silln.¹

Brit.

/sɪl/, U.S.

/sɪl/

Forms: α. Old English syl, Old English, Middle English–1500s syll(e, sulle, Middle English, 1600s sille; 1500s Scottish schyll, 1600s, 1800s sil, 1600s– sill, 1800s cill. β. Middle English selle, 1600s–1800s sell; Middle English celle, 1700s–1800s cell.

Etymology: Old English syll and sylle, = Middle Dutch sulle, Middle Low German sulle, sul (Low German süll), related to Middle Dutch sille, zille (Frisian sille), Middle Low German sille (Low German sill), and to Old Norse and Norwegian svill, syll (modern Icelandic sylla), Middle Swedish and Swedish syll (dialect svill), Danish syld, also Old High German swelli, swella (Middle High German swelle, German schwelle). The precise relationship of these types to each other, and to Gothic gasuljan to found, or to Latin solea the foundation of a wattled wall (Festus), is not clear.

a. A strong horizontal timber (occasionally a stone or iron substitute for this) serving as the foundation of a wall (esp. in the building of framed houses) or other structure, = groundsel n.² 1; hence, †a large beam or piece of squared timber. Also figurative.In Middle English poetry sometimes used in the sense of ‘floor’.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports

sillc897

sole-tree1527

spur1529

brace1530

rance1574

strut1587

ground pin1632

ground-plate1663

strut-beam1668

wale-piece1739

strutting-beam1753

wale1754

stretcher1774

tie1793

tie-beam1823

strutting1833

lattice frame1838

tie-bolt1838

tie rod1839

brace-rod1844

web1845

box girder1849

plate girder1849

lattice beam1850

lattice girder1852

girder1853

twister1875

under-girder1875

truss-beam1877

raker1880

wind-bracing1890

portal strut1894

stirrup1909

knee-brace1912

tee-beam1930

tee section1963

binder-

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > roughly squared beam

beam978

balka1400

needle1428

joist1487

sill1488

rafter1553

timbera1575

bat1577

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care i. 27 Ðonne hi ne beoð mid nanre sylle underscotene ðæs godcundlican mægenes.

OE Beowulf 775 Þær fram sylle abeag medubenc monig.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 144 Ða bæd he hi anre sylle, þæt he mihte þæt hus on ða sæ healfe mid þære underlecgan.

c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 636 He fond nowthir to selle, Ne breed ne ale, til he com to the selle, Upon the floor.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 55 For al watȝ þis fayre folk in her first age, on sille.

c1400 Rowland & O. 9 Of doghety men I schall ȝow telle, Þat were full..Semely appon Sille.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 456/1 Sylle, of an howse, silla, soliva.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 136 Off hewyn temyr in haist he gert thaim tak, Syllys off ayk, and a stark barres mak.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. ix. 70 Sum to the ȝettis weltis wechty stanis, And sum gret geistis and sillys for the nanis.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. viii. xix. f. 108/2 Ambrose..brocht mony huge sillis & treis out of the nixt wod.

1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 11 Every stone under the Sill supports not the house.

1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Sell, in Architecture, is the Term..for the lowest piece of Timber in a Timber-building.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Bay A cross Cell to hold in the side Cells from flying out.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §100 Three-inch planks..spiked down upon the ridge-tree and upon the sills on each side.

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 387/1 The sills upon the pier-piling of the Selby bridge are fixed as opportunities are presented at low water.

1861 H. Stephens & R. S. Burn Bk. Farm-buildings 375 The lining..should be carried over the sill and nailed to it; the sill being wider than the studding [etc.].

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Sill,..the bottom of a fixed bench, pew, or other like wooden erection.

attributive.c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 449 Traches et trenchons, Sulle-trees and splentes.1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. 330 The floor and sill wall of the upper study.1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. II. 14 The arches are fenced below by a low sill-wall.

b. dialect and U.S. One of the lower framing-timbers of a cart or railway-car.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > parts of frame of

under-frame1855

headstock1869

cant-rail1871

sill1874

transom1891

sole-bar1930

crib-rail1958

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > frame of cart or carriage > lower frame timber(s)

sole1843

sill1874

1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 457/2 The bodies consisting of sills, to which the journal-boxes were bolted.

1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Sills, the bottom and side pieces which form the skeleton-frame of the body of a cart or waggon—the foundation of its superstructure.

c. The lower horizontal members of the frame of a motor vehicle.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > frame or chassis > horizontal frame members

roof rail1794

rail1904

cross-member1922

sill1959

1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) i. 17 In the case of the Austin, a normal pressed-steel body was used, the channel-section sills of which were joined to the open faces of the channel section side-members to form substantial box sections.

1976 Drive Sept. 75/1 The high boxed sills were a necessary structural link between the front and rear of the car.

1980 Daily Tel. 11 Sept. 7 (advt.) Full underbody sealing and wax injection of sills and cross-members.

a. The piece of wood- or stone-work forming the lower horizontal part of a window-opening. Cf. windowsill n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > window-sill

sill1428

leaning-place1530

leaning-board1533

window-sole1570

leaning1663

stool1663

window ledge1679

window stoola1684

windowsill1703

window board1722

window shelf1795

window-bottom1820

window stone1822

1428 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 6 Unwroughte Stapylton stoone; reidy hewe for the saame for wyndowes, wyndow Iambes and sills.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 29 The head of the Windowes, as well as the..James, and Sils.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 252 The sills of windows have been mostly made from three feet to three feet six inches distant from the level of the floor.

1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. ii. 37 A recess in the sill with a seat in each side, the usual characteristic of a domestic window.

1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xviii. 297 She..placed the plate outside the open window, on the sill.

figurative.1858 C. Kingsley Longbeard's Saga 80 High in Valhalla A window stands open; Its sill is the snow-peaks.in combination.1885 C. M. Yonge Nuttie's Father I. i. 6 Lovely sill boxes full of flowers in the windows.1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Sill-course, a course of masonry in line with a window-sill.1955 Archit. Rev. 118 126/1 Panels of woven cane hanging from the sillboards cover the radiators.

b. Nautical. A port-sill (see quots. and port n.³ Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > other parts of body of vessel > [noun] > opening in side of vessel > for light air > sill or gutter of

sill1815

water table1821

rigol1921

1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Sills of the Ports, or Port-sills..pieces of oak timber, let in horizontally between the frames to form the upper and lower sides of the ports.

1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 123 Sills, pieces of timber put in horizontally between the frames to form and secure any opening; as, for ports.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 626.

c. Fortification. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > battlements > embrasure > front of

sill1859

1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 248 The sill is the front of the sole.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2182/2 Sill.., the inner edge of the bottom or sole of an embrasure.

a. The threshold of a door or gateway; the lower horizontal part of a door-case. Cf. door-sill n. and groundsel n.² 2. Also in combinations.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of door > [noun] > threshold or door-step

thresholdeOE

hirst1513

groundsel1523

treadsole1543

door-sill1570

sill1600

step-stone1605

doorstep1810

1600 P. Holland tr. J. B. Marlianus Svmmary Topogr. Rome ii. x, in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1359 The lintell, cheekes and sill of the Capitoll dore, were made all of brasse.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 29 Trauailers..Make haste enough, if onely the First Day From their owne Sill they set but on their way.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. i. ii. 541 When he can scarce lift his legge ouer a sill.

1727 J. Swift Progr. Poetry in Misc. Last vol. 243 The Farmer's Goose..Grown fat with Corn..Can scarce get o'er the Barn-Door Sill.

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Sill (of a door), threshold.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 310 Cills—These belong to the apertures of the doors and windows, at the bottom of which they are fixed.

a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) i. 173 O Poverty!..he who on thy naked sill has stood [etc.].

1906 Expositor Aug. 131 He laid bare an ancient gateway with four sills, one above the other.

in combination.1870 Jrnl. Ethnological Soc. 2 417 At each end of this passage, and at right angles to it, are two square or somewhat oblong chambers. The first..was about 3 feet in width. Where it joined the central passage was a sillstone.1981 Glasgow Archaeol. Jrnl. 8 52/2 The main uprights were set in newly dug postholes, linked by sillbeam trenches.in extended use.1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Sursueil, the vpper sill, or head~peece of a doore; the peece of timber that lyes ouer a doore.

b. Mining. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > other places in mine

work1474

firework1606

stemple1653

stool1653

bink1675

engine pit1687

swamp1691

feeder1702

wall1728

bag1742

sill1747

stope1747

rose cistern1778

striking-house1824

plat1828

stemplar1828

screen chamber1829

offtake1835

footwall1837

triple pit1839

stamp1849

paddock1852

working floor1858

pit house1866

ground-sluice1869

screen tower1871

planilla1877

undercurrent1877

mill1878

blanket-sluice1881

stringing-deal1881

wagon-breast1881

brushing-bed1883

poppet-leg1890

slippet1898

stable1906

overcut1940

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Siv When Doorsteds are used, and the Sole of the Drift so soft, that it will not bear the Forks,..then we clap a Sill under them, which is a piece of Wood lay'd across the Drift.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 175 Sill,..a piece of wood laid across a drift to constitute a frame with the posts and to carry the track of the tramway.

c. A horizontal timber (or structure) at the bottom of the entrance to a dock or canal-lock, against which the gates close.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [noun] > navigable waterway > canal > lock or chamber > structure against which gates close

sill1789

1789 Trans. Soc. Arts 55 To raise the sill or threshold of the flood-gates..twenty inches.

1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Great Brit. ii. 6 The gates clap against a sill of oak.

1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers II. 161 The bottom of ‘the Deeps’..was only two feet, six inches above the cill of Maud Foster Sluice.

1892 Law Times Rep. 65 590/1 The lock had been lengthened since its original construction, but an old sill had been left.

d. A horizontal timber, etc., rising above the level of a roadway.

ΚΠ

1832 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges (ed. 2) vii. 394 The whole is easily moved forward to the edge of the gap, where a high sill should be laid, to prevent the wheels from approaching too near.

e. A high ridge on the sea bed that effectively separates the bodies of water on either side.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > undersea ridge

ridge system1819

oceanic ridge1915

sill1933

ridge1944

mid-ocean ridge1961

ocean ridge1961

1933 Geogr. Jrnl. 81 571 Hamish island, situated on the shallow sill of the Red Sea.

1942 O. D. von Engeln Geomorphol. xix. 468 They [sc. fiords] are closed at the seaward end by a distinct rock sill at shallow depth, beyond which the descent to the deeper ocean waters begins.

1978 Nature 14 Dec. 680/2 Outflowing Mediterranean subsurface waters... They spill over the sill at Gibraltar (330 m).

a. A kind of clay found in coal-measures. Also attributive, as sill-coal, sill-pencil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > clay > [noun] > in coal measures

clunch1686

soap-scale1704

sill1774

poundstone1799

clunch-clay1815

blond-metal1831

1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 491 A shining kind of stony clay, called by the miners sill, lying in large beds in coal grounds.

1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Sill-coal, coal which my informant describes as being found ‘in the clunches’.

1899 E. W. Prevost Dickinson's Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (new ed.) Sill, the soft clay of the coal measures, used for slate pencils, which are called sill pencils.

b. A bed, layer, or stratum of rock, esp. of an intrusive igneous rock. In modern use, a tabular igneous intrusion lying parallel to the surrounding strata.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > intrusion > sill

sill1794

whin-sill1839

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > of stone or soil

sill1794

sheet1815

sheeting1891

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > hard stratum

rib1667

sill1794

burnt stuff1852

1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. [49]/1 Great sill red, near the bottom is alabaster, gypsum alabastrum.

1821 W. Forster Section of Strata 95 Slate Sills. These Strata are of a Siliceous kind, and frequently contain small particles of mica.

1880 Geol. Mag. 433 The ‘Slate Sills’ and the ‘Coal Sills’ are particular beds of sandstone in the Yoredale Series.

1894 Naturalist 222 Intrusive igneous rocks in sills and dykes in all the Silurians.

1914 J. P. Iddings Probl. of Volcanism vii. 222 Intrusions along bedding planes of stratified rocks are commonly called sills at whatever angle they may be tilted, and intrusions in fractures that transgress stratified beds are usually classed as dikes.

1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 68 Fine examples of sills are the Carboniferous dolerite sill that forms Salisbury Crags in Edinburgh, Scotland, and the Palisades sill, up to 350m (1000ft) thick, along the west bank of the Hudson River near New York.

attributive.1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 159 The east drift, same level, on the sill-floor, has attained a length of 92 feet.

c. Geology. (See quot.)

ΚΠ

1925 J. Joly Surface-hist. Earth Gloss. 192 Sill, a fissure in the surface crust extending more or less horizontally.

a. The foot or lower part of a title page or title.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [noun] > page > first or title page > lower part of

sill1834

1834 Lowndes Bibliogr. Man. I. 426 On the sell of the compartment of the title-page is the date of 1534.

1881 Bradshaw in Bibliographer Dec. 10/2 The sill of the text-title contains the device of Martin de Keyser, while the sill of the general title contains a blank shield.

b. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > sole

sole1678

slade1867

sill1877

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > other parts of plough

plough-line1384

plough-strake1395

cleat1419

weigh-tree1578

spindle1616

pole wedge1733

table1763

throat1771

brace1808

wang1808

wing-bar1844

sill1877

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Sill.., the bottom part of a plough which slips along the ground in ploughing.

1895 W. Rye Gloss. Words E. Anglia Sill Iron, the iron which connects the plough with the standards, jigs, or carriage, of a Norfolk plough.

c. The bottom of a hedge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence > a hedge > bottom of

sill1883

1883 Daily News 1 Sept. 4/7 Although the hen prefers the sill of a hedgerow for her rough nest, she not unfrequently makes it in a cornfield.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sill
释义	silln.¹ Brit. /sɪl/, U.S. /sɪl/ Forms: α. Old English syl, Old English, Middle English–1500s syll(e, sulle, Middle English, 1600s sille; 1500s Scottish schyll, 1600s, 1800s sil, 1600s– sill, 1800s cill. β. Middle English selle, 1600s–1800s sell; Middle English celle, 1700s–1800s cell. Etymology: Old English syll and sylle, = Middle Dutch sulle, Middle Low German sulle, sul (Low German süll), related to Middle Dutch sille, zille (Frisian sille), Middle Low German sille (Low German sill), and to Old Norse and Norwegian svill, syll (modern Icelandic sylla), Middle Swedish and Swedish syll (dialect svill), Danish syld, also Old High German swelli, swella (Middle High German swelle, German schwelle). The precise relationship of these types to each other, and to Gothic gasuljan to found, or to Latin solea the foundation of a wattled wall (Festus), is not clear. 1. a. A strong horizontal timber (occasionally a stone or iron substitute for this) serving as the foundation of a wall (esp. in the building of framed houses) or other structure, = groundsel n.² 1; hence, †a large beam or piece of squared timber. Also figurative.In Middle English poetry sometimes used in the sense of ‘floor’. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports sillc897 sole-tree1527 spur1529 brace1530 rance1574 strut1587 ground pin1632 ground-plate1663 strut-beam1668 wale-piece1739 strutting-beam1753 wale1754 stretcher1774 tie1793 tie-beam1823 strutting1833 lattice frame1838 tie-bolt1838 tie rod1839 brace-rod1844 web1845 box girder1849 plate girder1849 lattice beam1850 lattice girder1852 girder1853 twister1875 under-girder1875 truss-beam1877 raker1880 wind-bracing1890 portal strut1894 stirrup1909 knee-brace1912 tee-beam1930 tee section1963 binder- society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > roughly squared beam beam978 balka1400 needle1428 joist1487 sill1488 rafter1553 timbera1575 bat1577 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care i. 27 Ðonne hi ne beoð mid nanre sylle underscotene ðæs godcundlican mægenes. OE Beowulf 775 Þær fram sylle abeag medubenc monig. c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 144 Ða bæd he hi anre sylle, þæt he mihte þæt hus on ða sæ healfe mid þære underlecgan. c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 636 He fond nowthir to selle, Ne breed ne ale, til he com to the selle, Upon the floor. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 55 For al watȝ þis fayre folk in her first age, on sille. c1400 Rowland & O. 9 Of doghety men I schall ȝow telle, Þat were full..Semely appon Sille. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 456/1 Sylle, of an howse, silla, soliva. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 136 Off hewyn temyr in haist he gert thaim tak, Syllys off ayk, and a stark barres mak. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. ix. 70 Sum to the ȝettis weltis wechty stanis, And sum gret geistis and sillys for the nanis. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. viii. xix. f. 108/2 Ambrose..brocht mony huge sillis & treis out of the nixt wod. 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 11 Every stone under the Sill supports not the house. 1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Sell, in Architecture, is the Term..for the lowest piece of Timber in a Timber-building. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Bay A cross Cell to hold in the side Cells from flying out. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §100 Three-inch planks..spiked down upon the ridge-tree and upon the sills on each side. 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 387/1 The sills upon the pier-piling of the Selby bridge are fixed as opportunities are presented at low water. 1861 H. Stephens & R. S. Burn Bk. Farm-buildings 375 The lining..should be carried over the sill and nailed to it; the sill being wider than the studding [etc.]. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Sill,..the bottom of a fixed bench, pew, or other like wooden erection. attributive.c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 449 Traches et trenchons, Sulle-trees and splentes.1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. 330 The floor and sill wall of the upper study.1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. II. 14 The arches are fenced below by a low sill-wall. b. dialect and U.S. One of the lower framing-timbers of a cart or railway-car. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > parts of frame of under-frame1855 headstock1869 cant-rail1871 sill1874 transom1891 sole-bar1930 crib-rail1958 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > frame of cart or carriage > lower frame timber(s) sole1843 sill1874 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 457/2 The bodies consisting of sills, to which the journal-boxes were bolted. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Sills, the bottom and side pieces which form the skeleton-frame of the body of a cart or waggon—the foundation of its superstructure. c. The lower horizontal members of the frame of a motor vehicle. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > frame or chassis > horizontal frame members roof rail1794 rail1904 cross-member1922 sill1959 1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) i. 17 In the case of the Austin, a normal pressed-steel body was used, the channel-section sills of which were joined to the open faces of the channel section side-members to form substantial box sections. 1976 Drive Sept. 75/1 The high boxed sills were a necessary structural link between the front and rear of the car. 1980 Daily Tel. 11 Sept. 7 (advt.) Full underbody sealing and wax injection of sills and cross-members. 2. a. The piece of wood- or stone-work forming the lower horizontal part of a window-opening. Cf. windowsill n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > window-sill sill1428 leaning-place1530 leaning-board1533 window-sole1570 leaning1663 stool1663 window ledge1679 window stoola1684 windowsill1703 window board1722 window shelf1795 window-bottom1820 window stone1822 1428 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 6 Unwroughte Stapylton stoone; reidy hewe for the saame for wyndowes, wyndow Iambes and sills. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 29 The head of the Windowes, as well as the..James, and Sils. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 252 The sills of windows have been mostly made from three feet to three feet six inches distant from the level of the floor. 1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. ii. 37 A recess in the sill with a seat in each side, the usual characteristic of a domestic window. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xviii. 297 She..placed the plate outside the open window, on the sill. figurative.1858 C. Kingsley Longbeard's Saga 80 High in Valhalla A window stands open; Its sill is the snow-peaks.in combination.1885 C. M. Yonge Nuttie's Father I. i. 6 Lovely sill boxes full of flowers in the windows.1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Sill-course, a course of masonry in line with a window-sill.1955 Archit. Rev. 118 126/1 Panels of woven cane hanging from the sillboards cover the radiators. b. Nautical. A port-sill (see quots. and port n.³ Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > other parts of body of vessel > [noun] > opening in side of vessel > for light air > sill or gutter of sill1815 water table1821 rigol1921 1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Sills of the Ports, or Port-sills..pieces of oak timber, let in horizontally between the frames to form the upper and lower sides of the ports. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 123 Sills, pieces of timber put in horizontally between the frames to form and secure any opening; as, for ports. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 626. c. Fortification. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > battlements > embrasure > front of sill1859 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 248 The sill is the front of the sole. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2182/2 Sill.., the inner edge of the bottom or sole of an embrasure. 3. a. The threshold of a door or gateway; the lower horizontal part of a door-case. Cf. door-sill n. and groundsel n.² 2. Also in combinations. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of door > [noun] > threshold or door-step thresholdeOE hirst1513 groundsel1523 treadsole1543 door-sill1570 sill1600 step-stone1605 doorstep1810 1600 P. Holland tr. J. B. Marlianus Svmmary Topogr. Rome ii. x, in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1359 The lintell, cheekes and sill of the Capitoll dore, were made all of brasse. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 29 Trauailers..Make haste enough, if onely the First Day From their owne Sill they set but on their way. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. i. ii. 541 When he can scarce lift his legge ouer a sill. 1727 J. Swift Progr. Poetry in Misc. Last vol. 243 The Farmer's Goose..Grown fat with Corn..Can scarce get o'er the Barn-Door Sill. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Sill (of a door), threshold. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 310 Cills—These belong to the apertures of the doors and windows, at the bottom of which they are fixed. a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) i. 173 O Poverty!..he who on thy naked sill has stood [etc.]. 1906 Expositor Aug. 131 He laid bare an ancient gateway with four sills, one above the other. in combination.1870 Jrnl. Ethnological Soc. 2 417 At each end of this passage, and at right angles to it, are two square or somewhat oblong chambers. The first..was about 3 feet in width. Where it joined the central passage was a sillstone.1981 Glasgow Archaeol. Jrnl. 8 52/2 The main uprights were set in newly dug postholes, linked by sillbeam trenches.in extended use.1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Sursueil, the vpper sill, or head~peece of a doore; the peece of timber that lyes ouer a doore. b. Mining. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > other places in mine work1474 firework1606 stemple1653 stool1653 bink1675 engine pit1687 swamp1691 feeder1702 wall1728 bag1742 sill1747 stope1747 rose cistern1778 striking-house1824 plat1828 stemplar1828 screen chamber1829 offtake1835 footwall1837 triple pit1839 stamp1849 paddock1852 working floor1858 pit house1866 ground-sluice1869 screen tower1871 planilla1877 undercurrent1877 mill1878 blanket-sluice1881 stringing-deal1881 wagon-breast1881 brushing-bed1883 poppet-leg1890 slippet1898 stable1906 overcut1940 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Siv When Doorsteds are used, and the Sole of the Drift so soft, that it will not bear the Forks,..then we clap a Sill under them, which is a piece of Wood lay'd across the Drift. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 175 Sill,..a piece of wood laid across a drift to constitute a frame with the posts and to carry the track of the tramway. c. A horizontal timber (or structure) at the bottom of the entrance to a dock or canal-lock, against which the gates close. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [noun] > navigable waterway > canal > lock or chamber > structure against which gates close sill1789 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts 55 To raise the sill or threshold of the flood-gates..twenty inches. 1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Great Brit. ii. 6 The gates clap against a sill of oak. 1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers II. 161 The bottom of ‘the Deeps’..was only two feet, six inches above the cill of Maud Foster Sluice. 1892 Law Times Rep. 65 590/1 The lock had been lengthened since its original construction, but an old sill had been left. d. A horizontal timber, etc., rising above the level of a roadway. ΚΠ 1832 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges (ed. 2) vii. 394 The whole is easily moved forward to the edge of the gap, where a high sill should be laid, to prevent the wheels from approaching too near. e. A high ridge on the sea bed that effectively separates the bodies of water on either side. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > undersea ridge ridge system1819 oceanic ridge1915 sill1933 ridge1944 mid-ocean ridge1961 ocean ridge1961 1933 Geogr. Jrnl. 81 571 Hamish island, situated on the shallow sill of the Red Sea. 1942 O. D. von Engeln Geomorphol. xix. 468 They [sc. fiords] are closed at the seaward end by a distinct rock sill at shallow depth, beyond which the descent to the deeper ocean waters begins. 1978 Nature 14 Dec. 680/2 Outflowing Mediterranean subsurface waters... They spill over the sill at Gibraltar (330 m). 4. a. A kind of clay found in coal-measures. Also attributive, as sill-coal, sill-pencil. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > clay > [noun] > in coal measures clunch1686 soap-scale1704 sill1774 poundstone1799 clunch-clay1815 blond-metal1831 1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 491 A shining kind of stony clay, called by the miners sill, lying in large beds in coal grounds. 1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Sill-coal, coal which my informant describes as being found ‘in the clunches’. 1899 E. W. Prevost Dickinson's Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (new ed.) Sill, the soft clay of the coal measures, used for slate pencils, which are called sill pencils. b. A bed, layer, or stratum of rock, esp. of an intrusive igneous rock. In modern use, a tabular igneous intrusion lying parallel to the surrounding strata. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > intrusion > sill sill1794 whin-sill1839 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > of stone or soil sill1794 sheet1815 sheeting1891 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > hard stratum rib1667 sill1794 burnt stuff1852 1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. [49]/1 Great sill red, near the bottom is alabaster, gypsum alabastrum. 1821 W. Forster Section of Strata 95 Slate Sills. These Strata are of a Siliceous kind, and frequently contain small particles of mica. 1880 Geol. Mag. 433 The ‘Slate Sills’ and the ‘Coal Sills’ are particular beds of sandstone in the Yoredale Series. 1894 Naturalist 222 Intrusive igneous rocks in sills and dykes in all the Silurians. 1914 J. P. Iddings Probl. of Volcanism vii. 222 Intrusions along bedding planes of stratified rocks are commonly called sills at whatever angle they may be tilted, and intrusions in fractures that transgress stratified beds are usually classed as dikes. 1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 68 Fine examples of sills are the Carboniferous dolerite sill that forms Salisbury Crags in Edinburgh, Scotland, and the Palisades sill, up to 350m (1000ft) thick, along the west bank of the Hudson River near New York. attributive.1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 159 The east drift, same level, on the sill-floor, has attained a length of 92 feet. c. Geology. (See quot.) ΚΠ 1925 J. Joly Surface-hist. Earth Gloss. 192 Sill, a fissure in the surface crust extending more or less horizontally. 5. a. The foot or lower part of a title page or title. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [noun] > page > first or title page > lower part of sill1834 1834 Lowndes Bibliogr. Man. I. 426 On the sell of the compartment of the title-page is the date of 1534. 1881 Bradshaw in Bibliographer Dec. 10/2 The sill of the text-title contains the device of Martin de Keyser, while the sill of the general title contains a blank shield. b. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > sole sole1678 slade1867 sill1877 the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > other parts of plough plough-line1384 plough-strake1395 cleat1419 weigh-tree1578 spindle1616 pole wedge1733 table1763 throat1771 brace1808 wang1808 wing-bar1844 sill1877 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Sill.., the bottom part of a plough which slips along the ground in ploughing. 1895 W. Rye Gloss. Words E. Anglia Sill Iron, the iron which connects the plough with the standards, jigs, or carriage, of a Norfolk plough. c. The bottom of a hedge. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence > a hedge > bottom of sill1883 1883 Daily News 1 Sept. 4/7 Although the hen prefers the sill of a hedgerow for her rough nest, she not unfrequently makes it in a cornfield. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). silln.² Etymology: Variant of thill n.¹ regional. = thill n.¹ Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > shaft(s) or pole thillc1325 limber1480 sway1535 neap1553 draught-tree1580 wain-beam1589 beam1600 fills1609 spire1609 foreteam?1611 verge1611 shaft1613 rangy1657 pole1683 thrill1688 trill1688 rod1695 range1702 neb1710 sharp1733 tram1766 carriage pole1767 sill1787 tongue1792 nib1808 dissel-boom1822 tongue-tree1829 reach1869 wain-stang1876 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Sills (of a waggon), the shafts, the same as thills. 1788– in northern dial. glossaries. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Sill-horse, the shaft horse. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Sill-hank, the hooks in the shafts of a cart or waggon for the shaft-horse to pull by. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2021). sillv. Etymology: < sill n.¹ rare. transitive. To furnish with a sill. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > provide with windows > furnish with specific parts sill1552 pane1726 1552–3 Inv. Ch. Goods Staffords. 48 Ther was one bucket of brasse solde by the wardens, Thomas Yate & Thomas Yomans, to sylle ther church gate. 1908 Academy 11 July 29/2 Beneath your windows, deeply silled In red, red roses. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.¹c897n.²1787v.1552
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