单词 | similitude |
释义 | similituden. 1. a. A comparison drawn between two things or facts; the expression of such comparison.Sometimes, especially in early use, spec.: = simile n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] > instance of likenessc1175 similec1400 similitudec1400 resemblancec1405 resembling1482 congression1660 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > simile ylikenessOE likenessc1175 comparisona1382 similec1400 similitudec1400 resemblancec1405 analogya1536 likening1573 parabola1577 icon1589 parabole1828 c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1873) C. xx. l. 160 Similitude [c1400 Huntington HM 137 By this simile..ich seo an euidence, That ho so synegeþ in þe seynt espirit, asoillede worth he neuere]. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 3v By similitude ryght so is the kyng..with hys people, as the saule with the body. a1535 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 84 I shal put then a more ernest ymage of our condicion & that not a fained similitude but a very true fassion & fygure of oure worshipful estate. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 100 b A similitude is a likenesse when two thynges, or mo then two, are so compared and resembled together, that thei bothe in some one propertie seme like. 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi v. §2. 122 A similitude may be taken from a chest-nut..breaking in the fire. 1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 52 As for our Metaphorical and Similitude-men of the Pulpit, these things to them are too still and languid. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 266 To sneak away like a Cock, seems to be a very improper Similitude. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 303. ¶20 Those, who are acquainted with Homer's and Virgil's way of Writing, cannot but be pleased with this kind of Structure in Milton's Similitudes. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 62 Nor could I think of a similitude to illustrate it. 1837 C. Lofft Self-formation I. i. 31 My good mother watched over me as tenderly as—I had a similitude in my mind, but no comparison will do. 1875 A. Helps Social Pressure iii. 44 London is often likened to Babylon; but the similitude is a very unjust one. 1905 F. Greenslet J. R. Lowell iv. 153 Flights of imaginative eloquence..in which the analogical faculty of the poet finds expression in some heightened similitude. 1986 J. M. Coetzee in N.Y. Rev. Bks. 18 Dec. 12/2 The enterprise of yielding himself to the processes by which thought thinks itself out..in metaphors, likenesses, similitudes. 2004 19th-cent. Lit. 59 303 Smith's refiguration of Milton's simile involves Beachy Head in a chain of similitudes that suggests trouble both abroad and at home. b. A parable; an allegory.Esp. in or with reference to biblical use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > parable, allegory, or apologue > [noun] byspelc950 by-talea1300 forbyseninga1300 fable1340 parablec1384 similitudea1425 examplec1425 allegoryc1450 problema1500 apologuea1555 byworda1557 mythology1603 Aesopism1845 exemplum1883 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > allegory > an allegory likenessc1175 parablec1250 proverbc1384 similitudea1425 allegoryc1450 semblable1547 allusion1548 mythology1603 parabolic1829 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke viii. 4 He seide bi a symylitude [L. per similitudinem], He that sowith, ȝede out to sowe his seed. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. iii. f. xxxjv This fable made Esope for a symylytude whiche is prouffitable to many folkes. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 426 I shall say to the an Ensawmple and a semelitude of a woman, that was a paynym. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xlvii. 15 He couered and fylled the whole londe with similitudes and wyse prudent sentences. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. Authors Way sig. A4v A dark Similitude Will on the Fancie more it self intrude,..Then things from Similies not borrowed. View more context for this quotation 1753 J. Cennick Marriage of Isaac 15 He..comes down from Heaven to Earth to call you to his Marriage. This is no Similitude, no Parable, no Likeness or Figure, but this is a real and solid Truth. 1825 B. Hibbard Mem. Life & Trav. 88 His brother..began with a similitude. He said, ‘supposing I hold a staff in my hand, [etc.] .’ 1855 J. Murdock tr. New Test. Matt. xiii. 34 All these things Jesus discoursed to the multitude in similitudes; and without similitudes he did not discourse with them. 1928 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 48 81 The play was intended for performance at the Easter festival, of which the sacrifice of Isaac was naturally a recognised type or ‘prophetic similitude’. 2000 T. K. Seim in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 513/2 With allegory out of the way, the parables were classified in two major categories: similitudes (aphoristic parables) and parables proper (extended narratives). ΚΠ 1607 G. Powel Reioynder vnto Mild Defence in De Adiaphoris v. 138 The Defender is not ignorant, that Similitudes runne not with foure feete, as the Prouerbe is. 1695 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 87 If..this very place was a Temple of Jupiter Belus, the Similitude will run upon all Four. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. lxxvi Similitudes, even when they are taken from Asses, do not walk upon All Four. 1703 Special Medit. conc. Good Lett. & Good Manners 17 For no similitude (they say) runs upon four feet; meaning that when two things are compared together, there is not all manner of likeness found between them. 1731 Divine Personality Christ Defended 24 I'll venture to affirm the logical Maxim..that a Similitude does not run on four Feet, is more than verify'd here. 1814 R. Rush Let. 20 Apr. in Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. & Biogr. (1937) 61 45 Sir, if Mr J. Adams..would obtain for us beforehand as opportune a loan as you did, it would add to the value of his services, and go nearer towards putting the similitude upon all fours. a1881 T. Carlyle Hist. Sketches (1898) i. iii. 27 Similitudes that have to flounder along on three legs, flourishing the fourth by way of accompaniment. 2. A symbolic representation of something; a sign, a symbol. Now somewhat rare.In quot. a1456: a prefiguring sign of something, a prefiguration. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol tokeningc888 tokenc890 print1340 bannerc1380 signingc1390 signala1393 signc1400 similitude?c1400 type?a1500 sacrament1534 resemblance1548 adumbration1552 character1569 picture1580 symbol1590 moral?1594 attribute1600 symbolization1603 allegory1606 emblema1616 hieroglyph1646 simile1682 documentor1684 symptoma1687 monument1728 metaphor1836 presentation1866 symbolisms1876 ideogram1897 picture message1912 figura1959 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. v. l. 2078 A tyraunt..shewid[e] by similitude [L. simulauit] þe dredes of realmes by gastnesse of a swerde þat heng ouer þe heued of his familier. a1456 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 37 Þis goostly manna..To vs figureþe..A symilitude of þe sacrament. 1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes vii. f. xxxix In this Sacrament is a sygne or a figure, or a similitude of Christes body. 1628 T. Brabourne Disc. Sabbath Day 112 Gods rest at the creation is not a type properly, as hauing relation to Christ incarnate but a similitude only, as shadowing out Heauen. 1660 S. Crisp Descr. Church of Scotl. 11 The Baptisme which is the answer of a good conscience, and which is the similitude of Christ[s] death. 1887 T. Davidson tr. St. Bonaventure in Jrnl. Speculative Philos. 21 304 Every creature is by nature an effigy and similitude [L. effigies et similitudo] of that eternal Wisdom; but especially so is that creature which in the book of Scripture was assumed by the spirit of prophecy for the prefiguration of spiritual things. 1914 Jrnl. Eng & Germanic Philol. 13 584 He makes very clear the distinction between mere secular curiosity about the natural world and the use of its phenomena as similitudes of spiritual truth. 1978 College Lit. 5 39 Alchemy..is, in a sense, a similitude for God's super natural science. 3. A person or thing resembling, or having the likeness of, some other person or thing; a matching counterpart or equal. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > one who resembles another the secondc1386 similitudec1405 likenessa1500 resembler1570 similar1653 resemblance1794 ringer1878 the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > a similarity similitudec1405 likeliness?a1425 resembling1482 likelihood1495 resemblance1532 semblable1547 likeness1598 conformitya1639 commonalty1841 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 42 He knew nat Catoun..That bad men sholde wedde his similitude. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 472 Pitee renneth soone in gentil herte Feelynge his similitude in peynes smerte. ?a1475 G. Banester Guiscardo & Ghismonda (BL Add.) l. 581 in H. G. Wright Tales from Decameron (1937) 34 (MED) Youth will to youth and lofe to lufe euermore..Yche thing drawith vnto hys similitude. a1505 R. Henryson Prayer for Pest 45 in Poems (1981) 168 Haif rewth, lord, of thyn awin similitude. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. bi The similitude of an hande sent downe, toke me by the heer of my heed. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 19 The Romanists will worship their counterfeit similitude, in stone or tree. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 384 Begotten Son, Divine Similitude, In whose conspicuous count'nance..th' Almighty Father shines. View more context for this quotation 1714 R. Steele Poet. Misc. Ded. Men of your Talents oblige the World, when they are studious to produce in others the Similitude of their Excellencies. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ii. 23 The shadow stood, similitude exact Of Nestor. 1826 Herald of Peace 5 90/1 The offspring is a similitude of that from which its being has been immediately derived. 1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. vi. 130 Nature..bearing a relation to something moral of which it is the similitude and type. 1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxv. 473 The underground vegetative portion [of the mycelium] sometimes forms a white cord-like similitude of a root. 2003 G. T. Conaty in L. Peers & A. K. Brown Museums & Source Communities xiii. 234 Nitsitapiisinni is an especially complex exhibit, transforming a rectangular cement box into a similitude of the Blackfoot environment. 4. a. The form, appearance, or image of someone or something; semblance, likeness. Frequently with of or possessive. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation form?c1225 figurea1340 likeness1340 print1340 nebshaftc1350 resemblancea1393 visagea1400 similitude?a1425 representationc1450 simulacre1483 representa1500 semblance1513 idea1531 image1531 similitudeness1547 type1559 living image1565 portrait1567 counter-figure1573 shadow1580 countershape1587 umbrage1604 medal1608 reflex1608 remonstrance1640 transcript1646 configurationa1676 phantom1690 facsimile1801 personation1851 featuring1864 zoomorph1883 the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > image of a person or thing print1340 imagec1384 similitude?a1425 picturec1475 similitudeness1547 portrait1567 idol1590 model1594 self-imagea1672 duplicate1701 moral1751 ditto1776 fetch1787 double1798 fetch-like1841 splitting image1880 spitting image1901 spit1929 split-image1950 clone1977 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Hunterian) f. 38v (MED) Musculus is cleped so at þe similitude [L. formam] off a mouse, and lacertus is cleped so at þe similitude off a lesarde. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1627 Slike a segg in my slepe me sodanly aperid, Euyn in slike a similitude & þis same wedis. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 429 (MED) He..rehersede..how that he was made in the similitude of an horse. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 22 (MED) Þou schalt fynde two vtilitees in þe yȝe liddis: The firste þat þei schulden dresse þe spicis & þe fourmis or similitudis of visible þingis vn to þe appil of þe yȝe. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 62 By the lady..we shall vndirstond the soule formed to the symylitude of god. 1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader sig. Mi Christ cam not to be served but to serve, takinge vpon him the similitude of a servante. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 191 The first degree of this image and similitude that is in man. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 13 He that waiteth for Christ..conformeth himselfe daily vnto his similitude. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 520 Let us make now Man in our image, Man In our similitude . View more context for this quotation 1704 C. Povey Holy Thoughts on God made Man xxv. 517 My Mind, which so nearly resembles thee, and has so much of thy Father's Similitude. 1754 Coll. Hymns Children of God in All Ages (Moravian Church) i. 150/1 The good and gracious God In his Similitude Form'd the human Species. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. ii. iii. 183 Behold this Flame, in man's similitude. 1896 J. D. W. Vision in Bradley, his Bk. Aug. It lay, a dreadful and monstrous creature in the similitude of a huge tortoise, upon a platform..at one side of the monument. 1966 Theosophy June 229 Man, now fearing the wild beasts, has grown to bear on his face the similitude of many of them. 1997 J. M. Ferrante tr. Elisabeth of Schönau in To Glory of her Sex v. 145 I [sc. God] created mankind..in my image and similitude [L. ad imaginem et similitudinem meam]. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun] > pictorial representation portraiturea1393 portrayc1415 picture?a1439 similitudea1450 depicture?a1513 zography1570 picturing1585 description1590 delineament1593 delineation1594 delineature1611 depiction1688 zoography1814 portrayal1847 depicturing1850 depicturementa1866 pictorialism1869 depicting1885 pictorialization1901 picturization1913 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [noun] > a sculpture or carving graving1382 carvingc1384 similitudea1450 piece1579 insculpturea1616 sculpture1616 draught1646 cut1658 cutting1787 sculpc1845 mushroom stone1957 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xvii. l. 356 (MED) Thow schost Anon putten Away Thike fals simylitude þat thow hast kept Mani day. c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 159 A noþir part of hir pictur is þat sche is euyr peyntid ȝong..Many mo similitudes ar writen be twix þese. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 21 Promotheus..mad first of erde ymages of men, and of him cam al þat craft of maumentrie, and for þis cause þe poetes feyned þat he was þe first maker of men, for he mad first swech similitudes. a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) l. 17 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 540 I fond to purpos a similitude Ful craftily depeyntid vpon a wall. 5. a. The quality or state of being similar or alike; resemblance, similarity, likeness. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] anlikenessOE ylikenessOE likenessa1250 likeliheada1393 resemblancea1393 likeliness?a1425 similitudec1425 semblingc1440 alikenessc1450 assemblance1485 agreement1495 likelihood1495 agreeance1525 analogy1542 simility1543 semblablenessc1550 semblance1576 nearness1577 vicinity1594 simile1604 assimilation1605 consimilitude1610 parity1612 bly1615 similarity1615 connaturality1621 similiancy1622 connaturalnessa1628 reasemblance1638 consimilarity1658 similariness1669 similarness1670 consimility1680 kindredship1733 family likeness1759 family resemblance1785 cognateness1816 feel1892 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 62 (MED) All the benefetys..done..for the prolixite of this tretyse And the symylytude of myracles, I haue omysid to write. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 45 (MED) The ynnere part of þis cod is of þe substaunce of Siphac, to whom þei ben in similitude riȝt as two pokettis of a sak sumdel ydrawen togideris by hem silf. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) Table 1 Owen the kynges..to haue puyssaunce and seygnorye vpon the knyghtes, And the knyȝtes by symylytude oughten to haue power..ouer the moyen peple. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclixv So than in that it is more symilytude to the euerlastyng presence. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ei v Specially hauyng symilytude of maners togyder. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 279 Similitude and likenesse is a great cause of loue,..because similitude maketh many things to be as one and the same thing. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan Introd. 2 The similitude of Passions, which are the same in all men. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 287 Casaubon writ a whole Book on purpose, to shew they had no Similitude nor Affinity with one another. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 143. ⁋14 As not every instance of similitude can be considered as a proof of imitation. 1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. iv. 68 A young man whom similitude of manners had rendered one of his principal confidents. 1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 405 Such deviations..as will efface all traces of similitude of structure. 1878 J. J. Young Ceramic Art 43 No better examples can be given of similitude. 1902 Mind 10 248 The close similitude existing between what Randolph calls ‘actual love’ and ‘resemblant passion’ is so marked that one might well mistake one for the other. 1943 Philos. Rev. 52 19 The category of substantivity has no similitude to the pictorial eleatic conception of matter of the nineteenth century. 2007 N. Angier Canon vi. 170 Not every case of similitude in nature is proof of a close bloodline. b. An instance of this; a point of similarity, a resemblance. ΚΠ a1751 Visct. Bolingbroke Philos. Wks. (1754) V. lxxv. 178 The case of analogy is very different. It is a similitude or resemblance of an object with some diversity, as the schoolmen say very intelligibly. 1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) II. 174 Accustomed to cruelty,..they expected a similitude of treatment. 1808 Belfast Monthly Mag. Sept. 62/1 The features bear too strong a similitude to doubt its legitimacy. 1850 Cottage Gardener 22 Aug. 319/1 It seems as if when they..fell from it [sc. the Garden of Paradise] they carried with them..a love for every similitude, even in name, to their first abode. 1928 Times 19 Jan. 5/5 He pointed out that if the documents before the Court were forgeries, of course there would be clever similitudes between them. 1985 D. Lowenthal Past is Foreign Country (1988) iv. 127 Most attitudes toward ageing suppose a similitude between human beings and things of natural and human make. 2014 Atlantis 36 117 The writing of Robinson..perhaps suffers from the same inclination to oversimplify the similitudes or differences between sexes as her patriarchal or chauvinist rivals. a. Likelihood, probability. Esp. in by (also of) (all, any, some) similitude. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [noun] > judged by closeness to truth similitudec1450 appearance?1531 semblance1548 probableness1561 resemblance1561 verisimilitude1603 verisimility1646 plausibility1649 vraisemblance1802 c1450 J. Metham Days Moon (Garrett) in Wks. (1916) 154 Qwat that a man dremyth schuld turne to trwthe be sum symylytude. 1513 King Henry VIII in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1824) V. 317 In caas the said retardation had not been, our said ship of al similitude had not happened into the said daungier. 1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) i. 8 To knowe whyther and vnto what place It wolde me brynge by ony symylytude. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxviv The Frenchemen whiche by al similitude had knowledge of the kynges passage entered amongest the kynges nauie. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) VII. 27 This Castel..cam to them be similitude by Maryage. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 715 He thinkyng..to take a dammage at the Duke of Burgoynes hande, yea, and such a dammage, as by all similitude, was both like, continually to grieue the realme of England. b. That which makes a person likely to do or be something; a propensity, a predisposition. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross Middle Eng. Serm. (1940) 306 (MED) Þe children here..for þe must part folowen þe properte..of her faders..And right as kend ȝeueþ hem a similitude to be like her faders bodely. Derivatives siˈmilitudeness n. rare (a) likeness (= sense 4a) (obsolete); (b) similarity (= sense 5a). ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation form?c1225 figurea1340 likeness1340 print1340 nebshaftc1350 resemblancea1393 visagea1400 similitude?a1425 representationc1450 simulacre1483 representa1500 semblance1513 idea1531 image1531 similitudeness1547 type1559 living image1565 portrait1567 counter-figure1573 shadow1580 countershape1587 umbrage1604 medal1608 reflex1608 remonstrance1640 transcript1646 configurationa1676 phantom1690 facsimile1801 personation1851 featuring1864 zoomorph1883 the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > image of a person or thing print1340 imagec1384 similitude?a1425 picturec1475 similitudeness1547 portrait1567 idol1590 model1594 self-imagea1672 duplicate1701 moral1751 ditto1776 fetch1787 double1798 fetch-like1841 splitting image1880 spitting image1901 spit1929 split-image1950 clone1977 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxv Man is made to the similitudnes of god. 1931 New Yorker 5 Dec. 56/2 Apt, yet wistful, you bemoan Masculine similitudeness, Panning the male monotone Bluntly, or with expert shrewdness. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] evennessOE eveningc1225 collationc1374 respitea1382 comparison1393 proportion?a1425 resemblance?a1439 comparation1483 comparing1489 commensuration1526 parificationc1537 conferring1561 paragon1590 counter-scale1645 counterbalance1647 collibration1656 confrontation1665 similituding1681 simile1682 confronting1887 1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem ii. 51 Thy own and other souls deluding, By such prophane similituding. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > compare [verb (intransitive)] compare1597 similize1686 similitudinize1830 1830 Spectator 17 July 504/1 The escape from between the barriers to the freedom of the Terrace, seems to have inspired one of our contemporaries..with a fit of similitudinizing, of a very intense character. 1837 Fraser's Mag. 15 316 Melodiously similitudinising in Sapphics languid or Alcaics terse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400 |
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