 The poet who was spending the summer at the Anglers' Rest had just begun to read us his new sonnet-sequence.
1973 Listener 21 June 830/2 Ever since Shakespeare the sonnet-sequence has grouped itself lightly.
2015 Sunday Times (Nexis) 11 Oct. (Culture section) 47 One day he would produce a sonnet sequence of his own.

Derivatives

ˈsonnet-like adj.
ΚΠ
1774 E. Capell Notes & Var. Readings Shakespeare II. sig. Nn2/1 An Argument, written sonnet-wise, that was the parent of this sonnet-like ‘Prologue’.
1874 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 259 I looked at some delicate flying shafted ashes—there was one especially of single sonnet-like inscape.
1971 R. P. Newton Form in Menschheitsdämmerung iii. 100 Two five and two four line stanzas, with sonnet-like identity of rhyme in the first two.
2010 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 28 Apr. (Leisure section) 10 Sonnet-like poems that are never quite 14 lines long.
ˈsonnet-wise adv.
ΚΠ
1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. H The yoong Prince..writ him an a[n]swer Sonnet-wise, to this effect.
1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. xxiii. 27 I send you the inclosed verses Sonet-wise.
1824 John Bull 23 Aug. 277/3 Verses written sonnet-wise On London's learned Lord.
1988 C. Ricks T.S. Eliot & Prejudice vii. 274 ‘River’ sounds as if it may be striking up a relation with ‘frontier’, sonnet-wise.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sonnetv.

Brit. /ˈsɒnᵻt/, U.S. /ˈsɑnət/
Forms: see sonnet n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: sonnet n.
Etymology: < sonnet n. Compare Italian sonettare to compose sonnets (1598 in Florio, or earlier).
1. transitive. To fill with sonnets. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > write lyric about [verb (transitive)] > celebrate in (a) sonnet(s) > fill with sonnets
sonnet1592
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. C2 v Hee will..sonnet a whole quire of paper in praise of Ladie Manibetter.
2. intransitive. To compose sonnets; to sonnetize. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > compose lyric [verb (intransitive)] > compose sonnets
sonnet1593
sonneteera1790
sonnetize1798
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 48 When Elderton began to ballat, Gascoine to sonnet, Turberuile to madrigal.
1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. i. i. 1 Nor list I Sonnet of my Mistresse face.
1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 467 Loue was such a Lord ouer me, as I..sonnetted when hee inspired mee with it.
1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. Pref. p. xxxvii And in delightful Tones sit sonneting.
1843 Cleave's Penny Gaz. 4 Mar. Vinah, too, sonneted.
1878 Examiner 25 May 655/2 The said René was sitting, sonnetting, in a summer-house.
3. transitive. To celebrate in a sonnet or sonnets.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > formal expression of praise > praise formally [verb (transitive)] > in a sonnet
sonnet1598
sonneteer1825
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > write lyric about [verb (transitive)] > celebrate in (a) sonnet(s)
sonnet1598
sonnetize1799
sonneteer1825
besonnet1832
1598 F. Meres Palladis Tamia f. 280v Daniel hath diuinely sonetted the matchlesse beauty of his Delia.
1712 Hist. of Jacobite Clubs 13 After he had in vain Sonetted my Lord, and found it Impossible to Rhime him or my Lady into a Conge de Elire for an Irish Bishoprick..he assum'd the Spirit of Indignation.
1759 Mem. celebrated Miss Fanny M—— II. iv. 41 I ogled, I sonneted her—she answered to both.
1819 Ld. Byron Let. 17 May (1976) VI. 132 He was shouted and Sonneted and feasted.
1887 St. James's Gaz. 14 Feb. They sonneted her.
1904 ‘S. G. Tallentyre’ Life Voltaire I. vi. 83 He sonneted his hostess now.
2010 Canwest News Service (Nexis) 2 Oct. We'd been sonneted. And it felt good.
4. transitive. With out: to utter in sonnets. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > write lyric about [verb (transitive)] > celebrate in (a) sonnet(s) > utter in sonnets
sonnet1610
1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 45 The birds sweet notes, to sonnet out their ioyes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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