socialistn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/,

/ˈsəʊʃl̩ɪst/, U.S.

/ˈsoʊʃələst/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: social adj., -ist suffix.

Etymology: < social adj. + -ist suffix. Compare post-classical Latin socialista (1753 in Anselm Desing, denoting an advocate of natural law), Italian socialista (1765, apparently denoting an advocate of natural law), French socialiste (1833 in sense ‘advocate or supporter of economic or social reforms’; 1797 in sense ‘opponent of the French Revolution, allied to the royalists’; also 18th cent. denoting an advocate of natural law), German Sozialist (c1840 in sense ‘advocate or supporter of socialism’; 1790 denoting an advocate of natural law). Compare later socialism n. For a discussion of the milieu in which the use in quot. 1822 at sense A. 2a arose see J. Gans L'origine du mot ‘socialiste’ et ses emplois les plus anciens in Revue d'histoire économique & sociale 35 (1957) 80.

A. n.

†1. A person who lives in (civilized) society. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1793 Fact without Fallacy 41 A very slender vocabulary enables the savage to transact the business of life. Voluminous dictionaries enable the socialist to misinterpret the transactions of his neighbour.

1796 Huntingtoniana 23 What would society think of a man who..presumes to ruin his neighbour?.. What then must religious socialists think of a man, who..comes forth and charges a brother preacher, with the most abominable crimes?

a. An advocate or supporter of socialism.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > adherent of

socialist1822

red ragger1909

1822 E. Cowper Let. to Robert Owen 2 Nov. in Revue d'Histoire Economique & Sociale (1957) 35 80 [She] seems well adapted to become what my friend Jo. Applegath calls a Socialist.

1827 Co-operative Mag. Nov. 509 The chief question..between the modern,..Political Economists, and the Communionists or Socialists, is whether it is more beneficial that this capital should be individual or in common.

1853 W. Jerdan Autobiogr. III. xix. 289 He was..a Socialist in the best sense of the term.

1889 G. B. Shaw Fabian Ess. Socialism 182 The young Socialist is apt to be catastrophic in his views.

1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier xi. 205 The typical Socialist..is either a youthful snob-Bolshevik..or, still more typically, a prim little man with a white-collar job.

1965 G. Grant Lament for Nation v. 58 Even those socialists who did not follow Marx in the doctrine of the withering away of the state still generally believed that socialism would create a society of freedom in the sense of the emancipated passions.

1997 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Nov. 12 An ethical socialist and High Anglican in the Blair manner, he is Mr Blair's very own appointment as Minister of State for Welfare Reform.

2002 A. N. Wilson Victorians xii. 123 Marx denounced them—because they were in reality a sop to the socialists and they held in check the possibilities of further revolution.

b. spec. A member of a political party advocating socialism.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > member of a socialist party

socialist1848

1848 Western Lit. Messenger 10 263/2 These are the election facts in Paris... The total defeat of the socialists is a good omen of permanency.

1910 G. K. Chesterton George Bernard Shaw 68 The Socialists of the S.D.F. call it ‘l'Internationale’.

1920 S. Lewis Main St. x. 116 He's a socialist..a regular old-line party-member.

1987 Oxf. Times 27 Feb. 14/3 The Liberals..will encourage tactical voting against a Socialist in one constituency and a Tory in another.

2003 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 10 Apr. 62/2 Representatives of other working-class parties—the Socialists of the PSOE party and their trade union, the UGT, [etc.].

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of socialism or socialists; characterized by (support for) socialism or socialists.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [adjective]

socialist1824

socialist1839

socialistic1848

1824 W. Owen Diary 21 Nov. in Indiana Hist. Soc. Publ. (1906) IV. 32 Mr. Loyd after dinner returned to the Mansion House with us and we read to him the proposals for a socialist community.

1840 Times 25 Jan. 2/6 He had given to their lordships the title of the Socialist paper.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Sept. 3/2 It is from the true Socialist point of view every bit as important to communize parks and pictures as railways and ploughs.

1908 H. G. Wells New Worlds for Old (1912) v. §1. 91 This change in the circle of ideas..is the essence of the Socialist project.

1951 W. Lewis Rotting Hill ix. 280 He did wish..to disinculpate himself of so socialist an intention as nationalizing small children.

1994 Amer. Spectator Oct. 63/1 He was a pragmatist, who believed that Labour had to ditch its socialist baggage if it was ever again to form a government.

2. That advocates or supports socialism; spec. designating any of various political parties that support socialism.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [adjective]

socialist1824

socialist1839

socialistic1848

1839 J. Mather Socialism Exposed 23 A socialist lecturer expressed his ideas of God.

1887 St. James's Gaz. 8 Feb. (Cassell) The torchlight Socialist procession.

1923 P. Blanshard Outl. Brit. Labor Movement 136 G. D. H. Cole has headed the Guild socialist movement and stands next to Sidney Webb as the most distinguished socialist writer.

1956 E. Fromm Art of Loving ii. 15 Following the ideas of the Enlightenment, Socialist thinkers of various schools defined equality as abolition of exploitation.

1999 New Musical Express 30 Oct. 5/2 Chris Geddes will speak at a conference organised by the Scottish Socialist Party on November 7.

3. Governed or organized in accordance with the principles of socialism.

ΚΠ

1840 Belfast News-let. (Electronic ed.) 6 Mar. It was as much the duty of the Government to suppress the institutions in which they [sc. controversial books] were used as it was to suppress the Socialist communities against which the House had addressed the Queen.

1874 Warehousemen & Drapers' Trade Jrnl. 9 May 220/2 Divining..that this Socialist factory was in straits, he took advantage of the situation.

1931 Economist 7 Feb. 283/1 The ‘socialist sector’ of agriculture now provides over 50 per cent. of the total grain supply.

1969 A. G. Frank Lat. Amer. (1970) xvii. 273 The outstanding examples of relative success with land reform are to be found in the socialist countries.

2002 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 35 85 Socialist colonies were intended to act as the nucleus of a new society to be reconstructed on the ruins of the old.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the noun, with past participles forming adjectives, as socialist-controlled, socialist-dominated, socialist-inspired, socialist-ridden, etc.

ΚΠ

1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad 69 It ought also to moderate that talk about French dualists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immortal.

1929 Times 16 Aug. 11/3 Mr. Moore, the Leader of the Opposition, appealed to the people of this Socialist-ridden State on a promise to substitute for Socialism ‘private effort and enterprise’.

1976 N. O'Sullivan Conservatism v. 124 There might be an appeal, in the form of a mass referendum, over the heads of a socialist-dominated House of Commons to the people.

1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 1 Nov. 3/3 There are many Socialist-controlled local authorities on which the dominant group doesn't give the opposition any places on any committees.

2007 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 25 Aug. d8 When economic liberalization came to India, after decades of socialist-inspired entropy, the country needed a new persona to symbolize new problems.

C2. Compounds of the adjective.

a. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘socialist and ——’, as socialist-democratic, socialist-feminist, socialist-rebel, etc.

ΚΠ

1849 Times 2 May 6/1 He added that he was a Socialist Republican priest of that class denominated Red.

1870 Dubuque (Iowa) Daily Herald 4 Oct. The arrests effected yesterday in Brunswick were directed at the members of the Committee of the Socialist Democratic Working Men's Union.

1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia ii. 76 He immediately put on the socialist-workman indignation.

1952 E. Hobsbawm in Granta 15 Nov. 10/2 The Radical age of the 1820s and 1830s, and the mixed socialist-rebel age which overlapped the first world war.

1976 Women's Report Sept.–Oct. 17/1 They would like feedback from the last issue, articles from individuals and groups giving a socialist-feminist analysis of activities.

1992 J. M. Kelly Short Hist. Western Legal Theory x. 433 The injurious alternation of political power in a democracy between, broadly speaking, conservative and property regarding forces on the one hand, and socialist-redistributivist forces on the other.

socialist chauvinist n. and adj. derogatory = social chauvinist n. and adj. at social adj. and n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1915 T. F. A. Smith What Germany Thinks vi. 149 On another page this Socialist-Chauvinist proclaims that ‘the freedom of the oppressed must be the work of the oppressed themselves’.

1919 A. Sirnis tr. V. Lenin Collapse of Second International x. 65 This group, the only one which had performed systematic work amongst the masses..turned Socialist-Chauvinist.

1970 Amer. Hist. Rev. 75 2087 Denouncing selfish and self-deluded German ruling classes and their socialist chauvinist lackeys.

1982 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 2 Apr. 19/2 It may be recalled that Alicia Alonso's Classical Ballet flourishes in Cuba much as it was disapproved of in the early days of the revolution by socialist chauvinists.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	socialist
释义	socialistn.adj. Brit. /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/, /ˈsəʊʃl̩ɪst/, U.S. /ˈsoʊʃələst/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: social adj., -ist suffix. Etymology: < social adj. + -ist suffix. Compare post-classical Latin socialista (1753 in Anselm Desing, denoting an advocate of natural law), Italian socialista (1765, apparently denoting an advocate of natural law), French socialiste (1833 in sense ‘advocate or supporter of economic or social reforms’; 1797 in sense ‘opponent of the French Revolution, allied to the royalists’; also 18th cent. denoting an advocate of natural law), German Sozialist (c1840 in sense ‘advocate or supporter of socialism’; 1790 denoting an advocate of natural law). Compare later socialism n. For a discussion of the milieu in which the use in quot. 1822 at sense A. 2a arose see J. Gans L'origine du mot ‘socialiste’ et ses emplois les plus anciens in Revue d'histoire économique & sociale 35 (1957) 80. A. n. †1. A person who lives in (civilized) society. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1793 Fact without Fallacy 41 A very slender vocabulary enables the savage to transact the business of life. Voluminous dictionaries enable the socialist to misinterpret the transactions of his neighbour. 1796 Huntingtoniana 23 What would society think of a man who..presumes to ruin his neighbour?.. What then must religious socialists think of a man, who..comes forth and charges a brother preacher, with the most abominable crimes? 2. a. An advocate or supporter of socialism. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > adherent of socialist1822 red ragger1909 1822 E. Cowper Let. to Robert Owen 2 Nov. in Revue d'Histoire Economique & Sociale (1957) 35 80 [She] seems well adapted to become what my friend Jo. Applegath calls a Socialist. 1827 Co-operative Mag. Nov. 509 The chief question..between the modern,..Political Economists, and the Communionists or Socialists, is whether it is more beneficial that this capital should be individual or in common. 1853 W. Jerdan Autobiogr. III. xix. 289 He was..a Socialist in the best sense of the term. 1889 G. B. Shaw Fabian Ess. Socialism 182 The young Socialist is apt to be catastrophic in his views. 1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier xi. 205 The typical Socialist..is either a youthful snob-Bolshevik..or, still more typically, a prim little man with a white-collar job. 1965 G. Grant Lament for Nation v. 58 Even those socialists who did not follow Marx in the doctrine of the withering away of the state still generally believed that socialism would create a society of freedom in the sense of the emancipated passions. 1997 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Nov. 12 An ethical socialist and High Anglican in the Blair manner, he is Mr Blair's very own appointment as Minister of State for Welfare Reform. 2002 A. N. Wilson Victorians xii. 123 Marx denounced them—because they were in reality a sop to the socialists and they held in check the possibilities of further revolution. b. spec. A member of a political party advocating socialism. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > member of a socialist party socialist1848 1848 Western Lit. Messenger 10 263/2 These are the election facts in Paris... The total defeat of the socialists is a good omen of permanency. 1910 G. K. Chesterton George Bernard Shaw 68 The Socialists of the S.D.F. call it ‘l'Internationale’. 1920 S. Lewis Main St. x. 116 He's a socialist..a regular old-line party-member. 1987 Oxf. Times 27 Feb. 14/3 The Liberals..will encourage tactical voting against a Socialist in one constituency and a Tory in another. 2003 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 10 Apr. 62/2 Representatives of other working-class parties—the Socialists of the PSOE party and their trade union, the UGT, [etc.]. B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of socialism or socialists; characterized by (support for) socialism or socialists. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [adjective] socialist1824 socialist1839 socialistic1848 1824 W. Owen Diary 21 Nov. in Indiana Hist. Soc. Publ. (1906) IV. 32 Mr. Loyd after dinner returned to the Mansion House with us and we read to him the proposals for a socialist community. 1840 Times 25 Jan. 2/6 He had given to their lordships the title of the Socialist paper. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Sept. 3/2 It is from the true Socialist point of view every bit as important to communize parks and pictures as railways and ploughs. 1908 H. G. Wells New Worlds for Old (1912) v. §1. 91 This change in the circle of ideas..is the essence of the Socialist project. 1951 W. Lewis Rotting Hill ix. 280 He did wish..to disinculpate himself of so socialist an intention as nationalizing small children. 1994 Amer. Spectator Oct. 63/1 He was a pragmatist, who believed that Labour had to ditch its socialist baggage if it was ever again to form a government. 2. That advocates or supports socialism; spec. designating any of various political parties that support socialism. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [adjective] socialist1824 socialist1839 socialistic1848 1839 J. Mather Socialism Exposed 23 A socialist lecturer expressed his ideas of God. 1887 St. James's Gaz. 8 Feb. (Cassell) The torchlight Socialist procession. 1923 P. Blanshard Outl. Brit. Labor Movement 136 G. D. H. Cole has headed the Guild socialist movement and stands next to Sidney Webb as the most distinguished socialist writer. 1956 E. Fromm Art of Loving ii. 15 Following the ideas of the Enlightenment, Socialist thinkers of various schools defined equality as abolition of exploitation. 1999 New Musical Express 30 Oct. 5/2 Chris Geddes will speak at a conference organised by the Scottish Socialist Party on November 7. 3. Governed or organized in accordance with the principles of socialism. ΚΠ 1840 Belfast News-let. (Electronic ed.) 6 Mar. It was as much the duty of the Government to suppress the institutions in which they [sc. controversial books] were used as it was to suppress the Socialist communities against which the House had addressed the Queen. 1874 Warehousemen & Drapers' Trade Jrnl. 9 May 220/2 Divining..that this Socialist factory was in straits, he took advantage of the situation. 1931 Economist 7 Feb. 283/1 The ‘socialist sector’ of agriculture now provides over 50 per cent. of the total grain supply. 1969 A. G. Frank Lat. Amer. (1970) xvii. 273 The outstanding examples of relative success with land reform are to be found in the socialist countries. 2002 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 35 85 Socialist colonies were intended to act as the nucleus of a new society to be reconstructed on the ruins of the old. Compounds C1. Compounds of the noun, with past participles forming adjectives, as socialist-controlled, socialist-dominated, socialist-inspired, socialist-ridden, etc. ΚΠ 1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad 69 It ought also to moderate that talk about French dualists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immortal. 1929 Times 16 Aug. 11/3 Mr. Moore, the Leader of the Opposition, appealed to the people of this Socialist-ridden State on a promise to substitute for Socialism ‘private effort and enterprise’. 1976 N. O'Sullivan Conservatism v. 124 There might be an appeal, in the form of a mass referendum, over the heads of a socialist-dominated House of Commons to the people. 1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 1 Nov. 3/3 There are many Socialist-controlled local authorities on which the dominant group doesn't give the opposition any places on any committees. 2007 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 25 Aug. d8 When economic liberalization came to India, after decades of socialist-inspired entropy, the country needed a new persona to symbolize new problems. C2. Compounds of the adjective. a. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘socialist and ——’, as socialist-democratic, socialist-feminist, socialist-rebel, etc. ΚΠ 1849 Times 2 May 6/1 He added that he was a Socialist Republican priest of that class denominated Red. 1870 Dubuque (Iowa) Daily Herald 4 Oct. The arrests effected yesterday in Brunswick were directed at the members of the Committee of the Socialist Democratic Working Men's Union. 1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia ii. 76 He immediately put on the socialist-workman indignation. 1952 E. Hobsbawm in Granta 15 Nov. 10/2 The Radical age of the 1820s and 1830s, and the mixed socialist-rebel age which overlapped the first world war. 1976 Women's Report Sept.–Oct. 17/1 They would like feedback from the last issue, articles from individuals and groups giving a socialist-feminist analysis of activities. 1992 J. M. Kelly Short Hist. Western Legal Theory x. 433 The injurious alternation of political power in a democracy between, broadly speaking, conservative and property regarding forces on the one hand, and socialist-redistributivist forces on the other. b. socialist chauvinist n. and adj. derogatory = social chauvinist n. and adj. at social adj. and n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1915 T. F. A. Smith What Germany Thinks vi. 149 On another page this Socialist-Chauvinist proclaims that ‘the freedom of the oppressed must be the work of the oppressed themselves’. 1919 A. Sirnis tr. V. Lenin Collapse of Second International x. 65 This group, the only one which had performed systematic work amongst the masses..turned Socialist-Chauvinist. 1970 Amer. Hist. Rev. 75 2087 Denouncing selfish and self-deluded German ruling classes and their socialist chauvinist lackeys. 1982 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 2 Apr. 19/2 It may be recalled that Alicia Alonso's Classical Ballet flourishes in Cuba much as it was disapproved of in the early days of the revolution by socialist chauvinists. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1793
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