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单词 sierra
释义

sierran.

Brit. /sɪˈɛrə/, U.S. /siˈɛrə/
Forms: Also 1600s ser(r)a.
Etymology: < Spanish sierra < Latin serra saw.
1.
a. In Spain and parts of Latin America: A range of hills or mountains, rising in peaks which suggest the teeth of a saw.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range
ledge1555
range1601
sierra1613
cordillera1704
mountain chain1776
mountain range1809
chain1830
serra1830
mountain system1838
hump1914
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 873 Peru is diuided into three parts, which they call Llanos, Sierras, and Andes.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 445 Spaine generally, is a masse of mountaines,..the Rockie Seraes or Alpes so innumerable.
1692 J. Evelyn Let. 15 Oct. in Diary & Corr. (1852) III. 326 There are vast ones [sc. caves] under those Alps and Sierras from whence our rivers derive their plentiful streams.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 68 The Andes and Scirras [sic] are two Ridges of Mountains that run from North to South.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xxxii. 24 Doth Tayo interpose his mighty tide? Or dark Sierras rise in craggy pride?
1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. iii. v. 432 Although the bleak winds of the sierra gave an austerity to the climate.
1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 673/1 The sierra of Peru may be..divided into four sections.
attributive.1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 422 Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis,..Sierra Jay.
b. In general use: A mountain-range of this description.
ΚΠ
1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. xxxiv. 95 A range of mountains standing in the three provinces of Worcester, Gloucester, and Hereford... This sierra is justly admired for the beauty of its form.
1850 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) xxxii. 141 Their rocky sierras on the east separated Azerbîjân from..the shores of the Caspian.
1865 W. G. Palgrave Narr. Journey through Arabia I. 96 The main range of Djebel Shomer, a long purple sierra of most picturesque outline.
2. Astronomy. = chromosphere n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sun > [noun] > chromosphere
sierra1851
chromosphere1868
chromatosphere1871
1851 G. B. Airy in Mem. Royal Astron. Soc. XXI. 7 I saw that the sierra, or rugged line of projections,..had arisen.
1871 R. A. Proctor Light Sci. 97 The objectionable word chromosphere (for chromatosphere) should be replaced by sierra.
1883 R. A. Proctor in 19th Cent. Nov. 876 In the sierra or chromatosphere the presence and nature of many other vapours are noted.
3. = cero n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Scombroidei (mackerel) > [noun] > family Scombridae > member of Scomberomorus (Spanish mackerel)
kingfish1775
Spanish mackerel1832
pintado1874
king mackerel1879
cero1884
sierra1889
katonkel1893
speckled hound-fish-
1889 in Cent. Dict.
1905 D. S. Jordan Guide Study of Fishes II. xvi. 266 Almost exactly like it [sc. the Spanish mackerel] in appearance is the pintado, or sierra.
1965 A. J. McClane Standard Fishing Encycl. 793/2 Sierra are found along the Pacific coast of America from San Diego to Peru.

Derivatives

siˈerran adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [adjective] > range
sierran1873
1873 B. Harte Episode of Fiddletown 92 It was in a Sierran solitude, where I had encamped.
1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 673/1 Sierran flora.

Draft additions March 2003

Sierra Club n. originally and chiefly U.S. a non-profit-making environmentalist organization, formed in the U.S. in the early 1890s (originally to promote the exploration of the mountainous regions of the Pacific coast); (also, occasionally) an organization modelled on this; also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > other specific associations or organizations
Tityre-tu1623
Peep o' Day Boys1780
law society1821
kongsi1839
B'nai B'rith1862
Molly Maguire1867
Kennel Club1874
Ethical Society1877
Kyrle Society1877
Molly1877
Sierra Club1891
subak1897
Workers' Educational Association1905
senior1906
W.E.A.1910
Lions Club1922
godless1927
F.P.A.a1940
Diners' Club1950
amnesty1961
Sealed Knot1971
Greenpeace1972
lions1972
Gaysoc1976
Group of Eight1977
Group of Seven1977
meeja1983
G71986
G81988
1891 Overland Monthly July 19/1 Why not have a Sierra Club, to spend vacations in the mountains, and study them?
1926 World's Work Sept. In the summer of 1902..he went with the Sierra Club far up in King's River Cañon.
1959 Ski Mar. 47/1 The word ‘mogul’..it might be worthwhile to investigate it... The Sierra Club Ski Mountaineers have been using the word for the past twenty-five years or so as ‘mugel’.
1991 Newsweek 18 Feb. 63/3 That leaves everything up to the iconography—a Freudian version of ‘Total Recall’ in Dali's case, and a kind of Sierra Club Valhalla in Friedrich's.
2000 D. D'Souza Virtue of Prosperity ii. 47 Right-wingers are moving toward a proenvironmental stance. This does not mean that conservatives are signing up in droves to go tree hugging with the Sierra Club.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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