siegen.
/siːdʒ/ I. A seat, and related uses.† 3. † 4. The anus or rectum. Obsolete.
1. † a. A seat, esp. one used by a person of rank or distinction. Obsolete.figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) i. ii. 22 I fetch my life and being, From Men of Royall Seige.† b. An ecclesiastical see. Obsolete.† c. Scottish. A bench or form; a class. Obsolete.† d. A class or category. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > [noun]
settlec897
siege?c1225
daisa1330
sitting placea1382
sellc1384
seata1400
seea1413
session1412
mastaba1603
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > throne
kine-settleeOE
kine-stoolOE
kine-seatc1175
seatc1175
siege?c1225
kine-benchc1275
seec1300
thronec1300
solera1340
soliec1400
propitiatory1603
soliuma1806
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 175 Þis sege & þeose crunen. haueð þi deciple þis ilke nicht of earned.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 228 Seue taperes weren in þe queor..And foure-and-twenti segene;..And þe Abbodes sege was a-midde þe queor.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 221 Þerynne is..dyuers oute goynges, benches, and seges [L. sedilia] all aboute.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 93 ‘Oure syre syttes,’ he says, ‘on sege so hyȝe’.
c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 3259 He..ledde hym to his tente,..And in his real seege and his chaiere As blyue hym sette.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iii. ii. 101 The Bisshop..blessid the syeges with grete Royalte..and there sette the viij and xx knyghtes in her syeges.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. clxii The scribe in wrytynge..Syttynge in his syege acloyde with couetyse.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. O5v Guyon..From lofty siege began these words aloud to sownd.
1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Benefits in tr. Seneca Wks. 148 The sieges in a Theater ordained for Knights, appertaine to all Knights of Rome.
1616 B. Jonson Oberon 294 in Wks. I The knights masquers sitting in their seuerall sieges.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > [noun] > see of
bishopricc890
shirec893
richeOE
bishopstoolc1065
siege1297
bishop-see1330
diocesec1330
seata1387
see?a1400
eveschiec1475
bishopwick1570
chair1615
parish1709
episcopate1807
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2813 Change worþ of bissopriches & þe digne sege iwis Worþ ybroȝt to kaunterbury, þat at londone nou is.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7760 He sente to Rome, to seint Romeyn,..He kepte þe sege of the apostoylle.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 50 So þat ani þing be askid for bischoppis, abbots, or oþer personis, to be putt in þer segis.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 398 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 40 Quhen pape cornel þe sege of rowme gouernyt wele.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 20 The kirk of Alexandrye said..yat sanct petir maid his sege thare and his charter.
1547 tr. A. de Marcourt Bk. Marchauntes (new ed.) c vj A woman which held and possessed the pontifical syedge two yeres.
1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin ix. 481 A day wherein..are offered the tributes which are due to the seege Apostolyke.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > group of students or pupils
class1560
siege1566
classis1643
reading party1781
lecture1848
study circle1882
seminar1889
study group1892
masterclass1901
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > bench > [noun]
bencheOE
binkc1175
bankc1275
forma1387
sede1552
siege1566
bench seat1825
1566 Bk. Discipline in Wks. J. Knox (1848) II. 213 In the first Colledge..of the Universitie thair be four classes or saigeis.
a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 69 Upon this premonition he continowes halff a yeir as guid a bern as was in the seage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class
kinc950
kindOE
distinction?c1225
rowc1300
spece1303
spice1303
fashionc1325
espicec1386
differencea1398
statec1450
sort?1523
notion1531
species1561
vein1568
brood1581
rank1585
order1588
race1590
breed1598
strain1612
batch1616
tap1623
siege1630
subdivision1646
notionality1651
category1660
denomination1664
footmark1666
genus1666
world1685
sortment1718
tribe1731
assortment1767
description1776
style1794
grouping1799
classification1803
subcategory1842
type1854
basket1916
1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 195 Wee will first proceed with such as follow, being ranked in the same Siedge, because Recreations of the same nature.
e. Siege Perilous n. the vacant seat at King Arthur's Round Table which could be occupied without peril only by the Knight destined to achieve the Grail. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > realm of imagination > [noun] > imaginary place > knight's chair
Siege Perilousc1470
c1230 La Queste del Saint Graal (1967) 4 Et einsi alerent tant qu'il vindrent au grant siege que len apeloit le Siege Perilleux.
c1230 La Queste del Saint Graal (1967) 7 Tuit li compaignon de la Table Reonde furent venu et li siege aempli, fors seulement cil que len apeloit le Siege Perilleus.]
c1470 T. Malory Wks. (1967) I. 102 But in the Sege Perelous there shall nevir man sitte but one, and yf there be ony so hardy to do hit he shall be destroyed, and he that shall sitte therein shall have no felowe.
1870 Ld. Tennyson Holy Grail 43 There stood a vacant chair... And Merlin call'd it ‘The Siege perilous’, Perilous for good and ill.
1922 J. Buchan Huntingtower xiii. 256 There in a coign of the old battlements he would prove an ugly customer to the pursuit. Only one at a time could reach that siege perilous.
1959 P. Le Gentil in R. S. Loomis Arthurian Lit. in Middle Ages xix. 261 Three scenes, the fateful occupation of the Siege Perilous and the two visits to the Grail castle, constitute the main pattern.
2. † a. A place in which one has his seat or residence; a seat of rule, empire, etc. Obsolete.figurative.1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xxxii. f. 63 He fixed her so fast in the siege of his remembrance, as if he had beene a younge man.1591 T. Lodge Catharos vi. 56 The braine, which according to some Philosophers is the siege of humane seed.† b. The place in which a thing is set, or on which a ship lies. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [noun]
resteOE
worthineeOE
settlea900
wickc900
houseOE
erdinga1000
teld-stedec1000
wonningc1000
innOE
bewistc1200
setnessc1200
wanea1225
i-holda1250
wonec1275
wunselec1275
wonning-place1303
bigginga1325
wonning-stede1338
tabernaclea1340
siegec1374
dwelling-placec1380
lodgingc1380
seea1382
tabernaclea1382
habitationc1384
mansionc1385
arresta1400
bowerc1400
wonning-wanec1400
lengingc1420
tenementc1425
tentc1430
abiding placea1450
mansion place1473
domicile1477
lendingc1480
inhabitance1482
biding-place?1520
seat1535
abode1549
remainingc1550
soil1555
household1585
mansion-seata1586
residing1587
habitance1590
fixation1614
situation?1615
commoratorya1641
haft1785
location1795
fanea1839
inhabitancy1853
habitat1854
occupancy1864
nivas1914
downsetting1927
society > authority > rule or government > seat of rule or government > [noun]
siegec1374
white house1973
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) i. pr. iv. 13 Is þis þe librarie wyche þat þou haddest chosen for a ryȝt certeyne sege to þe in myne house.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xix. 211 In that Cytee was the firste Sege of the Kyng of Mancy.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 194/2 He ordeyned and Instytuted Parys to be the chyef syege of the royame.
1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) viii. xliii. 186 He [sc. Constantine] made his Siege Bizantium, that retaines his name ere since.
1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 249 They may be fitly compared to the Hedge-hogge, who hath two holes in his siedge, one towards the South, another towards the North.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > [noun] > in which a thing is placed
siegec1380
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2183 Þe dore..fleȝ Out of þe Hokes & fram hir sege x. vet y-mete wel neȝ.
15.. Ship Laws in Balfour's Pract. (1774) 622 (Jam.) Gif the ship be on ane hard saige, the master sould gar the shipman amend it incontinent, that the ship tak na skaith.
c. The station of a heron on the watch for prey. Hence, a group or flock of herons. A siege of herons is included in most of the old lists of ‘companies of beasts and fowls’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > genus Ardea (heron) > group of
siegec1452
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > genus Ardea (heron) > place for
siegec1452
heronry1600
heronshaw1611
c1452 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1909) iii. 51 Sege of Betowrys. Sege of hayrynnys. Sege vnto a Castelle.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 113 Hauing found the Hearon at siege, you must get you with your Falcon vp into some high place.
a1640 P. Massinger Guardian i. i. 316 in 3 New Playes (1655) A Hearn put from her siege..shall mount So high [etc.].
1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 121 If you find a wild Hern at Siege.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xiii. 311/1 A Shegh of Herons.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod i. ii. 28 A sege of herons, and of bitterns.
1937 J. W. Day Sporting Adventure 106 They [sc. herons] are about in pairs instead of the ‘sieges’ of half a dozen or more which one met only a month ago fishing on the tide line.
1977 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 5 June 3/2 A siege of herons flying home against a sunset sky.
a. A privy. Also to go to siege, to go to stool, to ease oneself. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]
gongOE
privy?c1225
room-housec1275
chamber foreignc1300
wardrobea1325
privy chamberc1325
foreignc1390
siegec1400
stool1410
jakes1432
house of easementa1438
kocayc1440
siege-hole1440
siege-house1440
privy house1463
withdraught1493
draught1530
shield1535
bench-hole1542
common house1542
stool1542
jakes house1547
boggard1552
house of office?1560
purging place1577
little house1579
issue1588
Ajax1596
draught-house1597
private1600
necessary house1612
vault1617
longhouse1622
latrine1623
necessary1633
commonsa1641
gingerbread officea1643
boghouse1644
cloaca1645
passage-house1646
retreat1653
shithouse1659
closet of ease1662
garderobe1680
backside1704
office1727
bog?1731
house of ease1734
cuz-john1735
easing-chair1771
backhouse1800
outhouse1819
netty1825
petty1848
seat of ease1850
closet1869
bathroom1883
crapper1927
lat1927
shouse1941
biffy1942
shitholec1947
toot1965
shitter1967
woodshed1974
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [verb (intransitive)]
dritea1000
to do one's filthheadc1300
shit?c1335
to go to siegec1400
scumbera1425
cack1436
to do one's easementa1438
to ease nature, ease oneselfc1440
skite1449
to do of one's needingsc1475
fen1486
dung1508
spurge1530
to cover his feet1535
lask1540
stool1540
to exonerate nature1542
file1564
fiant1575
cucka1605
wray1620
exonerate1631
excrement1632
to do one's ease1645
sir-reverence1665
excrementizec1670
nest1679
poop1689
move1699
defecate1837
crap1874
mire1918
to make a mess1928
mess1937
to go poo-poo (also poo-poos)1960
potty1972
to do a whoopsie (or whoopsies)1973
pooh1975
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (Add. MS.) 12 Ȝif he may noȝt go to sege onys a day, helpe hym þereto oþere wit clysterye, oþere with suppositorye.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 122 Þis clerk..slew þaim bothe, & cut þaim in pecis & keste þaim in a sege.
1544 T. Phaer Of Pestilence (1553) O j b He ought euery day to goe to siege once.
1555 E. Bonner Profitable & Necessarye Doctryne U j Dooe they passe into the seage from us as other meates doe?
b. Evacuation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [noun]
purgationa1387
shitting1386
officec1395
outpassinga1398
subduction?a1425
easementa1438
cuckingc1440
siegea1475
evacuation?1533
stool1541
egestion1547
dunging1558
purging1579
stooling1599
cackc1600
motion1602
dejection1605
excretion1640
exclusion1646
purgament1650
exoneration1651
disenteration1654
orduring1654
crapping1673
passage1681
seat1697
opening1797
defecation1825
excreting1849
poopc1890
movement1891
job1899
shit?1927
crap1937
dump1942
soiling1943
gick1959
jobbie1981
pooh1981
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 181 Aftur slepe and sege, honeste will not hit denay.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 55 b If he which oftentymes unconstrayned hath had great sieges, be sodeynly stopped.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 574 The juyce of the wilde Letuce..scoureth by siege the waterie humours.
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. v. 19 The philosophicall salt is of greatest virtue and force to purge:..whether it bee the belly, by siege;..or the body, by sweate.
1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 244 Clogging medicines..are..carryed off by seidge.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical ix. 97 The Patient should swallow as much Aqua fortis, as would dissolve the Knife.., and bring it away by Seige.
c. Excrement, ordure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > faeces > [noun]
gorec725
mixeOE
quedeeOE
turdeOE
dungOE
worthinga1225
dirta1300
drega1300
naturea1325
fen1340
ordurec1390
fimea1475
merd1486
stercory1496
avoidc1503
siegec1530
fex1540
excrement1541
hinder-fallings1561
gong1562
foil1565
voiding1577
pilgrim-salvec1580
egestion1583
shita1585
sir-reverence1592
purgament1597
filinga1622
faecesa1625
exclusion1646
faecality1653
tantadlin1654
surreverence1655
draught1659
excrementitiousness1660
jakes1701
old golda1704
dejection1728
dejecture1731
shitea1733
feculence1733
doll1825
crap1846
excreta1857
excretes1883
hockey1886
dejecta1887
job1899
number two1902
mess1903
ming1923
do1930
tomtit1930
pony1931
No. 21937
dog shit1944
Shinola1944
big job1945
biggie1953
doo-doo1954
doings1957
gick1959
pooh1960
pooh-pooh1962
dooky1965
poopy1970
whoopsie1973
pucky1980
jobbie1981
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. L v The lordes syege, and ruall mennys ordure Be lyke of sauour.
1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 3 Make pillets thereof..and put that into the bodye; the same retayneth the sege.
a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters (1636) 72 Then he tels you that his Sieges were blacker then broth.
1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike 183 Less is discussed out of us, with a small and more hard siege or excrement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > intestines > [noun] > large intestine > rectum > anus
fundamentc1325
tewelc1386
arseholea1400
hindwina1400
eyec1405
anus?a1425
nachec1440
bung-hole?a1560
siege1561
vent1587
touch-hole1602
nockhole1610
bumhole1611
dung gate1619
asshole1865
cornholec1920
okole1938
chuff1945
ring1949
ring-piece1949
buttholea1960
rump1959
brown eye1967
poephol1969
1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 5 The same refrayne the vp braythinge into the head and driue downward to the siege.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 37 It helpeth..the inflammation of the eyes, and fundament or siege.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 144 I beheld them excluded by the passage of generation, near the orifice of the seidge.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. v. 215 His body was diseas'd in his youth with a great soreness in the Seige.
5. technical.
a. The floor of a glass-furnace.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > glass-making furnaces > specific areas
fine-arch1816
pot arch1819
bank1828
siege1839
glass-oven1875
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 577 The central space is occupied by the grate-bars; and on either side is the platform or fire~brick siege.
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 136 The rocky crust of clay left by the old pot on the furnace siege.
b. A hewer's table or bench.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > work-bench > for cutting stone
banker1700
siege1854
1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 329 To roll up a large stone to the sort of block-bench, or siege, as it is technically termed, on which the mass had to be hewn.
II. An action of besieging, and related uses.
6. figurative.1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxv. sig. E2v O how shall summers hunny breath hold out, Against the wrackfull siedge of battring dayes. View more context for this quotation1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. Dv Ile lay hard siege to her.1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. iv. 29 So that noe part of the body..be free from the siege of the dense body that presseth it.1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Theodore & Honoria in Fables 258 Love stood the Siege, and would not yield his Breast.1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 93. ⁋3 Interest and passion will hold out long against the closest siege of diagrams and syllogisms.
a. The action, on the part of an army, of investing a town, castle, etc., in order to cut off all outside communication and in the end to reduce or take it; an investment, beleaguering. Also const. of. Also transferred and figurative.In early use sometimes approaching the concrete sense of ‘investing force’. For the phrases to lay and to raise a siege see lay v.1 19 and raise v.1 29.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun]
sieginga1382
besieging1382
siegec1385
pursuitc1425
obsidionc1429
assizec1430
assieginga1450
sitting down1495
obsession1548
besiege1552
besiegement1564
assiegement1577
investion1590
investing1597
beleaguering1603
blocking1637
investiture1649
blockade1659
begirting1660
investment1702
beleaguerment1826
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by some hostile or injurious agency
onfalleOE
oncomea1225
sailing13..
visitinga1382
siegec1385
assault1508
visitation1535
assaulting1548
onset1566
assailment1592
blow1594
insult1603
attempt1662
attack1665
offencea1677
seizure1881
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Ariadne. 1909 Nysus doughtyr stod vp-on the wal, And of the sege saw the maner al.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7070 Her-of thar naman be in were, For-qui þe sege lasted ten yeire.
1415 T. Hoccleve Min. Poems ii. 197 Rede the storie of Lancelot de Lake,..The seege of Troie or Thebes.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) lii. 200 He was not seen of theym that were atte the syege.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlij After many battels and sundry sieges, he subdueth them.
?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 97 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 233 Now leve we our King lying at the sedge.
1609 T. Dekker Worke for Armorours sig. G3 So many troubles..following both the armies (by meanes of the tedious Siege).
1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 12 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Why fear you this seige.., secured by these walls and souldiers?
a1745 J. Swift Henry I in Wks. (1768) XIII. 275 In hopes to draw the enemy from the siege of so important a place.
1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives II. 141 He returned to the siege of Chalcedon.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. x. 94 We must..instant pray our Sovereign Liege To shun the perils of a siege.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 383/2 The penetrating power of the arms which would now be used at a siege is far greater than it used to be.
1911 Times 5 Jan. 6/2 (heading) Foreign opinion on the Stepney siege.
1980 Daily Tel. 5 June 8/6 Police forced their way into a flat..after a man had barricaded himself in... During the two-hour siege the man's wife sustained a broken nose.
b. Without article. to lay siege to: see lay v.1 19.
ΚΠ
a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS xxix. 38 Sone Sire Rollo wiþ his Route Bi-sette þat Citee wiþ sege a-boute.
1436 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 199 in Parl. Papers 1906 (Cd. 3218) LXIV. 1 Kyng Edward..lay at sege at the seid towne.
c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 443 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 163 To Ierusaleme..[he] com..& gret sege gert till It lay.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Y7v That castle to assaile..And lay strong siege about it.
c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 9 The King of England that tyme lyenge at seege before Turney in France.
1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces i. 74 He took the place, after Three years Siege.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xvi. 195 If my liege May win yon walls by storm or siege.
1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 415 Since the king declared Paris in a state of siege.
1873 H. E. H. King Disciples: Ugo Bassi (1877) vii. 258 Though choleric at times, Still a good ruler for a state of siege.
c. A period of illness, struggle, or difficulty. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > time of > prolonged
Way of the Cross?1504
siege1840
tunnel1879
the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > time of ill health
siege1898
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxvi. 287 From this [work] we escaped, having had a pretty good siege with the wooding.
1898 ‘E. C. Hall’ Aunt Jane of Kentucky 9 She was as pale and peaked as if she had been through a siege of typhoid.
1929 Randolph Enterprise (Elkins, W. Va.) 11 Apr. 1/1 The..Literary Society had another heavy siege Tuesday night of this week.
1952 R. Chandler Let. 31 July (1966) 27 She is weakened by a long siege of bronchitis.
1975 Publishers Weekly 11 Aug. 113/1 After her own siege with breast cancer, the author consulted with other victims.
Compounds
C1. Combinations, as siege-hole, siege-house. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]
gongOE
privy?c1225
room-housec1275
chamber foreignc1300
wardrobea1325
privy chamberc1325
foreignc1390
siegec1400
stool1410
jakes1432
house of easementa1438
kocayc1440
siege-hole1440
siege-house1440
privy house1463
withdraught1493
draught1530
shield1535
bench-hole1542
common house1542
stool1542
jakes house1547
boggard1552
house of office?1560
purging place1577
little house1579
issue1588
Ajax1596
draught-house1597
private1600
necessary house1612
vault1617
longhouse1622
latrine1623
necessary1633
commonsa1641
gingerbread officea1643
boghouse1644
cloaca1645
passage-house1646
retreat1653
shithouse1659
closet of ease1662
garderobe1680
backside1704
office1727
bog?1731
house of ease1734
cuz-john1735
easing-chair1771
backhouse1800
outhouse1819
netty1825
petty1848
seat of ease1850
closet1869
bathroom1883
crapper1927
lat1927
shouse1941
biffy1942
shitholec1947
toot1965
shitter1967
woodshed1974
1440 Coventry Leet Bk. 194 The sege houses in þe West~orcherd were graunte to hym.
1477–9 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 87 For clensyng of the Sege holis, xviij d.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xix. f. 170v A segehouse wold be vnder the open aire betwene two wallis.
1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. l. 353 It is hid in a..Siege-house or Jakes, where people Seldome come.
C2. Chiefly designating apparatus, etc., used in carrying out a siege.
a.
(a)
siege-artillery n.
ΚΠ
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iv. iv. 191 Fire and thunder, of siege and field artillery.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 625 Siege-artillery, the ordnance..used for overpowering the fire and destroying the defences of a fortified place.
siege-carriage n.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2175/1 It is mounted on a siege-carriage, and forms part of the train of an army.
siege-gun n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > siege-piece
piece of battery1570
siege-piece1801
siege-gun1858
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Siege-gun, a heavy gun..used to batter down or effect a breach in an enemy's wall.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2175/2 Siege-gun carriages differ from those of ordinary field-pieces in being stronger and heavier.
siege-machine n.
ΚΠ
1852 G. Grote Hist. Greece X. ii. lxxxii. 621 Having provided himself with fresh siege-machines.
siege-park n.
ΚΠ
1870 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Oct. 11 If..the German siege-park is composed of some four or five hundred guns.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) at Park A siege park comprises the guns collected together at the commencement of the investment of a fortress.
(b) † siege-garland n. Obsolete
siege-craft n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] > siegecraft
poliorcetics1569
siege-craft1898
1898 Athenæum 29 Oct. 603/1 There is..a treatise on siegecraft in the Vatican Library.
siege-day n.
ΚΠ
1884 Instr. Mil. Engin. (ed. 3) I. ii. 17 Separate intermediate depôts..containing the necessary supplies for a ‘siege day’.
ΚΠ
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 116 The same was called also an Obsidionall coronet or siege-garland.
siege-operations n.
ΚΠ
1862 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia III. xii. ii. 194 There ensued a ringing frost;—not favourable for Siege-operations.
siege-ward n.
ΚΠ
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. l. 353 They..sien there Tholome..That Comeng was tho to the segeward.
(c) (in transferred senses).
siege action n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun] > protest > forms of
rattening1828
polytechnic1835
restriction1852
lockout1853
ca'canny1896
restrictive practice1896
go-slow1920
hartal1920
lock-in1920
working to rule1920
work-to-rule1920
cacannyism1921
job actionc1926
slowdown1926
gherao1967
work-in1967
work-to-contract1969
sick-out1970
sick-in1974
siege action1977
1977 Evening Post (Nottingham) 24 Jan. 5/8 The threat to car jobs in the Midlands grew today as delivery drivers began another week of ‘siege action’ at three big Leyland factories.
siege tactics n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > action designed to isolate
siege tactics1977
1977 P. Hill Fanatics 109 Those two have been trained in siege tactics.
(d)
siege-train n.
ΚΠ
1859 G. R. Gleig Life Wellington xviii He had no siege-train at hand, nor any other means wherewith to approach the place in regular form.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 384 Siege Train, the men, guns, and material collected together for the conduct of a siege.
siege-wagon n.
ΚΠ
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 384 Siege Wagon, a general service wagon fitted with movable trays for shot and shell.
siege-wheel n.
ΚΠ
1879 Man. Siege & Garrison Artillery Exercises 135 Five-feet siege wheels with metal naves.
siege-work n.
ΚΠ
1888 Cent. Mag. Sept. 660/1 Pope..surrounded the place by siege-works in which he could protect his men.
b.
siege economy n. an economic situation in which the availability of imported goods is severely restricted by import controls and the export of capital is curtailed.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > types of economic system
free market1642
peasant economy1883
agriculturism1885
money economy1888
price system1889
external economy1890
peace economy1905
war economy1919
planned economy1924
market economy1929
circular economy1932
managed economy1932
mixed economy1936
market socialism1939
plural economy1939
market capitalism1949
external diseconomy1952
siege economy1962
knowledge economy1967
linear economy1968
EMU1969
wage economy1971
grey economy1977
EMS1978
enterprise culture1979
new economy1981
tiger1981
share economy1983
gig economy2009
1962 S. E. Finer Man on Horseback vii. 92 By 1940 the parties had been dissolved, the zaibitsu harnessed to a siege economy.
1979 H. S. Kent In on Act xii. 131 The phrase ‘siege economy’ is sometimes used today to conjure up a last desperate plight in which, under the protection of high tariff walls, we would try to grow our own food, labour grimly in our mines and make the things we needed most; and so control our foreign trade as to bring in the additional supplies that we could not do without.
siege mentality n. a defensive or paranoid attitude of mind based on an assumption of hostility in others.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > nervousness or uneasiness > [noun] > uneasiness or anxiety > defensive or paranoid attitude of mind
siege mentality1969
drawbridge mentality1975
1969 J. L. McKenzie Roman Catholic Church iii. iv. 222 This revival could not have come about without relaxation of the ‘siege mentality’.
1976 Deb. House of Commons (Canada) 8 Mar. 11590/2 With the growing siege mentality in the suburbs of our major urban areas, the people know that crime is not under control.
Draft additions July 2010
siege engine n. now historical a machine used in besieging a castle, town, etc.; spec. a catapult or trebuchet; cf. engine n. 4a.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > catapult
manubalista1460
catapult1577
siege engine1763
slingshot1849
shanghai1863
nigger-shooter1876
catty1893
1763 J. Mills & T. Blackwell Mem. Court Augustus III. x. 15 The Siege-Engines that loaded three hundred Carriages, and among the rest the famous Battering Ram..they broke into pieces and burnt.
1889 Classical Rev. 3 449/1 He has adopted plans from van Kampen and has added representations of siege-engines, entrenchments and the like.
1934 R. Graves I, Claudius xxxii. 464 The cavalry were on the wings and the siege-engines, mangonels, and catapults planted on sand-dunes.
2000 R. King Brunelleschi's Dome (2001) xiv. 125 Since the formula for gunpowder..had yet to be perfected, ancient and medieval devices such as siege engines, catapults and battering-rams were still in widespread use.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
siegev.
/siːdʒ/ 1. transitive. To besiege, beleaguer, lay siege to.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)]
belieOE
besita1100
beset?c1225
assiege1297
besiege1297
belayc1320
umsiegea1325
ensiegec1380
environa1382
to set before1382
siege1390
forset?a1400
foldc1400
setc1400
to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449
oppugn?a1475
pursue1488
obsess1503
ferma1522
gird1548
begird1589
beleaguer1590
block1591
invest1591
intermure1606
blockade1684
to lay blockade to1713
leaguer1720
to form the siege1776
cerne1857
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 348 Anon this Cite was withoute Belein and sieged al aboute.
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 2667 Quyklich to Tebe toun Hij wenten & seged it enviroun.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 226 Þer was..neuer cetie þat he segid bod he wan it.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 968 The cuntre rais quhen thai herd off sic thing To sege Dowglace.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 70 The kyng of France vas past ouer the alpes to seige paue.
?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 85 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 232 Then our King..Saith, ‘I will sedge it aboute within this seaven daies’.
1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 165 There plant thy Cannon siedge her round about. Be sure (my Boy) she cannot long hold out.
1637 T. Heywood Dial. iii, in Wks. (1874) VI. 141 Great Babylon, Mighty in walls, I sieg'd, and seised on.
1762 Gentleman's Mag. 33 333/1 'Tis not for me our arduous toils to shew; Nor tell 'midst dangers how we sieg'd the foe.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. iv. 96 They sieged him a whole summer night.
1893 National Observer 7 Jan. 184/2 He lived in the Castle when the French sieged it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)]
doeOE
layc950
seta1000
puta1225
dight1297
pilt?a1300
stow1362
stick1372
bestowc1374
affichea1382
posec1385
couchc1386
dressa1387
assize1393
yarkc1400
sita1425
place1442
colloque1490
siegea1500
stake1513
win1515
plat1529
collocate1548
campc1550
posit1645
posture1645
constitute1652
impose1681
sist1852
shove1902
spot1937
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > sit on [verb (transitive)] > seat or cause to sit
setc888
settleOE
sitc1300
to set downa1470
siegea1500
seat1623
plotz1969
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iii. l. 1084 Qwhar euir þat stane [ȝe] segit se, Þar sal þe Scottis be regnande.
1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iv. 141 Part on the right, part on the left this band Siedgeth it selfe, their wreakfull king before, Pluto sits in the mids.
Derivatives
sieged adj. /siːdʒd/
/siːdʒd/ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [adjective] > besieged or blockaded
assieged1383
besiegedc1440
ysegede?a1475
sieged1567
invested1582
beleaguered1644
leaguered1720
blockaded1747
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) v. f. 66v A chill colde sweat my sieged limmes opprest.
1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 140 These two could not agree, which he should part To sucker sieged frends.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads v. 205 Since in a sieged towne, I thought our horse-meate would be scant.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xviii. 292 Who to remoue the Foe from sieged Harflew, sent, Affrighted them like death.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. vii. 60/2 In sea-storms and sieged cities and other death-scenes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.?c1225
v.1390