单词 | similarity |
释义 | similarityn. 1. The state or fact of being similar in some way; likeness, resemblance.In early use also: †homogeneity, uniformity (cf. similar adj. 1) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] anlikenessOE ylikenessOE likenessa1250 likeliheada1393 resemblancea1393 likeliness?a1425 similitudec1425 semblingc1440 alikenessc1450 assemblance1485 agreement1495 likelihood1495 agreeance1525 analogy1542 simility1543 semblablenessc1550 semblance1576 nearness1577 vicinity1594 simile1604 assimilation1605 consimilitude1610 parity1612 bly1615 similarity1615 connaturality1621 similiancy1622 connaturalnessa1628 reasemblance1638 consimilarity1658 similariness1669 similarness1670 consimility1680 kindredship1733 family likeness1759 family resemblance1785 cognateness1816 feel1892 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια xi. i. 825 If you regard a veine as it is a Similar part, then must you define it by his temper, (for the temper is the forme of the similarity, that I may so speake). 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. iv, in Medicinal Dispensatory 148 Many [plants]..being indistinguishable because of their similarity in form and quality, have obtained the same denomination. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 56 Both which experiments do prove an homogeneity and similarity of their substance. 1704 tr. P. de La Hire New Elem. Conick Sections i. 31 From the Similarity of Triangles, the Square of BT is to the Square of BD, as BT to BF. 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty iii. 19 The exact similarity of the two halves of the face. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 280 There is a strong similarity between the Hebrew and the Scythiac languages. 1843 A. Bethune Sc. Peasant's Fire-side 91 Nothing has a greater tendency to unlock the heart..than a similarity of misfortunes. 1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. ii. 41 Certain insects escape danger by their similarity to plants. 1903 W. R. Fisher tr. A. F. W. Schimper Plant-geogr. 551 The steppe of the Hungarian plain exhibits close climatic similarity to that of South Russia. 1983 M. Mackie Exploring Gender Relations v. 150 Similarity provides a basis for shared activities, in this case, doing ‘boy things’ or ‘girl things’. 2014 T. McCulloch Stillman 9 I'm struck by the similarity between my wife and daughter. 2. As a count noun: a point of resemblance; a detail, aspect, etc., in which a particular thing is similar to another. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > a similarity > similarities similarity1750 1750 B. Franklin Opinions & Conjectures Prop. & Effects Electr. Matter in Papers (1961) IV. 20 Before I leave this Subject of Lightning, I may mention some other Similarities between the Effects of that and those of Electricity. 1780 Morning Chron. 28 Dec. We forbear to say any thing of the similarities to characters and incidents in other pieces, which present themselves in this Opera. 1836 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers on Continent 134/1 Those who are acquainted with the French metropolis will find here many similarities. 1850 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Mar. 213 We are not a caviller, neither do we believe that every similarity of expression is an intentional theft. 1872 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times (ed. 3) xv. 557 Presenting many remarkable similarities. 1922 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 203 129 Important similarities..may be noted in..the same dental formula. 1975 K. Katzner Langs. of World ii. 257 There are sufficient similarities to indicate that they were a single language several thousand years ago. 1995 I. Tattersall Fossil Trail (1996) ii. 23 Emphasis was placed on the differences between human races, rather than upon their similarities. 2013 M. Wall Black Sabbath ii. 227 We're a very different band to the one Ozzy was in... The only similarity is the name. Compounds C1. General attributive, esp. with reference to systems or processes for indicating or determining the degree of similarity between particular things. ΚΠ 1913 H. Münsterberg Psychol. & Industr. Efficiency xxii. 287 We ask thirty to forty educated persons to express the similarity value, calling identical postal cards 100 per cent and two postal cards as different as a colored flower piece and a black picture of a street scene 0. 1948 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 28 115 According to our conception of a similarity continuum varying in levels of abstraction, synonyms must be regarded as highly abstract responses. 1969 D. Lerner & M. Gorden Euratlantica 393 Numerical taxonomy allows for the correction of similarity scores by keeping missing information from artificially lowering the similarity measure between two respondents. 2000 N. Masatoshi & K. Sudhir Molecular Evol. & Phylogenetics iii. 46 The similarity between two sequences is measured by a similarity index. C2. similarity class n. Mathematics a set consisting of all matrices which are similar (similar adj. 3c) to one another. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > array > matrix > element or quality of column1846 skew-symmetry1927 entry1928 off-diagonal1932 similarity class1952 1952 R. R. Stoll Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory vii. 176 The similarity classes of transformations are in one-one correspondence with the similarity classes of n × n matrices. 1975 S. Koh et al. tr. I. Satake Linear Algebra iii. 141 The set of all matrices which are similar to a given matrix is called the ‘similarity class’ of this matrix. 2010 B. Cooperstein Adv. Linear Algebra vi. 189 This has consequences for the similarity classes of real symmetric and Hermitian matrices. similarity group n. Mathematics (a) the group (group n. 7) consisting of all transformations mapping geometric figures to similar figures (see similarity transformation n. (a)); (b) the group of all transformations mapping mutually similar matrices to one another (see similarity transformation n. (b)); now rare. ΚΠ 1915 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 50 207 Then the subgroup of the similarity group which preserves angle are [sic] those for which b1 = b2. 1937 A. A. Albert Mod. Higher Algebra iv. 76 We are studying the invariants of matrices A under a group of transformations A ↔ PAP−1 called the similarity group. 1995 IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. & Machine Intelligence 17 810/2 The group of affine transformations includes the similarity group as a sub-group. similarity set n. a set of things considered similar to one another. ΚΠ 1953 Rev. Metaphysics 7 12 From this imbroglio emerge..the two notions of class, the ordinary concreta class consisting of Socrates, Plato, and all other whole wise creatures, and the abstracta class of their wisdoms, our similarity set. 1977 R. Holland Self & Social Context viii. 232 Objects normally grouped together in similarity sets may change their relationships following a revolution in science. 2009 Synthese 170 73 Whenever a member of a similarity set that corresponds to an event type occurs, the latter is said to be instantiated. similarity transformation n. Mathematics (a) a transformation that maps geometric figures to similar figures (see similar adj. 3a). (b) a transformation that maps matrices to similar matrices (see similar adj. 3c). ΚΠ 1904 Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc. 1903–4 22 23 By rotation and similarity transformation, the one triangle can be transformed into the other. 1910 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 32 113 The matrices corresponding to the forms λ − AB−1, λ − A′B′−1 have, as their complete system of invariants under the similarity transformation, (I) their order, (II) the roots of their characteristic equations, (III) the exponents of their elementary divisors. 2007 M. Giaquinta & G. Modica Math. Anal. v. 183 Euclidean plane geometry is the study of the plane figures and of their properties that are invariant under similarity transformations. 2007 D. S. Watkins Matrix Eigenvalue Probl. ii. 53 We consider similarity transformations by matrices of a very simple form. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1615 |
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