smithn.

Brit.

/smɪθ/, U.S.

/smɪθ/

Forms: Old English smeoð- (inflected form, rare), Old English smyð (rare), Old English–early Middle English smið, Old English–Middle English smiþ, Old English (rare)–Middle English smyþ, early Middle English smicht, early Middle English smys (in a compound; perhaps transmission error), early Middle English smyt, Middle English smethe, Middle English smeþ, Middle English smeyt, Middle English smithȝ, Middle English smitþ, Middle English smyght, Middle English smyȝht, Middle English smyȝt, Middle English smyt- (in compounds), Middle English smythþ, Middle English smytth, Middle English smyþe, Middle English–1500s smeth, Middle English–1500s smythe, Middle English–1600s smyth, Middle English– smith, 1500s–1600s smithe; N.E.D. (1912) also records a form Middle English smyð; also Scottish pre-1700 smeith, pre-1700 smieth, pre-1700 smyith, pre-1700 smyt, pre-1700 smytht.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian smith , smeth (West Frisian smid ), Old Dutch smith (in place names; Middle Dutch smit , smet , smid , Dutch smid ), Old Saxon -smið (in compounds; Middle Low German smit , smet ), Old High German smid , smit (Middle High German smit , smid- , German Schmied ), Old Icelandic smiðr (Icelandic smiður ) Norwegian smid , Old Swedish smedher , smedt , smiþer (Swedish smed ), Old Danish smeth , smith (Danish smed ), Gothic smiþa (in aizasmiþa coppersmith, with different inflectional class); further etymology unknown. Compare smithe n. and smith v.In the Germanic languages used to denote a skilled worker in metal; in the Scandinavian languages also used more generally to denote those who make or fashion various things (compare e.g. Old Icelandic skósmiðr shoemaker, ljóðasmiðr poet, lit. ‘poem-smith’; compare senses 1b and 2. In English, figurative uses in compounds (see sense 2) are attested earliest in Old English verse, as lārsmiþ teacher, counsellor (compare lore n.¹), tēonsmiþ evildoer, tormentor (compare teen n.¹), wīgsmiþ warrior (compare wi n.), etc. With the stem vowel in Middle English smeth, etc. compare β. forms at smith v. and discussion at that entry. Frequently used as a byname and surname since the Old English period, in a variety of forms; compare e.g. Ecceard Smið (second half of the 11th cent.), Ælfword þe Smith (first half of the 12th cent.), Thom. le smiz (1250), Rob. Smyte (1275), etc. However, surnames derived from this word are difficult to distinguish from those in smithe n. With smith ore n. at Compounds 1 perhaps compare smit n.¹ 4a, attested earlier in a similar sense.

a. A person who works skilfully with iron or other metals, making items by forging and hammering; esp. a blacksmith, a farrier. Also in figurative context. Formerly also occasionally: †a skilled worker in other arts or crafts (obsolete).black-, copper-, gold-, iron-, lock-, metal-, silver-, tin-, wiresmith: see the first element or separate main entries.In early evidence referring to Joseph, the husband of Mary (cf. quots. OE¹, a1225), the word does not mean ‘carpenter’, but rather translates classical Latin faber craftsman (see fabric n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > forger or smith

smithOE

smithier1379

forgerc1380

encloser1382

hammersmith1382

metalsmithc1384

fevera1450

hammerman1483

smithera1525

anvil-beater1677

metalworker1851

dinger1863

drummer1881

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xiii. 55 Nonne hic est fabri filius : ahne ðis is smiðes uel wyrihta sunu?

OE Beowulf (2008) 1452 Swa hine fyrndagum worhte wæpna smið.

lOE tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 141 He [sc. the devil] is smið, & his heorð is seo gedrefodnysse.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 51 He was buhsum ane deadliche manne, Iosepe ðe smiðe.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1206 (MED) Ich wot ȝef smiþes schal uuele clenche.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 1876 (MED) Þe laddes wode..beten on him so doth þe smith With þe hamer on þe stith.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 962 (MED) He was a Smith With Jupiter, which in his forge Diverse thinges made him forge.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 23238 Als it war dintes on a steþi Þat smythes smittes in a smeþey.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iii. xii. f. lxi The forge of a smythe.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxiii. 427 The Emperour..sente to seche a smyth to bynde hym in chaynes and feteres.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 187 A farrer or a smythe that shoeth horses.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 194 I saw a Smith stand with his hammer (thus) The whilst his Iron did on the Anuile coole.

1657 R. Baxter Call to Unconverted (1666) 187 Like the Smiths dog, that is brought by custom to sleep under the noise of the hammers.

1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 58 By incessantly following his Blow, the Smith can bring Heat into his Bar of Iron.

1785 W. Cowper Task v. 192 The first smith was the first murd'rer's son.

1803 T. Holcroft Hear Both Sides ii. 19 Every smith is a professed picklock; every mechanic a qualified house-breaker.

1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iii. ii. 407 The excellency of the ancient Celtic smiths.

1869 N. Amer. Rev. July 215 Every man is his own butcher and baker, his own tailor and carpenter, his own smith, and his own weapon-maker.

1943 S. Kingsley Patriots i. ii. 58 Shoe her at once, will you, smith?

1988 P. N. McNaughton Mande Blacksmiths ii. 27 The smith uses smaller adzes to work the object into its final form.

2014 Courier (Dundee) 24 Dec. (Perth & Perthshire ed.) 31/2 When shoeing a horse..the smith had a wooden box with all his hoof nails in as well as various rasps, files,..and hammers.

b. figurative. A person who fashions something non-material, such as an attribute, one's destiny, etc.Cf. also early figurative use in sense 2 (e.g. quots. OE¹, OE²); see discussion in etymology section.

ΚΠ

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 15701 (MED) A lady callyd Ryghtwysnesse, Smyth and also forgeresse Off al vertues..hem forgeth.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. i. 237 True, every man is, fortunæ suæ faber, the Smith to beat out his own fortunes.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 143 The Doves repented, tho' too late, Become the Smiths of their own Foolish Fate.

1838 B. von Arnim Diary of Child 130 Forsooth, thou art the smith of thy fortune, who forges it with the bold strong stroke of a hero.

1891 L. Gronlund Our Destiny (ed. 2) ii. 27 The delusion, that we are wholly the smiths of our own character, has filled our ‘moral’ men..with..anti-social pride.

1931 R. B. Cattell tr. E. Kretschmer Psychol. of Men of Genius ix. 148 Bismarck lives in the general consciousness as the figure of an old Teutonic knight. He is thought of as the smith of empire.

1990 E. Mount Professional Ethics in Context v. 112 The very scientific community that created the sinful nuclear power..can now be the smiths of our salvation.

2. As the second element in compounds, denoting a person who uses or makes with skill that specified by the first element.See also clocksmith n. at clock n.¹ and adv. Compounds 2, fingersmith n. at finger n. Compounds 2a, gunsmith n. 1, jawsmith n. at jaw n.¹ Compounds 2, jokesmith n., songsmith n., sword-smith n. at sword n. Compounds 5, tunesmith n., verse-smith n. at verse n. Compounds 3a(a), wordsmith n., etc.

ΚΠ

OE Cynewulf Elene 203 Þa se æðeling fand..þurh larsmiðas..on godes bocum hwær ahangen wæs..on rode treo rodora waldend.

OE Exodus 43 Wop wæs wide, worulddreama lyt. Wæron hleahtorsmiðum handa belocene.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxiii. 12 Þa wæron deofulgild deorce hæþenra golde and seolfre, þa her geara menn worhtan wigsmiðas [= idol-makers] wræste mid folmum.

1299 in G. Fransson Middle Eng. Surnames (1935) 153 Adam le Exsmyth [= axe-maker].

1323 Patent Roll, 17 Edward II, Part 1 (P.R.O.: C 66/159) m. 15 dorso Rogerus de Flerdon Bridelsmyth.

1446 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 116 Willelmus Routh..camsmyth.

1504 Will 23 Apr. in M. E. Grimwade Index of Probate Records Court of Archdeaconry of Sudbury (1984) ii. 465 Thomas Reve, sekyllsmyth, Haverhill.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 190 Vulcan..the..thunder-smith of..Iupiter.

1796 Aris's Birmingham Gaz. 30 Jan. in Birmingham Post (2000) (Nexis) 22 Jan. 54 On Saturday last the Rearing Feast of the new foundry..was given to the engine-smiths and all the other workmen employed in the erection.

1870 Sat. Rev. 5 Nov. 600/1 Our fathers would have called Shakspeare or Æschylus a playsmith in all honest reverence.

1892 W. E. Henley Song of Sword 5 The War-Thing, the Comrade, Father of honor And giver of kingship, The fame-smith, the song-master.

1950 R. M. Nicholls Secrets Double Action Shooting 15 Joe Rivers, the well-known pistolsmith of Connecticut.

1995 Select Mar. 98/1 Readers may like to know that regular letter-smith Tim recently appeared on Mastermind and came a creditable second in his heat.

2015 Time Out London 26 May (Jamie Oliver's Food Tube Mag.) 18/1 Expect masterclasses, great gin from the world's best ginsmiths and plenty of cocktails, too.

Compounds

C1.

smith coal n. now rare and chiefly historical coal broken in small pieces, suitable for use in a smith's forge; (also) †a piece of this (obsolete).Also called smith's coal, smithy coal.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > small, refuse, impure, or coal-dust

slackc1440

smith coal1466

smithy coal1482

coal dusta1529

panwood1531

smith's coal1578

kirving1599

culm1603

coom1611

small coal1643

smit1670

smut1686

slag1695

duff1724

duff coal1724

small1780

gum1790

stinking coal1803

cobbles1811

nubbling1825

stinkers1841

rubble1844

pea1855

nuts1857

nut coal1861

slap1865

burgee1867

smudge1883

waste1883

treble1901

coal smut1910

gumming1938

nutty slack1953

1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 333 (MED) My mastyr paid to Edward of Manytre for a chaldre of smythe cole, iij s.

1521 Maldon (Essex) Liber B f. 58 Due naves onerate cum Smythcoll.

a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xix. 153 In the place where this Mine standeth, do lye little Smith-coals above the ground.

1732 R. Robertson Detection State & Situation Sugar Planters 12 Coals from England (Fire-wood being now scarce in Barbadoes) and Smith-Coals.

1862 Rec. Internat. Exhib. 67/2 Nor, as far as size is concerned, is one likely to overlook the large masses of Smith coal, Rocky, and Park-end high delf, raised from collieries in H. M. forest of Dean.

1912 G. H. Gilbert et al. Subways & Tunnels N.Y. viii. 49 (table) Oil, waste, smith coal, etc.

2011 A. Pilbeam Gloucestershire 300 Years Ago xi. Coal was sold for domestic use as ‘fire coal’, to blacksmiths as ‘smith coal’ and ‘lime coal’ went to lime kilns for burning agricultural lime.

† smithman n. Obsolete an ironworker.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > refiner or smelter > of iron ore

smithman1408

1408–9 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1899) 14 519 In stipendio Johannis Gylle, smythman alias blomer.

smith ore n. now rare a brown, crumbly kind of iron ore; spec. a form of limonite from the Forest of Dean.

ΚΠ

1843 T. Sopwith Acct. Museum Econ. Geol. 39 There are..several pieces of black-brush and smith ore, from the Forest of Dean.

1859 Geologist 2 251 Ulverstone ‘raddle’, (anhydrous sesqui-oxide of iron), which, like the ‘smith-ore’ of the Forest of Dean, is always of equal value with the more solid products of the veins.

1905 F. W. Rudler Handbk. Coll. Minerals Brit. Islands 116 Three kinds of brown iron-ore are recognised in the Forest of Dean, namely: (1) Brush-ore..(2) Smith-ore, an incoherent form of limonite, often in a finely powdered condition, and less rich in iron than the brush ore. (3) Clod.

1946 G. E. Payne Physical, Social & Econ. Surv. & Plan ii. 39 Limonite..has a brownish yellow streak and when granular or pulverant it is termed ‘smith ore’.

smith shop n. chiefly U.S. (now historical) a smith's workshop; a smithy; = smith's shop n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1610 J. Dowland Treat. in R. Dowland Varietie of Lute-lessons sig. D2^v Passing by the Smith shops, hee heard the beating of their Hammers.

1755 in H. H. Metcalf & O. G. Hammond Probate Rec. New Hampsh. (1915) III. 705 The Corner where Geo. Warrens Smith Shop Stands.

1857 Trans. Illinois Agric. Soc. 2 360 As smithshops were almost unknown in the country, horses were seldom shod.

1911 H. A. Evans Cost keeping & Sci. Managem. vi. 85 The order for additional forges for the smith shop will be numbered 126XS.

2014 W. McKinney Roanoke Locomotive Shops iv. 57 Blacksmiths forged the driving rods and other components in the smith shop.

smith tool n. now historical and rare (chiefly in plural) a tool used in a smithy.

ΚΠ

1804 Adams Centinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 26 Sept. (advt.) A set of Smith tools, all kinds of farming Utensils.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. i. 7 He sends for his smith-tools.

1984 Britannia 15 130 (caption) Face/smith pot with applied face and smith tools.

† smith-water n. Obsolete rare water in which a smith has cooled hot iron; = smithy water n. at smithy n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials used in metallurgical processes > [noun] > water to cool heated irons

smith's water?a1425

smithy watera1533

smith-water?1541

?1541 R. Copland Formularye Aydes Apostemes in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Riv [To] be put with smyth water..tyll it be thycke.

† smith wife n. Obsolete a female smith; a smith's wife.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > forger or smith > woman

smith wifea1425

forgeressc1430

a1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 651/26 Fabrissa, smytwyfe.

a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 692/10 [Hec f]abrissa, a smyth wyfe.

C2. Compounds with smith's.

† smith's balm n. Obsolete rare a balm (genus Melissa) which was formerly used to dress cuts and other wounds made by iron implements.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > ironwort

stony sage1548

wall sage1548

ironwort1562

rock sage1562

smith's balm1597

glidewort1640

mountain ironwort1822

siderite1828

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 561 Smithes Bawme, or carpenters Bawme, is most singular to heale vp green wounds that are cut with iron; it cureth the rupture in short time.

smith's coal n. now chiefly historical coal broken in small pieces, suitable for use in a smith's forge.Also called smith coal, smithy coal.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > small, refuse, impure, or coal-dust

slackc1440

smith coal1466

smithy coal1482

coal dusta1529

panwood1531

smith's coal1578

kirving1599

culm1603

coom1611

small coal1643

smit1670

smut1686

slag1695

duff1724

duff coal1724

small1780

gum1790

stinking coal1803

cobbles1811

nubbling1825

stinkers1841

rubble1844

pea1855

nuts1857

nut coal1861

slap1865

burgee1867

smudge1883

waste1883

treble1901

coal smut1910

gumming1938

nutty slack1953

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 175 It groweth..whereas there hath bene myning for Iron and Smithes cole [Du. smee colen; Fr. charbons de mareschaux].

1719 J. Strachey in Philos. Trans. 1717–19 (Royal Soc.) 30 970 Under this again between five and six Fathom lies the Smith's Coal Vein, about a yard thick.

1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic 649 The fuel used is fine coal generally called ‘Smith's coal’ or ‘slack’.

1972 Econ. Hist. Rev. 25 43 All the new collieries produced either cannel or smith's coal, which alone could compete in the new coastal markets opened by the Douglas [sc. a canalized river].

2006 Yorks. Archaeol. Jrnl. 78 207 More valuable was the Smith's Coal from the Five Foot Seam, which Hardcastle sold to the value of £97 in 1781.

smith's craft n. now historical and rare the craft, art, or skill of a smith; work carried out or produced by a smith; = smithcraft n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > working with iron or smithing

smithcrafteOE

smith's crafta1387

ironwork1423

smithy crafta1522

smithery?1548

ferrary1598

smithy1804

ironmongery1810

blacksmithing1811

ironworking1828

blacksmithery1833

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 229 Tubalcain fonde first smythes craft [c1410 BL Add. smythcraft] and grauynge.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 69 A man may say they haue practised smithes craft all their lyfe.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. vi. §4. 86 Tubal and Tubalcain (inuentors of pastorage, smiths-craft, and musick).

1833 Penny Mag. 27 July 283/2 I had enough of smith's craft to repair it [sc. an iron handle] twice.

1941 Man 41 88/1 The paper discusses some of the earliest known appearances of smith's craft in Asia Minor and the Near East.

1980 V. Friedman et al. tr. B. I. Brodsky Art Treasures Moscow Museums 101 The exhibition of smiths' craft covers the period from the 17th till the 19th century.

smith's dust n. (also smiths' dust) now historical and rare iron particles, flakes, etc., produced as waste from the working of iron by smiths.

ΚΠ

1568–9 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 283 Sande and smythes dust, 2d.

1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 33 Smiths-Dust is either the Scales beaten off at the Anvil, or Iron Filings.

2000 D. Hopkins Art of Dyer, 1500–1700 36 From these three quotations, (the first two from the early 16th Century, the third from the late 17th Century), we see contradictory attitudes to Smiths' Dust or perhaps an advance in understanding.

smith's shop n. in later use chiefly U.S. (now historical) a smith's workshop; a smithy; = smith shop n. at Compounds 1.

ΚΠ

1566 J. Martiall Replie to Calfhills Blasphemous Answer iv. f. 115^v An eluish angrie beast, called a wesell,..coming to a smythes shop and finding a fyle, did lick it, and gnawe it.

1651 in D. G. Hill Dedham (Mass.) Rec. (1892) III. 179 Whensoever the said shopp shall be no longer vsed for a smithes shopp.., then it shall be remoued out of the high way.

1754 G. Washington Jrnl. 17 There are also several other Houses, such as Stables, Smiths Shop &c.

1913 Amer. Blacksmith Mar. 147/1 The smith's shop..gets the least and last consideration. Any place seems good enough.

2011 Odessa (Texas) Amer. 2 Sept. 1B/1 Pythagoras was walking by a smith's shop when he heard a relationship between the notes struck by workers' hammers.

† smith's water n. Obsolete water in which a smith has cooled hot iron; = smithy water n. at smithy n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials used in metallurgical processes > [noun] > water to cool heated irons

smith's water?a1425

smithy watera1533

smith-water?1541

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 186^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) Make ane electuarie þer off wiþ smythþes water.

?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ix. f. lv^v Iulep of roses wyth a lytle smythes water.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §84 Smiths water or other Metalline water.

1772 S. Freeman Farrier's Vade Mecum 55 Boil all these together in two Quarts of Smith's Water.

smith's work n. now rare work carried out or produced by a smith; cf. smith work n.

ΚΠ

1429 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1904) 15 151 (MED) j lod of colys v d. qwych he hepyth [read kepyth] in partie of payiement for..smethis werk.

1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 331 Iron-Axels, Hinges, Axes, and such like Smiths Work.

1866 Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. 284 This cost of smith's work would be done away with by the application of the shaping machine.

1961 J. M. Brownjohn tr. F. Arnau Three Thousand Years Deception in Art & Antiques iv. 138 A piece which has been..stamped from dies has no connection with smith's work.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

smithv.

Brit.

/smɪθ/, U.S.

/smɪθ/

Forms:

α. Old English smiþian, Old English smiðian, early Middle English smiþie (in prefixed forms), early Middle English smiðe, early Middle English smiðeȝe, early Middle English smiðie, Middle English smithie, Middle English smiþe, Middle English smythe, Middle English smythi, Middle English smythie, Middle English smythye, Middle English smyþe, Middle English smyþeie, 1500s– smith.

β. Old English smeoþed (past participle), Old English smeoþud (past participle), Old English smioða (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), early Middle English smeodðede (south-west midlands, past tense), early Middle English smeoþe (south-west midlands), early Middle English smeoðie (south-west midlands), early Middle English smeðe, Middle English smeþi, Middle English–1500s smethe.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Probably partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: smith n.

Etymology: Originally (i) cognate with West Frisian smeie , smeije , East Frisian (Wangeroog) smīthī , (Saterland) smíedje , North Frisian (Island: Föhr, Amrum) smethe , smeze , (Island: Sylt) smeedi , smeeri , (Mainland) smäre ), Old Dutch smithon (Middle Dutch smeden , Dutch smeden ), Old Saxon smiðon (Middle Low German smēden ), Old High German smidōn (Middle High German smiden , German schmieden ), Old Icelandic smíða , Norwegian smida , Old Swedish smidhia , smidha (Swedish smida ), Old Danish smedhæ , smedjæ , smidhæ (Danish smede ), Gothic gasmiþōn < the Germanic base of smith n. In later use probably (ii) independently < smith n.The β. forms reflect forms with Old English (non-West Saxon) back mutation of the stem vowel before a dental consonant; in Middle English perhaps partly also northern lengthening of i in open syllables. In Old English the prefixed form gesmiþian (compare y- prefix) is also attested in the senses ‘to forge, to fashion out of metal’; compare also asmiþian to forge, to fashion out of metal (a- prefix¹), besmiþian to strengthen or adorn (something) with metalwork (compare be- prefix).

Now chiefly historical.

a. transitive. To make, construct, or form (a metal weapon, iron implement, etc.) by forging and hammering.In quot. 1905: to weld by forging.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > forge or shape

smithOE

forgec1400

stithy1609

smithy1733

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 58 He..het him smiðian on smætum golde anre culfran anlicnysse.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 42 Ofte aful haȝer smið smeðeð aful wac knif.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 783 Wa wrðe auer þene smið þa þe mid honden smeodðede [emended in ed. to smeoððede; c1300 Otho smiþede].

?a1350 Guy of Warwick (BL Add.) (1974) l. 1308 (MED) Hys armes he haskes hastily..Better smythed war neuer no.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 574 A smyth..That in his forge smythed [c1415 Lansd. smyþeieþ] plogh harneys.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 116 To Smethe, fabricare, concudere.

1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. To Smith, smeden.

1833 T. Keightley Fairy Mythol. I. 258 Sigurd took the very best sword That the Dwarfs had ever smithed.

1905 Atlanta Constit. 7 May 6/3 The decree of the court provides that the handles of the wheelbarrow be smithed to the hand fetters of these criminal women.

1951 Afr. Music Soc. Newslet. No. 4. 26 The craftsman of the old days had only..a few gauges smithed and tempered by himself.

1992 New Yorker 11 May 29/3 Half the problem in smithing is that you always need peculiar tools, so you often have to smith them yourself before you can smith your work.

b. transitive. To make (iron or another metal) into a weapon, implement, etc., by forging and hammering. Also with into.

ΚΠ

c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 7* Homme forge fer et quiuere, M[an]. smethuth Irun and copur.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. iii. l. 305 (MED) Alle þat bereth baslarde..Shal be demed to þe deth but if he do it smythye In-to sikul or to sithe.

1934 Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 58 143 A large percentage of the iron came to colonial merchants from Great Britain.., and was ‘smithed’ as needed.

2014 C. Cobb et al. Chem. of Alchemy vii. 109 The book Pirotechnia begins with a description of ores and materials and then gives methods for assaying; smelting;..smithing gold, silver, iron, and pewter.

c. transitive. To treat by heating or hammering; spec. to hammer or beat (a blade, iron bar, etc.) after heating.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)]

swingc725

slayc825

knockc1000

platOE

swengea1225

swipa1225

kill?c1225

girdc1275

hitc1275

befta1300

anhitc1300

frapa1330

lushc1330

reddec1330

takec1330

popc1390

swapa1400

jod?14..

quella1425

suffetc1440

smith1451

nolpc1540

bedunch1567

percuss1575

noba1586

affrap1590

cuff?1611

doda1661

buffa1796

pug1802

nob1811

scud1814

bunt1825

belt1838

duntle1850

punt1886

plunk1888

potch1892

to stick one on1910

clunk1943

zonk1950

1451 (c1400) Vision of Tundale (Royal) (1893) l. 1077 Smethed [a1500 Adv. smyþyd; editorial text Hem tought, þai were not smethed inowe, But throwe a fire efte hem drowe].

1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 281 The whole [penknife blade] is then smithed, or smartly hammered after it has ceased to be soft.

1895 Work 12 Jan. 404/1 The blade end is heated and hammered over, or, as it is termed, ‘smithed,’ and finished.

1918 Amer. Artisan & Hardware Rec. 23 Mar. 30/2 The blades first being..tanged, smithed, hardened, and tempered, the table knife grinder grinds and finishes the blades.

2000 J. Henderson Sci. & Archaeol. Materials v. 232/2 The iron bloom needed to be smithed repeatedly, that is, it was heated until it became an orange yellow colour, and hammered in order to squeeze out the slag.

2. transitive. figurative. To create or refine, esp. as if by the work of a smith. Now rare.

ΚΠ

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 185 Cuderet [ut summus rerum molimina princeps] : smiðode.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 210 Al þis world is godes smið to smeoðien his icorene.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) lxxiii. 17 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 206 (MED) Þine es dai, and þine es nighte; Þou smiþed [L. fabricatus es] griking and sunne brighte.

1989 M. Dorris Broken Cord xi. 193 That larger reality, where victims are victims of victims in an endless linkage that's been smithed by history, by racism, by economics, by bad luck.

2001 Shaykh Uways bin Muḥammad al-Barāwī in Jrnl. Afr. Cultural Stud. 14 63 The master who has smithed the seal of existence.

3. intransitive. To work at a forge; to perform the work of a smith. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (intransitive)] > work at forge

smithc1275

forge1382

smitea1425

smithy1733

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15345 Brien enne smið funde þe wel cuðe smiðie.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cxxviii. 3 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 261 Ouer mi bak smithed sinful ai.

a1425 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Laud) (1884) cxxviii. §3. 447 Abouen my bak synful smythid.

1893 Month Feb. 198 Others sail-making, carpentering, smithing [etc.].

1977 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o Petals of Blood vii. 213 And how could she smith, make chains, pull wires, make beehives?

2006 D. Gilbert Stumbling on Happiness 234 For most of recorded history, people..did what their parents had done... Millers milled, smiths smithed.

Derivatives

ˈsmithed adj. made or formed by smithing.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > beaten, forged, or wrought

smithedOE

wrought1565

forged1621

well-metalled1644

planished1683

well-forged1689

smithied1847

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 92 Diadema, bend agimmed & gesmiðed.

1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Henry VIII c. 6 Preamble in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 904 Pynnes..shalbe double headed and..well smethed, the Shanke well shaven.

1859 Mech. Mag. 12 Aug. p. i/3 They would have the opportunity of a thorough insight..into..the manufacture of forged and roller iron of every description, smithed work, iron and brass founding, [etc.].

1941 Mariner's Mirror 27 193 The main bulwarks are of iron plating supported by smithed round iron stays.

1999 Circa No. 90. 40/3 The raw feel of the materials is epitomised in the forceful smithed iron and contrasting wood elements.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	smith
释义	smithn. Brit. /smɪθ/, U.S. /smɪθ/ Forms: Old English smeoð- (inflected form, rare), Old English smyð (rare), Old English–early Middle English smið, Old English–Middle English smiþ, Old English (rare)–Middle English smyþ, early Middle English smicht, early Middle English smys (in a compound; perhaps transmission error), early Middle English smyt, Middle English smethe, Middle English smeþ, Middle English smeyt, Middle English smithȝ, Middle English smitþ, Middle English smyght, Middle English smyȝht, Middle English smyȝt, Middle English smyt- (in compounds), Middle English smythþ, Middle English smytth, Middle English smyþe, Middle English–1500s smeth, Middle English–1500s smythe, Middle English–1600s smyth, Middle English– smith, 1500s–1600s smithe; N.E.D. (1912) also records a form Middle English smyð; also Scottish pre-1700 smeith, pre-1700 smieth, pre-1700 smyith, pre-1700 smyt, pre-1700 smytht. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian smith , smeth (West Frisian smid ), Old Dutch smith (in place names; Middle Dutch smit , smet , smid , Dutch smid ), Old Saxon -smið (in compounds; Middle Low German smit , smet ), Old High German smid , smit (Middle High German smit , smid- , German Schmied ), Old Icelandic smiðr (Icelandic smiður ) Norwegian smid , Old Swedish smedher , smedt , smiþer (Swedish smed ), Old Danish smeth , smith (Danish smed ), Gothic smiþa (in aizasmiþa coppersmith, with different inflectional class); further etymology unknown. Compare smithe n. and smith v.In the Germanic languages used to denote a skilled worker in metal; in the Scandinavian languages also used more generally to denote those who make or fashion various things (compare e.g. Old Icelandic skósmiðr shoemaker, ljóðasmiðr poet, lit. ‘poem-smith’; compare senses 1b and 2. In English, figurative uses in compounds (see sense 2) are attested earliest in Old English verse, as lārsmiþ teacher, counsellor (compare lore n.¹), tēonsmiþ evildoer, tormentor (compare teen n.¹), wīgsmiþ warrior (compare wi n.), etc. With the stem vowel in Middle English smeth, etc. compare β. forms at smith v. and discussion at that entry. Frequently used as a byname and surname since the Old English period, in a variety of forms; compare e.g. Ecceard Smið (second half of the 11th cent.), Ælfword þe Smith (first half of the 12th cent.), Thom. le smiz (1250), Rob. Smyte (1275), etc. However, surnames derived from this word are difficult to distinguish from those in smithe n. With smith ore n. at Compounds 1 perhaps compare smit n.¹ 4a, attested earlier in a similar sense. 1. a. A person who works skilfully with iron or other metals, making items by forging and hammering; esp. a blacksmith, a farrier. Also in figurative context. Formerly also occasionally: †a skilled worker in other arts or crafts (obsolete).black-, copper-, gold-, iron-, lock-, metal-, silver-, tin-, wiresmith: see the first element or separate main entries.In early evidence referring to Joseph, the husband of Mary (cf. quots. OE¹, a1225), the word does not mean ‘carpenter’, but rather translates classical Latin faber craftsman (see fabric n.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > forger or smith smithOE smithier1379 forgerc1380 encloser1382 hammersmith1382 metalsmithc1384 fevera1450 hammerman1483 smithera1525 anvil-beater1677 metalworker1851 dinger1863 drummer1881 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xiii. 55 Nonne hic est fabri filius : ahne ðis is smiðes uel wyrihta sunu? OE Beowulf (2008) 1452 Swa hine fyrndagum worhte wæpna smið. lOE tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 141 He [sc. the devil] is smið, & his heorð is seo gedrefodnysse. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 51 He was buhsum ane deadliche manne, Iosepe ðe smiðe. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1206 (MED) Ich wot ȝef smiþes schal uuele clenche. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 1876 (MED) Þe laddes wode..beten on him so doth þe smith With þe hamer on þe stith. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 962 (MED) He was a Smith With Jupiter, which in his forge Diverse thinges made him forge. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 23238 Als it war dintes on a steþi Þat smythes smittes in a smeþey. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iii. xii. f. lxi The forge of a smythe. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxiii. 427 The Emperour..sente to seche a smyth to bynde hym in chaynes and feteres. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 187 A farrer or a smythe that shoeth horses. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 194 I saw a Smith stand with his hammer (thus) The whilst his Iron did on the Anuile coole. View more context for this quotation 1657 R. Baxter Call to Unconverted (1666) 187 Like the Smiths dog, that is brought by custom to sleep under the noise of the hammers. 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 58 By incessantly following his Blow, the Smith can bring Heat into his Bar of Iron. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 192 The first smith was the first murd'rer's son. 1803 T. Holcroft Hear Both Sides ii. 19 Every smith is a professed picklock; every mechanic a qualified house-breaker. 1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iii. ii. 407 The excellency of the ancient Celtic smiths. 1869 N. Amer. Rev. July 215 Every man is his own butcher and baker, his own tailor and carpenter, his own smith, and his own weapon-maker. 1943 S. Kingsley Patriots i. ii. 58 Shoe her at once, will you, smith? 1988 P. N. McNaughton Mande Blacksmiths ii. 27 The smith uses smaller adzes to work the object into its final form. 2014 Courier (Dundee) 24 Dec. (Perth & Perthshire ed.) 31/2 When shoeing a horse..the smith had a wooden box with all his hoof nails in as well as various rasps, files,..and hammers. b. figurative. A person who fashions something non-material, such as an attribute, one's destiny, etc.Cf. also early figurative use in sense 2 (e.g. quots. OE¹, OE²); see discussion in etymology section. ΚΠ a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 15701 (MED) A lady callyd Ryghtwysnesse, Smyth and also forgeresse Off al vertues..hem forgeth. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. i. 237 True, every man is, fortunæ suæ faber, the Smith to beat out his own fortunes. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 143 The Doves repented, tho' too late, Become the Smiths of their own Foolish Fate. 1838 B. von Arnim Diary of Child 130 Forsooth, thou art the smith of thy fortune, who forges it with the bold strong stroke of a hero. 1891 L. Gronlund Our Destiny (ed. 2) ii. 27 The delusion, that we are wholly the smiths of our own character, has filled our ‘moral’ men..with..anti-social pride. 1931 R. B. Cattell tr. E. Kretschmer Psychol. of Men of Genius ix. 148 Bismarck lives in the general consciousness as the figure of an old Teutonic knight. He is thought of as the smith of empire. 1990 E. Mount Professional Ethics in Context v. 112 The very scientific community that created the sinful nuclear power..can now be the smiths of our salvation. 2. As the second element in compounds, denoting a person who uses or makes with skill that specified by the first element.See also clocksmith n. at clock n.¹ and adv. Compounds 2, fingersmith n. at finger n. Compounds 2a, gunsmith n. 1, jawsmith n. at jaw n.¹ Compounds 2, jokesmith n., songsmith n., sword-smith n. at sword n. Compounds 5, tunesmith n., verse-smith n. at verse n. Compounds 3a(a), wordsmith n., etc. ΚΠ OE Cynewulf Elene 203 Þa se æðeling fand..þurh larsmiðas..on godes bocum hwær ahangen wæs..on rode treo rodora waldend. OE Exodus 43 Wop wæs wide, worulddreama lyt. Wæron hleahtorsmiðum handa belocene. OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxiii. 12 Þa wæron deofulgild deorce hæþenra golde and seolfre, þa her geara menn worhtan wigsmiðas [= idol-makers] wræste mid folmum. 1299 in G. Fransson Middle Eng. Surnames (1935) 153 Adam le Exsmyth [= axe-maker]. 1323 Patent Roll, 17 Edward II, Part 1 (P.R.O.: C 66/159) m. 15 dorso Rogerus de Flerdon Bridelsmyth. 1446 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 116 Willelmus Routh..camsmyth. 1504 Will 23 Apr. in M. E. Grimwade Index of Probate Records Court of Archdeaconry of Sudbury (1984) ii. 465 Thomas Reve, sekyllsmyth, Haverhill. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 190 Vulcan..the..thunder-smith of..Iupiter. 1796 Aris's Birmingham Gaz. 30 Jan. in Birmingham Post (2000) (Nexis) 22 Jan. 54 On Saturday last the Rearing Feast of the new foundry..was given to the engine-smiths and all the other workmen employed in the erection. 1870 Sat. Rev. 5 Nov. 600/1 Our fathers would have called Shakspeare or Æschylus a playsmith in all honest reverence. 1892 W. E. Henley Song of Sword 5 The War-Thing, the Comrade, Father of honor And giver of kingship, The fame-smith, the song-master. 1950 R. M. Nicholls Secrets Double Action Shooting 15 Joe Rivers, the well-known pistolsmith of Connecticut. 1995 Select Mar. 98/1 Readers may like to know that regular letter-smith Tim recently appeared on Mastermind and came a creditable second in his heat. 2015 Time Out London 26 May (Jamie Oliver's Food Tube Mag.) 18/1 Expect masterclasses, great gin from the world's best ginsmiths and plenty of cocktails, too. Compounds C1. smith coal n. now rare and chiefly historical coal broken in small pieces, suitable for use in a smith's forge; (also) †a piece of this (obsolete).Also called smith's coal, smithy coal. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > small, refuse, impure, or coal-dust slackc1440 smith coal1466 smithy coal1482 coal dusta1529 panwood1531 smith's coal1578 kirving1599 culm1603 coom1611 small coal1643 smit1670 smut1686 slag1695 duff1724 duff coal1724 small1780 gum1790 stinking coal1803 cobbles1811 nubbling1825 stinkers1841 rubble1844 pea1855 nuts1857 nut coal1861 slap1865 burgee1867 smudge1883 waste1883 treble1901 coal smut1910 gumming1938 nutty slack1953 1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 333 (MED) My mastyr paid to Edward of Manytre for a chaldre of smythe cole, iij s. 1521 Maldon (Essex) Liber B f. 58 Due naves onerate cum Smythcoll. a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xix. 153 In the place where this Mine standeth, do lye little Smith-coals above the ground. 1732 R. Robertson Detection State & Situation Sugar Planters 12 Coals from England (Fire-wood being now scarce in Barbadoes) and Smith-Coals. 1862 Rec. Internat. Exhib. 67/2 Nor, as far as size is concerned, is one likely to overlook the large masses of Smith coal, Rocky, and Park-end high delf, raised from collieries in H. M. forest of Dean. 1912 G. H. Gilbert et al. Subways & Tunnels N.Y. viii. 49 (table) Oil, waste, smith coal, etc. 2011 A. Pilbeam Gloucestershire 300 Years Ago xi. Coal was sold for domestic use as ‘fire coal’, to blacksmiths as ‘smith coal’ and ‘lime coal’ went to lime kilns for burning agricultural lime. † smithman n. Obsolete an ironworker. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > refiner or smelter > of iron ore smithman1408 1408–9 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1899) 14 519 In stipendio Johannis Gylle, smythman alias blomer. smith ore n. now rare a brown, crumbly kind of iron ore; spec. a form of limonite from the Forest of Dean. ΚΠ 1843 T. Sopwith Acct. Museum Econ. Geol. 39 There are..several pieces of black-brush and smith ore, from the Forest of Dean. 1859 Geologist 2 251 Ulverstone ‘raddle’, (anhydrous sesqui-oxide of iron), which, like the ‘smith-ore’ of the Forest of Dean, is always of equal value with the more solid products of the veins. 1905 F. W. Rudler Handbk. Coll. Minerals Brit. Islands 116 Three kinds of brown iron-ore are recognised in the Forest of Dean, namely: (1) Brush-ore..(2) Smith-ore, an incoherent form of limonite, often in a finely powdered condition, and less rich in iron than the brush ore. (3) Clod. 1946 G. E. Payne Physical, Social & Econ. Surv. & Plan ii. 39 Limonite..has a brownish yellow streak and when granular or pulverant it is termed ‘smith ore’. smith shop n. chiefly U.S. (now historical) a smith's workshop; a smithy; = smith's shop n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1610 J. Dowland Treat. in R. Dowland Varietie of Lute-lessons sig. D2^v Passing by the Smith shops, hee heard the beating of their Hammers. 1755 in H. H. Metcalf & O. G. Hammond Probate Rec. New Hampsh. (1915) III. 705 The Corner where Geo. Warrens Smith Shop Stands. 1857 Trans. Illinois Agric. Soc. 2 360 As smithshops were almost unknown in the country, horses were seldom shod. 1911 H. A. Evans Cost keeping & Sci. Managem. vi. 85 The order for additional forges for the smith shop will be numbered 126XS. 2014 W. McKinney Roanoke Locomotive Shops iv. 57 Blacksmiths forged the driving rods and other components in the smith shop. smith tool n. now historical and rare (chiefly in plural) a tool used in a smithy. ΚΠ 1804 Adams Centinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 26 Sept. (advt.) A set of Smith tools, all kinds of farming Utensils. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. i. 7 He sends for his smith-tools. 1984 Britannia 15 130 (caption) Face/smith pot with applied face and smith tools. † smith-water n. Obsolete rare water in which a smith has cooled hot iron; = smithy water n. at smithy n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials used in metallurgical processes > [noun] > water to cool heated irons smith's water?a1425 smithy watera1533 smith-water?1541 ?1541 R. Copland Formularye Aydes Apostemes in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Riv [To] be put with smyth water..tyll it be thycke. † smith wife n. Obsolete a female smith; a smith's wife. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > forger or smith > woman smith wifea1425 forgeressc1430 a1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 651/26 Fabrissa, smytwyfe. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 692/10 [Hec f]abrissa, a smyth wyfe. C2. Compounds with smith's. † smith's balm n. Obsolete rare a balm (genus Melissa) which was formerly used to dress cuts and other wounds made by iron implements. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > ironwort stony sage1548 wall sage1548 ironwort1562 rock sage1562 smith's balm1597 glidewort1640 mountain ironwort1822 siderite1828 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 561 Smithes Bawme, or carpenters Bawme, is most singular to heale vp green wounds that are cut with iron; it cureth the rupture in short time. smith's coal n. now chiefly historical coal broken in small pieces, suitable for use in a smith's forge.Also called smith coal, smithy coal. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > small, refuse, impure, or coal-dust slackc1440 smith coal1466 smithy coal1482 coal dusta1529 panwood1531 smith's coal1578 kirving1599 culm1603 coom1611 small coal1643 smit1670 smut1686 slag1695 duff1724 duff coal1724 small1780 gum1790 stinking coal1803 cobbles1811 nubbling1825 stinkers1841 rubble1844 pea1855 nuts1857 nut coal1861 slap1865 burgee1867 smudge1883 waste1883 treble1901 coal smut1910 gumming1938 nutty slack1953 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 175 It groweth..whereas there hath bene myning for Iron and Smithes cole [Du. smee colen; Fr. charbons de mareschaux]. 1719 J. Strachey in Philos. Trans. 1717–19 (Royal Soc.) 30 970 Under this again between five and six Fathom lies the Smith's Coal Vein, about a yard thick. 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic 649 The fuel used is fine coal generally called ‘Smith's coal’ or ‘slack’. 1972 Econ. Hist. Rev. 25 43 All the new collieries produced either cannel or smith's coal, which alone could compete in the new coastal markets opened by the Douglas [sc. a canalized river]. 2006 Yorks. Archaeol. Jrnl. 78 207 More valuable was the Smith's Coal from the Five Foot Seam, which Hardcastle sold to the value of £97 in 1781. smith's craft n. now historical and rare the craft, art, or skill of a smith; work carried out or produced by a smith; = smithcraft n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > working with iron or smithing smithcrafteOE smith's crafta1387 ironwork1423 smithy crafta1522 smithery?1548 ferrary1598 smithy1804 ironmongery1810 blacksmithing1811 ironworking1828 blacksmithery1833 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 229 Tubalcain fonde first smythes craft [c1410 BL Add. smythcraft] and grauynge. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 69 A man may say they haue practised smithes craft all their lyfe. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. vi. §4. 86 Tubal and Tubalcain (inuentors of pastorage, smiths-craft, and musick). 1833 Penny Mag. 27 July 283/2 I had enough of smith's craft to repair it [sc. an iron handle] twice. 1941 Man 41 88/1 The paper discusses some of the earliest known appearances of smith's craft in Asia Minor and the Near East. 1980 V. Friedman et al. tr. B. I. Brodsky Art Treasures Moscow Museums 101 The exhibition of smiths' craft covers the period from the 17th till the 19th century. smith's dust n. (also smiths' dust) now historical and rare iron particles, flakes, etc., produced as waste from the working of iron by smiths. ΚΠ 1568–9 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 283 Sande and smythes dust, 2d. 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 33 Smiths-Dust is either the Scales beaten off at the Anvil, or Iron Filings. 2000 D. Hopkins Art of Dyer, 1500–1700 36 From these three quotations, (the first two from the early 16th Century, the third from the late 17th Century), we see contradictory attitudes to Smiths' Dust or perhaps an advance in understanding. smith's shop n. in later use chiefly U.S. (now historical) a smith's workshop; a smithy; = smith shop n. at Compounds 1. ΚΠ 1566 J. Martiall Replie to Calfhills Blasphemous Answer iv. f. 115^v An eluish angrie beast, called a wesell,..coming to a smythes shop and finding a fyle, did lick it, and gnawe it. 1651 in D. G. Hill Dedham (Mass.) Rec. (1892) III. 179 Whensoever the said shopp shall be no longer vsed for a smithes shopp.., then it shall be remoued out of the high way. 1754 G. Washington Jrnl. 17 There are also several other Houses, such as Stables, Smiths Shop &c. 1913 Amer. Blacksmith Mar. 147/1 The smith's shop..gets the least and last consideration. Any place seems good enough. 2011 Odessa (Texas) Amer. 2 Sept. 1B/1 Pythagoras was walking by a smith's shop when he heard a relationship between the notes struck by workers' hammers. † smith's water n. Obsolete water in which a smith has cooled hot iron; = smithy water n. at smithy n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials used in metallurgical processes > [noun] > water to cool heated irons smith's water?a1425 smithy watera1533 smith-water?1541 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 186^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) Make ane electuarie þer off wiþ smythþes water. ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ix. f. lv^v Iulep of roses wyth a lytle smythes water. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §84 Smiths water or other Metalline water. 1772 S. Freeman Farrier's Vade Mecum 55 Boil all these together in two Quarts of Smith's Water. smith's work n. now rare work carried out or produced by a smith; cf. smith work n. ΚΠ 1429 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1904) 15 151 (MED) j lod of colys v d. qwych he hepyth [read kepyth] in partie of payiement for..smethis werk. 1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 331 Iron-Axels, Hinges, Axes, and such like Smiths Work. 1866 Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. 284 This cost of smith's work would be done away with by the application of the shaping machine. 1961 J. M. Brownjohn tr. F. Arnau Three Thousand Years Deception in Art & Antiques iv. 138 A piece which has been..stamped from dies has no connection with smith's work. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). smithv. Brit. /smɪθ/, U.S. /smɪθ/ Forms: α. Old English smiþian, Old English smiðian, early Middle English smiþie (in prefixed forms), early Middle English smiðe, early Middle English smiðeȝe, early Middle English smiðie, Middle English smithie, Middle English smiþe, Middle English smythe, Middle English smythi, Middle English smythie, Middle English smythye, Middle English smyþe, Middle English smyþeie, 1500s– smith. β. Old English smeoþed (past participle), Old English smeoþud (past participle), Old English smioða (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), early Middle English smeodðede (south-west midlands, past tense), early Middle English smeoþe (south-west midlands), early Middle English smeoðie (south-west midlands), early Middle English smeðe, Middle English smeþi, Middle English–1500s smethe. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Probably partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: smith n. Etymology: Originally (i) cognate with West Frisian smeie , smeije , East Frisian (Wangeroog) smīthī , (Saterland) smíedje , North Frisian (Island: Föhr, Amrum) smethe , smeze , (Island: Sylt) smeedi , smeeri , (Mainland) smäre ), Old Dutch smithon (Middle Dutch smeden , Dutch smeden ), Old Saxon smiðon (Middle Low German smēden ), Old High German smidōn (Middle High German smiden , German schmieden ), Old Icelandic smíða , Norwegian smida , Old Swedish smidhia , smidha (Swedish smida ), Old Danish smedhæ , smedjæ , smidhæ (Danish smede ), Gothic gasmiþōn < the Germanic base of smith n. In later use probably (ii) independently < smith n.The β. forms reflect forms with Old English (non-West Saxon) back mutation of the stem vowel before a dental consonant; in Middle English perhaps partly also northern lengthening of i in open syllables. In Old English the prefixed form gesmiþian (compare y- prefix) is also attested in the senses ‘to forge, to fashion out of metal’; compare also asmiþian to forge, to fashion out of metal (a- prefix¹), besmiþian to strengthen or adorn (something) with metalwork (compare be- prefix). Now chiefly historical. 1. a. transitive. To make, construct, or form (a metal weapon, iron implement, etc.) by forging and hammering.In quot. 1905: to weld by forging. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > forge or shape smithOE forgec1400 stithy1609 smithy1733 OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 58 He..het him smiðian on smætum golde anre culfran anlicnysse. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 42 Ofte aful haȝer smið smeðeð aful wac knif. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 783 Wa wrðe auer þene smið þa þe mid honden smeodðede [emended in ed. to smeoððede; c1300 Otho smiþede]. ?a1350 Guy of Warwick (BL Add.) (1974) l. 1308 (MED) Hys armes he haskes hastily..Better smythed war neuer no. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 574 A smyth..That in his forge smythed [c1415 Lansd. smyþeieþ] plogh harneys. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 116 To Smethe, fabricare, concudere. 1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. To Smith, smeden. 1833 T. Keightley Fairy Mythol. I. 258 Sigurd took the very best sword That the Dwarfs had ever smithed. 1905 Atlanta Constit. 7 May 6/3 The decree of the court provides that the handles of the wheelbarrow be smithed to the hand fetters of these criminal women. 1951 Afr. Music Soc. Newslet. No. 4. 26 The craftsman of the old days had only..a few gauges smithed and tempered by himself. 1992 New Yorker 11 May 29/3 Half the problem in smithing is that you always need peculiar tools, so you often have to smith them yourself before you can smith your work. b. transitive. To make (iron or another metal) into a weapon, implement, etc., by forging and hammering. Also with into. ΚΠ c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 7* Homme forge fer et quiuere, M[an]. smethuth Irun and copur. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. iii. l. 305 (MED) Alle þat bereth baslarde..Shal be demed to þe deth but if he do it smythye In-to sikul or to sithe. 1934 Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 58 143 A large percentage of the iron came to colonial merchants from Great Britain.., and was ‘smithed’ as needed. 2014 C. Cobb et al. Chem. of Alchemy vii. 109 The book Pirotechnia begins with a description of ores and materials and then gives methods for assaying; smelting;..smithing gold, silver, iron, and pewter. c. transitive. To treat by heating or hammering; spec. to hammer or beat (a blade, iron bar, etc.) after heating. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] swingc725 slayc825 knockc1000 platOE swengea1225 swipa1225 kill?c1225 girdc1275 hitc1275 befta1300 anhitc1300 frapa1330 lushc1330 reddec1330 takec1330 popc1390 swapa1400 jod?14.. quella1425 suffetc1440 smith1451 nolpc1540 bedunch1567 percuss1575 noba1586 affrap1590 cuff?1611 doda1661 buffa1796 pug1802 nob1811 scud1814 bunt1825 belt1838 duntle1850 punt1886 plunk1888 potch1892 to stick one on1910 clunk1943 zonk1950 1451 (c1400) Vision of Tundale (Royal) (1893) l. 1077 Smethed [a1500 Adv. smyþyd; editorial text Hem tought, þai were not smethed inowe, But throwe a fire efte hem drowe]. 1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 281 The whole [penknife blade] is then smithed, or smartly hammered after it has ceased to be soft. 1895 Work 12 Jan. 404/1 The blade end is heated and hammered over, or, as it is termed, ‘smithed,’ and finished. 1918 Amer. Artisan & Hardware Rec. 23 Mar. 30/2 The blades first being..tanged, smithed, hardened, and tempered, the table knife grinder grinds and finishes the blades. 2000 J. Henderson Sci. & Archaeol. Materials v. 232/2 The iron bloom needed to be smithed repeatedly, that is, it was heated until it became an orange yellow colour, and hammered in order to squeeze out the slag. 2. transitive. figurative. To create or refine, esp. as if by the work of a smith. Now rare. ΚΠ eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 185 Cuderet [ut summus rerum molimina princeps] : smiðode. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 210 Al þis world is godes smið to smeoðien his icorene. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) lxxiii. 17 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 206 (MED) Þine es dai, and þine es nighte; Þou smiþed [L. fabricatus es] griking and sunne brighte. 1989 M. Dorris Broken Cord xi. 193 That larger reality, where victims are victims of victims in an endless linkage that's been smithed by history, by racism, by economics, by bad luck. 2001 Shaykh Uways bin Muḥammad al-Barāwī in Jrnl. Afr. Cultural Stud. 14 63 The master who has smithed the seal of existence. 3. intransitive. To work at a forge; to perform the work of a smith. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (intransitive)] > work at forge smithc1275 forge1382 smitea1425 smithy1733 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15345 Brien enne smið funde þe wel cuðe smiðie. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cxxviii. 3 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 261 Ouer mi bak smithed sinful ai. a1425 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Laud) (1884) cxxviii. §3. 447 Abouen my bak synful smythid. 1893 Month Feb. 198 Others sail-making, carpentering, smithing [etc.]. 1977 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o Petals of Blood vii. 213 And how could she smith, make chains, pull wires, make beehives? 2006 D. Gilbert Stumbling on Happiness 234 For most of recorded history, people..did what their parents had done... Millers milled, smiths smithed. Derivatives ˈsmithed adj. made or formed by smithing. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > beaten, forged, or wrought smithedOE wrought1565 forged1621 well-metalled1644 planished1683 well-forged1689 smithied1847 OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 92 Diadema, bend agimmed & gesmiðed. 1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Henry VIII c. 6 Preamble in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 904 Pynnes..shalbe double headed and..well smethed, the Shanke well shaven. 1859 Mech. Mag. 12 Aug. p. i/3 They would have the opportunity of a thorough insight..into..the manufacture of forged and roller iron of every description, smithed work, iron and brass founding, [etc.]. 1941 Mariner's Mirror 27 193 The main bulwarks are of iron plating supported by smithed round iron stays. 1999 Circa No. 90. 40/3 The raw feel of the materials is epitomised in the forceful smithed iron and contrasting wood elements. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OEv.eOE
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