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单词 skein
释义

skeinn.1

Brit. /skeɪn/, U.S. /skeɪn/
Forms: α. Middle English–1600s skeyne, 1600s– skein. β. Middle English skayn(e, 1500s–1600s skaine, 1500s–1700s skain; 1500s scayne, 1600s sc(h)aine, 1700s scain. γ. 1500s scan (Scottish sc-, skanȝe), skane, 1600s scane. δ. 1500s sken(e, Scottish skenye, skenȝe, 1600s skeine, skeane, 1800s skean.
Etymology: < Old French escaigne (1354 in Godefroy; modern Picard dialect écaigne, écagne), of obscure origin. Compare medieval Latin scagna (1294 in Du Cange).
1.
a. A quantity of thread or yarn, wound to a certain length upon a reel, and usually put up in a kind of loose knot.A skein of cotton consists of eighty turns of the thread upon a reel fifty-four inches in circumference.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > skein or hank
hasp1390
skeinc1440
slipping1541
hank1575
sling1644
rap1776
α.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 457/2 Skeyne, of threde, filipulum, versofilum.
a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 310 Some for very nede Layde downe a skeyne of threde, And some a skeyne of yarne.
1619 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 116 [We] send you two skeynes [of silk] hearewith.
1682 J. Flavell Righteous Man's Refuge in Pract. Treat. Fear (new ed.) 249 Like a ravelled skeyn of silk, so entangled and perplexed.
1704 D. Defoe Giving Alms no Charity For every skein of worsted these poor children spin, there must be a skein the less spun by some poor family.
1772 M. Cutler Jrnl. 9 June in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 39 They spun forty-two and a half skeins of linen, worsted, and tow~yarn.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 392 The silk is imported into this country thus wound off into skeins.
1884 W. S. B. McLaren Spinning Woollen & Worsted (ed. 2) 179 Woollen yarn is reckoned in skeins, the scale being based on the number of yards per dram.
β. 1442 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 387 xvj Skaynys of grete packethrede.1486 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 13 vj skaynes of Saile Twyne.1579 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 255 For 4 scaynes yelow sylke, 6d.1628–9 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 313 2 skaines of silke to sewe ye cushin, 2d.1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xxi. 253/1 This is an other kind of engine..by which silk skaines or hanks..are vnwound.1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 205 The manufacturers usually distinguish and denominate the fineness, by the number of skains which go to the pound.γ. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 798 Reche me that skane of tewly sylk.1527 Dunmow Churchw. MS. lf. 6 b For ii scanys of whyte threde for the copys, iid.1675 in Wiseman Surg. Treat. 300 I kept the Ulcer..open with a Scane of Silk.δ. 1541 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 23 Foure skenȝe pakin threid, price xij d.1546 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 159 Payd for a skene of sylke to mend the second cope, ijd.1591 in Antiquary XXXII. 79 A sken of black stychinge silke, i d.1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue 54 The Skeane there breaketh soonest, where the Threed is finest.1649 W. Davenant Love & Honour ii. iii A skeane of brown thread.1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. i. 4 She sold tape, thread, needles, skeans of worsted.
b. figurative (esp. with ravelled, tangled, etc.).
ΚΠ
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 28 Thou idle immaterial skeine of sleiue silke. View more context for this quotation
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes v. ii. 44 in Wks. II My parts depend Vpon the vnwinding this so knotted skeane.
1636 T. Cole in Ann. Dubrensia sig. F2 Detraction will be ready to undoe, And ravell out my skaines, ere they can well Bee stretch't upon the Loome.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 145 They disentangle from the puzzled skein..The threads of politic and shrewd design.
1797 Enquirer i. xi. 95 In the tangled skein of human affairs.
1831 W. Scott Count Robert vii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. III. 132 The unwinding of the perilous skein of state politics.
1884 Spectator 2 Aug. 999/2 The appointment..might introduce order into the confused skein of our policy there.
1932 W. B. Yeats Words for Music 26 For love is but a skein unwound Between the dark and dawn.
1935 T. S. Eliot Murder in Cathedral i. 37 You hold the skein: wind, Thomas, wind The thread of eternal life and death.
1939 D. Thomas Map of Love 16 I with a living skein, Tongue and ear in the thread, angle the temple-bound Curl-locked and animal cavepools of spells and bone.
c. A certain length or quantity of girth-web made up like a skein. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric for specific purpose > [noun] > for girths
girth-web1381
garth-web?1523
skein1566
girt-web1655
girse-web1697
girth-webbing1794
1566 in D. H. Fleming Mary Q. of Scots (1897) 499 Tuay skenyeis of girdis to bind up the bedde.
2. transferred.
a. A small cluster or arrangement resembling a skein.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > cluster
lumpc1380
clustera1400
knotc1400
community?1541
plump1553
clustering1576
clumpa1586
grove1667
skein1709
snuggle1901
1709 J. Reynolds Death's Vision x. Notes 51 The Glands are found to be nothing but a Clew or Skain of most fine and slender Pipes.
1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 141 Ah, gentle! 'tis as weak as spider's skein.
1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xxiii. 256 Her red cheeks and lips contrasting lustrously with the mazy skeins of her shadowy hair.
1878 J. Miller Songs Italy 117 Far And near red lightning in ribbon and skein Did write upon heaven Jehovah's name.
b. A flight of wild fowl.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > wild or domestic birds > [noun] > wild-fowl > flying group of
skein1860
1860 G. J. Whyte-Melville Holmby House I. 53 A skein of wild fowl..were winging their arrowy flight.
1889 H. M. Doughty Friesland Meres 182 Only one skein of geese passed over us.
a1892 G. H. Kingsley in M. H. Kingsley Mem. v, in G. H. Kingsley Sport & Trav. (1900) 119 Skeins of wild geese fly clanking over our heads.
c. Cytology. The chromosomal strands in a cell undergoing mitosis; used attributively to denote the stage of mitosis now known as prophase n. and adj.; = spireme n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adjective] > stages of mitosis or meiosis
homotypical1870
heterotypical1888
homoeotypical1888
heterotypic1889
homoeotypic1889
skein1889
heterotype1895
homotype1895
synaptic1895
synaptenic1900
presynaptic1903
homotypic1904
dictyate1905
post-meiotic1905
premeiotic1905
telophasic1907
postsynaptic1909
metaphase1912
prophasic1912
telosynaptic1912
interkinetic1927
synapsed1931
synizetic1931
interphasic1948
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > other structures in mitosis
sun figure1877
aster1879
linin1887
skein1889
spireme1889
tetraster1890
cytaster1892
astrosphere1893
mid-body1896
restitution nucleus1927
synaptonemal complex1958
1889 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 30 164 The first stage of karyokinesis, the so-called ‘dense skein’ (‘dichter Knäuel’).
1889 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 30 173 Rable says definitely that he has always found the longitudinal splitting of the chromatic threads to be completed at the end of the skein phase.
1904 Science 4 Mar. 393/1 No sign of chromatin thread (linin or skein) is apparent.
3. attributive, as skein-silk, skein wool, etc.; skein-winder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [noun] > winding > into skein or hank > equipment for
skein-winder1920
1764 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 17 Mar. Scain and Barrel Pig-Tail, and Shagg Tobaccoes.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Skein-silk Dyer, a dyer of raw silk.
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 289 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV Skein sewing-silk is made of three to ten threads twisted together, and two of these latter doubled.
1875 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. 318 A great heap of skein-wool has come for me.
1920 L. Hooper Weaving for Beginner x. 76 A skein winder..is only required if the weft is supplied to the weaver in skeins.
1964 O. G. Tod Joy of Hand Weaving (ed. 2) xviii. 87 If winding from a skein, place the skein around an adjustable skein-winder.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

skeinn.2

Brit. /skeɪn/, U.S. /skeɪn/
Forms: Also skain.
Etymology: < Dutch scheen (Middle Dutch scheene ), = German schiene in the same senses (see Grimm, s.v.), cognate with shin n.1
1. A split of osier after being dressed for use in fine basket-work.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > willow > twig or rod of
osierc1175
wanda1300
persha1398
withya1400
wicker14..
winding1405
withe1465
yedder1512
writhe1552
writh1810
skein1837
1837 L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. I. 154 The osiers are divided into four parts, lengthways, which are called splits, and these are afterwards reduced to various degrees of fineness, when they are called skeins.
1852 C. Tomlinson Cycl. Useful Arts (1854) I. 109/1 By passing the splits between the two edges, they are reduced to skains.
1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 423/1 The skains are frequently smoked and dyed either of dull or brilliant colours.
2. U.S. A metal head or thimble protecting the spindle of a wooden axle.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > axle > skein for
skein1862
thimble-skein1874
1862 T. Hughes in Ludlow Hist. U.S. 345 One of the free~state settlers went to the blacksmith's shop unarmed, carrying a waggon skein to be repaired.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2193/2 The ordinary skein consists of three straps, let into slots in the arm.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

skeinv.

Brit. /skeɪn/, U.S. /skeɪn/
Forms: Also 1700s skain.
Etymology: < skein n.1
transitive. To make into skeins. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [verb (transitive)] > wind > in specific way
reelc1400
conglomerate1623
spool1623
sleavea1628
agglomerate1658
skein1775
hank1818
pirn1818
lease1884
cross-reel1890
the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [verb (transitive)] > spread over or through (something) > like veins or threads
vein1807
thread1830
skein1955
1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Skain, to wind and make up threads in knots or small parcels.
1864 Intellect. Obs. No. 34. 303 The men skeining the cotton.
1899 Academy 11 Feb. 184/1 Flax was..spun into thread, skeined, and bleached in butter milk.
1955 E. Bowen World of Love xi. 219 Water skeined the landscape.
1971 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird v. 62 The Florida coast. Flat land skeined with sheets of flat water.

Derivatives

skeined adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [adjective] > made into skeins
skeinedc1885
c1885 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 98 Lét life, wáned, ah lét life wind Off hér once skéined stained véined varíety upon, áll on twó spools.
1977 P. Scupham Hinterland 8 When Vulcan beat new armour out for Rome..Skeined cupids hooded their toy bacchanals.
ˈskeiner n. one who or that which makes yarn into skeins.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [noun] > winding > into skein or hank > one who
skeiner1921
1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) 169/1 Skeiner (twine); minds skein or rand machine, which winds finished twine into skeins.
1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) 367/2 Bundler (flax and hemp); skeiner; puts together necessary number of hanks of yarn to form a bundle.
1931 M. L. Davies Life as we have known It 74 As a ‘skeiner’ her work was to separate and twist up the skeins from the ‘bond’ (on a silk mill).
1969 E. H. Pinto Treen 318/2 The niddy-noddy was a combined measure and skeiner.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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