black leadn.

Brit.

/ˈblak lɛd/, U.S.

/ˈblæk ˌlɛd/

Forms: see black adj. and n. and lead n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., lead n.¹

Etymology: < black adj. + lead n.¹With sense 1 compare classical Latin plumbum nigrum , used to denote lead, contrasted with plumbum candidum ‘white lead’, used as a name for tin. Sense 2a arose because graphite, of which an enormous natural deposit was discovered in the parish of Borrowdale in Cumberland in the 16th cent., was originally thought to be an ore containing lead; see discussion at plumbago n., and compare post-classical Latin use of classical Latin plumbāgō plumbago n. in 16th-cent. texts. Compare later lead n.¹ 3, and likewise German Bleistift, (now rare) Bleifeder graphite pencil (a1611 as bleystefft and bleyfederr, respectively).

1. Lead, or a black or metallic lead ore such as galena, as distinct from tin (white lead). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > lead

leadc900

black leada1398

blue pigeon1735

blue lead1790

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. 865 But of blak lede is double kynde, for blak lede comeþ alone of a veyne or is ygendred wiþ siluer in medlede veynes and is yblowe, and in þat blowynge ferst comeþ tynne and þanne siluer, and þanne what leueþ is yblowe and torneþ to blake leed, as Isider seiþ.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 13 There are two sortes of Lead, the one white, and the other black... That other black Lead is found most in Cantabrie.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. iv. xx. 88 All this region abouesaid from Pyrenæus, is full of mettall mines, to wit, gold, siluer, yron, lead, as wel blacke as white, i. tinne.

1678 R. Russel tr. Jabir ibn Haiyan Wks. Geber ii. i. ii. x. 59 The same Delusion they also find in Black Lead or Saturn.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Black-lead The common lead being the true black lead, so called by way of contradistinction from tin, otherwise called white lead.

1884 Amer. Architect & Building News 2 Feb. 51/1 Their black-lead was without doubt the same as the lead used at the present day.

1912 W. H. Schoff in tr. Periplus of Erythræan Sea 190 Black lead, he [sc. Pliny] says, came from Cantabria in Spain, and his description suggests galena, or sulphide of lead and silver.

a. Graphite, esp. as used in pencils; (also) †a graphite pencil (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > native elements and alloys > [noun] > native carbon

black lead?a1560

wad1614

killow1666

wad-lead1780

plumbago1784

graphite1796

plumbagine1800

kish1812

lead1816

pot lead1876

cliftonite1887

shungite1892

society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > lead pen or pencil

plummet?1440

black lead?a1560

black lead pen1612

black lead pencil1660

lead-pen1682

red lead pen1682

red lead pencil1686

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > [noun] > graphite

black lead?a1560

wad1614

killow1666

wad-lead1780

plumbago1784

graphite1796

plumbagine1800

lead1816

pot lead1876

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxxv. sig. L iij Blemishing all the..lines..drawen with black lead or such like, that you maye easely put oute or rase awaye.

1583 H. Platt Diuerse New Exper. (1594) 39 Some..draw thereon with blacke lead.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 767 That minerall kind of earth or hardned glittering stone (we cal it Black-lead) [L. terra illa metallica sive saxum induratum micans quod black lead dictum].

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne v. i, in Wks. I. 586 For the mathematiques: his squire, his compasses, his brasse pens, and black-lead, to draw maps of euery place, and person, where he comes.

1656 tr. J. A. Comenius Latinæ Linguæ Janua Reserata: Gate Lat. Tongue Unlocked lxxvii. §725 Have with you alwayes a table-book (or black-lead [L. plumbaginem] and paper).

1747 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 583/1 Wadd mines in the Cumberland Dialect, signifies the black-lead mines.

1769 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 7) III. 320 The Black-lead is found in heavy Lumps, some of which are hard, gritty, and of small Value, others soft and of a fine Texture.

1802 J. Farington Diary 27 Sept. (1923) II. xi. 37 The Composition imitation of the English black lead & the chalks for drawing we very much approved.

1832 T. Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. 5 390 Boswell is there with ass-skin and black-lead to note thy jargon.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xviii. 474 Graphite (black lead) is commonly used for the purpose.

1993 ‘J. Gash’ Paid & Loving Eyes (1994) xxii. 156 You coat the copy with plumbago, which we forgers..still call black lead.

†b. Writing done with a graphite pencil. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > according to type of writing instrument

black lead1668

pencilling1803

stylograph1866

1668 S. Pepys Diary 11 May (1976) IX. 195 I writ them down,..but when I had done it,..I find I could not read the blacklead.

c. A polish made of graphite, used for cleaning cast-iron grates, stoves, etc. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > [noun] > polish > types of

pumice1422

emery1481

foam of copperas1538

pumex1589

emery-stone1610

smiris1610

putty1663

rottenstone1677

tutty1731

French rouge?1745

rotstone1767

plate powder1786

emery-powder18..

rouge1808

waxing1825

black lead1830

tin-putty1839

red stuff1844

stove-polish1858

crocusa1861

crocus-powder1873

furniture cream1873

grit-emery1884

silver polish1895

Ronuk1896

Brasso1905

floor polish1907

lavender cream1926

lavender polish1961

lavender wax1970

1830 Morning Walks ii. 31 What is the black-lead with which I have seen Kate clean the grate in the nursery?

1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 772/1 Stove-grates are cleaned with black-lead mixed with turpentine.

1901 E. R. Lush Domest. Econ. xvi. 158 Put the black-lead on thinly, and brush with energy until a high polish is obtained.

1959 Home Encycl. 28 If vinegar is used to damp the blacklead for stoves and grates all the grease will come off and the polish will be much better.

2008 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 4 Nov. 10 Once a week she would get a brush and black lead and scrub that old stove until it shone.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

black lead pen n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > lead pen or pencil

plummet?1440

black lead?a1560

black lead pen1612

black lead pencil1660

lead-pen1682

red lead pen1682

red lead pencil1686

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxi. 247 Being noted with a line with a blacklead pen.

a1677 M. Clifford Notes Dryden's Poems (1687) ii. 5 I..put up my Black Lead Pen.

1993 Burlington Mag. June 388/2 Rarer small items were a black lead pen..and a silver comb.

black lead pencil n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > lead pen or pencil

plummet?1440

black lead?a1560

black lead pen1612

black lead pencil1660

lead-pen1682

red lead pen1682

red lead pencil1686

1660 Whole Art of Drawing 6 Take a black lead Pensil, and· draw upon the Oyl-Paper all the out-Lines and Circumferences.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1748 I. 102 He had marked the passages with a black-lead pencil.

1854 G. Dodd in Househ. Words 26 Aug. 45/1 Mr Brockedon..makes most excellent blacklead pencils.

2001 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 9 Jan. (Summer section) 27 By pressing paper against bark and rubbing with a black lead pencil you can make patterns.

black lead study n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing > in specific medium

coal work1651

crayon1662

pastel1791

pencilling1803

pen sketch1847

pen-picture1853

sanguine1854

pen and ink1860

black lead study1862

sepia1863

stylograph1866

charcoal1884

fusain1884

line drawing1891

celluloid1920

1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 87 His..blacklead studies of trees.

1971 Times 11 Mar. 13/6 Laroon's black-lead study of a New Year's party has all his vivacity of manner.

b. Objective.

black lead maker n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other manufactured materials > [noun] > of other materials

mortar-maker1359

wax-maker1515

petre man1594

saltpetre-maker1611

starch man1699

varnish-maker1753

icemaker1775

kelper1808

black lead maker1813

bone man1834

kelp-burner1845

black-salter1866

1813 Examiner 17 May 311/2 S. Terry..black-lead-maker.

1920 Times 2 July 21/5 (advt.) W. G. Nixey, Ltd., black lead makers to H. M. the King, London.

C2.

† black lead comb n. Obsolete a graphite comb used to darken the hair.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > implements used in styling the hair > [noun] > comb > for darkening the hair

black lead comba1627

lead-comb1715

a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 38 His Head and Beard..Looks not p[a]st fifty now heel bringt to forty..for 9 times an hour at least He takes a Black Lead Combe and kembs it over.

1790 Satirical Club 7 The black-lead comb will lend but little aid, When lost those honors of a lady's head!

1844 ‘Capt. Prout’ Bob Norberry xiii. 204 Hair of that doubtful hue which is produced by the frequent use of a black lead comb upon a foxy red.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	black lead
释义	black leadn. Brit. /ˈblak lɛd/, U.S. /ˈblæk ˌlɛd/ Forms: see black adj. and n. and lead n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., lead n.¹ Etymology: < black adj. + lead n.¹With sense 1 compare classical Latin plumbum nigrum , used to denote lead, contrasted with plumbum candidum ‘white lead’, used as a name for tin. Sense 2a arose because graphite, of which an enormous natural deposit was discovered in the parish of Borrowdale in Cumberland in the 16th cent., was originally thought to be an ore containing lead; see discussion at plumbago n., and compare post-classical Latin use of classical Latin plumbāgō plumbago n. in 16th-cent. texts. Compare later lead n.¹ 3, and likewise German Bleistift, (now rare) Bleifeder graphite pencil (a1611 as bleystefft and bleyfederr, respectively). 1. Lead, or a black or metallic lead ore such as galena, as distinct from tin (white lead). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > lead leadc900 black leada1398 blue pigeon1735 blue lead1790 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. 865 But of blak lede is double kynde, for blak lede comeþ alone of a veyne or is ygendred wiþ siluer in medlede veynes and is yblowe, and in þat blowynge ferst comeþ tynne and þanne siluer, and þanne what leueþ is yblowe and torneþ to blake leed, as Isider seiþ. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 13 There are two sortes of Lead, the one white, and the other black... That other black Lead is found most in Cantabrie. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. iv. xx. 88 All this region abouesaid from Pyrenæus, is full of mettall mines, to wit, gold, siluer, yron, lead, as wel blacke as white, i. tinne. 1678 R. Russel tr. Jabir ibn Haiyan Wks. Geber ii. i. ii. x. 59 The same Delusion they also find in Black Lead or Saturn. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Black-lead The common lead being the true black lead, so called by way of contradistinction from tin, otherwise called white lead. 1884 Amer. Architect & Building News 2 Feb. 51/1 Their black-lead was without doubt the same as the lead used at the present day. 1912 W. H. Schoff in tr. Periplus of Erythræan Sea 190 Black lead, he [sc. Pliny] says, came from Cantabria in Spain, and his description suggests galena, or sulphide of lead and silver. 2. a. Graphite, esp. as used in pencils; (also) †a graphite pencil (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > native elements and alloys > [noun] > native carbon black lead?a1560 wad1614 killow1666 wad-lead1780 plumbago1784 graphite1796 plumbagine1800 kish1812 lead1816 pot lead1876 cliftonite1887 shungite1892 society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > lead pen or pencil plummet?1440 black lead?a1560 black lead pen1612 black lead pencil1660 lead-pen1682 red lead pen1682 red lead pencil1686 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > [noun] > graphite black lead?a1560 wad1614 killow1666 wad-lead1780 plumbago1784 graphite1796 plumbagine1800 lead1816 pot lead1876 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxxv. sig. L iij Blemishing all the..lines..drawen with black lead or such like, that you maye easely put oute or rase awaye. 1583 H. Platt Diuerse New Exper. (1594) 39 Some..draw thereon with blacke lead. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 767 That minerall kind of earth or hardned glittering stone (we cal it Black-lead) [L. terra illa metallica sive saxum induratum micans quod black lead dictum]. 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne v. i, in Wks. I. 586 For the mathematiques: his squire, his compasses, his brasse pens, and black-lead, to draw maps of euery place, and person, where he comes. View more context for this quotation 1656 tr. J. A. Comenius Latinæ Linguæ Janua Reserata: Gate Lat. Tongue Unlocked lxxvii. §725 Have with you alwayes a table-book (or black-lead [L. plumbaginem] and paper). 1747 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 583/1 Wadd mines in the Cumberland Dialect, signifies the black-lead mines. 1769 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 7) III. 320 The Black-lead is found in heavy Lumps, some of which are hard, gritty, and of small Value, others soft and of a fine Texture. 1802 J. Farington Diary 27 Sept. (1923) II. xi. 37 The Composition imitation of the English black lead & the chalks for drawing we very much approved. 1832 T. Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. 5 390 Boswell is there with ass-skin and black-lead to note thy jargon. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xviii. 474 Graphite (black lead) is commonly used for the purpose. 1993 ‘J. Gash’ Paid & Loving Eyes (1994) xxii. 156 You coat the copy with plumbago, which we forgers..still call black lead. †b. Writing done with a graphite pencil. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > according to type of writing instrument black lead1668 pencilling1803 stylograph1866 1668 S. Pepys Diary 11 May (1976) IX. 195 I writ them down,..but when I had done it,..I find I could not read the blacklead. c. A polish made of graphite, used for cleaning cast-iron grates, stoves, etc. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > [noun] > polish > types of pumice1422 emery1481 foam of copperas1538 pumex1589 emery-stone1610 smiris1610 putty1663 rottenstone1677 tutty1731 French rouge?1745 rotstone1767 plate powder1786 emery-powder18.. rouge1808 waxing1825 black lead1830 tin-putty1839 red stuff1844 stove-polish1858 crocusa1861 crocus-powder1873 furniture cream1873 grit-emery1884 silver polish1895 Ronuk1896 Brasso1905 floor polish1907 lavender cream1926 lavender polish1961 lavender wax1970 1830 Morning Walks ii. 31 What is the black-lead with which I have seen Kate clean the grate in the nursery? 1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 772/1 Stove-grates are cleaned with black-lead mixed with turpentine. 1901 E. R. Lush Domest. Econ. xvi. 158 Put the black-lead on thinly, and brush with energy until a high polish is obtained. 1959 Home Encycl. 28 If vinegar is used to damp the blacklead for stoves and grates all the grease will come off and the polish will be much better. 2008 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 4 Nov. 10 Once a week she would get a brush and black lead and scrub that old stove until it shone. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. black lead pen n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > lead pen or pencil plummet?1440 black lead?a1560 black lead pen1612 black lead pencil1660 lead-pen1682 red lead pen1682 red lead pencil1686 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxi. 247 Being noted with a line with a blacklead pen. a1677 M. Clifford Notes Dryden's Poems (1687) ii. 5 I..put up my Black Lead Pen. 1993 Burlington Mag. June 388/2 Rarer small items were a black lead pen..and a silver comb. black lead pencil n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > lead pen or pencil plummet?1440 black lead?a1560 black lead pen1612 black lead pencil1660 lead-pen1682 red lead pen1682 red lead pencil1686 1660 Whole Art of Drawing 6 Take a black lead Pensil, and· draw upon the Oyl-Paper all the out-Lines and Circumferences. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1748 I. 102 He had marked the passages with a black-lead pencil. 1854 G. Dodd in Househ. Words 26 Aug. 45/1 Mr Brockedon..makes most excellent blacklead pencils. 2001 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 9 Jan. (Summer section) 27 By pressing paper against bark and rubbing with a black lead pencil you can make patterns. black lead study n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing > in specific medium coal work1651 crayon1662 pastel1791 pencilling1803 pen sketch1847 pen-picture1853 sanguine1854 pen and ink1860 black lead study1862 sepia1863 stylograph1866 charcoal1884 fusain1884 line drawing1891 celluloid1920 1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 87 His..blacklead studies of trees. 1971 Times 11 Mar. 13/6 Laroon's black-lead study of a New Year's party has all his vivacity of manner. b. Objective. black lead maker n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other manufactured materials > [noun] > of other materials mortar-maker1359 wax-maker1515 petre man1594 saltpetre-maker1611 starch man1699 varnish-maker1753 icemaker1775 kelper1808 black lead maker1813 bone man1834 kelp-burner1845 black-salter1866 1813 Examiner 17 May 311/2 S. Terry..black-lead-maker. 1920 Times 2 July 21/5 (advt.) W. G. Nixey, Ltd., black lead makers to H. M. the King, London. C2. † black lead comb n. Obsolete a graphite comb used to darken the hair. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > implements used in styling the hair > [noun] > comb > for darkening the hair black lead comba1627 lead-comb1715 a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 38 His Head and Beard..Looks not p[a]st fifty now heel bringt to forty..for 9 times an hour at least He takes a Black Lead Combe and kembs it over. 1790 Satirical Club 7 The black-lead comb will lend but little aid, When lost those honors of a lady's head! 1844 ‘Capt. Prout’ Bob Norberry xiii. 204 Hair of that doubtful hue which is produced by the frequent use of a black lead comb upon a foxy red. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1398
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