| 释义 |
smithyn. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic smiðja , Norwegian smidja , Old Swedish smidhia , smiþia (Swedish smedja ), Old Danish smithje (Danish smedie , smedie ), cognate with smithe n. Compare smith n.In Middle English this loanword can be difficult to distinguish from its inherited counterpart smithe n. Forms with final -e (e.g. smithe ) have been listed at the latter entry, although it is possible that some instances of this spelling belong here instead. The β. forms (with medial plosive) are usual in northern England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland (compare stithy n. (β. and γ. forms) and widdie n.). In sense 3 perhaps arising from misinterpretation of the following line from Longfellow as referring to a smith rather than his workshop:1840 H. W. Longfellow in Knickerbocker Nov. 419 Under a spreading chestnut tree The village smithy stands. 1. society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with metal > [noun] > forge or smithy α. a1250 (?a1200) (Titus) (1963) 19 (MED) Fram milne & fram cheping, from smiðie [?c1225 Cleo. smiðe, c1230 Corpus Cambr. smiððe] & ancres hus mon tiðindes bringes. a1325 (?c1300) (Cambr. Gg.1.1) l. 1391 A toke þe wei in to þe smithye [a1425 Cambr. Gg.5.31 smythy, a1450 Cambr. Dd.1.1 smythe, c1450 BL Add. smethi], A brac þe ire on þe stidie. a1400 (a1325) (Coll. Phys.) l. 23238 Als it war dintes of a stiþi Þat smiþis smitis in þair smiþi [a1400 Vesp. smeþey, a1400 Gött. smethi]. (Harl. 221) 461 Smythy, fabricia. 1496 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 289 Item, for bering of xxx waw of irn fra the marchant buthis to Thom Barkaris smythy, xlv d. 1546 in W. Page (1895) II. 247 One cotage or smythye and a garthyne. 1562 in J. Raine (1835) I. 207 The Smethey. One paire of bellowes [etc.]. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. 512 In the smithies where brasse is made and wrought. 1659 C. Hoole tr. J. A. Comenius lxvii. 141/1 The Black-Smith..in his Smithie..bloweth the fire with a pair of Bellowes. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Twelfth Bk. Metamorphoses in 434 His blazing Locks..hiss'd, like red hot Iron, within the Smithy drown'd. 1771 T. Smollett II. 150 Finding the tools of the defunct, together with some coals in the smithy. 1849 T. B. Macaulay II. ix. 486 It proved to be a moveable smithy, furnished with all tools and materials necessary for repairing arms and carriages. 1866 C. Kingsley I. vii. 194 They hammered away at each other merrily in the devil's smithy. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato I. 219 Not when I pass a smithy; for then the iron bars make a tremendous noise. 1916 J. Joyce v. 299 I go to..forge in the smithy of my soul the uncreated conscience of my race. 1985 S. Hood (1988) 141 Frank led the group to the smithy where they bargained with the blacksmith. 2008 in 56 107/2 The blacksmith in question is Walter Murphy,..who worked in the village smithy..for nearly seventy years until 1983. society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > furnaces for treating iron 1565 in T. West (1774) App. ix. The queen's majestie's woods..are like to fall into great decay..by reason of certain iron smithies there lately erected and demised. 1831 J. Holland I. 18 At the suppression of the bloomaries (or iron smithies) the tenants charged themselves with the payment of this rent. 1947 155 522/1 Thomas Goslyng viewed the site selected for the smithy, and also the mine at Snellshill, and liked the place for the smithy. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > working with iron or smithing 1804 W. Taylor in 3 541 Important inventions; as that of clothing, of fire, of smithy, of foundery. 1855 J. R. Leifchild 178 Details of the Expenses,..Smithy, Carpentry, and Sawing, £1,701 19 0. 1993 B. K. Sarma i. 67 They provide..employment to rural people and include..smithy, pottery, carpentry and woodwork. 2013 S. Otero i. 35 Africans and their children acquired specific skills like smithy and carpentry..that they then emphasized as a cultural legacy. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > one who 1847 Apr. 262/1 Was he some Smithy, grim and old, Whose anvil iron changed to gold. 1900 Jan. 36/2 The smithy and his mate opened their ‘establishment’ within a few hours of their arrival, and did a ‘roaring trade’. 1940 Miami Herald in (1941) 16 152/2 Miami Smithy: Olin M. Berry doesn't stand under a spreading chestnut tree, as did Longfellow's village blacksmith, but he is an old hand at..horse-shoeing. 1982 21 Nov. xi. 12/5 The main concern of a smithy is to make sure that his shoeing keeps a horse healthy. 2006 G. Craig xviii. 194 All through the morning and early afternoon, the smithy hammered and shaped and welded until he had executed the design. Compounds1373 in J. Raine (1854) 63 (MED) In domo fabri..ij paria de smythy tanges. 1469–70 in J. T. Fowler (1901) III. 642 Le Smethyhouse infra Abbathiam. 1495 in M. Oppenheim (1896) 158 Smythy Bellowes, ij payer. 1523 J. Skelton 762 Lyke a smythy kur. 1556 in F. Collins (1902) I. 73 My smithie geare. 1611 R. Cotgrave Escume de Mareschal, the refuse, or drosse of yron; smithie dust. 1677 in J. Barmby (1888) 241 Item for smiddy ashes, 1s. 1788 G. Turnbull 190 As ye blaw your smithy fire, Apollo may your wit inspire. 1842 R. Nicoll (ed. 2) 31 His grip was like a smiddy vice. 1882 Nov. 606/1 The lightning struck in at him, paling the smithy fire with its brief glare. a1903 J. Turner in (1903) IV. 645/1 A large machine similar in principle to a pair of smithy bellows, but worked by a steam-engine. 1986 C. K. Goldstein & I. H. Grade tr. C. Grade 93 She gazes through the smithy window at the sodden day outside. 2010 33 40 After finding out about her pregnancy, her father had wanted to kill her with a rod from his smithy fire. C2. society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > small, refuse, impure, or coal-dust 1482 in J. D. Marwick (1871) 169 Of ilk chaldir of smethy colis vi d. 1727 19 We have to answer those Demands, Salt, Salmon, Lead, and smithy Coal. 1858 6 78 Not less than three-fourths of the total extraction of the common smithy coal was furnished by this department. 2008 J. R. Travis vii. 205/2 Although fuel properties are not as critical as with the smelting process, smithy coal needs to be low in pyrites. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > processed resinous materials > [noun] > pitch > pitch-based materials 1611 in J. Barmby (1888) 161 Paide for beringe sand and smethie come to the same lyme, xij d. 1855 F. K. Robinson 160 Smithycome or Smitticome, the smith's iron dust or sweepings mixed with hot pitch as an impervious composition for the tops of wooden sheds. 1996 C. I. Macafee 315/1 Smiddy-coom, the ashes, dust, etc. of a smithy. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > working with iron or smithing a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) viii. vii. l. 107 The mychty god of fyre..to hys smyddy craft and forge hym spedis. 1617 in C. E. Whitelaw (1977) 260 The craft have admitted him to work in all the arts and science of smyddie craft. 1877 23 Mar. 184/3 His [sc. Sigurd's] education by Regin, the ‘master of masters’ in the smithy-craft. 2009 G. Gilman 386 As if mere smithy craft could scathe their woundless immortality. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > cinder > from a forge 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in 2nd Ser. I. 85 You cannot suppose that Harry Gow cares the value of a smithy-dander for such a cub as yonder cat-a-mountain? a1870 J. Ramsay (1871) 245 The natural consequences are a half-brick thundering after us..smithy danders, and various other missiles in rapid succession. 1451 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett (1882) V. 468 De le Smethylande ejusdem [sc. Falkland]. 1532 in J. M. Webster & A. A. M. Duncan (1953) 71 The landis of Orrok with..the smedy landis of the samyn. 1618 in J. Anderson (1879) 196 The smidie landis the toune and landis of Cluthimoir. 1881 A. J. Warden II. xiv. iv. 346 He received from the Earl the town of Alyth, with the brew lands,..the smithy land, and the mill of Alyth. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > limestone 1817 4 62 (table) Smiddy Lime. 1888 J. G. Baker (ed. 2) 10 (table) The rich mining tract of Alston Moor furnishes the following section of the beds of this series..Smiddy Lime. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > ironworker or blacksmith 1308 (P.R.O.: C 54/126) m. 19 Roberti Smythyman. c1440 (a1350) (Thornton) (1844) l. 410 A smethymane thus was he thore..And blewe thaire belyes bloo. 1634 P. Harris iv. 69 I know not whether Brontes the great Smithy man..could lay weightier stroakes upon his anvill. 1891 Dec. 138/2 He went on, and presently heard the sound of a smith's forge. He then asked the smithy men for food. 1994 G. Mackay Brown 25 Mr MacTavish spoke at great length—too long, most of the smithy-men thought. society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with metal > [noun] > forge or smithy > types of 1523 J. Fitzherbert ix. f. 9v Cutlersmylnes, smethymylnes, & all suche other. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials produced from metalworking > [noun] > slag or scoria 1813 Aug. 234 The iron in this process is reduced to the bluish black oxyd of iron exactly similar to finery cinder and smithy slack. 1902 S. Baring-Gould i. 9 Each worker has a frame of wood like a tall packing case before him, filled with smithy-slack. 1934 51 243/1 The cast articles were placed in cast-iron tubs which were filled up with either ground red hematite or more generally with smeltes scales (smithy slack). 1837 J. T. Smith tr. L. J. Vicat 1 Another looked upon smithy slag and iron-dross as the finest ingredients. 1881 M. B. Howitt 219 They were men who had gone on from youth hammering and filing away amid heaps of iron and smithy-slag, and never made any attempt at cleanliness except on a Sunday. 2003 B. L. Wallace in J. H. Barrett 219 A third room served as a smithy as shown by the presence of smithy slag inside and immediately outside. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials used in metallurgical processes > [noun] > water to cool heated irons a1533 Ld. Berners tr. (?1560) xviii. sig. Ciii [The water] was blacker than smythy water. 1744 B. Franklin Acct. New-invented Fire-places in (1960) II. 439 Even the Smithy Water in which hot Irons are quench'd, is found advantageous to the human Constitution. 1888 2 Mar. 19/1 Heat once more to a cherry red, and chill in water (old smithy water for preference, but it does not really matter), and rub the edge part bright on a stone. 2000 (Nexis) 11 Mar. (Travel section) 5 90-year-old Barney Devlin ready to talk the back leg off a brown cow..about the healing power of smithy water (‘great for curing warts’). 1658 T. Bromhall 12 He was busie at some Smithy-work he had in hand..whereat he snatch't a hot Iron from the fire. 1794 J. Sinclair XI. 192 No coal is used in this district but for smithy work. 1889 12 322/1 Then more smithy work, a jolly song by the master-smith whilst at work, and then it is time to cease. 2014 (Nexis) 16 Aug. 8 I learned how to do some smithy work including making iron tyres for wooden cart wheels. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). smithyv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: smithy n. Etymology: < smithy n. Compare earlier smith v.Earlier currency is perhaps implied by quot. c1449 at smithing n., although this may rather show a derivative of smith v. (see further discussion at smithing n.). Now chiefly historical. 1. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > forge or shape 1733 Shakespeare's Troilus & Cressida iv. vii. 139 in L. Theobald VII. 96 But, by the forge that smithied [1609 stichied, 1623 stythied] Mars his helm. 1839 A. Bywater (new ed.) 33 1st. He moods t' blade... 3rd. Then he smithies it. 1892 S. A. Brooke II. 27 A famous coat of mail that Weland the great forgeman had smithied. 1929 A. Clarke 19 Smithied in gloom the low day Had glowed upon the axle. 1993 N. L. Goodrich i. 30 We shall have smithied a scabbard so marvelous that it will be unique. 2005 W. E. Martin ii. 53 African Americans have forged a history, culture, and identity smithied out of freedom's imperatives. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > weld 1866 G. Stephens I. i. 185 In others only every other ring is riveted, the alternate ones being smithied together. c1920 J. R. R. Tolkien in C. Tolkien (1983) I. iv. 104 Those bands have never since been loosened from his hands and feet. Then the chain is smithied to each of these and Melko borne thus helpless away. 1998 A. D. Harvey 227 ‘Forged’, though better than ‘welded’..is very weak compared to zusammengeschmieden [sic], which suggests having been smithied together. 2012 K. Gibbs xiv. 118 A disc, again white hot, was smithied and welded over the centre or hub of the wheel on both sides. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (intransitive)] > work at forge 1733 L. Theobald VII. 96 To smithy, is, to perform the Work and Office of a Smith. 1866 G. W. Dasent 11 Gisli sat in the hall and smithied. c1920 J. R. R. Tolkien in C. Tolkien (1983) I. iv. 101 Now as Aulë smithied the Gods arrayed themselves in armour, which they had of Makar. Derivatives society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > beaten, forged, or wrought 1847 C. Mackay 11 Crowned with domes, that glittered in the fires Of the slant sun, like smithied silver bright. 1866 G. Stephens I. i. 185 Each clincht ring grasps four smithied and..each smithied grasps four riveted. 1982 11 23/2 In Fra Angelico, angels bear their smithied medallions effortlessly. 2012 K. Gibbs xiv. 118 A smithied wheel..was built up by a team of very skilled smiths. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > forging or shaping 1842 G. W. Dasent tr. 100 Their purpose in beginning the smithying of the tower [Icel. stǫpulsmíð] came to naught. 1886 P. Robinson 142 To do a bit of smithying up at the forge. 1934 E. Blunden 336 History's smithying should not disappear Without reverberation. 2013 (Nexis) 1 May (Lifestyle section) Heritage and contemporary crafts, from modern furniture and jewellery making to..smithying and Harris Tweed weaving. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1250 v.1733 |
