black watern.

Brit.

/ˈblak ˌwɔːtə/, U.S.

/ˈblæk ˌwɑdər/,

/ˈblæk ˌwɔdər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., water n.

Etymology: < black adj. + water n. With sense 2 compare water n. 17 and earlier redwater n. 1. In sense 1b after Hindi kālā pānī overseas exile, transportation (especially to the former British penal colony on the Andaman Islands), lit. ‘dark water’, perhaps originally with reference to the appearance of the sea around the Andaman Islands, reinterpreted by Europeans as a (taboo avoidance) word used for the sea more generally. With sense 3 compare French fièvre bilieuse mélanurique (see melanuric adj.²).Attested earlier as a river name, with reference either to dark, muddy water (compare sense 1a) or to a dark river bed, a deep valley, or the like, as la Blakewatere, Hampshire and Berkshire (1279 or earlier; now Blackwater), le Blak Water, Essex (1477; now Blackwater; also Pant), etc.

a. Dark water or waters stained brown or black by peat or other plant material; a river or stream containing such water, (in later use) spec. one flowing through a tropical forest growing on a nutrient-poor soil (in which the tannin and phenol content of foliage tends to be very high). Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > other

well streamOE

letch1138

well strandc1429

pow1481

black water1483

wash1530

gravel-brook1591

spring branch1650

pour1790

water splash1820

chalk stream1829

understream1830

water feeder1831

quebrada1833

black spring1847

weir-stream1889

obsequent1895

anti-dip1900

resequent1901

misfit1910

1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation xvii In the lower parte of the seyde valeye was a full brode ponde of horrabull blake watyr.

1651 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 67. 1018 Col. Elsing..was forced to lodge in some Cabbines in a Wood, near the blacke water in Oculans Country.

1676 C. Cotton Compl. Angler ii. 14 This River [sc. the Dove] from its head for a Mile or two is a black water (as all the rest of the Derby-shire Rivers..originally are, for they all spring from the Mosses).

1853 A. R. Wallace Narr. Trav. Amazon 409 On the south of the Amazon there are also some black-water streams... The inhabitants have taken advantage of these, to escape from the plague of the mosquitoes.., those annoying insects being scarcely ever found on the black waters.

1896 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann Fishes N. & Middle Amer. (Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 47) i. 139 Coast swamps and black-water streams from New Jersey to Florida.

1903 Geogr. Jrnl. 22 216 With characteristic German thoroughness, the author begins with a sketch of the whole physical geography of the region in which such black-water rivers are met with.

1974 Biotropica 6 69/2 The Rio Negro of the northern Amazon basin is the largest and best-known tropical blackwater river.., but smaller bodies of blackwater occur in the southern Amazon.., various tributaries of the Congo [etc.].

2006 Jrnl. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 25 61/1 Regional environmental heterogeneity in the tropics is particularly influenced by patterns of precipitation..and soils/geology (e.g., acidic blackwaters vs neutral whitewaters).

b. Indian English. The ocean. Also occasionally in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun]

sea-floodc893

brimc937

streamc950

foamOE

mereOE

seaOE

sea of (the) oceanc1300

brookc1400

float1477

strand1513

breec1540

burnc1540

broth1558

Thetisie1600

fishpond1604

brine1605

pond1612

Thetisc1620

brack1627

herring-pond1686

tide1791

black water1816

lave1825

briny1831

salt water1839

blue1861

swan's bath1865

puddle1869

ditch1922

oggin1945

1816 M. M. Sherwood Hist. Little Henry & Bearer (ed. 8) 79 He could never follow him through the black water, as the Hindoos call the seas.

1898 R. Kipling Day's Work 9 A sea-priest—one who had never set foot on black water, but had been chosen as ghostly counsellor by two generations of sea-rovers.

1940 M. R. Anand (title) Across the black waters.

1951 J. Masters Nightrunners of Bengal xvii. 211 The English..will make us sail the Black Water, they will take away all our old rights.

1966 P. Scott Jewel in Crown v. 209 Unclean by traditional Hindu standards and custom because I had crossed the black water.

1977 P. Scott Staying On xv. 199 Like a little dog at Lila's heels, panting after her all round India and perhaps beyond the black water.

2003 M. Pearson Indian Ocean ii. 44 The Manusmriti imposes penalties for anyone who would dare to cross the Black Water.

c. Waste from domestic toilets, esp. as distinguished from other household waste water; waste water that is heavily contaminated with human excrement. Cf. grey water n. at grey adj. and n. Compounds 1c(a).

ΚΠ

1970 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67 874 Additionally, the concept of dividing ‘black-water’ and ‘gray-water’ waste systems has been suggested for overall community use.

1998 Mother Earth News (Electronic ed.) 14 Apr. 38 Outhouses and composting toilets are legal here. A septic tank is a must for the black water; sink or gray water can be filtered and used on plants.

2010 Observer 7 Feb. (Escape section) 3/4 Things got hairy when I approached our hosts with a cough and a brimming 20-litre container of what the manual preferred to style ‘black water’.

2. Any of several diseases of livestock characterized by the presence of blood, haemoglobin, or other brownish substance in the urine; = redwater n. 1a, 1b. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle, horse, or sheep > [noun] > disorders of cattle or sheep > other disorders

shotc1500

foul?1523

redwater1594

blacklega1722

garget1725

dunt1784

black water1800

cothe1800

fardel-bound1825

navel ill1834

bluetongue1867

heartwater1880

orf1890

tick-borne fever1921

strike1932

1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer 104 For the black or red Water in Cows, a Distemper next to the pissing of Blood.

1789 W. Meyrick New Family Herbal 226 I have known cattle cured of what the farmers call the black water, and of the bloody flux.

1800 J. Tuke Gen. View Agric. N. Riding Yorks. (new ed.) 272 There is another disorder to which lambs are liable in autumn; it is called the black-water.

1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. §6263 The black water is only the aggravated and latter stages of red water.

1879 Zoologist 3 356 Many [sheep] die in cold nights, when they contract a disease known as ‘blackwater’.

1994 Preventive Vet. Med. 21 270 Colloquial and eponymous terms for medical conditions are still commonly used and referenced in medical and veterinary texts (Johne's Disease, Blackwater, ‘Greasy Pig Disease’, etc.).

3. More fully blackwater fever. Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, in which haemoglobinuria may occur after episodes of haemolysis. Cf. melanuric adj.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > other fevers

fever hectica1398

emitrichie1398

hectic1398

etisie1527

emphysode fever1547

frenzy-fever1613

purple fever1623

prunella1656

marcid fever1666

remittent1693

feveret1712

rheumatic fever1726

milk fever1739

stationary fever1742

febricula1746

milky fever1747

camp-disease1753

camp-fever1753

sun fever1765

recurrent fever1768

rose fever1782

tooth-fever1788

sensitive fever1794

forest-fever1799

white leg1801

hill-fever1804

Walcheren fever1810

Mediterranean fever1816

malignant1825

relapsing fever1828

rose cold1831

date fever1836

rose catarrh1845

Walcheren ague1847

mountain fever1849

mill fever1850

Malta fever1863

bilge-fever1867

Oroya fever1873

hyperpyrexia1875

famine-fever1876

East Coast fever1881

spirillum fevera1883

kala azar1883

black water1884

febricule1887

urine fever1888

undulant fever1896

rabbit fever1898

rat bite fever1910

Rhodesian sleeping sickness1911

sandfly fever1911

tularaemia1921

sodoku1926

brucellosis1930

Rift Valley fever1931

Zika1952

Lassa fever1970

Marburg1983

1884 J. F. Easmon (title) The nature and treatment of blackwater fever.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 645 Two extremely deadly forms of fever have come into notice here, malarial typhoid and blackwater.

1926 Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 663/1 The doctor had died three weeks before of blackwater.

1942 National Geographic Mag. June 716/1 In that year three Australians braved the coastal swamps..and dread blackwater fever to discover the valuable alluvial deposits on Edie Creek.

1965 B. Sweet-Escott Baker St. Irregular viii. 249 Musgrave had known Burma well before the war, and had twice suffered from blackwater fever.

2007 B. R. Don et al. in R. W. Schrier Dis. Kidney & Urin. Tract (ed. 8) xlix. 1193/2 In blackwater fever, hemolysis is caused by the abrupt release of falciparum trophozoites.

Compounds

attributive. Producing water of a black colour.

ΚΠ

1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad ix. 151 Agamemnon arose, shedding tears, like a black-water fountain [Gk. ὥς τε κρήνη μελάνυδρος].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	black water
释义	black watern. Brit. /ˈblak ˌwɔːtə/, U.S. /ˈblæk ˌwɑdər/, /ˈblæk ˌwɔdər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., water n. Etymology: < black adj. + water n. With sense 2 compare water n. 17 and earlier redwater n. 1. In sense 1b after Hindi kālā pānī overseas exile, transportation (especially to the former British penal colony on the Andaman Islands), lit. ‘dark water’, perhaps originally with reference to the appearance of the sea around the Andaman Islands, reinterpreted by Europeans as a (taboo avoidance) word used for the sea more generally. With sense 3 compare French fièvre bilieuse mélanurique (see melanuric adj.²).Attested earlier as a river name, with reference either to dark, muddy water (compare sense 1a) or to a dark river bed, a deep valley, or the like, as la Blakewatere, Hampshire and Berkshire (1279 or earlier; now Blackwater), le Blak Water, Essex (1477; now Blackwater; also Pant), etc. 1. a. Dark water or waters stained brown or black by peat or other plant material; a river or stream containing such water, (in later use) spec. one flowing through a tropical forest growing on a nutrient-poor soil (in which the tannin and phenol content of foliage tends to be very high). Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > other well streamOE letch1138 well strandc1429 pow1481 black water1483 wash1530 gravel-brook1591 spring branch1650 pour1790 water splash1820 chalk stream1829 understream1830 water feeder1831 quebrada1833 black spring1847 weir-stream1889 obsequent1895 anti-dip1900 resequent1901 misfit1910 1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation xvii In the lower parte of the seyde valeye was a full brode ponde of horrabull blake watyr. 1651 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 67. 1018 Col. Elsing..was forced to lodge in some Cabbines in a Wood, near the blacke water in Oculans Country. 1676 C. Cotton Compl. Angler ii. 14 This River [sc. the Dove] from its head for a Mile or two is a black water (as all the rest of the Derby-shire Rivers..originally are, for they all spring from the Mosses). 1853 A. R. Wallace Narr. Trav. Amazon 409 On the south of the Amazon there are also some black-water streams... The inhabitants have taken advantage of these, to escape from the plague of the mosquitoes.., those annoying insects being scarcely ever found on the black waters. 1896 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann Fishes N. & Middle Amer. (Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 47) i. 139 Coast swamps and black-water streams from New Jersey to Florida. 1903 Geogr. Jrnl. 22 216 With characteristic German thoroughness, the author begins with a sketch of the whole physical geography of the region in which such black-water rivers are met with. 1974 Biotropica 6 69/2 The Rio Negro of the northern Amazon basin is the largest and best-known tropical blackwater river.., but smaller bodies of blackwater occur in the southern Amazon.., various tributaries of the Congo [etc.]. 2006 Jrnl. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 25 61/1 Regional environmental heterogeneity in the tropics is particularly influenced by patterns of precipitation..and soils/geology (e.g., acidic blackwaters vs neutral whitewaters). b. Indian English. The ocean. Also occasionally in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun] sea-floodc893 brimc937 streamc950 foamOE mereOE seaOE sea of (the) oceanc1300 brookc1400 float1477 strand1513 breec1540 burnc1540 broth1558 Thetisie1600 fishpond1604 brine1605 pond1612 Thetisc1620 brack1627 herring-pond1686 tide1791 black water1816 lave1825 briny1831 salt water1839 blue1861 swan's bath1865 puddle1869 ditch1922 oggin1945 1816 M. M. Sherwood Hist. Little Henry & Bearer (ed. 8) 79 He could never follow him through the black water, as the Hindoos call the seas. 1898 R. Kipling Day's Work 9 A sea-priest—one who had never set foot on black water, but had been chosen as ghostly counsellor by two generations of sea-rovers. 1940 M. R. Anand (title) Across the black waters. 1951 J. Masters Nightrunners of Bengal xvii. 211 The English..will make us sail the Black Water, they will take away all our old rights. 1966 P. Scott Jewel in Crown v. 209 Unclean by traditional Hindu standards and custom because I had crossed the black water. 1977 P. Scott Staying On xv. 199 Like a little dog at Lila's heels, panting after her all round India and perhaps beyond the black water. 2003 M. Pearson Indian Ocean ii. 44 The Manusmriti imposes penalties for anyone who would dare to cross the Black Water. c. Waste from domestic toilets, esp. as distinguished from other household waste water; waste water that is heavily contaminated with human excrement. Cf. grey water n. at grey adj. and n. Compounds 1c(a). ΚΠ 1970 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67 874 Additionally, the concept of dividing ‘black-water’ and ‘gray-water’ waste systems has been suggested for overall community use. 1998 Mother Earth News (Electronic ed.) 14 Apr. 38 Outhouses and composting toilets are legal here. A septic tank is a must for the black water; sink or gray water can be filtered and used on plants. 2010 Observer 7 Feb. (Escape section) 3/4 Things got hairy when I approached our hosts with a cough and a brimming 20-litre container of what the manual preferred to style ‘black water’. 2. Any of several diseases of livestock characterized by the presence of blood, haemoglobin, or other brownish substance in the urine; = redwater n. 1a, 1b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle, horse, or sheep > [noun] > disorders of cattle or sheep > other disorders shotc1500 foul?1523 redwater1594 blacklega1722 garget1725 dunt1784 black water1800 cothe1800 fardel-bound1825 navel ill1834 bluetongue1867 heartwater1880 orf1890 tick-borne fever1921 strike1932 1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer 104 For the black or red Water in Cows, a Distemper next to the pissing of Blood. 1789 W. Meyrick New Family Herbal 226 I have known cattle cured of what the farmers call the black water, and of the bloody flux. 1800 J. Tuke Gen. View Agric. N. Riding Yorks. (new ed.) 272 There is another disorder to which lambs are liable in autumn; it is called the black-water. 1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. §6263 The black water is only the aggravated and latter stages of red water. 1879 Zoologist 3 356 Many [sheep] die in cold nights, when they contract a disease known as ‘blackwater’. 1994 Preventive Vet. Med. 21 270 Colloquial and eponymous terms for medical conditions are still commonly used and referenced in medical and veterinary texts (Johne's Disease, Blackwater, ‘Greasy Pig Disease’, etc.). 3. More fully blackwater fever. Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, in which haemoglobinuria may occur after episodes of haemolysis. Cf. melanuric adj.² ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > other fevers fever hectica1398 emitrichie1398 hectic1398 etisie1527 emphysode fever1547 frenzy-fever1613 purple fever1623 prunella1656 marcid fever1666 remittent1693 feveret1712 rheumatic fever1726 milk fever1739 stationary fever1742 febricula1746 milky fever1747 camp-disease1753 camp-fever1753 sun fever1765 recurrent fever1768 rose fever1782 tooth-fever1788 sensitive fever1794 forest-fever1799 white leg1801 hill-fever1804 Walcheren fever1810 Mediterranean fever1816 malignant1825 relapsing fever1828 rose cold1831 date fever1836 rose catarrh1845 Walcheren ague1847 mountain fever1849 mill fever1850 Malta fever1863 bilge-fever1867 Oroya fever1873 hyperpyrexia1875 famine-fever1876 East Coast fever1881 spirillum fevera1883 kala azar1883 black water1884 febricule1887 urine fever1888 undulant fever1896 rabbit fever1898 rat bite fever1910 Rhodesian sleeping sickness1911 sandfly fever1911 tularaemia1921 sodoku1926 brucellosis1930 Rift Valley fever1931 Zika1952 Lassa fever1970 Marburg1983 1884 J. F. Easmon (title) The nature and treatment of blackwater fever. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 645 Two extremely deadly forms of fever have come into notice here, malarial typhoid and blackwater. 1926 Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 663/1 The doctor had died three weeks before of blackwater. 1942 National Geographic Mag. June 716/1 In that year three Australians braved the coastal swamps..and dread blackwater fever to discover the valuable alluvial deposits on Edie Creek. 1965 B. Sweet-Escott Baker St. Irregular viii. 249 Musgrave had known Burma well before the war, and had twice suffered from blackwater fever. 2007 B. R. Don et al. in R. W. Schrier Dis. Kidney & Urin. Tract (ed. 8) xlix. 1193/2 In blackwater fever, hemolysis is caused by the abrupt release of falciparum trophozoites. Compounds attributive. Producing water of a black colour. ΚΠ 1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad ix. 151 Agamemnon arose, shedding tears, like a black-water fountain [Gk. ὥς τε κρήνη μελάνυδρος]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1483
随便看	haddocks haddocksmoker haddocksmoking haddocktea hade hade-slope hade-way hadean haded hades hadeslope hadeway hading hadith hadiths hadiwist hadj hadjes hadji hadjis hadland hadley hadley cell hadley circulation hadley theory