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单词 skift
释义

skiftn.1

Forms: Also skiffte, skyft(e.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse skipti.
Etymology: < Old Norse skipti (Middle Swedish skipte ; Norwegian, Swedish, Danish skifte ) distribution, shift, etc.: compare skift v.1
Obsolete.
A shift, in various senses; a change; a division or share; an artifice, device, or trick.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > [noun] > a change
changec1325
skiftc1400
alterationa1529
discrepancy1579
transit1652
traverse1692
chop and change1760
volte1901
switch1920
switch-over1928
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > an allotted share, portion, or part > [noun]
dealc825
lotOE
dolea1225
partc1300
portion?1316
sort1382
parcelc1400
skiftc1400
pane1440
partagec1450
shift1461
skair1511
allotment1528
snapshare1538
share1539
slice1548
fee1573
snap1575
moiety1597
snatch1601
allotterya1616
proportiona1616
symbol1627
dealth1637
quantum1649
cavelc1650
snip1655
sortition1671
snack1683
quota1688
contingency1723
snick1723
contingent1728
whack1785
divvy1872
end1903
bite1925
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient
costOE
craftOE
custc1275
ginc1275
devicec1290
enginec1300
quaintisec1300
contrevurec1330
castc1340
knackc1369
findinga1382
wilea1400
conject14..
skiftc1400
policy?1406
subtilityc1410
policec1450
conjecturea1464
industry1477
invention1516
cunning1526
shift1530
compass1540
chevisance1548
trade1550
tour1558
fashion1562
invent?1567
expediment1571
trick1573
ingeny1588
machine1595
lock1598
contrival1602
contrivement1611
artifice1620
recipea1643
ingenuity1651
expedient1653
contrivance1661
excogitation1664
mechanism1669
expediency1683
stroke1699
spell1728
management1736
manoeuvre1769
move1794
wrinkle1817
dodge1842
jigamaree1847
quiff1881
kink1889
lurk1916
gadget1920
fastie1931
ploy1940
c1400 Sc. Trojan War (Horstm.) ii. 1719 Now as hillis hie it schawis, Now set laich with ane noþir skift, That þai may se nocht bot þe lift.
c1440 York Myst. xxvi. 130 At oure soper as we satte,..My skiffte come to scathe.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. xvii. 211 Make ye as good skyfte as ye can; ye shal bere this lady with you on horsbak vnto the pope of Rome.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 198 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 305 Yf Any man haue part with þe in gyft, With hym þou make an euen skyft.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiv. 321 Is ther none other skyfte Bot syfte, lady, syfte?
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 481/2 He will haue a clappe on the tone cheke or the tother, make what skyfte he can.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

skiftn.2

Obsolete. rare.
(See quot. 1783.)
ΚΠ
1783 W. Gordon tr. Livy Rom. Hist. (1823) i. iv. 20 The water had subsided and left the trough or skift [L. alveus], in which the infants had been exposed, on dry ground.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

skiftn.3

Etymology: Variant of skiff n.2
Chiefly North American.
= skiff n.2
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > puff of
pufflOE
breathc1400
fuff1535
whiff1603
whift1614
tifta1765
cat's paw1769
skift1808
flaff1827
skiff1827
whiffle1842
whisp1884
quiff1912
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [noun] > a fall of snow > slight fall of snow
snite1548
skift1808
skiff1930
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > shower > sudden
flash1653
scat17..
volley1737
blirt1810
flurry1828
brash1849
skift1947
1808 B. Hunt Diary 25 Dec. in Chester Co. (Pa.) Hist. Soc. Bull. (1898) 17 May be call'd green Christmass: a small skift of snow.
1877 M. Laffan Hon. Miss Ferrard I. vii. 191 The autumn leaves rustling under foot and flying off in sudden skifts across the dry ruddy grass.
1927 Amer. Speech 2 364 Skift of snow, a small amount of snow.
1947 Canad. Cattlemen (Winnipeg) Dec. 148 Farmers regard ‘a skift o' rain’ as an adjunct to the fermentation of the natural juices in the semi-green corn blown into the [silo].
1970 I. Petite Meander to Alaska iv. 34 We had seen practically every rock, headland, light, skift of sea birds rising, tree, and deserted beach cabin.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

skiftn.4

/skɪft/
Etymology: Variant of skiff n.1
U.S. regional.
= skiff n.1
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > small vessel
batelle1330
scafa1387
skiff1578
skippet1590
squiff1594
skift1656
small craft1676
small craft1735
runabout1898
mudboat1941
1656 E. Rawson in Suffolk Deeds (Suffolk County, Mass.) (1880) I. 2 [We are] desired by Jno. Blackman to App[rize] a smale skifte taken vp adrift.
1807 J. R. Bedford in Tenn. Hist. Mag. (1919) 5 118 They would board us in their skift without the inconvenience to us of going to shore.
1816 U. Brown Jrnl. 12 Sept. in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1916) 11 222 Wm. Wells..prevails with me to go with him down the River 1¼ Miles to what he called a skift.
1885 Cent. Mag. Aug. 505/2 Visitors call it a skiff, natives a skift.
1935 G. Santayana Last Puritan iii. x. 395 You were perfectly happy here, sculling in your skift.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

skiftv.1

Forms: Middle English–1500s skyft, Middle English skyfte (Middle English scyfft), Middle English, 1800s skift (1700s Scottish skifft), Middle English skiffte.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse skipta.
Etymology: < Old Norse skipta (Middle Swedish skipta ; Norwegian and Swedish skifta , Danish skifte ) to divide, change, etc., = Old English sciftan , shift v.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
1. transitive. To shift, change, or move (something).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > in different position
changea1375
movea1382
shifta1400
skifta1400
transpose?1518
shiften1544
transplace1621
trans-situate1630
translocate1650
shuffle1694
mudge1823
relocate1829
translaya1861
to change around1871
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23678 Sun and mon, and stern on lift, Þat ai wit stiring er nuskift,..Fra þat tim stil sal þai stand.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 709 Now haf þay skyfted my skyl & scorned natwre.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 389 He wolde nevur skyfte his clothis bod ons in a yere.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xl. 405 Lete see now yf ye can skyfte it with your handes.
1828– in many north. dial. glossaries, etc. (see Eng. Dial. Dict. ).
2. To arrange, devise, manage, or order (something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > manage or administer
steerc888
leadc1175
guyc1330
guidec1374
governa1382
ministera1382
treat1387
administer1395
dispose1398
skift?a1400
warda1400
solicit1429
to deal with1469
handlea1470
execute1483
convoy?a1513
conveyc1515
mayne1520
to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handa1522
keepa1535
administrate1538
solicitate1547
to dispose of1573
manure1583
carry1600
manage1609
negotiate1619
conduct1632
to carry on1638
mesnage1654
nurse1745
work1841
operate1850
run1857
stage-manage1906
ramrod1920
?a1400 Morte Arth. 32 Scathylle Scottlande by skylle he skyftys as hym lykys.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 1643 Loke ȝe skyfte it so þat vs no skathe lympe.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 569 ‘Þus schal I,’ quoth kryste, ‘hit skyfte, Þe laste schal be þe fyrst þat strykez.’
3. To divide, distribute, or make division. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > divide into shares > divide and share out
dealc1000
shiftc1000
to-partc1325
partc1330
departa1340
divide1377
portion?a1400
dressc1410
parcel1416
skiftc1420
describe1535
repart1540
sever1548
disparklea1552
enterparten1556
share1577
to share out1583
repartitec1603
dispart1629
parcena1641
cavel1652
partage1660
split1674
snack1675
partition1740
scantle1749
appart1798
whack1819
divvy1877
number1887
cut1928
c1420 Sir Amadas (W.) 644 Bot skyfte me evon,..Gyffe me my parte, Y wyll awey.
c1420 Sir Amadas 656 Oderwyse skyft wyll not wee, Bot at yor wyll schall hit bee.
c1425 Cast. Persev. 108 in Macro Plays 80 His good..he wolde þat it were scyfftyd a-mongis his ny kynne.
4. intransitive. To ordain; to act, devise. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command or give orders [verb (intransitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint
skiftc1325
disposec1384
disponea1500
stint1533
decree1591
prescribec1595
devise1606
the world > action or operation > doing > act or do [verb (intransitive)]
workeOE
i-do971
doOE
to shift one's handa1300
performa1382
practisec1475
skift?a1534
handle1535
act1583
enact1593
actuate1620
c1325 Metr. Hom. 61 Bot Godd that skilfulli kan skift, Mad them alle serely spekand.
?a1534 H. Medwall Nature i. sig. biiii Well enured men, suche as..can best for you in tyme of nede skyft.
5.
a. To undergo shifting, change, or removal; to change one's place, etc. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > move [verb (intransitive)] > change place or position
flitc1175
passa1387
changec1390
skifta1400
shift1530
transmigrate1611
reshift1629
transfer1646
to turn over1851
reposition1947
translocate1975
a1400–50 Alexander 467 To skyre skarlet hewe skyftis hire face.
a1400–50 Alexander 5040 Baldly he wepis, þat he so skitly suld skifte.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 19 Oft boþe blysse & blunder Ful skete hatȝ skyfted synne.
1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 67 The sun now frae the twal hour point Had nearly skifftit twa hours yont.
1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights II. x. 216 He mad ye skift properly.
1848 H. L. Lear Tales Kirkbeck 155 A huge carved oak rocking chair ‘fearfu' lubbardly for skifting’.
b. To escape, get away from. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [verb (intransitive)]
atfareOE
atcomec1220
atstertc1220
atrouta1250
ascape1250
astart1250
atblenchc1275
scapec1275
aschapec1300
fleec1300
ofscapea1325
escapec1330
overfleea1382
to get awaya1400
slipa1400
starta1400
skiftc1440
eschewc1450
withstartec1460
rida1470
chape1489
to flee (one's) touch?1515
evadea1522
betwynde?1534
to make out1558
outscape1562
outslip1600
to come off1630
c1440 York Myst. xxvi. 41 Why, sir, to skyfte [pr. skyste] fro his skath We seke for youre socoure þis sesoune.

Derivatives

ˈskifting n. Obsolete division, distribution.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > [noun] > dividing and sharing out
partingc1330
departinga1340
divisionc1380
partition1429
departison1444
dividentc1450
skiftingc1450
partage1484
portiona1513
departition?c1530
dividend1535
portioning1556
reparting1574
repartment1574
parcery1582
sharing1598
apportion1628
compartition1636
department1677
dividing1719
whacking1851
partitionment1864
divide1873
share-out1877
whack1885
sharesies1916
carve-up1935
society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > building-material > for other parts
skiftingc1450
guttering1703
lintelling1703
skirting1825
stringing1833
spouting1838
trussing1840
undercloak1896
shuttering1898
screed1937
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > wall of building > [noun] > skirting board
skiftingc1450
baseboard1598
skirt-board1690
skirting boarda1756
base1757
skirting1825
washboard1828
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 249 So þer fell a grete debate..for skiftyyng of þis money betwix þaim.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

skiftv.2

Etymology: Perhaps only a special use of skift v.1; see also skiff v.2
Scottish.
intransitive. To move lightly and quickly; to skip, run, glide, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > lightly
flitc1430
whitter1513
skifta1586
whidc1730
waltz1862
skifter1887
a1586 R. Maitland Poems (Maitland Club) 30 Use not to skift athort the gait.
1640 Canterburians Self-Conviction Postscr. 13 But ye skift out here much further to an extravagance.
1790 A. Wilson Poems 215 High owre my head the sheep in packs, I see them mice-like skift.
1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 182 And Arnold's nakit ghaist was seen Loupin'..And skiftin' owr the roofs like fire.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2019).
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n.1c1400n.21783n.31808n.41656v.1c1325v.2a1586
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