smoothenv.

/ˈsmuːð(ə)n/

Etymology: < smooth adj. + -en suffix⁵.In frequent use c1820–30, especially by Landor.

1. transitive. To reduce the force, harshness, or violence of (something); to assuage, mollify, tone down (a passion, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > make less violent or severe [verb (transitive)]

temperc1000

keelc1175

slakea1300

abate?c1335

settle1338

swagea1340

modifyc1385

rebatea1398

bate1398

moder1414

releasea1425

remiss?a1425

moderate1435

alethe?1440

delaya1450

appal1470

addulce1477

mollify1496

mean?a1513

relent1535

qualify1536

temperatea1540

aplake1578

slack1589

relaxate1598

milden1603

mitigate1611

relax1612

alleniate1615

allay1628

alloy1634

castigate1653

smoothen1655

tendera1656

mitify1656

meeken1662

remitigate1671

obviscate1684

slacken1685

chastise1704

dulcify1744

absorb1791

demulceate1817

chasten1856

modulate1974

mediate1987

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxii. 207 Mulberies..smoothen the harshness of the throate.

1724 R. Welton Substance Christian Faith 403 The government of our appetites..must needs smoothen and civilize any temper.

a1825 H. Fuseli Lect. viii, in J. Knowles Life & Writings H. Fuseli (1831) II. 352 The general tone..smoothens the whirlwind that fluctuates on the foreground, and gives an air of temperance to the whole.

1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. II. vii. 439 [W. Penn] For the foundation of civility, it is requisite that all malignity be smoothened.

2. transitive. To make easy or plain; to clear (a way), to free from difficulty, obstruction, etc.; to lighten or lessen (a difficulty).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > find no difficulty in [verb (transitive)] > make easy or easier

favoura1440

easy1556

facilite1585

facilitate1599

facilize1607

accommodate1611

expedite1614

ease1632

smoothen1661

molliate1701

1661 J. Howell Twelve Several Treat. 375 To smoothen and faciliate things, thereby to open a passage, and pave the way to a happy peace.

1795 Ann. Reg., Hist. 108 [It] would have smoothened the road to a general pacification.

1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. I. xii. 408 That I may smoothen the path to arrangements of great advantage to thee.

1857 T. Flanagan Hist. R.C. Ch. Eng. II. 42 To smoothen matters to the uttermost Dr. Milner made an ample apology.

3. transitive.

a. To make (a surface, substance, etc.) smooth, level, even, calm, etc.; to free from roughness or inequality. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > make smooth [verb (transitive)]

smeethc1000

slipe1390

smoothc1440

sleck1530

explain1549

smooth1611

besmooth?1615

sleek1619

deglabrate1623

unruffle1629

smoothen1678

cleanse1680

smoothen1680

smooth1859

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iv. 73 [The paring-chisel's] office is..to pare off and smoothen the irregularities the Former [plane] made.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 106 He goes about to Flat and Smoothen the Face.

1772 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. I. 341 They..scraped off the burnt part of the wood, and smoothened the boat within.

1798 W. S. Landor Gebir in Wks. (1853) II. 490/1 There spreads a marble squared And smoothen'd.

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 354 The remarkable property of oil in smoothening the surface of the sea.

1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. ii. 91 In France..the sharp contour of their name [sc. Kennedy] was smoothened into Cenedy.

1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 61 Language that goes as easy as a glove O'er good and evil, smoothens both to one.

1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 142 Then we see the furrows smoothened on a stone wheel.

b. With away, back, down, off, out, over.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > make smooth [verb (transitive)]

smeethc1000

slipe1390

smoothc1440

sleck1530

explain1549

smooth1611

besmooth?1615

sleek1619

deglabrate1623

unruffle1629

smoothen1678

cleanse1680

smoothen1680

smooth1859

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 221 They cut down and smoothen away the Extuberances left by the Sharp-pointed Grooving Tool.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 111 Some may..cut-hedge and lawn adore, Which his shears have smoothen'd o'er.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 66 Oft I've seen thy little leg..Smoothen down thy silken sides.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 57 This [pile] is called the ‘cast-shadow’, and must not have its lower edge smoothened off.

1913 R. Kane Good Friday to Easter Sunday iii. 126 She may smoothen back His hair, thick and heavy with crimson moisture.

1945 N. Collins London belongs to Me ii. xx. 189 The sound which it made as he smoothened it out flat.

4. intransitive. To become smooth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > become smooth [verb (intransitive)]

unruffle1697

smooth1837

smoothen1888

1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery I. i. 15 His chest expanded, his skin smoothened.

Derivatives

smoothened adj.

/ˈsmuːð(ə)nd/

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [adjective] > made smooth

well-filed1525

smoothed1611

smoothened1818

stroked1890

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > [adjective] > smoothed or polished

polisheda1382

politea1398

burnishedc1400

rubbed?c1425

levigated1578

expolite1592

smoothened1818

1818 Blackwood's Mag. 4 45 Every bit of the smoothened, polished..body, thanks a different artist for its ornament.

1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. II. 61/2 I should be sorry to destroy..or even to remove the smoothened plank.

smoothening adj. and n.

/ˈsmuːð(ə)nɪŋ/

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [noun] > becoming smooth

smoothening1841

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [adjective] > making smooth

smoothing1495

smootha1596

smoothening1841

sleeking1873

1841 R. Browning Pippa Passes ii, in Bells & Pomegranates No. I 8/2 The soft-rinded smoothening facile chalk That yields your outline to the air's embrace.

1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 435 The first step in improvement gained from the chard beets was a smoothening of the root.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	smoothen
释义	smoothenv. /ˈsmuːð(ə)n/ Etymology: < smooth adj. + -en suffix⁵.In frequent use c1820–30, especially by Landor. 1. transitive. To reduce the force, harshness, or violence of (something); to assuage, mollify, tone down (a passion, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > make less violent or severe [verb (transitive)] temperc1000 keelc1175 slakea1300 abate?c1335 settle1338 swagea1340 modifyc1385 rebatea1398 bate1398 moder1414 releasea1425 remiss?a1425 moderate1435 alethe?1440 delaya1450 appal1470 addulce1477 mollify1496 mean?a1513 relent1535 qualify1536 temperatea1540 aplake1578 slack1589 relaxate1598 milden1603 mitigate1611 relax1612 alleniate1615 allay1628 alloy1634 castigate1653 smoothen1655 tendera1656 mitify1656 meeken1662 remitigate1671 obviscate1684 slacken1685 chastise1704 dulcify1744 absorb1791 demulceate1817 chasten1856 modulate1974 mediate1987 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxii. 207 Mulberies..smoothen the harshness of the throate. 1724 R. Welton Substance Christian Faith 403 The government of our appetites..must needs smoothen and civilize any temper. a1825 H. Fuseli Lect. viii, in J. Knowles Life & Writings H. Fuseli (1831) II. 352 The general tone..smoothens the whirlwind that fluctuates on the foreground, and gives an air of temperance to the whole. 1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. II. vii. 439 [W. Penn] For the foundation of civility, it is requisite that all malignity be smoothened. 2. transitive. To make easy or plain; to clear (a way), to free from difficulty, obstruction, etc.; to lighten or lessen (a difficulty). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > find no difficulty in [verb (transitive)] > make easy or easier favoura1440 easy1556 facilite1585 facilitate1599 facilize1607 accommodate1611 expedite1614 ease1632 smoothen1661 molliate1701 1661 J. Howell Twelve Several Treat. 375 To smoothen and faciliate things, thereby to open a passage, and pave the way to a happy peace. 1795 Ann. Reg., Hist. 108 [It] would have smoothened the road to a general pacification. 1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. I. xii. 408 That I may smoothen the path to arrangements of great advantage to thee. 1857 T. Flanagan Hist. R.C. Ch. Eng. II. 42 To smoothen matters to the uttermost Dr. Milner made an ample apology. 3. transitive. a. To make (a surface, substance, etc.) smooth, level, even, calm, etc.; to free from roughness or inequality. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > make smooth [verb (transitive)] smeethc1000 slipe1390 smoothc1440 sleck1530 explain1549 smooth1611 besmooth?1615 sleek1619 deglabrate1623 unruffle1629 smoothen1678 cleanse1680 smoothen1680 smooth1859 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iv. 73 [The paring-chisel's] office is..to pare off and smoothen the irregularities the Former [plane] made. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 106 He goes about to Flat and Smoothen the Face. 1772 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. I. 341 They..scraped off the burnt part of the wood, and smoothened the boat within. 1798 W. S. Landor Gebir in Wks. (1853) II. 490/1 There spreads a marble squared And smoothen'd. 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 354 The remarkable property of oil in smoothening the surface of the sea. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. ii. 91 In France..the sharp contour of their name [sc. Kennedy] was smoothened into Cenedy. 1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 61 Language that goes as easy as a glove O'er good and evil, smoothens both to one. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 142 Then we see the furrows smoothened on a stone wheel. b. With away, back, down, off, out, over. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > make smooth [verb (transitive)] smeethc1000 slipe1390 smoothc1440 sleck1530 explain1549 smooth1611 besmooth?1615 sleek1619 deglabrate1623 unruffle1629 smoothen1678 cleanse1680 smoothen1680 smooth1859 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 221 They cut down and smoothen away the Extuberances left by the Sharp-pointed Grooving Tool. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 111 Some may..cut-hedge and lawn adore, Which his shears have smoothen'd o'er. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 66 Oft I've seen thy little leg..Smoothen down thy silken sides. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 57 This [pile] is called the ‘cast-shadow’, and must not have its lower edge smoothened off. 1913 R. Kane Good Friday to Easter Sunday iii. 126 She may smoothen back His hair, thick and heavy with crimson moisture. 1945 N. Collins London belongs to Me ii. xx. 189 The sound which it made as he smoothened it out flat. 4. intransitive. To become smooth. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > become smooth [verb (intransitive)] unruffle1697 smooth1837 smoothen1888 1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery I. i. 15 His chest expanded, his skin smoothened. Derivatives smoothened adj. /ˈsmuːð(ə)nd/ ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [adjective] > made smooth well-filed1525 smoothed1611 smoothened1818 stroked1890 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > [adjective] > smoothed or polished polisheda1382 politea1398 burnishedc1400 rubbed?c1425 levigated1578 expolite1592 smoothened1818 1818 Blackwood's Mag. 4 45 Every bit of the smoothened, polished..body, thanks a different artist for its ornament. 1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. II. 61/2 I should be sorry to destroy..or even to remove the smoothened plank. smoothening adj. and n. /ˈsmuːð(ə)nɪŋ/ ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [noun] > becoming smooth smoothening1841 the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [adjective] > making smooth smoothing1495 smootha1596 smoothening1841 sleeking1873 1841 R. Browning Pippa Passes ii, in Bells & Pomegranates No. I 8/2 The soft-rinded smoothening facile chalk That yields your outline to the air's embrace. 1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 435 The first step in improvement gained from the chard beets was a smoothening of the root. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.1655
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