shunv.

Brit.

/ʃʌn/, U.S.

/ʃən/

Forms: Past tense and participle shunned /ʃʌnd/. Forms: α. Old English scunian, Middle English scunien, schunien, shunen(n, sconien, sonen, sunen, schunen, Middle English schonen, schonie, Middle English shonie, shonye, schonne, schwne, Middle English shonen, shone, schone, Middle English–1500s shonne, Middle English–1600s shunne, Middle English–1500s shon (1500s schune, shonn), 1500s– shun; irregular past tense 1600s (once) shan. β. Old English -sceonian (in compounds), northern ( gi)scynia, Middle English sceonie, Middle English shine, shenye, Middle English past tense shynte.

Etymology: Old English scunian (chiefly in compounds, á-, onscunian), a weak verb not found in the other Germanic languages. Of obscure origin.If the primary sense was ‘to hide oneself (from)’, the verb might be a derivative from the Germanic and Indogermanic root *sku- to cover, hide. The β forms are probably due to the effect of the palatal sc on the following vowel.

†1. transitive. To abhor, detest, loathe. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe [verb (transitive)]

shun1023

loathea1200

uga1340

wlatea1340

horrec1430

irka1500

loathly?1507

to hate like poison1530

detesta1535

detestate1548

execrate1553

hugge1570

to hold in detestation1576

distaste1599

nauseate1627

detaste1637

fastidiatea1650

absonate1775

skeeve1991

1023 in Thorpe Dipl. Angl. Sax. (1865) 318 Of eallan ðan mannan ðe ðær gehænde beoð mid ane mode wurð he gescunned.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2549 Drihhtin shuneþþ alle þa Þatt unnclænnesse follȝhenn.

a1200 Vices & Virtues 7 Þat ȝie hatien and scunien, ouer alle þing, ðes awerȝhede senne.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 229 For vych þing þat schonyeþ riht, hit luuyeþ þuster & hateþ lyht.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 792 Vor myne crafte men me luuyeþ Vor þine strengþe men þe schunyeþ.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7419–21 Mi uader..scunede [c1300 Otho sonede] þene Cristindom. & þa hæðene laȝen luuede..þa we sculleð sceonien [c1300 Otho hatie].

†2.

a. To seek safety by concealment or flight from (an enemy, his pursuit, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away from [verb (transitive)] > run away from

of-runOE

to show (a person) a (clean or fair) pair of heels (also one's heels)1370

to show (a person) the (or one's) backc1450

overrun1583

run1606

shuna1616

bail1775

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > put in secret place [verb (transitive)] > seek safety

shuna1616

a950 Prose Life Guthlac (1848) xix. 159/7 And hine Ceolred se kyning hider and þider wide aflymde, an he his ehtnysse and his hatunge fleah and scunode.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. vii. 44 The Mouse ne're shunn'd the Cat, as they did budge From Rascals worse then they.

1638 W. Lisle tr. Heliodorus Hist. ii. 36 A liuing Greeke from dead Ægyptian ran, And long time that, which could not hurt him, shan.

b. To evade, elude (a blow, missile). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade > a blow, missile, or pursuit

waive1303

voida1500

devoid1509

avoid1530

shuna1586

shift1595

dodge1713

jinka1774

jouk1812

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xviii. sig. Ss5^v But Amphialus seeing the blow comming, shunned it with nimble turning his horse aside.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q4^v [He] lightly shunned it [sc. the stroke].

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 810 I forewarn thee, shun His deadly arrow.

3. To avoid (in modern prose use always to avoid persistently or habitually) from repugnance, fear, or caution; to keep away from (a person or his society, a place, etc.); to avoid encountering or exposing oneself to (dangers, conditions), using or having to do with (a thing); to eschew, abstain carefully from (an action, an indulgence, etc.).

a. with object a person, his company, etc.

ΚΠ

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Al se hwat se he forgulte wes al [animals] hit him ulel [? read uleh] and scunede.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1864 Ðat folkes-kin god bad him sunen.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xi. 427 Euery man hym shonyeth.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xiv. 245 Ech man shoneþ hus companye.

a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 6157 Aqueyntaunce of alle men hij shoneþ.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lv. l. 76 The kyng was A lepre..and so Orible..that Eche Man schoned his Compenye.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 142 If you will patiently daunce in our Round,..goe with vs: If not, shunne me, and I will spare your haunts.

1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 13 Society he shuns, and keeps alone.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 319 So passd they naked on, nor shund the sight Of God or Angel.

1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 307 The tim'rous hare..Scarce shuns me.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 88 Then he that sharp'd..Was mark'd and shunn'd as odious.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. viii. 71 So..shunning human approach, this troublesome old woman hid herself.

1880 W. H. Dixon Royal Windsor (ed. 3) III. xxiv. 238 The nobler class of Catholics shunned him.

b. with object a thing, a place, external conditions or circumstances, dangers, an enemy, etc.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9395 Ȝiff þatt tin eȝhe iss all unn hal..Itt shuneþþ..Þe sunness brihhte leome.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 47 For ȝef ha hit [hare fulðe] stunken ham walde..speowen hit ut þer & schunien hit þrefter.

a1250 Owl & Night. (Jesus Oxf.) 590 Þar to þu draust..& oþer clene stude þu schunest.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xi. 11 Ȝe shulen not eete the flesh of hem, and the faln to deeth ȝe shulen shonne [a1425 L.V. eschewe].

c1420 Chron. Vilod. 1548 Bot euery mon may well knowe & wyte What he was, by-cause þat he shynte & dred þe cresse.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 18 Yf..you finde it sweete, it is a signe of riche grounde,..yf it be saltishe, it is to be shunned.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋9 Neither is it the true man that shunneth the light, but the malefactour.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. iii. 78 Thus haue I shund the fire, for feare of burning.

1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. e1 I have shun'd the Cæsura as much as possibly I cou'd. For wherever that is us'd, it gives a roughness to the Verse.

1717 M. Prior Alma i. 482 He hates the fight, and shuns the foe.

a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 93 It is not supposed, that we should have Power always to Resist, unless we before-hand do what is in our Power to Shun Temptation.

1781 W. Cowper Charity 239 Thy lips have..Taught me what path to shun and what pursue.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 616 They rode on all day, shunning towns and villages.

1853 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 5) Prol. 3 O noble heart who,..Nor bent, nor broke, nor shunn'd a soldier's death.

1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi x. 204 A strange superstition makes them shun this sacred place.

absolute.1819 P. B. Shelley Lines Euganean Hills in Rosalind & Helen 70 The dreamer..Longing with divided will, But no power to seek or shun.

c. with object a mode of action, expression, or behaviour, an occupation, employment, subject of conversation, a mental condition or the like (often expressed by infinitive or gerund).

ΚΠ

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 111 Þet clene wif scunað ȝitsunge.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4502 Itt niss nohht lihht To betenn hefiȝ sinne. & forrþi birrþ þe shunenn aȝȝ To fallenn ohht tær inne.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Þe man þe hit meðeð riht þe suneð aleð gestninge and idel wil.

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 449 Wiþ us schineþ euery schalk in schippus for to saile.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 459 We schoneþ and forsakeþ foule slewþe and leccherie.

a1400 New Test. (Paues) Titus iii. 9 Bote schenye þou questyones of foly.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 227 The vce of thilk thing is to be shoned, eschewid, and avoidid.

1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. cxl. sig. G vij^v Commaunde your souldyours, that they shunne to spoyle and robbe temples.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. K5^v Thenceforth the suitt of earthly conquest shonne.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 16 I ever shunned to goe twice one way.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 42 Had not Phœbus warn'd me..To shun debate, Menalcas had been slain.

1742 G. Berkeley Let. in Wks. (1871) IV. 282 I would say, shun late hours.

1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 79 The thorny subject which they were delicately shunning in their conversation.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iii. 57 We touch on our dead self, nor shun to do it.

1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry i. 40 The majority of those who are growing old..shun looking back at all.

absolute.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 169 Amonge monkes I miȝt be ac many tyme I shonye.

d. transferred and figurative. Said poetically of things.

ΚΠ

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1101 So clene was his hondelyng vche ordure hit schonied.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 116 Scarcity and want shall shun you.

1701 J. Addison Let. from Italy 56 See how the golden groves around me smile, That shun the coast of Britain's stormy Isle.

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab iv. 50 The meteor-happiness, that shuns his grasp.

a. To escape (a threatened evil, an unwelcome task). Now rare or Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade

fleec1175

shunc1275

forgoc1305

passc1330

escapea1340

beglidea1350

voidc1380

shuntc1400

missa1522

evade1535

delude1536

to dally out1548

illude1553

prevent1598

outruna1616

to fail of1624

elude1634

subterfugea1643

shoot1685

shift1724

to get out of ——a1817

win by…1816

c1275 Moral Ode 159 in Old Eng. Misc. 63 Eure he wolde..in godnesse wuyne Wiþ þat he myhte helle fur euer fleon and schonye.

1413–46 T. Hoccleve Min. Poems i. 193 How may we two, the deeth eschue or shone?

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia vii. 295 That thus repulst thou shunst the griefe To see the slaughtred heapes that lye?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. iii. 13 They follow vs with Wings, And weake we are, and cannot shun pursuite.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 1062 [He will] teach us further by what means to shun Th' inclement Seasons, Rain, Ice, Hail and Snow.

1784 S. Johnson in Boswell Life Johnson (1904) II. 537 If a man were to go by chance at the same time with Burke under a shed, to shun a shower.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. vi. 207 No man of woman born Coward or brave, can shun his destiny.

†b. To prevent the occurrence of (an action, event), to guard against (some inconvenience). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > obviate > prevent the occurrence of or avert

werec925

withsitc1300

shun1338

to turn awaya1382

forfend1382

declinec1430

stopa1538

divert1548

refract1563

withturn1563

antevert1583

avert1586

pervert1594

deprive1627

averruncate1663

stave1664

to stop off1891

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 111 Bot Henry Dauid sonne,..Contek for to schonne, to Steuen mad feaute.

1613 E. Cary Trag. Mariam i. i. sig. A3 For hee by barring me from libertie, To shunne my ranging, taught me first to range.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 103 To shun this Ill, the cunning Leach ordains..To feed the Females, e're the Sun arise.

1796 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 154 I devoutly wish you may be able to shun for us this war.

1798 R. Bloomfield Spring in Farmer's Boy 159 Prowling Reynard..To shun whose thefts was Giles's evening care.

†5. intransitive. To shrink with dread; to be afraid. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > cower or flinch

wondec897

shuna1000

blencha1250

cowerc1300

scunnerc1425

cringea1525

to play couch-quaila1529

quail1544

winch1605

dwindle1612

blank1642

shy1650

scringec1700

funk?1746

flinch1883

curl1913

a1000 Durham Ritual 32/5 Giscynia, metuere.

a1325 Maudelein 24 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 163 For euer he schoneþ þat haþ misgilt.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15173 Þe fleche was dutand for to dei,..It was ful sconand for þe sare.

c1440 York Myst. x. 244 It is goddis will, it sall be myne, Agaynste his saande sall I neuer schone.

c1480 (a1400) St. James Great 164 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 101 Þe bukis all he brocht..and prayt him to bryne þam sone. ‘na,’ said he, ‘for þat I schone þe rek of þame suld noyus be.’

†6.

a. To shrink back physically; to move or go aside (so as to escape or evade some person or thing); to fly (from an enemy, etc.); also with aside, away. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat > out of the way > to escape or evade something

shunta1250

shunc1330

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14128 Þey couþe nought fighte, ne to-gydere wone, Ne at tyme stande ne schone.

c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 496 Betere hit were douhtilyche to diȝen on or oune, þen wiþ schendschupe to schone and vs a-bak drawe.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 314 Ne no more schoune fore þe swape of theire scharpe suerddes.

14.. Sir Beues (O) 3591 Fro his stroke away they dyd shone.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 704/1 And I had nat shonned asyde, he had hyt me in the eye.

1574 A. Gilby tr. Test. Twelue Patriarches sig. Kvii^v If ye be good doers, both uncleane spirites shal flee from you, and shrewd beastes shall shun for feare of you.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. vii. sig. Mm5 He shunned as much as he could, keeping onely his place for feare of punishment.

c1650 (c1515) Flodden Field (Percy) l. 168 in J. W. Hales & F. J. Furnivall Bp. Percy's Folio MS (1867) I. 325 Doubtlesse while your liues wold last you wold never shun [a1600 Harl. 367 schunte] beside the plaine.

figurative.1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde ii. f. 18^v The salte taste is that, which..byteth the tonge... The bitter taste is that, which seemeth to shunne away from the tongue.

b. To keep away, refrain from. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun

overboweOE

bibughOE

fleea1000

forbowa1000

ashun1000

befleec1000

beflyc1175

bischunc1200

withbuwe?c1225

waive1303

eschew1340

refuse1357

astartc1374

sparec1380

shuna1382

void1390

declinea1400

forbeara1400

shurna1400

avoidc1450

umbeschewc1485

shewe1502

evite1503

devoid1509

shrink1513

schew?a1534

devite1549

fly1552

abstract1560

evitate1588

estrange1613

cut1791

shy1802

skulk1835

side-slip1930

to walk away from1936

punt1969

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. iv. 23 Sone, waite tyme, and shone awei fro euel [L. devita a malo].

1578 W. Hunnis in R. Edwards Paradyse Daynty Deuises (rev. ed.) sig. Giii To shonn, from bralls, debate and strife.

7. transitive. To screen, hide. Now only dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

forhelec888

i-hedec888

dernc893

hidec897

wryOE

behelec1000

behidec1000

bewryc1000

forhidec1000

overheleOE

hilla1250

fealc1325

cover1340

forcover1382

blinda1400

hulsterc1400

overclosec1400

concealc1425

shroud1426

blend1430

close1430

shadow1436

obumber?1440

mufflea1450

alaynec1450

mew?c1450

purloin1461

to keep close?1471

oversilec1478

bewrap1481

supprime1490

occulta1500

silec1500

smoor1513

shadec1530

skleir1532

oppressa1538

hudder-mudder1544

pretex1548

lap?c1550

absconce1570

to steek away1575

couch1577

recondite1578

huddle1581

mew1581

enshrine1582

enshroud1582

mask1582

veil1582

abscondc1586

smotherc1592

blot1593

sheathe1594

immask1595

secret1595

bemist1598

palliate1598

hoodwinka1600

overmaska1600

hugger1600

obscure1600

upwrap1600

undisclose1601

disguise1605

screen1611

underfold1612

huke1613

eclipsea1616

encavea1616

ensconcea1616

obscurify1622

cloud1623

inmewa1625

beclouda1631

pretext1634

covert1647

sconce1652

tapisa1660

shun1661

sneak1701

overlay1719

secrete1741

blank1764

submerge1796

slur1813

wrap1817

buttress1820

stifle1820

disidentify1845

to stick away1900

1661 C. Mageoghegan tr. Ann. Clonmacnois (BL MS Add. 4817) f. 1^v Fintan..shunned himselfe from y^e violence thereof [i.e. of the flood] in a Caue.

1661 C. Mageoghegan tr. Ann. Clonmacnois (BL MS Add. 4817) f. 2 All the foule..gathered themselues there to shunne themselues.

1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester Shun, to screen, e.g., a shrub planted to hide back premises.

8. dialect. To shove, push. [Perhaps another word.] Cf. shunt v. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push

thrustc1175

pilta1200

pingc1300

pote1340

pusha1350

beara1398

pokea1425

possa1425

pressc1425

shun1674

crowd1830

1674 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 76 To Shun: to shove. Suss.

1851 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 3 205/1 In an assault case at Reigate, I heard the complainant say of a man who had hustled him, ‘He kept shunning me along: sometimes he shunt me on the road’.

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. at Shun He shunned me off the pavement.

1876 G. L. Gower Surrey Provincialisms (at cited word) They havn't made the hole large enough to get a stick in to shun the dung back.

Compounds

† shun-field n. Obsolete one who shuns the battlefield.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [noun] > skulking > skulker > one who avoids military service

askefisea1425

shun-field1675

bomb-proof1869

embusqué1916

1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xiv. 199 My vertue won her, I no shun-field [ϕυγοπτόλεμο] was.

shun-pike n. U.S. (see quot. 1911).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > main or major road > turnpike or toll-road > road constructed to evade

shun-pike1853

1853 Albany Evening Atlas 9 Apr. 4 The Oswego Canal..has been called a ‘shun pike’. Produce sent by Lake Ontario and the Oswego Canal, avoids tolls on the canals west of Syracuse.

1862 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. i. ii. 35 Ef your soul Don't sneak thru shun-pikes so 's to save the toll.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 1053/1 A shunpike, or road constructed to facilitate evasion of tolls on a turnpike road, may be closed by injunction.

shunpike v. (intransitive) to drive along minor roads, avoiding the toll on turnpikes, or for pleasure.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (intransitive)] > on minor roads

shunpike1964

1964 Collier's Encycl. Yearbk. 70 Besides making long trips at high speed, motorists could take part in sports car rallies, chug about in antiques, ‘shunpike’ on quiet back roads.

shunpiker n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > driver or operator of vehicle > [noun] > on roads > on minor roads

shunpiker1967

1967 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 22 Apr. 55 (advt.) Smooth roads, beautiful scenery—what more could a shunpiker want?

shun-piking n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > [noun] > on road > on specific type of road

shun-piking1961

1961 M. Beadle These Ruins are Inhabited (1963) iv. 41 George's reaction was to avoid all main roads—which is a good idea anyway if you're not in a hurry, the virtues of shun-piking being self-evident.

1972 Alberta Motorist (Edmonton) Apr. 6/3 There are, of course, many times when shunpiking is preferable for the traveller.

† shun-thank n. Obsolete one who grudges thanks.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > gratitude > ingratitude > [noun] > ungrateful person

ungratec1540

shun-thank1593

ingrate1672

1593 Passionate Morrice in Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 81 But were not they shonne-thanks they would speake better of Honesties sonne.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	shun
释义	shunn.¹ Brit. /ʃʌn/, U.S. /ʃən/ Etymology: < shun v. rare. The action of shunning; in upon the shun. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > detachment or non-participation > action of dissociation1611 disengagement1650 upon the shun1823 non-participation1832 self-dissociation1893 opting-out1924 1823 W. Scott Peveril I. Pref. Let. p. xvi Our friend is so much upon the shun..that it will be no light temptation which will withdraw him from his incognito. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). 'shunn.² Brit. /ʃʌn/, U.S. /ʃən/ Etymology: Colloquial abbreviation of attention n. 5, representing the verbal distortion and stress when used as a military command. Military colloquial. = attention n. 5. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > orders > order [interjection] > attention 'shun1888 1888 R. Kipling Madness of Private Ortheris in Plain Tales from Hills 242 Stan'at—hease, 'Shun 'Verse—harms. Right an' lef'—tarrn. Slow—march. 1915 ‘I. Hay’ First Hundred Thousand i Squoad—'Shun! 1918 E. A. Mackintosh War, the Liberator 121 Party, 'shun! Left-turn! You will parade again at 2.15 in full equipment. Party dis-miss! 1922 J. Cannan Misty Valley 41 Claire's newly recruited loyalty sprang, metaphorically speaking, to the 'shun. 1928 Granta 2 Nov. 76/1 Prisoner! 'Shun. Move to the right in fours. 1955 W. Faulkner Fable (U.K. ed.) 108 ‘Bridesman,’ he said but at that moment the major said ‘'Shun!’ This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shunv. Brit. /ʃʌn/, U.S. /ʃən/ Forms: Past tense and participle shunned /ʃʌnd/. Forms: α. Old English scunian, Middle English scunien, schunien, shunen(n, sconien, sonen, sunen, schunen, Middle English schonen, schonie, Middle English shonie, shonye, schonne, schwne, Middle English shonen, shone, schone, Middle English–1500s shonne, Middle English–1600s shunne, Middle English–1500s shon (1500s schune, shonn), 1500s– shun; irregular past tense 1600s (once) shan. β. Old English -sceonian (in compounds), northern ( gi)scynia, Middle English sceonie, Middle English shine, shenye, Middle English past tense shynte. Etymology: Old English scunian (chiefly in compounds, á-, onscunian), a weak verb not found in the other Germanic languages. Of obscure origin.If the primary sense was ‘to hide oneself (from)’, the verb might be a derivative from the Germanic and Indogermanic root sku- to cover, hide. The β forms are probably due to the effect of the palatal sc on the following vowel. †1. transitive. To abhor, detest, loathe. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe [verb (transitive)] shun1023 loathea1200 uga1340 wlatea1340 horrec1430 irka1500 loathly?1507 to hate like poison1530 detesta1535 detestate1548 execrate1553 hugge1570 to hold in detestation1576 distaste1599 nauseate1627 detaste1637 fastidiatea1650 absonate1775 skeeve1991 1023 in Thorpe Dipl. Angl. Sax.* (1865) 318 Of eallan ðan mannan ðe ðær gehænde beoð mid ane mode wurð he gescunned. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2549 Drihhtin shuneþþ alle þa Þatt unnclænnesse follȝhenn. a1200 Vices & Virtues 7 Þat ȝie hatien and scunien, ouer alle þing, ðes awerȝhede senne. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 229 For vych þing þat schonyeþ riht, hit luuyeþ þuster & hateþ lyht. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 792 Vor myne crafte men me luuyeþ Vor þine strengþe men þe schunyeþ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7419–21 Mi uader..scunede [c1300 Otho sonede] þene Cristindom. & þa hæðene laȝen luuede..þa we sculleð sceonien [c1300 Otho hatie]. †2. a. To seek safety by concealment or flight from (an enemy, his pursuit, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away from [verb (transitive)] > run away from of-runOE to show (a person) a (clean or fair) pair of heels (also one's heels)1370 to show (a person) the (or one's) backc1450 overrun1583 run1606 shuna1616 bail1775 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > put in secret place [verb (transitive)] > seek safety shuna1616 a950 Prose Life Guthlac (1848) xix. 159/7 And hine Ceolred se kyning hider and þider wide aflymde, an he his ehtnysse and his hatunge fleah and scunode. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. vii. 44 The Mouse ne're shunn'd the Cat, as they did budge From Rascals worse then they. View more context for this quotation 1638 W. Lisle tr. Heliodorus Hist. ii. 36 A liuing Greeke from dead Ægyptian ran, And long time that, which could not hurt him, shan. b. To evade, elude (a blow, missile). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade > a blow, missile, or pursuit waive1303 voida1500 devoid1509 avoid1530 shuna1586 shift1595 dodge1713 jinka1774 jouk1812 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xviii. sig. Ss5^v But Amphialus seeing the blow comming, shunned it with nimble turning his horse aside. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q4^v [He] lightly shunned it [sc. the stroke]. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 810 I forewarn thee, shun His deadly arrow. View more context for this quotation 3. To avoid (in modern prose use always to avoid persistently or habitually) from repugnance, fear, or caution; to keep away from (a person or his society, a place, etc.); to avoid encountering or exposing oneself to (dangers, conditions), using or having to do with (a thing); to eschew, abstain carefully from (an action, an indulgence, etc.). a. with object a person, his company, etc. ΚΠ c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Al se hwat se he forgulte wes al [animals] hit him ulel [? read uleh] and scunede. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1864 Ðat folkes-kin god bad him sunen. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xi. 427 Euery man hym shonyeth. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xiv. 245 Ech man shoneþ hus companye. a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 6157 Aqueyntaunce of alle men hij shoneþ. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lv. l. 76 The kyng was A lepre..and so Orible..that Eche Man schoned his Compenye. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 142 If you will patiently daunce in our Round,..goe with vs: If not, shunne me, and I will spare your haunts. View more context for this quotation 1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 13 Society he shuns, and keeps alone. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 319 So passd they naked on, nor shund the sight Of God or Angel. View more context for this quotation 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 307 The tim'rous hare..Scarce shuns me. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 88 Then he that sharp'd..Was mark'd and shunn'd as odious. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. viii. 71 So..shunning human approach, this troublesome old woman hid herself. 1880 W. H. Dixon Royal Windsor (ed. 3) III. xxiv. 238 The nobler class of Catholics shunned him. b. with object a thing, a place, external conditions or circumstances, dangers, an enemy, etc. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9395 Ȝiff þatt tin eȝhe iss all unn hal..Itt shuneþþ..Þe sunness brihhte leome. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 47 For ȝef ha hit [hare fulðe] stunken ham walde..speowen hit ut þer & schunien hit þrefter. a1250 Owl & Night. (Jesus Oxf.) 590 Þar to þu draust..& oþer clene stude þu schunest. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xi. 11 Ȝe shulen not eete the flesh of hem, and the faln to deeth ȝe shulen shonne [a1425 L.V. eschewe]. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 1548 Bot euery mon may well knowe & wyte What he was, by-cause þat he shynte & dred þe cresse. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 18 Yf..you finde it sweete, it is a signe of riche grounde,..yf it be saltishe, it is to be shunned. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋9 Neither is it the true man that shunneth the light, but the malefactour. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. iii. 78 Thus haue I shund the fire, for feare of burning. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. e1 I have shun'd the Cæsura as much as possibly I cou'd. For wherever that is us'd, it gives a roughness to the Verse. 1717 M. Prior Alma i. 482 He hates the fight, and shuns the foe. a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 93 It is not supposed, that we should have Power always to Resist, unless we before-hand do what is in our Power to Shun Temptation. 1781 W. Cowper Charity 239 Thy lips have..Taught me what path to shun and what pursue. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 616 They rode on all day, shunning towns and villages. 1853 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 5) Prol. 3 O noble heart who,..Nor bent, nor broke, nor shunn'd a soldier's death. 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi x. 204 A strange superstition makes them shun this sacred place. absolute.1819 P. B. Shelley Lines Euganean Hills in Rosalind & Helen 70 The dreamer..Longing with divided will, But no power to seek or shun. c. with object a mode of action, expression, or behaviour, an occupation, employment, subject of conversation, a mental condition or the like (often expressed by infinitive or gerund). ΚΠ c1175 Lamb. Hom. 111 Þet clene wif scunað ȝitsunge. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4502 Itt niss nohht lihht To betenn hefiȝ sinne. & forrþi birrþ þe shunenn aȝȝ To fallenn ohht tær inne. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Þe man þe hit meðeð riht þe suneð aleð gestninge and idel wil. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 449 Wiþ us schineþ euery schalk in schippus for to saile. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 459 We schoneþ and forsakeþ foule slewþe and leccherie. a1400 New Test. (Paues) Titus iii. 9 Bote schenye þou questyones of foly. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 227 The vce of thilk thing is to be shoned, eschewid, and avoidid. 1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. cxl. sig. G vij^v Commaunde your souldyours, that they shunne to spoyle and robbe temples. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. K5^v Thenceforth the suitt of earthly conquest shonne. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 16 I ever shunned to goe twice one way. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 42 Had not Phœbus warn'd me..To shun debate, Menalcas had been slain. 1742 G. Berkeley Let. in Wks. (1871) IV. 282 I would say, shun late hours. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 79 The thorny subject which they were delicately shunning in their conversation. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iii. 57 We touch on our dead self, nor shun to do it. 1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry i. 40 The majority of those who are growing old..shun looking back at all. absolute.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 169 Amonge monkes I miȝt be ac many tyme I shonye. d. transferred and figurative. Said poetically of things. ΚΠ c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1101 So clene was his hondelyng vche ordure hit schonied. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 116 Scarcity and want shall shun you. View more context for this quotation 1701 J. Addison Let. from Italy 56 See how the golden groves around me smile, That shun the coast of Britain's stormy Isle. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab iv. 50 The meteor-happiness, that shuns his grasp. 4. a. To escape (a threatened evil, an unwelcome task). Now rare or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade fleec1175 shunc1275 forgoc1305 passc1330 escapea1340 beglidea1350 voidc1380 shuntc1400 missa1522 evade1535 delude1536 to dally out1548 illude1553 prevent1598 outruna1616 to fail of1624 elude1634 subterfugea1643 shoot1685 shift1724 to get out of ——a1817 win by…1816 c1275 Moral Ode 159 in Old Eng. Misc. 63 Eure he wolde..in godnesse wuyne Wiþ þat he myhte helle fur euer fleon and schonye. 1413–46 T. Hoccleve Min. Poems i. 193 How may we two, the deeth eschue or shone? 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia vii. 295 That thus repulst thou shunst the griefe To see the slaughtred heapes that lye? a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. iii. 13 They follow vs with Wings, And weake we are, and cannot shun pursuite. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 1062 [He will] teach us further by what means to shun Th' inclement Seasons, Rain, Ice, Hail and Snow. View more context for this quotation 1784 S. Johnson in Boswell Life Johnson (1904) II. 537 If a man were to go by chance at the same time with Burke under a shed, to shun a shower. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. vi. 207 No man of woman born Coward or brave, can shun his destiny. †b. To prevent the occurrence of (an action, event), to guard against (some inconvenience). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > obviate > prevent the occurrence of or avert werec925 withsitc1300 shun1338 to turn awaya1382 forfend1382 declinec1430 stopa1538 divert1548 refract1563 withturn1563 antevert1583 avert1586 pervert1594 deprive1627 averruncate1663 stave1664 to stop off1891 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 111 Bot Henry Dauid sonne,..Contek for to schonne, to Steuen mad feaute. 1613 E. Cary Trag. Mariam i. i. sig. A3 For hee by barring me from libertie, To shunne my ranging, taught me first to range. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 103 To shun this Ill, the cunning Leach ordains..To feed the Females, e're the Sun arise. View more context for this quotation 1796 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 154 I devoutly wish you may be able to shun for us this war. 1798 R. Bloomfield Spring in Farmer's Boy 159 Prowling Reynard..To shun whose thefts was Giles's evening care. †5. intransitive. To shrink with dread; to be afraid. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > cower or flinch wondec897 shuna1000 blencha1250 cowerc1300 scunnerc1425 cringea1525 to play couch-quaila1529 quail1544 winch1605 dwindle1612 blank1642 shy1650 scringec1700 funk?1746 flinch1883 curl1913 a1000 Durham Ritual 32/5 Giscynia, metuere. a1325 Maudelein 24 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 163 For euer he schoneþ þat haþ misgilt. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15173 Þe fleche was dutand for to dei,..It was ful sconand for þe sare. c1440 York Myst. x. 244 It is goddis will, it sall be myne, Agaynste his saande sall I neuer schone. c1480 (a1400) St. James Great 164 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 101 Þe bukis all he brocht..and prayt him to bryne þam sone. ‘na,’ said he, ‘for þat I schone þe rek of þame suld noyus be.’ †6. a. To shrink back physically; to move or go aside (so as to escape or evade some person or thing); to fly (from an enemy, etc.); also with aside, away. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat > out of the way > to escape or evade something shunta1250 shunc1330 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14128 Þey couþe nought fighte, ne to-gydere wone, Ne at tyme stande ne schone. c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 496 Betere hit were douhtilyche to diȝen on or oune, þen wiþ schendschupe to schone and vs a-bak drawe. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 314 Ne no more schoune fore þe swape of theire scharpe suerddes. 14.. Sir Beues (O) 3591 Fro his stroke away they dyd shone. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 704/1 And I had nat shonned asyde, he had hyt me in the eye. 1574 A. Gilby tr. Test. Twelue Patriarches sig. Kvii^v If ye be good doers, both uncleane spirites shal flee from you, and shrewd beastes shall shun for feare of you. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. vii. sig. Mm5 He shunned as much as he could, keeping onely his place for feare of punishment. c1650 (c1515) Flodden Field (Percy) l. 168 in J. W. Hales & F. J. Furnivall Bp. Percy's Folio MS (1867) I. 325 Doubtlesse while your liues wold last you wold never shun [a1600 Harl. 367 schunte] beside the plaine. figurative.1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde ii. f. 18^v The salte taste is that, which..byteth the tonge... The bitter taste is that, which seemeth to shunne away from the tongue. b. To keep away, refrain from. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun overboweOE bibughOE fleea1000 forbowa1000 ashun1000 befleec1000 beflyc1175 bischunc1200 withbuwe?c1225 waive1303 eschew1340 refuse1357 astartc1374 sparec1380 shuna1382 void1390 declinea1400 forbeara1400 shurna1400 avoidc1450 umbeschewc1485 shewe1502 evite1503 devoid1509 shrink1513 schew?a1534 devite1549 fly1552 abstract1560 evitate1588 estrange1613 cut1791 shy1802 skulk1835 side-slip1930 to walk away from1936 punt1969 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. iv. 23 Sone, waite tyme, and shone awei fro euel [L. devita a malo]. 1578 W. Hunnis in R. Edwards Paradyse Daynty Deuises (rev. ed.) sig. Giii To shonn, from bralls, debate and strife. 7. transitive. To screen, hide. Now only dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)] heeleOE forhelec888 i-hedec888 dernc893 hidec897 wryOE behelec1000 behidec1000 bewryc1000 forhidec1000 overheleOE hilla1250 fealc1325 cover1340 forcover1382 blinda1400 hulsterc1400 overclosec1400 concealc1425 shroud1426 blend1430 close1430 shadow1436 obumber?1440 mufflea1450 alaynec1450 mew?c1450 purloin1461 to keep close?1471 oversilec1478 bewrap1481 supprime1490 occulta1500 silec1500 smoor1513 shadec1530 skleir1532 oppressa1538 hudder-mudder1544 pretex1548 lap?c1550 absconce1570 to steek away1575 couch1577 recondite1578 huddle1581 mew1581 enshrine1582 enshroud1582 mask1582 veil1582 abscondc1586 smotherc1592 blot1593 sheathe1594 immask1595 secret1595 bemist1598 palliate1598 hoodwinka1600 overmaska1600 hugger1600 obscure1600 upwrap1600 undisclose1601 disguise1605 screen1611 underfold1612 huke1613 eclipsea1616 encavea1616 ensconcea1616 obscurify1622 cloud1623 inmewa1625 beclouda1631 pretext1634 covert1647 sconce1652 tapisa1660 shun1661 sneak1701 overlay1719 secrete1741 blank1764 submerge1796 slur1813 wrap1817 buttress1820 stifle1820 disidentify1845 to stick away1900 1661 C. Mageoghegan tr. Ann. Clonmacnois (BL MS Add. 4817) f. 1^v Fintan..shunned himselfe from y^e violence thereof [i.e. of the flood] in a Caue. 1661 C. Mageoghegan tr. Ann. Clonmacnois (BL MS Add. 4817) f. 2 All the foule..gathered themselues there to shunne themselues. 1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester Shun, to screen, e.g., a shrub planted to hide back premises. 8. dialect. To shove, push. [Perhaps another word.] Cf. shunt v. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push thrustc1175 pilta1200 pingc1300 pote1340 pusha1350 beara1398 pokea1425 possa1425 pressc1425 shun1674 crowd1830 1674 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 76 To Shun: to shove. Suss. 1851 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 3 205/1 In an assault case at Reigate, I heard the complainant say of a man who had hustled him, ‘He kept shunning me along: sometimes he shunt me on the road’. 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. at Shun He shunned me off the pavement. 1876 G. L. Gower Surrey Provincialisms (at cited word) They havn't made the hole large enough to get a stick in to shun the dung back. Compounds † shun-field n. Obsolete one who shuns the battlefield. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [noun] > skulking > skulker > one who avoids military service askefisea1425 shun-field1675 bomb-proof1869 embusqué1916 1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xiv. 199 My vertue won her, I no shun-field [ϕυγοπτόλεμο] was. shun-pike n. U.S. (see quot. 1911). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > main or major road > turnpike or toll-road > road constructed to evade shun-pike1853 1853 Albany Evening Atlas 9 Apr. 4 The Oswego Canal..has been called a ‘shun pike’. Produce sent by Lake Ontario and the Oswego Canal, avoids tolls on the canals west of Syracuse. 1862 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. i. ii. 35 Ef your soul Don't sneak thru shun-pikes so 's to save the toll. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 1053/1 A shunpike, or road constructed to facilitate evasion of tolls on a turnpike road, may be closed by injunction. shunpike v. (intransitive) to drive along minor roads, avoiding the toll on turnpikes, or for pleasure. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (intransitive)] > on minor roads shunpike1964 1964 Collier's Encycl. Yearbk. 70 Besides making long trips at high speed, motorists could take part in sports car rallies, chug about in antiques, ‘shunpike’ on quiet back roads. shunpiker n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > driver or operator of vehicle > [noun] > on roads > on minor roads shunpiker1967 1967 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 22 Apr. 55 (advt.) Smooth roads, beautiful scenery—what more could a shunpiker want? shun-piking n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > [noun] > on road > on specific type of road shun-piking1961 1961 M. Beadle These Ruins are Inhabited (1963) iv. 41 George's reaction was to avoid all main roads—which is a good idea anyway if you're not in a hurry, the virtues of shun-piking being self-evident. 1972 Alberta Motorist (Edmonton) Apr. 6/3 There are, of course, many times when shunpiking is preferable for the traveller. † shun-thank n. Obsolete one who grudges thanks. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > ingratitude > [noun] > ungrateful person ungratec1540 shun-thank1593 ingrate1672 1593 Passionate Morrice in Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 81 But were not they shonne-thanks they would speake better of Honesties sonne. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1823n.²1888v.a950
随便看	to link off to link up to link up with to lippen a thing in, upon to lippen for to lippen in, upon to lipper up, off to liquate out to liquor a person's boots to liquor a person's hide to liquor boots to liquor hide to liquor over to liquor up to lirt forth to list a soldier or for a soldier to list of to list oneself a soldier or for a soldier to listen for, after to listen forth, out to listen good to listen hear reason to listen in to listen of to listen on

shunn.1

'shunn.2

shunv.

Compounds

shunn.¹

'shunn.²