simoomn.

Brit.

/sɪˈmuːm/, U.S.

/səˈmum/

Forms:

α. 1700s–1800s semoom, 1700s– samoum, 1700s– samum, 1700s– simoom, 1800s simoum, 1800s– samoom, 1800s– semoum, 1800s– semum, 1800s– simum.

β. 1700s– samoon, 1800s semoon, 1800s semoun, 1800s simun, 1800s– samoun, 1800s– samun, 1800s– simoon, 1800s– simoun.

Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic samūm.

Etymology: < Arabic samūm < samma to poison.Compare German Samum (1762 or earlier), French †samum (1763 or earlier), †smûm (1773). The β. forms reflect dissimilation of consonants, ultimately after the Arabic spoken variant simūn, recorded by R. Burton:1879 R. F. Burton Personal Narr. Pilgrimage to El-Medinah (ed. 3) viii. 103 Vulgar, and most erroneously called the Simoon. Compare French forms with final n, e.g. simoon (1791 in a translation of J. Bruce, who uses simoom throughout), semoun (1811 or earlier), simoun (1819; now the usual form), samoun (1837 or earlier).

1. Any of various hot dry desert winds, laden with dust and sand, which blow at intervals during the spring and summer, esp. in the Sahara and the Arabian peninsula.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > hot or warm wind > hot or warm and dry > from African and Asiatic deserts

harmattan1671

khamsin1685

samiel1687

simoom1763

red wind1857

loo1888

haboob1897

karaburan1903

sharav1968

α.

1763 Monthly Rev. June 571 The destroying Angel which overthrew the host of Sennacherib, was nothing more than a hot and pestilential wind, like that which the Arabs call Samûm or Sammiel.

1790 J. Bruce Trav. Source Nile IV. 559 The simoom..still continued to blow, so as to exhaust us entirely.

1817 Ld. Byron Manfred iii. i. 128 The red-hot breath of the most lone simoom, Which dwells but in the desert.

1832 J. Bell Syst. Geogr. IV. 231 The most dreadful of all winds is the famous semoum or samiel,..which prevails in the desert bounded by Bassora, Bagdad, Aleppo, and Mekka, and the effects of which are suffocation and immediate putrefaction of the body.

1865 W. G. Palgrave Narr. Journey through Arabia I. 18 The semoom was fairly upon us.

1986 J. Roberson Sword-Dancer 75 From all appearances they were unharmed and equally unsanded. Protected by the pouch, they'd slept through the entire simoom.

2008 S. China Morning Post (Nexis) 31 Aug. 6 Jean clings to her degrees and the status accorded by her high-profile husband like a monkey to a palm tree in a simoom.

β. 1790 Lit. Mag. & Brit. Rev. Nov. 373/1 He proceeded..to Rashio, in great haste, the Samoon, or hot wind, which blows there, having struck them, and, of the little company, all fell sick but Mr. Bruce.1860 A. J. Harvey Our Cruise Claymore vi. 129 Two days after their departure an unusually violent simoon came on, and every soul was buried in the sand.1931 A. A. Miller Climatol. xiv. 253 Similar winds to the foehn occur in all mountain districts, where cyclonic storms occur... The Chinook..is exactly similar, so are the Samun of Persia, descending from the mountains of Kurdistan,..and many others.2009 M. Welland Sand 2010 vi. 147 The winds have names: in North Africa, the simoun, the ‘poison wind’, is searingly hot and dry.

2. figurative and in extended use. Something likened to a simoom (sense 1); esp. a vigorous or voluminous stream (frequently of something). Cf. blast n.¹ 6c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent

tempestc1315

combustion1589

turbulence1598

turbulency1607

turbulentness1610

simoom1813

tornado1818

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > instance of > violent surge of something > specifically of words or feeling

spatec1614

sally1676

torrent1702

shower bath1808

simoom1813

irruption1883

1813 Courier 18 Dec. He [sc. Buonaparte] is ‘the Simoom of the desert’, and will therefore be ‘fatal to the vegetation’ of the country.

1821 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 6 Oct. The instinctive desire Withstands the simoom of despair.

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Feb. 1/1 All the force and fury of Mr. Gladstone's oratorical simoom.

1902 Academy 30 Aug. 223/2 If too fierce a simoom of criticism should blow, I shall shelter myself behind the Quarterly Review.

1970 N.Y. Mag. 12 Oct. 68/3 The slow thinkers of America..whose speech, however, is very fast, very hot air: a veritable simoom in the midst of which any pause would prove a blessed oasis.

1987 New Eng. Rev. & Bread Loaf Q. 9 376 Up on deck came all the happy wanderers in a simoom of brandy and cigarettes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† simoomv.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: simoom n.

Etymology: < simoom n.

Obsolete. rare.

transitive. To envelop or destroy like a simoom.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > annihilate or blot out of existence

dilghec897

defacec1386

annul1395

anientec1400

refer?c1400

extinct1484

annihil1490

delete1495

out-terma1500

perspoil1523

extaintc1540

extinguish1555

blot1561

wipe1564

to cut the throat of1565

annihilate1567

dissipatea1575

annihilate1586

nullify1609

nullize1615

expunge1628

nothing1637

null1647

extramund1654

be-nothing1674

erase1728

obliterate1798

simoom1821

to tear to shreds1837

snuff1852

mop1859

to take out1900

napoo1915

naught1958

1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 532/2 They are simoom'd—blasted—annihilated.

1873 Sacramento Daily Union 1 Jan. 3/1 The enchanting city of Mud Springs, where the gray dust threatens to simoom the surviving inhabitants.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019).

单词	simoom
释义	simoomn. Brit. /sɪˈmuːm/, U.S. /səˈmum/ Forms: α. 1700s–1800s semoom, 1700s– samoum, 1700s– samum, 1700s– simoom, 1800s simoum, 1800s– samoom, 1800s– semoum, 1800s– semum, 1800s– simum. β. 1700s– samoon, 1800s semoon, 1800s semoun, 1800s simun, 1800s– samoun, 1800s– samun, 1800s– simoon, 1800s– simoun. Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic samūm. Etymology: < Arabic samūm < samma to poison.Compare German Samum (1762 or earlier), French †samum (1763 or earlier), †smûm (1773). The β. forms reflect dissimilation of consonants, ultimately after the Arabic spoken variant simūn, recorded by R. Burton:1879 R. F. Burton Personal Narr. Pilgrimage to El-Medinah (ed. 3) viii. 103 Vulgar, and most erroneously called the Simoon. Compare French forms with final n, e.g. simoon (1791 in a translation of J. Bruce, who uses simoom throughout), semoun (1811 or earlier), simoun (1819; now the usual form), samoun (1837 or earlier). 1. Any of various hot dry desert winds, laden with dust and sand, which blow at intervals during the spring and summer, esp. in the Sahara and the Arabian peninsula. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > hot or warm wind > hot or warm and dry > from African and Asiatic deserts harmattan1671 khamsin1685 samiel1687 simoom1763 red wind1857 loo1888 haboob1897 karaburan1903 sharav1968 α. 1763 Monthly Rev. June 571 The destroying Angel which overthrew the host of Sennacherib, was nothing more than a hot and pestilential wind, like that which the Arabs call Samûm or Sammiel. 1790 J. Bruce Trav. Source Nile IV. 559 The simoom..still continued to blow, so as to exhaust us entirely. 1817 Ld. Byron Manfred iii. i. 128 The red-hot breath of the most lone simoom, Which dwells but in the desert. 1832 J. Bell Syst. Geogr. IV. 231 The most dreadful of all winds is the famous semoum or samiel,..which prevails in the desert bounded by Bassora, Bagdad, Aleppo, and Mekka, and the effects of which are suffocation and immediate putrefaction of the body. 1865 W. G. Palgrave Narr. Journey through Arabia I. 18 The semoom was fairly upon us. 1986 J. Roberson Sword-Dancer 75 From all appearances they were unharmed and equally unsanded. Protected by the pouch, they'd slept through the entire simoom. 2008 S. China Morning Post (Nexis) 31 Aug. 6 Jean clings to her degrees and the status accorded by her high-profile husband like a monkey to a palm tree in a simoom. β. 1790 Lit. Mag. & Brit. Rev. Nov. 373/1 He proceeded..to Rashio, in great haste, the Samoon, or hot wind, which blows there, having struck them, and, of the little company, all fell sick but Mr. Bruce.1860 A. J. Harvey Our Cruise Claymore vi. 129 Two days after their departure an unusually violent simoon came on, and every soul was buried in the sand.1931 A. A. Miller Climatol. xiv. 253 Similar winds to the foehn occur in all mountain districts, where cyclonic storms occur... The Chinook..is exactly similar, so are the Samun of Persia, descending from the mountains of Kurdistan,..and many others.2009 M. Welland Sand 2010 vi. 147 The winds have names: in North Africa, the simoun, the ‘poison wind’, is searingly hot and dry. 2. figurative and in extended use. Something likened to a simoom (sense 1); esp. a vigorous or voluminous stream (frequently of something). Cf. blast n.¹ 6c. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent tempestc1315 combustion1589 turbulence1598 turbulency1607 turbulentness1610 simoom1813 tornado1818 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > instance of > violent surge of something > specifically of words or feeling spatec1614 sally1676 torrent1702 shower bath1808 simoom1813 irruption1883 1813 Courier 18 Dec. He [sc. Buonaparte] is ‘the Simoom of the desert’, and will therefore be ‘fatal to the vegetation’ of the country. 1821 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 6 Oct. The instinctive desire Withstands the simoom of despair. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Feb. 1/1 All the force and fury of Mr. Gladstone's oratorical simoom. 1902 Academy 30 Aug. 223/2 If too fierce a simoom of criticism should blow, I shall shelter myself behind the Quarterly Review. 1970 N.Y. Mag. 12 Oct. 68/3 The slow thinkers of America..whose speech, however, is very fast, very hot air: a veritable simoom in the midst of which any pause would prove a blessed oasis. 1987 New Eng. Rev. & Bread Loaf Q. 9 376 Up on deck came all the happy wanderers in a simoom of brandy and cigarettes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † simoomv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: simoom n. Etymology: < simoom n. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To envelop or destroy like a simoom. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > annihilate or blot out of existence dilghec897 defacec1386 annul1395 anientec1400 refer?c1400 extinct1484 annihil1490 delete1495 out-terma1500 perspoil1523 extaintc1540 extinguish1555 blot1561 wipe1564 to cut the throat of1565 annihilate1567 dissipatea1575 annihilate1586 nullify1609 nullize1615 expunge1628 nothing1637 null1647 extramund1654 be-nothing1674 erase1728 obliterate1798 simoom1821 to tear to shreds1837 snuff1852 mop1859 to take out1900 napoo1915 naught1958 1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 532/2 They are simoom'd—blasted—annihilated. 1873 Sacramento Daily Union 1 Jan. 3/1 The enchanting city of Mud Springs, where the gray dust threatens to simoom the surviving inhabitants. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019). < n.1763v.1821
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