Siemensn.

1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 25 Aug. 543/2 For..any.. process in which an intense heat is required, the Siemens furnace is eminently suitable.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 909 Another modification of the Siemens process consists in the use of finely-divided iron in the spongy state..instead of bars or other manufactured forms of malleable iron.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 910 Two processes are employed at the Landore works: the Siemens-Martin process, which consists..in dissolving scrap-metal or steel in a bath of pig-metal, to which spiegeleisen is finally added; and the ore-reducing process.

a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. III. 2365/2 In the Martin-Siemens reverberatory furnace the decarbonization of the pig-iron is effected by the reactions, upon the molten bath, of wrought-iron or ore and of the furnace-flame.

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 335 Using the Siemens producer and regenerators if necessary.

1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 846/1 The most perfect method of utilizing the waste heat hitherto applied is that of the Siemens regenerator, in which the spent gases are made to travel through chambers, known as regenerators or recuperators of heat.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 294/2 The calorific value of a unit of weight of gas from a Siemens producer is about 650.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 304/1 The other Siemens pyrometer depends on the alteration of the electrical resistance of a platinum wire when heated.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 305/1 The ball of a Siemens pyrometer can be introduced into the tuyere through the orifice.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 348/2 The Pernot furnace..is substantially a Siemens-Martin furnace with a rotating bed.

1923 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics V. 515/1 The development of the mass production of steel by the Bessemer, Siemens, and subsequent processes rendered modern engineering possible on the present scale.

1973 R. D. Pehlke Unit Processes Extractive Metall. iv. 88 The Siemens-Martin process, commonly referred to as the open hearth process, was developed at about the same time as the Thomas process.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVII. 640/1 The Siemens furnace used a grate for burning solid fuel,..and the duct~work necessary to convey the gases from one end of the furnace to the regenerator chamber and the hot air to the grate at the other end was complex and inefficient.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVII. 640/1 Pierre and Emile Martin in France in 1864 built a furnace that was fired by gas and placed a set of two Siemens regenerator chambers at each end of the furnace.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVII. 640/1 This furnace became known as the Siemens-Martin furnace, or, more commonly, as the open-hearth furnace.

1867 R. S. Culley Handbk. Pract. Telegr. (ed. 2) ix. 184 Siemens' relay consists of an electromagnet of the usual horse-shoe form.

1879 Telegr. Jrnl. 7 318/2 (heading) Siemens' electric lamp.

1879 Telegr. Jrnl. 7 412/2 (heading) Siemens' differential electric lamp.

1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 633/1 In the Siemens differential lamp,..a potential or shunt coil and a current coil oppose each other; as the arc lengthens the current becomes less, and the potential greater, each acting to cause the carbons to approach.

1884 H. R. Kempe Handbk. Electr. Testing (ed. 3) xii. 284 Like galvanometers, the Siemens electro-dynamometer is not susceptible of great accuracy when readings are very low.

1886 J. Maier Arc & Blow Lamps v. 40 A large Siemens' dynamo at 450 revolutions after two hours' work became so hot that the electro-magnets began to fire.

1892 W. P. Maycock Electr. Lighting I. v. 122 Siemens' wattmeter is very similar in appearance to the electro-dynamometer.

1900 Knowledge 1 Dec. 281/1 An ordinary Siemens telegraph relay.

1912 Motor Man. (ed. 14) iii. 125 The Siemens metallic tungsten lamps are practically unaffected by shock.

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 4/1 If the current measured passes through both coils the scale division will approximately follow a ‘square law’, as in the case of the Siemens dynamometer.

1927 S. H. Long Navigational Wireless v. 86 (heading) Instructions for operating the Siemens direction finder.

1930 T. E. Herbert Telegr. (ed. 5) viii. 258 Siemens-Halske Relay. This relay is developed from the original Siemen's [sic] relay.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IV. 476/2 If the same current flows through all coils in series, as in the early Siemen's [sic] electrodynamometer.., the instrument can be calibrated as an ammeter.

1867 R. S. Culley Handbk. Pract. Telegr. (ed. 2) ii. 30 ‘Siemens' Unit’ is one metre of pure mercury, of one square millimetre section, at a temperature of 32°. Thus the Ohm and the Siemens are really alike.

1899 J. E. Young Electr. Testing for Telegraph Engineers iv. 48 A third standard, Siemens's unit, equals 0·954 B.A. ohm.

1935 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 21 579 (table) Siemens.

1936 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 78 238/2 The names ‘hertz’ and ‘siemens’ likewise were voted for the names of the practical units of frequency and conductance respectively.

1963 H. G. Jerrard & D. B. McNeill Dict. Sci. Units 128 The siemens is the practical unit of conductance and is equivalent to the mho... The unit, although approved by the I.E.C. in 1933 has not yet replaced the mho.

1972 Physics Bull. Jan. 40/1 The 14th General conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) met in Paris on 4–7 October 1971... Amongst the main decisions taken by the conference were the final adoption..of the ‘pascal’ (Pa) as the si unit of pressure (Nm^—2) and the ‘siemens’ (S) as the si unit of conductance (Ω^—1).

1978 Nature 27 July 379/1 Unit ion conductances of a few picosiemens or greater have been reported.