black dogn.

Brit.

/blak ˈdɒɡ/, U.S.

/ˌblæk ˈdɔɡ/,

/ˌblæk ˈdɑɡ/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., dog n.¹

Etymology: < black adj. + dog n.¹ In sense 1 the coins were probably so called because their inferior metal turned black with wear. With sense 2 compare folk tales of black dogs appearing as spirits tormenting people (attested from at least the 16th cent.).

1. slang. Any of various base-metal coins of low value, spec. †(a) a counterfeit English silver coin (obsolete); (b) a coin of French origin, made of copper and silver and used extensively in parts of the West Indies during the 17th and 18th centuries (now historical and rare); cf. dog n.¹ 12, stampee n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > false coin > [noun] > a false coin

bad pennyc1400

countera1529

slip1592

black dog1665

swimmer1699

Brummagem1838

sinker1839

smasher1851

wrong 'un1899

wooden nickel1927

wrongo1937

1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue Described xiv. 28^* See here this piece, according to the term of Art given, it is call'd a black Dog, with Queen Elizabeths Head thereon, which is only Pewter double wash'd.

1706 N. Luttrell in J. Ashton Social Life Reign of Queen Anne (1882) II. 225 The Art of making Black Dogs, which are Shillings, or other pieces of money made only of Pewter, double Wash'd.

1724 J. Swift Some Observ. Wood's Half-pence 11 Butchers Half-pence, Black-Dogs and the Like.

?1790 J. M. Adair Unanswerable Arguments against Abolition Slave Trade ii. 95 It is not worth a black dog (the lowest coin) because it is not sterling.

1797 W. Bullock in Naval Chron. 10 128 Negro money called stampees, or black dogs.

1831 C. Shephard Hist. Acct. Island of St. Vincent i. 16 The English copper money, and a barbarous Colonial coin, with the equally barbarous names of Stampees and Black Dogs, complete the catalogue.

1894 Spink & Son's Numismatic Circ. Feb. 566 Pieces of eight..were to be found in company with joes, ‘black dogs’, and other outlandish coins.

1908 Medford Hist. Reg. Apr. 41 Somebody put in some ‘black-dogs’ on one occasion, and those had been known to be counterfeited.

1965 F. Pridmore Coins Brit. Commonw. Nations III. 215 The import of forged Stampees and Black Dogs became rife... The TB stamp was identical on both values, and by simply punching a circle below the TB stamp on the Black Dog, it could be turned into a Stampee.

1995 K. O. Laurence Tobago in Wartime v. 154 The other commonly recognized coins were the black dog, worth about..¾d. sterling;..the cut dollar;..and the full or round dollar.

2. figurative. Melancholy, depression. Cf. to have the (also a) black dog on one's back (also shoulder) at Phrases.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]

unlustOE

sorrowfulnessa1250

heavinessc1275

elengenessec1320

dullnessc1369

tristourc1380

murknessc1390

tristesse1390

faintness1398

ungladnessa1400

droopingc1400

heavity14..

dejectionc1450

terne?a1513

disconsolation1515

descence1526

marea1529

sadness?1537

dumpishness1548

unblessedness1549

dolorousness1553

ruefulness?1574

dolefulness1586

heartlessness1591

languishment1591

mopishness1598

soul-sickness1603

contristation1605

damp1606

gloominess1607

sableness1607

uncheerfulnessa1617

disconsolateness1624

cheerlessnessa1631

dejectedness1633

droopingness1635

disanimation1637

lowness1639

desponsion1641

disconsolacy1646

despondency1653

dispiritedness1654

chagrin1656

demission1656

jawfall1660

weightedness1660

depression1665

disconsolancy1665

grumness1675

despondence1676

despond1678

disheartenednessa1680

glumness1727

low1727

gloom1744

low-spiritedness1754

blue devils1756

black dog1776

humdudgeon1785

blue devilism1787

dispiritude1797

wishtnessc1800

downheartedness1801

blue-devilage1816

dispiritment1827

downcastness1827

depressiveness1832

dolorosity1835

lugubriosity1840

disconsolance1847

down1856

heavy-heartedness1860

lugubriousness1879

sullenness1885

low key1886

melancholia1896

burn-out1903

mokus1924

downness1927

mopiness1927

deflation1933

wallow1934

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > nervous depression > [noun]

megrims1592

vapours1662

the vapours1711

black dog1776

all-overs1870

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun]

melancholya1393

melancholic1526

melancholiness1528

allichollya1616

black humour1621

spleen1664

atrabilariousness1731

black dog1776

atrabiliousness1882

1776 H. L. Thrale Let. 16 May in Lett. to & from S. Johnson (1788) I. cli. 331 He scorns the black dog now: he will swing him round and round soon as Smollet's heroes do.

1783 S. Johnson Let. 28 June (1788) II. cccvi. 281 Some hours of restlessness and confusion bring me again to a day of solitude. What shall exclude the black dog from an habituation like this?

1826 W. Scott Diary 12 May in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) VI. ix. 297 A great relief from the black dog which would have worried me at home.

1945 N. Streatfeild Saplings xv. 59 Laurel, usually so affectionate and forthcoming, was in a black-dog mood and refused to come out of it.

1996 W. Manchester in W. S. Churchill My Early Life (new ed.) Introd. p. x All his life he [sc. Winston Churchill] would be plagued by spells of depression—‘Black Dog’ as he called them.

Phrases

to have the (also a) black dog on one's back (also shoulder): to be depressed or in a bad mood.

ΚΠ

1790 H. L. Thrale Diary 19 Oct. in Thraliana (1951) II. 785 The Black Dog is upon his Back; was a common saying some Years ago when a Man was seen troubled with Melancholy.

1871 Eclectic Mag. June 682/2 He got up and shook himself as if, like the children, he felt ‘the black dog on his back’, and for once his mother was glad when he went away.

1898 Longman's Mag. Jan. 207 We say that a person has a black dog on his shoulder when we mean to imply that he is out of temper.

1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark ii. 39 The black dog was on his back again. He was a poor clerk in a poor place.

1973 S. Hill Bit of Singing & Dancing 162 ‘Col's got a black dog on his shoulder.’ ‘Shut up.’

1999 W. Smith Monsoon (2003) 442 When he came back he had a black dog on his back. He beat one of the grooms senseless.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	black dog
释义	black dogn. Brit. /blak ˈdɒɡ/, U.S. /ˌblæk ˈdɔɡ/, /ˌblæk ˈdɑɡ/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., dog n.¹ Etymology: < black adj. + dog n.¹ In sense 1 the coins were probably so called because their inferior metal turned black with wear. With sense 2 compare folk tales of black dogs appearing as spirits tormenting people (attested from at least the 16th cent.). 1. slang. Any of various base-metal coins of low value, spec. †(a) a counterfeit English silver coin (obsolete); (b) a coin of French origin, made of copper and silver and used extensively in parts of the West Indies during the 17th and 18th centuries (now historical and rare); cf. dog n.¹ 12, stampee n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > false coin > [noun] > a false coin bad pennyc1400 countera1529 slip1592 black dog1665 swimmer1699 Brummagem1838 sinker1839 smasher1851 wrong 'un1899 wooden nickel1927 wrongo1937 1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue Described xiv. 28^* See here this piece, according to the term of Art given, it is call'd a black Dog, with Queen Elizabeths Head thereon, which is only Pewter double wash'd. 1706 N. Luttrell in J. Ashton Social Life Reign of Queen Anne (1882) II. 225 The Art of making Black Dogs, which are Shillings, or other pieces of money made only of Pewter, double Wash'd. 1724 J. Swift Some Observ. Wood's Half-pence 11 Butchers Half-pence, Black-Dogs and the Like. ?1790 J. M. Adair Unanswerable Arguments against Abolition Slave Trade ii. 95 It is not worth a black dog (the lowest coin) because it is not sterling. 1797 W. Bullock in Naval Chron. 10 128 Negro money called stampees, or black dogs. 1831 C. Shephard Hist. Acct. Island of St. Vincent i. 16 The English copper money, and a barbarous Colonial coin, with the equally barbarous names of Stampees and Black Dogs, complete the catalogue. 1894 Spink & Son's Numismatic Circ. Feb. 566 Pieces of eight..were to be found in company with joes, ‘black dogs’, and other outlandish coins. 1908 Medford Hist. Reg. Apr. 41 Somebody put in some ‘black-dogs’ on one occasion, and those had been known to be counterfeited. 1965 F. Pridmore Coins Brit. Commonw. Nations III. 215 The import of forged Stampees and Black Dogs became rife... The TB stamp was identical on both values, and by simply punching a circle below the TB stamp on the Black Dog, it could be turned into a Stampee. 1995 K. O. Laurence Tobago in Wartime v. 154 The other commonly recognized coins were the black dog, worth about..¾d. sterling;..the cut dollar;..and the full or round dollar. 2. figurative. Melancholy, depression. Cf. to have the (also a) black dog on one's back (also shoulder) at Phrases. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] unlustOE sorrowfulnessa1250 heavinessc1275 elengenessec1320 dullnessc1369 tristourc1380 murknessc1390 tristesse1390 faintness1398 ungladnessa1400 droopingc1400 heavity14.. dejectionc1450 terne?a1513 disconsolation1515 descence1526 marea1529 sadness?1537 dumpishness1548 unblessedness1549 dolorousness1553 ruefulness?1574 dolefulness1586 heartlessness1591 languishment1591 mopishness1598 soul-sickness1603 contristation1605 damp1606 gloominess1607 sableness1607 uncheerfulnessa1617 disconsolateness1624 cheerlessnessa1631 dejectedness1633 droopingness1635 disanimation1637 lowness1639 desponsion1641 disconsolacy1646 despondency1653 dispiritedness1654 chagrin1656 demission1656 jawfall1660 weightedness1660 depression1665 disconsolancy1665 grumness1675 despondence1676 despond1678 disheartenednessa1680 glumness1727 low1727 gloom1744 low-spiritedness1754 blue devils1756 black dog1776 humdudgeon1785 blue devilism1787 dispiritude1797 wishtnessc1800 downheartedness1801 blue-devilage1816 dispiritment1827 downcastness1827 depressiveness1832 dolorosity1835 lugubriosity1840 disconsolance1847 down1856 heavy-heartedness1860 lugubriousness1879 sullenness1885 low key1886 melancholia1896 burn-out1903 mokus1924 downness1927 mopiness1927 deflation1933 wallow1934 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > nervous depression > [noun] megrims1592 vapours1662 the vapours1711 black dog1776 all-overs1870 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] melancholya1393 melancholic1526 melancholiness1528 allichollya1616 black humour1621 spleen1664 atrabilariousness1731 black dog1776 atrabiliousness1882 1776 H. L. Thrale Let. 16 May in Lett. to & from S. Johnson (1788) I. cli. 331 He scorns the black dog now: he will swing him round and round soon as Smollet's heroes do. 1783 S. Johnson Let. 28 June (1788) II. cccvi. 281 Some hours of restlessness and confusion bring me again to a day of solitude. What shall exclude the black dog from an habituation like this? 1826 W. Scott Diary 12 May in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) VI. ix. 297 A great relief from the black dog which would have worried me at home. 1945 N. Streatfeild Saplings xv. 59 Laurel, usually so affectionate and forthcoming, was in a black-dog mood and refused to come out of it. 1996 W. Manchester in W. S. Churchill My Early Life (new ed.) Introd. p. x All his life he [sc. Winston Churchill] would be plagued by spells of depression—‘Black Dog’ as he called them. Phrases to have the (also a) black dog on one's back (also shoulder): to be depressed or in a bad mood. ΚΠ 1790 H. L. Thrale Diary 19 Oct. in Thraliana (1951) II. 785 The Black Dog is upon his Back; was a common saying some Years ago when a Man was seen troubled with Melancholy. 1871 Eclectic Mag. June 682/2 He got up and shook himself as if, like the children, he felt ‘the black dog on his back’, and for once his mother was glad when he went away. 1898 Longman's Mag. Jan. 207 We say that a person has a black dog on his shoulder when we mean to imply that he is out of temper. 1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark ii. 39 The black dog was on his back again. He was a poor clerk in a poor place. 1973 S. Hill Bit of Singing & Dancing 162 ‘Col's got a black dog on his shoulder.’ ‘Shut up.’ 1999 W. Smith Monsoon (2003) 442 When he came back he had a black dog on his back. He beat one of the grooms senseless. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1665
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