simulationn.

/sɪmjʊˈleɪʃən/

Forms: Middle English similacioun, symylacioun (Middle English symylacioune, symylacion), 1600s similation; Middle English–1500s symulacion, symulacyon (Middle English symulacioun), Middle English–1500s simulacion, 1500s– simulation.

Etymology: < Old French simulacion, -ation (= Provençal and Spanish simulacion , Italian simulazione ), < Latin simulātiōn-em , noun of action < simulāre to simulate adj.

a. The action or practice of simulating, with intent to deceive; false pretence, deceitful profession.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun]

foxingc1220

feignc1320

faintise1340

simulation1340

dissimulingc1374

likenessc1384

dissimulationc1386

coverture1393

dissemblationc1425

assimulationa1450

dissemblec1480

fiction1483

dissemblinga1500

irony1502

dissimulance1508

dissembly?c1550

blindation1588

counterfeisance1590

misseeming1590

supposing1596

dissemblance1602

guise1662

dissimulating1794

make-believe1794

representation1805

sham-Abra(ha)m1828

make-belief1837

pretence1862

make-believing1867

postiche1876

kid-stakes1916

smoke and mirrors1980

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 23 And þerof wexeþ uele zennes, ase ariȝthalf; þet is to wytene: lozengerie, simulacion.

c1400 Rom. Rose 7230 He nys no full good champioun That dredith such similacioun.

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 4504 Amonge hem silfe to bringe in tresoun, Feyned trouþe and symulacioun.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 170 He..did with mutual simulacion on his partie cover & kepe secrete the colorable dooyng of the saied feloe.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. iv. sig. Ee.iiij/1 This precept doth commaunde vs..that..wee doe our neighbor harme..neither by simulation nor dissimulation.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vi. xxiii. 230/2 His nature, relishing too much of the Punick craft and simulation.

1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 593 A Deceiving by Actions, Gestures, or Behaviour, is called Simulation, or Hypocrisie.

1711 R. Steele Tatler No. 213. ⁋1 Simulation is a Pretence of what is not, and Dissimulation a Concealment of what is.

1788 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) VII. 43 Simulation is the seeming to be what we are not; dissimulation, the seeming not to be what we are.

1836 W. S. Landor Pericles & Aspasia I. 130 I wish he were as pious as you are; occasionally he appears so. I attacked him on his simulation.

1872 O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms 71 Fraud.., whether it consists in simulation or dissimulation.

b. Tendency to assume a form resembling that of something else; unconscious imitation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun]

imitation?1504

mimesisa1586

imitating1591

mocking1611

mockage1615

samplinga1638

exemplification1650

facsimilea1661

mimature1663

mimicry1688

copying1712

mimic1832

patterning1845

simulation1870

1870 F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon Lang. 28 Simulation. The feigning a connection with words of similar sound is an important fact in English and other modern languages: asparagus > sparrow-grass.

2. A false assumption or display, a surface resemblance or imitation, of something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > simulation > [noun]

simulationc1380

simulance1885

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun]

hue971

glozea1300

showingc1300

coloura1325

illusionc1340

frontc1374

simulationc1380

visage1390

cheera1393

sign?a1425

countenance?c1425

study?c1430

cloak1526

false colour1531

visure1531

face1542

masquery?1544

show1547

gloss1548

glass1552

affectation1561

colourableness1571

fashion1571

personage?1571

ostentation1607

disguise1632

lustrementa1641

grimace1655

varnish1662

masquerade1674

guisea1677

whitewash1730

varnish1743

maya1789

vraisemblance1802

Japan1856

veneering1865

veneer1868

affectedness1873

candy coating1885

simulance1885

window dressing1903

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 392 For als miche as it is done by symylacion of holynes, þe whiche is double wickidnes.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 324^v How Anthenor and Eneas..dyde hit vnder symylacion of peas.

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 357/2 Woulde God they would ones rather folow him truely in faith & good workes, then in simulacion of like santytie.

a1667 A. Cowley Liberty in Ess. in Verse & Prose So by the artificial simulation of some virtues, he made a shift to ensnare some honest..persons.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. i. 12 A solid partition or simulation of a notochord.

1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. 74 Miserly as the arrangements of the household were, it was kept up with a faint simulation of a gentleman's establishment.

3. The technique of imitating the behaviour of some situation or process (whether economic, military, mechanical, etc.) by means of a suitably analogous situation or apparatus, esp. for the purpose of study or personnel training. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > simulation > [noun] > for the purpose of study or training

simulation1947

1947 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 94 iia. 117/1 The ensuing sections will..describe the simulations of the separate [servo] units.

1958 Business Week 29 Nov. 76/3 Men began to raise questions..about their models of the real world. They did this by inventing games such as chess and checkers to simulate battle, games like back-gammon and Parcheesi to simulate racing. H. J. R. Murray, in his History of Board Games (Oxford, 1952), finds that such simulation games go back to the beginning of recorded history and are found in every culture.

1966 A. Battersby Math. in Managem. vii. 159 Simulation enables a manager to study the system which he controls by imitating or ‘simulating’ its behaviour.

1972 Computers & Humanities 7 38 The application of computer simulation techniques to the modeling of archaeological situations is one of the newest developments in computer use in archaeology.

1978 Nature 28 Sept. 305/1 Simulation studies on the towing of unprotected icebergs to southern continents suggest that the towing distance, ocean currents and the iceberg deterioration rate are of major importance.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	simulation
释义	simulationn. /sɪmjʊˈleɪʃən/ Forms: Middle English similacioun, symylacioun (Middle English symylacioune, symylacion), 1600s similation; Middle English–1500s symulacion, symulacyon (Middle English symulacioun), Middle English–1500s simulacion, 1500s– simulation. Etymology: < Old French simulacion, -ation (= Provençal and Spanish simulacion , Italian simulazione ), < Latin simulātiōn-em , noun of action < simulāre to simulate adj. 1. a. The action or practice of simulating, with intent to deceive; false pretence, deceitful profession. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun] foxingc1220 feignc1320 faintise1340 simulation1340 dissimulingc1374 likenessc1384 dissimulationc1386 coverture1393 dissemblationc1425 assimulationa1450 dissemblec1480 fiction1483 dissemblinga1500 irony1502 dissimulance1508 dissembly?c1550 blindation1588 counterfeisance1590 misseeming1590 supposing1596 dissemblance1602 guise1662 dissimulating1794 make-believe1794 representation1805 sham-Abra(ha)m1828 make-belief1837 pretence1862 make-believing1867 postiche1876 kid-stakes1916 smoke and mirrors1980 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 23 And þerof wexeþ uele zennes, ase ariȝthalf; þet is to wytene: lozengerie, simulacion. c1400 Rom. Rose 7230 He nys no full good champioun That dredith such similacioun. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 4504 Amonge hem silfe to bringe in tresoun, Feyned trouþe and symulacioun. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 170 He..did with mutual simulacion on his partie cover & kepe secrete the colorable dooyng of the saied feloe. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. iv. sig. Ee.iiij/1 This precept doth commaunde vs..that..wee doe our neighbor harme..neither by simulation nor dissimulation. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vi. xxiii. 230/2 His nature, relishing too much of the Punick craft and simulation. 1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 593 A Deceiving by Actions, Gestures, or Behaviour, is called Simulation, or Hypocrisie. 1711 R. Steele Tatler No. 213. ⁋1 Simulation is a Pretence of what is not, and Dissimulation a Concealment of what is. 1788 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) VII. 43 Simulation is the seeming to be what we are not; dissimulation, the seeming not to be what we are. 1836 W. S. Landor Pericles & Aspasia I. 130 I wish he were as pious as you are; occasionally he appears so. I attacked him on his simulation. 1872 O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms 71 Fraud.., whether it consists in simulation or dissimulation. b. Tendency to assume a form resembling that of something else; unconscious imitation. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] imitation?1504 mimesisa1586 imitating1591 mocking1611 mockage1615 samplinga1638 exemplification1650 facsimilea1661 mimature1663 mimicry1688 copying1712 mimic1832 patterning1845 simulation1870 1870 F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon Lang. 28 Simulation. The feigning a connection with words of similar sound is an important fact in English and other modern languages: asparagus > sparrow-grass. 2. A false assumption or display, a surface resemblance or imitation, of something. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > simulation > [noun] simulationc1380 simulance1885 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun] hue971 glozea1300 showingc1300 coloura1325 illusionc1340 frontc1374 simulationc1380 visage1390 cheera1393 sign?a1425 countenance?c1425 study?c1430 cloak1526 false colour1531 visure1531 face1542 masquery?1544 show1547 gloss1548 glass1552 affectation1561 colourableness1571 fashion1571 personage?1571 ostentation1607 disguise1632 lustrementa1641 grimace1655 varnish1662 masquerade1674 guisea1677 whitewash1730 varnish1743 maya1789 vraisemblance1802 Japan1856 veneering1865 veneer1868 affectedness1873 candy coating1885 simulance1885 window dressing1903 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 392 For als miche as it is done by symylacion of holynes, þe whiche is double wickidnes. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 324^v How Anthenor and Eneas..dyde hit vnder symylacion of peas. 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 357/2 Woulde God they would ones rather folow him truely in faith & good workes, then in simulacion of like santytie. a1667 A. Cowley Liberty in Ess. in Verse & Prose So by the artificial simulation of some virtues, he made a shift to ensnare some honest..persons. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. i. 12 A solid partition or simulation of a notochord. 1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. 74 Miserly as the arrangements of the household were, it was kept up with a faint simulation of a gentleman's establishment. 3. The technique of imitating the behaviour of some situation or process (whether economic, military, mechanical, etc.) by means of a suitably analogous situation or apparatus, esp. for the purpose of study or personnel training. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > simulation > [noun] > for the purpose of study or training simulation1947 1947 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 94 iia. 117/1 The ensuing sections will..describe the simulations of the separate [servo] units. 1958 Business Week 29 Nov. 76/3 Men began to raise questions..about their models of the real world. They did this by inventing games such as chess and checkers to simulate battle, games like back-gammon and Parcheesi to simulate racing. H. J. R. Murray, in his History of Board Games (Oxford, 1952), finds that such simulation games go back to the beginning of recorded history and are found in every culture. 1966 A. Battersby Math. in Managem. vii. 159 Simulation enables a manager to study the system which he controls by imitating or ‘simulating’ its behaviour. 1972 Computers & Humanities 7 38 The application of computer simulation techniques to the modeling of archaeological situations is one of the newest developments in computer use in archaeology. 1978 Nature 28 Sept. 305/1 Simulation studies on the towing of unprotected icebergs to southern continents suggest that the towing distance, ocean currents and the iceberg deterioration rate are of major importance. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1340
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