acephaln.adj.

Brit.

/(ˌ)eɪˈsɛfl/,

/(ˌ)eɪˈkɛfl/, U.S.

/eɪˈsɛf(ə)l/

Inflections: Plural acephales, acephals.

Forms: Middle English acephales (plural), Middle English acepheles (plural), 1500s asephal (Scottish), 1600s acephale, 1600s– acephal.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin acephali, acephalus.

Etymology: As noun < post-classical Latin acephali, plural (see acephali n.); as adjective < classical Latin acephalus (see acephalous adj.). In sense A. 3 after French acéphales, plural noun ( Cuvier Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux (1797) vi. i. 378; with the other senses, compare Middle French acephale , French acéphale , noun (1497 in sense A. 1, a1778 in sense A. 2) and adjective (see acephalous adj.). In use as adjective perhaps immediately after Middle French acephale (1375 in this sense, in bataille acephale : see acephalous adj.). With sense A. 1 compare later Acephalian n., acephalist n. 2. With sense A. 2 compare slightly earlier acephali n. 2.

A. n.

1. Church History. = Acephalian n. Also: †a priest who is not subject to the authority of a bishop (cf. acephali n. 1a) (obsolete. rare). Usually with capital initial.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > other sects and movements > Acephali > [noun]

acephala1387

acephali1567

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > parish priest > jurisdiction of or parish > exempt from local bishop's authority

acephala1387

peculiar1562

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 289 Þe heresye of the Acephales [L. haeresis Acephalorum] springeþ and encreseth.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 289 (MED) The heresy of the Acephales was spronge, whiche impugnede the cownesayle Calcedonense.

1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) cxv. sig. Ff.iv Thus all is semblable, ye wyll lyue as acephales, and ensue theyr condycyons in all thynges vnuertuous, that haue no souerayne prynce nor kynge for to punysshe the crymes and mysdedes.

1630 E. Cary tr. J. D. Du Perron Reply to Answeare of King ii. xii. 227 The Pope Vigilius constituted in the royall cittie, (that is to saie, at Constantinople) published a sentence of condemnaiion against Theodora then Empresse, and against the Acephales.

1730 S. Whatley tr. J. Lenfant Hist. Council of Constance II. v. 93 It had no visible Head to come at, as the Hussites had; therefore the Flagellants were also call'd Acephales, that is to say, without a Head.

1761 T. Smollett et al. tr. Voltaire Wks. I. xii. 134 These clerks were called Acephales; and they were punished as vagabonds.

1849 Church of Eng. Mag. 9 Sept. 162/2 They were attached to no known church and acknowledged no supreme head; on which account they were often denominated ‘Acephales’.

1921 C. Armanet Church Our Lady Esperanza 139 Arianism was eradicated, the new heresy of Acephales completely stifled, and religious discipline strengthened.

2002 Papacy: Encycl. II. 1146 [He] persuaded Justinian to further the restoration of religious unity by acceding to the grievances formulated by the Acephales against the Council of Chalcedon.

2. An (imaginary) headless animal or person. Cf. acephali n. 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > miscellaneous types of > headless

acephal1607

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 11 The West region of Lybia and Ethyopia haue great store of Cynocephals, Baboons, and Acephals, beasts without a head, whose eies and mouth are in their Breasts.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. viii. 160/2 The Acephale, a Beast without a head.

1992 Washington Times (Nexis) 15 Nov. d2 A vestige of late Medieval superstition creeps in with the presence of an acephal, a headless man whose eyes are located on his chest.

3. Zoology. = acephalan n. Now disused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > bivalves

cockOE

cockle1311

conch?1527

palour1589

conchyle1610

bivalvular1677

bivalve1684

nut-mussel1705

concha1755

cuckolda1757

Acephala1802

pullet1803

ciliograde1835

conchifer1835

acephalan1840

acephal1845

bivalvian1863

pelecypod1875

tea-clam1883

steamer clam1909

1845 Encycl. Metrop. VII. 286 The Pallibranchiate and lamellibranchiate orders include the remaining living Acephals.

1847 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (rev. ed.) II. 558 The Acéphales another order of Mollusks, may be Acephals in English.

1876 S. Tenney et al. Elem. Zool. iv. §4. 420 (caption) An Acephal—Clam, Mya truncata.

1904 School & Home Educ. Oct. 81/1 Some of the acephals or headless mollusks bore into solid rock and there make burrows in which to live.

B. adj.

Having or recognizing no ruler, head, or chief; = acephalous adj. 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of power > [adjective] > without a ruler or chief

kinglessc1325

acephalc1550

guideless1561

acephalic1656

acephalous1715

chiefless1742

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 132 There is ane vthir sort of veyris callit battellis asephales, that is quhen the pepil gadris togiddir in ane grit conuentione but the autorite of the superior.

1675 W. Collins Missa Triumphans vi. 248 Until Mr. de Rodon can prove that the Council of Constance was an unlawful or Acephal Council..he hath no reason to exclaim against her Canons and statutes.

2002 S. Düsing Trad. Leadership & Democratisation Southern Afr. 76 In acephal societies (i.e. societies without a highest central authority) traditional leaders built the ultimate political authority of a single group of descent.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	acephal
释义	acephaln.adj. Brit. /(ˌ)eɪˈsɛfl/, /(ˌ)eɪˈkɛfl/, U.S. /eɪˈsɛf(ə)l/ Inflections: Plural acephales, acephals. Forms: Middle English acephales (plural), Middle English acepheles (plural), 1500s asephal (Scottish), 1600s acephale, 1600s– acephal. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin acephali, acephalus. Etymology: As noun < post-classical Latin acephali, plural (see acephali n.); as adjective < classical Latin acephalus (see acephalous adj.). In sense A. 3 after French acéphales, plural noun ( Cuvier Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux (1797) vi. i. 378; with the other senses, compare Middle French acephale , French acéphale , noun (1497 in sense A. 1, a1778 in sense A. 2) and adjective (see acephalous adj.). In use as adjective perhaps immediately after Middle French acephale (1375 in this sense, in bataille acephale : see acephalous adj.). With sense A. 1 compare later Acephalian n., acephalist n. 2. With sense A. 2 compare slightly earlier acephali n. 2. A. n. 1. Church History. = Acephalian n. Also: †a priest who is not subject to the authority of a bishop (cf. acephali n. 1a) (obsolete. rare). Usually with capital initial. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > other sects and movements > Acephali > [noun] acephala1387 acephali1567 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > parish priest > jurisdiction of or parish > exempt from local bishop's authority acephala1387 peculiar1562 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 289 Þe heresye of the Acephales [L. haeresis Acephalorum] springeþ and encreseth. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 289 (MED) The heresy of the Acephales was spronge, whiche impugnede the cownesayle Calcedonense. 1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) cxv. sig. Ff.iv Thus all is semblable, ye wyll lyue as acephales, and ensue theyr condycyons in all thynges vnuertuous, that haue no souerayne prynce nor kynge for to punysshe the crymes and mysdedes. 1630 E. Cary tr. J. D. Du Perron Reply to Answeare of King ii. xii. 227 The Pope Vigilius constituted in the royall cittie, (that is to saie, at Constantinople) published a sentence of condemnaiion against Theodora then Empresse, and against the Acephales. 1730 S. Whatley tr. J. Lenfant Hist. Council of Constance II. v. 93 It had no visible Head to come at, as the Hussites had; therefore the Flagellants were also call'd Acephales, that is to say, without a Head. 1761 T. Smollett et al. tr. Voltaire Wks. I. xii. 134 These clerks were called Acephales; and they were punished as vagabonds. 1849 Church of Eng. Mag. 9 Sept. 162/2 They were attached to no known church and acknowledged no supreme head; on which account they were often denominated ‘Acephales’. 1921 C. Armanet Church Our Lady Esperanza 139 Arianism was eradicated, the new heresy of Acephales completely stifled, and religious discipline strengthened. 2002 Papacy: Encycl. II. 1146 [He] persuaded Justinian to further the restoration of religious unity by acceding to the grievances formulated by the Acephales against the Council of Chalcedon. 2. An (imaginary) headless animal or person. Cf. acephali n. 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > miscellaneous types of > headless acephal1607 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 11 The West region of Lybia and Ethyopia haue great store of Cynocephals, Baboons, and Acephals, beasts without a head, whose eies and mouth are in their Breasts. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. viii. 160/2 The Acephale, a Beast without a head. 1992 Washington Times (Nexis) 15 Nov. d2 A vestige of late Medieval superstition creeps in with the presence of an acephal, a headless man whose eyes are located on his chest. 3. Zoology. = acephalan n. Now disused. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > bivalves cockOE cockle1311 conch?1527 palour1589 conchyle1610 bivalvular1677 bivalve1684 nut-mussel1705 concha1755 cuckolda1757 Acephala1802 pullet1803 ciliograde1835 conchifer1835 acephalan1840 acephal1845 bivalvian1863 pelecypod1875 tea-clam1883 steamer clam1909 1845 Encycl. Metrop. VII. 286 The Pallibranchiate and lamellibranchiate orders include the remaining living Acephals. 1847 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (rev. ed.) II. 558 The Acéphales another order of Mollusks, may be Acephals in English. 1876 S. Tenney et al. Elem. Zool. iv. §4. 420 (caption) An Acephal—Clam, Mya truncata. 1904 School & Home Educ. Oct. 81/1 Some of the acephals or headless mollusks bore into solid rock and there make burrows in which to live. B. adj. Having or recognizing no ruler, head, or chief; = acephalous adj. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of power > [adjective] > without a ruler or chief kinglessc1325 acephalc1550 guideless1561 acephalic1656 acephalous1715 chiefless1742 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 132 There is ane vthir sort of veyris callit battellis asephales, that is quhen the pepil gadris togiddir in ane grit conuentione but the autorite of the superior. 1675 W. Collins Missa Triumphans vi. 248 Until Mr. de Rodon can prove that the Council of Constance was an unlawful or Acephal Council..he hath no reason to exclaim against her Canons and statutes. 2002 S. Düsing Trad. Leadership & Democratisation Southern Afr. 76 In acephal societies (i.e. societies without a highest central authority) traditional leaders built the ultimate political authority of a single group of descent. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.a1387
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