shovev.¹

Brit.

/ʃʌv/, U.S.

/ʃəv/

Inflections: Past tense and participle shoved

/ʃʌvd/;

Forms: 1. Present stem.

α. Old English sceúfan, Old English scúfan, Middle English schoffe, Middle English schouve, Middle English schove, Middle English schowe, Middle English schowf, Middle English schowve, Middle English schowwyn, Middle English schuven, Middle English scuven, Middle English shouwe, Middle English showe, Middle English showve, Middle English shufe, Middle English suuen, Middle English xowyn, Middle English–1600s shuff, Middle English– shove, 1500s schow, 1500s sowe, 1600s shoove; also 3rd singular indicative Old English scífð, Old English scúfeð, Old English scúfið, Old English scýft, Old English scýfð. OE¹Scufan [see sense 1a]. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxiv. 137 Præcipito ic sceufe.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 233 Schuueð. hit ut. c1275 [see sense 2a]. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 17396 Suueþ and hebbeþ mid al ȝoure strengþe.a1300 E.E. Psalter lxi. 5 Mi worth þai thoght to schouue awai.c1320 Beues 2592 Whan þe beschop him scholde in schoue. c1403 [see sense 7a]. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 58 Leueful is with force, force of showue.c1440 York Myst. xxxvi. 297 In Jesu side schoffe it þis tyde.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 105/1 Showen [later v.rr. xowyn, shoue], impello.1449 Rolls of Parl. V. 152/1 Hevyng and shuffyng of her Chaffare out and home.?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 43 He schowis on [a1586 chowis] me his schewill mouth.1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iii. 93 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian To shoove it down.

β. Old English scéofan, Middle English scheve, Middle English schyve, Middle English seve. See also sheave v.²c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxviii. 171 Trudo, ic sceofe. c1275 [see ]. c1320 [see sense 7a]. c1440 Wyclif's Bible, Judges xvi. 19 To caste [MS. I., schyue] hym awei.

2. Past tense. a. Strong. (i). Originally 1st and 3rd singular Old English scéaf, Middle English scæf, Middle English scef, Middle English schef, Middle English schof, Middle English schofe, Middle English schove, Middle English sef, Middle English sheef, Middle English shoef, Middle English shof, Middle English shofe, Middle English shoff, Middle English shoif, Middle English shoof, Middle English shoofe, Middle English shoove, Middle English shyf, 1500s schew. 993 Batt. Maldon (Gr.) 136 He sceaf þa mid þam scylde.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4672 He þa scipen vt scæf [c1300 Otho sef]. c1275 [see sense 1c]. c1290 St. Brendan 412 in S. Eng. Leg. 231 After heore schip so swyþe he schef [v.rr. scef, schof, showved]. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 871 Hauelok shof dun nyne or ten.c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 154 Til African my gyde Me hente and shofe [v.rr. shof, shoff, schofe, shoofe, shoif] yn at the gatys wyde.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiii. ix. 624 Syr Bagdemagus..sheef hym thorou the ryght sholder.1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 90 How I shoef and stack.a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 67/31 The bischope..schew out his toung. (ii). Plural Old English sceufon, Old English scufun, Old English–Middle English -sceofon, Old English–Middle English scufon, Middle English schoven, Middle English schowen, Middle English scufen, Middle English scuven, Middle English shoven, Middle English soven, Middle English ssove, Middle English suuen. OE Beowulf 215 Guman ut scufon..wudu bundenne.OE Beowulf 3131 Dracan ec scufun, wyrm ofer weallclif.c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 29 Hig arison & scufon [1160 Hatton Gosp. scufen] hine of ðære ceastre.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10441 He scufen [c1300 Otho souen] from þan stronde scipen.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3919 Heo scuuen [c1300 Otho souen] ut heore lof.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3103 Hii..uaste ssone [v.r. schofe] & drowe. b. Weak Middle English schovede, Middle English schuft, Middle English schufte, Middle English shofed, Middle English showed, Middle English showved, Middle English showvyt, Middle English shufte, Middle English– shoved, 1500s shoffed. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3290 & schuft his scheld on is schulder.c1440 Alphabet of Tales 144 He showed hym oute att þe dure.c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 1578 Floripe..shofed hire oute in to the flode. 3. Past participle. a. Strong Old English sceofen, Old English -scoben, Old English scofen, Old English -scyfen (northern), Middle English i-schuven, Middle English i-scoven, Middle English schove, Middle English schoven, Middle English shove, Middle English y-schove, Middle English y-shove, Middle English– shoven. OE Beowulf 918 Ða wæs morgenleoht scofen ond scynded.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 129 Heo weren iscouen.c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 162 Hit is..iþe schrift ischuuen ut.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 107 Watres ben her ðer-under suuen.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 726 Thus by report was hir name I~shoue [v.rr. y-shove, yshoue, y-schoue, shoue].1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 202 He..Was schoven out of his empire.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. vii. 699 The shyp was anone shouen in the see.1764 Oxf. Sausage 197 Here..The mouldy old Crust, Of Nell Batchelor lately was shoven.1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. I. xiv. 452 To be thrust and shoven. b. Weak Middle English schowid, Middle English schowved, Middle English schufte, Middle English shufte, Middle English shuftyd, Middle English–1500s shuffed, 1500s shoved, 1600s shooved. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum viii. xliii. (Tollemache MS.) A lyȝt beme is broke oþer schufte [1582 shuft] aside.a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4759 He wald haue schowid on þat schene.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 44 He schulde be..harde þer~oute schowued.c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. xliv. 115 Þei ben shuftyd [v.r. shuffed] from oon to a noþer.1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 1226/1 They shal bee pushed and shoued in by vyolence.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: A Common Germanic (originally strong) verb: Old English scúfan (scéaf , scufon , scofen ) corresponds to Old Frisian skûva (North Frisian sküüw , skōw , West Frisian skouwe ), Middle Dutch schûven (modern Dutch schuiven ), Middle Low German schûven (modern Low German schuven ), Old High German sciuban (Middle High German, modern German schieben , early modern German also schauben ), Gothic (af)skiuban ; also with weak conjugation, Old Norse skúfa , more commonly skýfa ; < Germanic root *skeuƀ- : skauƀ-: skūƀ-. As there are traces of a variant with f instead of ƀ (see shovel n.), the pre-Germanic form is probably *skeup-.The Gothic and High German forms have the normal grade (eu ) of the present-stem; the other forms have an ‘aorist-present’ with ū as the root-vowel. The occasional Old English scéofan is generally regarded not as a descendant of Germanic *skeuƀ- , but as a late West Saxon phonetic development < scúfan ; another possibility is that it resulted from the analogy of other verbs of the same conjugation; that it had a falling diphthong seems clear from its representation in later English. The phonetic development, Old English scúfan , modern English shove /ʃʌv/ may be compared with Old English dúfe , modern English dove /dʌv/. In Scottish and northern dialect the Old English word regularly became in the 14–16th cent. showe , and should be represented in modern Scots by shoo (compare Scottish 14–16th cent. dowe , modern doo , dove), but this has not survived (unless it be in shue v. to swing), being superseded by the English shove.

Signification. (Generally equivalent to thrust, push; but now less dignified in use, often suggesting some notion of rough, careless, or hasty action.)

a. transitive. To thrust away with violence; to precipitate; to ‘cast’ (into prison, etc.). Obsolete exc. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > violently

shoveOE

swengea1225

slata1250

sleata1250

dashc1290

thringa1300

hurlc1305

lashc1330

to ding downc1380

rampenc1390

dinga1400

reelc1400

rash1485

flounce1582

squat1658

ram1718

whang1820

slug1862

slam1870

the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > violently > into a place or condition

warpc888

shoveOE

casta1225

frushc1380

OE Cynewulf Elene 692 Heht þa swa cwicne corðre Iædan, scufan scyldigne (scealcas ne gældon) in drygne seað.

OE Beowulf 3131 Dracan ec scufun, wyrm ofer weallclif.

c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 471/8 Precipitate, scufað.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1369 By þe legges lifte he þe schrewe þan & schef hur out ech del.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1029 If any schalke to be schent wer schowued þer-inne.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 1226/1 He that gathereth treasures shall be shoued into the grynnes of death.

a1568 Bannatyne MS (Hunterian Club) 210 Suthle he will ye schow Vnto the grund.

1844 T. Hood Forge ii. xii All at once he is seized and shoven..Headlong into the blazing oven.

†b. to shove out: to force oneself to utter.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > speak with effort or difficulty

to shove out?c1225

wringa1350

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 233 Alse schal þe schriueð him. efter þe greate schuuen vt þe smelre.

†c. To thrust (a weapon, etc.) into or through a body. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or penetrate (of weapon) [verb (transitive)] > strike with pointed weapon > thrust a pointed weapon

putc1275

shovec1275

rivec1330

stickc1390

stub1576

haft1582

uphilt1582

gar1587

embosom1590

emboss1590

flesh1590

imbrue1590

stabc1610

scour1613

c1275 Passion our Lord 499 in Old Eng. Misc. 51 He schef hit myd strenkþe þat to his heorte hit com.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 451 He wrapped a cloþ aboute his hond, and schove it in [to] þe leon his mowþe.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 288 He drew his knyfe & shewid it in his throte & kyllid hym.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella (1591) 6 In verde fielde, Mars bare a golden Speare, Which through a bleeding heart, his point did shoue.

1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Qi Then Aeneas..shoffed his Sworde through hys [sc. Turnus'] Breaste.

†d. To reject, banish; to eject from an office or dignity, from a society, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession

outshoveOE

to do out of ——OE

shovec1200

to put out of ——c1225

to cast out1297

void13..

usurpa1325

to put outa1350

outputa1382

outrayc1390

excludea1400

expulse?a1475

expel1490

to shut forth1513

to put forth1526

to turn out1546

depel?1548

disseisin1548

evict1548

exturb1603

debout1619

wincha1626

disseise1627

out-pusha1631

howster1642

oust1656

out1823

purge1825

the bum's rush1910

outplace1928

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 53 He erneð here, þat ure louerd ihesu crist him shendeð and wile shufe fro him a domes dai.

a1300 E.E. Psalter cxviii. 10 Fra þine bodes schouue [L. repellas] noght me.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1740 Þe medes schal be maysteres here, & þou of menske schowued.

c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 4940 Chesith eke gode men; and awey shoue The wykked.

c1421 26 Pol. Poems 111 From worldis worschipe y am shoue.

1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee i. 177 So some hasty man would be heaving and shoving out the wicked from the godly.

†e. To impart, communicate.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > impart

lendOE

common1340

parta1382

conveyc1386

impart1477

give1481

imprint1526

communicate1534

partake1561

impute1594

participate1598

communea1616

stamp1641

shove?a1650

conne1674

?a1650 W. Bosworth Chast & Lost Lovers (1651) i. 544 Her lips that oft did shove Life to the hearts of those that saw them move.

a. To move (a heavy or resisting object) forward by the application of muscular strength from behind; to push along with effort.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > push with effort

shovec1275

roodge1676

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8683 Ȝe mote..scuuen [c1300 Otho suueþ] & hebben mid hæȝere strenðe. treon græte & longe.

c1290 St. Edward 167 in S. Eng. Leg. 51 Huy schouen it [sc. a horse] faste forthþe-ward and drowen.

1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine v. 1846 Take to thin behoue Thyng that this bocher may not hale ne shoue, Take þou my soule.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 26 He shoof the table from hym.

1760 R. Brown Compl. Farmer: Pt. 2 The breast-plough, which a man shoves before him.

1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xxiv. 404 He was the first to shove the gangway on to the vessel.

1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xi. 211 With hands and feet for ever against the stone did he [Sisyphus] strain Up o'er the bent to shove it.

figurative.1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 5 June in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) v. 287 Their events seem to come in great masses, shoved along by the agency of many.

b. To force (a person, etc.) onwards by pushing. Also, to cause to fall over (a cliff, etc.) or out of (a place) by a push.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > push a person

shovea1387

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 89 Hunulphus..bete hym with his feest, and schuft [v.rr. schufte, schyf] hym, and putte hym forþ þoruȝ þe myddel of þe citee anon to þe walles.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 27 I..shooue hym forth so ferre, that he fylle doun vpon the floer.

1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) at Manumission The Lorde..therewith shewed [1592 ff. shoued] him forward out of his hands [Fr. & oue ceo il luy mise auant hors de ses maines].

1780 Ann. Reg. 196 Mr. Gough, turned round, and shoved Atkins over the bannister.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. xi. x. 331 I should stand a very good chance of being shoved by the shoulders out of doors.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. iii. 123 My master shoved the fellow over after he had stabbed him.

c. To throw down with a push.

ΚΠ

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 165 Part of the bank he schof doun riht.

a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 4250 He schof him quycly adoun.

1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 22 It is their constant practice to shove down with their heads great Trees.

†d. Of winds or other natural forces: To drive, propel, impel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > of natural forces

shovea1325

throwc1384

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 107 Watres ben her ðer-under suuen.

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) ii. pr. i. 32 Þou shalt be shouen not þider þat þou woldest: but whider þat þe wynde shoueþ þe.

14.. tr. Higden App. (Rolls) VII. 525 There come a whirlewynde..and schufte in the body anone to the ynner wal of the chirche.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 573 He knew ful wel how fer Alnath was shoue [v.rr. schoue, y-schoue, yshoue] Fro the heed of thilke fixe Aries aboue.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ii. 66 Like as when whistling Southerne winde..Shoouing the seas before his blast.

1705 J. Addison tr. Claudian in Remarks Italy 168 The Seas..shove the loaden Vessels into Port.

†e. figurative. To bring into prominence. Also, to impel, urge forward in a course of action. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > publicize or bring to public notice

shovec1385

publish1529

posta1640

publicize1832

eclat1835

promo1960

flack1975

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge on or incite

tar ona900

wheta1000

eggc1200

spura1225

aprick1297

ertc1325

sharpa1340

abaita1470

sharpen1483

to set (a person) forth1488

to set forth1553

egg1566

hound1571

shove?1571

edge1575

strain1581

spur1582

spurn1583

hag1587

edge1600

hist1604

switch1648

string1881

haik1892

goose1934

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1381 If that I live, thy name shal be shove In English, that thy sleighte shal be knowe!

?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. Gij Causes..sic as are able to shooue forwart and to push hedlang a hart for outrage nat able to gouerne it selfe.

f. To urge (a horse) to a leap.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > urge on > in specific way

gee-up1752

flog1841

shove1869

knee1924

1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ The O.V.H. xii He shoved his horse at the rail.

a. spec. To propel (a boat or other vessel) either by pushing at the stern or with a pole worked from the inside. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > pole or punt

shove1513

conta1687

set1705

punt1759

pole1769

kent1820

poy1834

shaft1869

quant1870

prick1891

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. v. 15 Hymself the cobil did with his bolm furth schow.

1649 J. Ogilby tr. Virgil Æneis (1684) v. 222 Old Portunus with his mighty Hand Shov'd him along.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. viii. 136 The Sea-men towed, and I shoved.

1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXII Set, a term used for a pole or shaft, used to shove boats along a canal, &c.

1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. ix. 108 I shoved on shore.

b. With out, off, or const. from. (a) transitive. To launch (a boat) by means of a steady push applied at the stern. (b) absol. To push one's vessel away from the bank. Also transferred of the boat.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > be launched [verb (intransitive)] > push away from shore

shoveOE

to push off1726

society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] > push off

shoveOE

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)]

shoveOE

to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1154

favour1362

abetc1380

sustainc1390

supportc1405

courage1470

comfort1481

friend1550

through-bear1554

countenance1568

foster1569

favourize1585

seconda1586

sidea1601

rally1624

feed1626

countenance1654

encourage1668

inserve1683

to go strong on1822

partake1861

sponsor1884

to hold a brief for1888

root1889

rah-rah1940

affirm1970

babysit1973

barrack-

(a)

OE Beowulf 215 Guman ut scufon..wudu bundenne.

a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1048 & gewende þa Godwine eorl & Swegen eorl to Bosenham & scufon ut heora scipu.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10773 Heo wenden þa scipen stronge to sculuen [read scuuen; c1300 Otho seue] from þan londe.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 287 As we endeavoured with strength to shove her off, the vessel overturned.

1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship II. xvii. 108 The boats were shoved off.

(b)1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. iv. 95 He and he Inforcis of to schowin the schip to saif.1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xli. iii. 1098 Others shove off from the wharfe.1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xvi. 254 The boat was not ordered to shove off.1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish v. 103 Into the boat he sprang, and in haste shoved off to his vessel.

c. intransitive. Of persons: to depart, go away. Const. with adverbs, as off, †out, etc. Cf. push v. 6b colloquial (originally U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

atwendOE

awayOE

to wend awayOE

awendOE

gangOE

rimeOE

flitc1175

to fare forthc1200

depart?c1225

part?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

biwitec1300

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to draw awayc1330

passc1330

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

voidc1374

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

waive1390

to pass out ofa1398

avoida1400

to pass awaya1400

to turn awaya1400

slakec1400

wagc1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

muck1429

packc1450

recede1450

roomc1450

to show (a person) the feetc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

devoidc1485

rebatea1500

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

to go one's ways1530

retire?1543

avaunt1549

to make out1558

trudge1562

vade?1570

fly1581

leave1593

wag1594

to get off1595

to go off1600

to put off1600

shog1600

troop1600

to forsake patch1602

exit1607

hence1614

to give offa1616

to take off1657

to move off1692

to cut (also slip) the painter1699

sheera1704

to go about one's business1749

mizzle1772

to move out1792

transit1797–1803

stump it1803

to run away1809

quit1811

to clear off1816

to clear out1816

nash1819

fuff1822

to make (take) tracks (for)1824

mosey1829

slope1830

to tail out1830

to walk one's chalks1835

to take away1838

shove1844

trot1847

fade1848

evacuate1849

shag1851

to get up and get1854

to pull out1855

to cut (the) cable(s)1859

to light out1859

to pick up1872

to sling one's Daniel or hook1873

to sling (also take) one's hook1874

smoke1893

screw1896

shoot1897

voetsak1897

to tootle off1902

to ship out1908

to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909

to push off1918

to bugger off1922

biff1923

to fuck off1929

to hit, split or take the breeze1931

to jack off1931

to piss offa1935

to do a mick1937

to take a walk1937

to head off1941

to take a hike1944

moulder1945

to chuff off1947

to get lost1947

to shoot through1947

skidoo1949

to sod off1950

peel1951

bug1952

split1954

poop1961

mugger1962

frig1965

society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]

to come awayeOE

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

awayOE

dealc1000

goOE

awendOE

rimeOE

to go one's wayOE

flitc1175

depart?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

to turn awaya1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

recede1450

roomc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

avaunt1549

trudge1562

vade?1570

discoast1571

leave1593

wag1594

to go off1600

troop1600

hence1614

to set on one's foota1616

to pull up one's stumps1647

quit1811

to clear out1816

slope1830

to walk one's chalks1835

shove1844

to roll out1850

to pull out1855

to light out1859

to take a run-out powder1909

to push off (also along)1923

1844 Spirit of Times 24 Aug. 302/2 As we shoved off from Fort P. our boys made the welkin ring, and away we dashed down the Apalachicola.

1856 ‘M. Twain’ Adv. T. J. Snodgrass (1928) 31 I shoved out for the Massasawit House.

1904 ‘O. Henry’ in McClure's Mag. Apr. 612/1 When dark came we fagged 'em a batch of bullets and shoved out the back door for the rocks.

1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 223/1 Shove off (Navy), to quit, go, flee, depart—from shoving off a boat from land or ship.

1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin vii. 105 'Ere, 'arf a mo'!..Don't shove orf.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 563 Well, I'll shove along.

1936 J. Steinbeck In Dubious Battle viii. 133 Them deputies knew we was goin' to shove off before daylight.

1956 P. Scott Male Child iii. ii. 206 I wouldn't dream of telling you to shove off. You're there by Alan's invitation.

1979 D. Anthony Long Hard Cure xiv. 113 My, look at the hour. I'd better shove off.

d. Similarly without adverb.

ΚΠ

1866 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. from Hawaii (1967) 43 I then took what small change he had and ‘shoved’.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xl. 343 We just unfurled our heels and shoved.

1944 Sat. Evening Post 9 Dec. 82/3 Well, I guess I'll shove. Good-by.

1954 C. Williams Touch of Death vii. 61 I'm going to shove. I can get away.

1975 N. Freeling What are Bugles blowing For? iv. 17 I have to ferry you down to the office... Let's shove, shall we?

a. Without the notion of difficulty. To push (something) so as to make it slide along a surface or in a groove or channel; also to move up or down by pushing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > push without effort or violence

shove1633

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. xxvi. 53 Six bands are set to stirre the moving tower: The first the proud band call'd, that lifts it higher; The next the humble band, that shoves it lower.

1725 T. Thomas in Portland Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 123 The bread..was shoved along the table on platters.

1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 357 Lest when he Runs in his Second Pull, the Face of the Plattin rub upon the Tympan, and shoves the sheet upon the Face of the Letter.

c1826 C. Lamb Wedding in Elia 2nd Ser. He did not once shove up his borrowed locks.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. ii. vii. 193 A sheet of blank paper is placed upon a frame, and shoved forwards.

1902 V. Jacob Sheep-stealers xv He shoved the paper away impatiently.

†b. To put surreptitiously or improperly: const. in, on, under, out of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > surreptitiously or improperly

shovec1374

shuffle1628

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > accomplish clandestinely [verb (transitive)] > convey

shovec1374

steala1400

smuggle1783

slive1821

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1026 Folk now..wolde a busshel venym al excusen For þat o greyn of loue is on it shoue.

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy 2876 Doubilnes so sliȝly was in schoue, As þouȝ he hadde sothly ben allied With trewe menyng.

1534 G. Joye Subuersion Moris False Found. (title page) He sweteth to set faste and shoue vnder his shameles shoris, to vnderproppe the popis chirche.

1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (i. 6) 93 He setteth himselfe in all ages to shoue in, and hold in the Ministerie such persons as..are too base for the dunghil.

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 35 Which conceit of the man cleanly shoves the King out of the Parlament.

1773 J. Berridge Christian World Unmasked 24 To shorten man's duty..by shoving a commandment out of Moses's tables.

c. (Chiefly colloquial) To put or thrust (carelessly or hastily) into a place or receptacle; also to thrust aside, away.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > forcibly, firmly, or quickly

thudc1000

throwa1250

pilt?c1250

casta1300

pusha1350

hurla1375

paltc1390

thrusta1400

thack1542

clap1559

to throw on1560

planch1575

protrude1638

shove1807

bung1825

shoot1833

slap1836

plunk1866

slam1870

spank1880

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > carelessly or hastily

shuffle1628

shove1807

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > aside

shouldera1400

to bear off1627

shunt1706

elbow1712

horn1851

breast1853

shove1861

1807 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. III. 10 This power, which you possess, of shoving aside all disagreeable reflections..which saves you from some present pain, has..interwoven into your nature habits of procrastination.

1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. v. 126 Dick Middlemas, on his appearance, shoved into his bosom a small packet.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. iv. 60 All the characteristics are shoved away into the background.

a1864 N. Hawthorne Septimius Felton (1872) 100 My meditations are perhaps of a little too much importance to be shoved aside.

1911 R. R. Marett Anthropol. vi. 156 You need never allow yourselves to be shoved away into such an inhospitable region.

d. To push out of a position, away, by gradual encroachment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > by gradual encroachment

shove1629

1629 Leather 11 As darknesse shoues away Light.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 389 Whoever bears this reflection in mind, will not..be so apt..to complain of seeing the rising generation grow up to shove them out of the world.

1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 271 The gash vein..is frequently crossed and intersected by whin dykes or bars of hard stone, which generally shoves it a little to one side, off the true line of bearing.

1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. III. 312 The Wit gradually shoved the Antiquary off the end of the bench.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xvi. §711 The land-wind..shoves away the calms which preceded it from the hills to the coast.

1870 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1877) iii. 54 The most visibly flourishing and busy department shoves the others out of sight.

e. To put or place. (In colloquial and casual use without notion of effort.) Also with up, down.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)]

doeOE

layc950

seta1000

puta1225

dight1297

pilt?a1300

stow1362

stick1372

bestowc1374

affichea1382

posec1385

couchc1386

dressa1387

assize1393

yarkc1400

sita1425

place1442

colloque1490

siegea1500

stake1513

win1515

plat1529

collocate1548

campc1550

posit1645

posture1645

constitute1652

impose1681

sist1852

shove1902

spot1937

1902 P. G. Wodehouse Pothunters v. 93 You might shove up the list to-night.

1904 W. H. Smith Promoters vii. 123 You want to have your paper all ready to shove [= push on the market].

1912 C. Mathewson Pitching in Pinch v. 109 Mowrey shoved a long fly to right field, which soared away toward the stand.

1927 W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 23 At Dulwich..we plunked things down, we shoved down notes or we shoved up lists.

1938 N. Streatfeild Circus is Coming vi. 76 He threw an envelope across to Santa. ‘Shove yours to Mr Stibbings in there, and lick it up.’

1974 A. Fowles Pastime ii. 12 Shove your coat on the chair.

5. absol. and intransitive.

a. To push, to apply force against an object in order to move it from its position.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (intransitive)] > push

shovea900

thrustc1275

possc1300

push1527

a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 13 Dec. 218 Sume scufon, sume tugon..and seo godes fæmne hwæðre stod.

c1290 St. Lucy 109 in S. Eng. Leg. 104 Huy schoue and drowe al þat huy miȝhte ake huy ne miȝhten hire anne fote i-winne.

?c1366 Romaunt Rose 534 Ful long I shof, and knokkide eke,..Til that dore of thilk entre A mayden curteys openyde me.

a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 5889 The kynges oost..broughtten gynnes to the walle, Houen, shouen, and drowen alle.

c1425 Seven Sages (P.) 1411 At hys dore he wolde inne, And hit was stoken with a pyne. He schof ther-onne.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiii. 199 He hitte Agrauayn with his spere so sore that it preced two folde thurgh his haubreke, and therto he shof ther-on so harde that Agravayn fill to the erthe.

b. to shove at: to push against (an object) in order to displace or overthrow; †figurative to apply one's energies to (a task); also, to make an attack on, try to overthrow (a person). (Also in indirect passive.) †to shove at the cart (fig.): to lend a helping hand (also ironical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)]

help?c1225

to shove at the cart1421

supply1446

assist?1518

to lend a hand (or a helping hand)1598

to hold handc1600

to put to one's hand (also hands)1603

seconda1609

subminister1611

to give (lend) a lift1622

to lay (a) hand1634

to give a hand1682

to bear a hand1710

to chip in1872

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] > apply oneself to vigorously

to stand to ——?a1400

to shove at1542

to fall upon ——1617

to work awaya1635

to fall aboard1642

to fall on ——1650

to go at ——1675

to pitch into ——1823

to lay into1880

to be (also go) at the ——1898

to sail in1936

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > take hostile measures against

riseOE

raisec1384

heave at1546

to shove at1577

endeavour?1589

to give a lift at1622

attempt1749

to rise upon1816

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > push at in order to move

thrust1535

to go to shoulder with1551

to shove at1607

1421–2 T. Hoccleve Dialog 617 Now, good freend shoue at the cart, I yow preye.

1471 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 441 Iff ye be cleer owt off Doctore Aleyn danger, kepe yow ther and here-afftre ye maye schoffe as well at hys carte.

1542 W. Paget in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VIII. 705 Lay your heddes all three to gidre, and shove at this treatye, that it may take effect.

1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande vi. f. 22/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I This Erle now liuyng, as his Auncesters before him, haue bene shrewdly shooued at by his euill willers, saying that [etc.].

1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. i. sig. A2^v Tis a maruaile thourt not turnd out yet! Hip. Faith I haue beene shooud at.

1639 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs Psalm lxii. 4 Ye shall be a bowed wall, as a fence that is shooved at.

†c. of inanimate agencies. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) App. A. 14 Whar so hit bifalleþ þat þe erþe is so fast Þat þe wynd ne passez he schouueþ & þrast Þat al þe erþe quakiȝeþ.

†6.

a. intransitive. To push one's way forward or onward, to press on. Chiefly with adverb, on, along, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > forcibly

shovec888

thrustc1330

crowda1415

throngc1440

thrumble?a1513

to shoulder one's way1581

to make one's way1589

bear1594

push1602

jostle1622

force1653

way1694

squeeze1704

to push one's way1716

thrutchc1837

barge1888

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency

shovec888

thringc893

thresta1225

wina1300

thrustc1330

pressa1375

throngc1440

wrestc1450

thrimp1513

to put forward1529

intrude1562

breast1581

shoulder1581

haggle1582

strivea1586

wrestle1591

to push on (also along)1602

elabour1606

contend1609

to put on?1611

struggle1686

worry1702

crush1755

squeege1783

battle1797

scrouge1798

sweat1856

flounder1861

pull?1863

tank1939

bulldozer1952

terrier1959

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. Met. xiii. (1895) 298 Swa deð eac sio sunne þonne hio on sige weorþeð..merecondel scyfð on ofdæle.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 487 He shof ay on, he to and fro was sent.

1520–30 Cornysh in Anglia XII. 238 The dere shoffe on the mede.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11804 An Erne..Braid vp the bowels, & bere hom away, And showvet to the shippes of the shene grekes.

1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. K.ii They..forwarde shoue.

1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ix. 152 To supper let vs get vs nowe, sith night so farre on shoues.

1722 P. Dudley in Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) 31 167 A Moose..shoves along side-ways.

†b. To make an attack with violence, to make a charge or onset. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [verb (intransitive)]

to-resea1225

reamc1275

shovec1400

frontc1540

chargea1616

storm1632

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1454 Schalkeȝ to schote at hym schowen to þenne.

1415 T. Hoccleve To Knights Garter 36 In honour of his name Shoue on & putte his foos to the outraunce!

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur v. viii. 173 Thenne the batails approuched and shoue and showted on bothe sydes.

†c. to shove down: to fall with force. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > with force or violence

dump1333

swapc1386

to shove downc1400

squat1587

to go down1697

spank1800

thwacka1851

to beat down1860

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > push or pull down

to-hieldc1275

to bear downc1330

to shove downc1400

rivea1425

reach1483

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2083 Schyre schaterande on schoreȝ, þer þay doun schowued.

†d. to shove and heave: to move tumultuously.The verbs were commonly coupled also in other uses: see, e.g., quot. c1275, quot. a1400 at sense 5a, quot. 1449 at α. forms; and cf. quot. 1581 at shove n.¹ 1a and quot. 1569 at shoving n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > move about in confusion or disorder

jumblea1529

fluster1613

to shove and heave1638

1638 W. Lisle tr. Heliodorus Hist. vii. 101 Diuers passions in her shoue and heaue.

1680 T. Otway Orphan iii. 31 Thy little breasts, with soft Compassion swell'd, Shove up and down, and heave like dying Birds.

e. transferred. To protrude, project. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]

tootc897

shootc1000

to come outOE

abuta1250

to stand outc1330

steek?c1335

risea1398

jutty14..

proferc1400

strutc1405

to stick upa1500

issuec1515

butt1523

to stick outc1540

jut1565

to run out1565

jet1593

gag1599

poke1599

proke1600

boke1601

prosiliate1601

relish1611

shoulder1611

to stand offa1616

protrude1704

push1710

projecta1712

protend1726

outstand1755

shove1850

outjut1851

extrude1852

bracket1855

to corbel out1861

to set out1892

pier1951

1850 G. Cupples Green Hand vii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 85/2 The huge sharp green notched aloe-leaves and fern shoving here and there out of it [the water].

a. To push about or jostle in a crowd; to make one's way by jostling or elbowing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push > jostle

shovec1290

hurla1425

thrumble?a1513

jostle1546

push1735

birze1793

thrutchc1837

be-elbow1847

c1290 Beket 2217 in S. Eng. Leg. 170 Faste heo [wormes] schouen and cropen al-so ase ametene al a-boute.

c1320 Sir Beues 1407 So fast hii gonne aboute him scheue, As don ben aboute þe heue.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2161 Thenne gyrdeȝ he to Gryngolet & gedereȝ þe rake, Schowuez [MS reads Schowueȝ] in bi a schore at a schaȝe syde.

c1403 J. Lydgate Temple Glas 534 Gret pres of folk,..To croude and shove—the tempil was so ful.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/1 It is no good maner to shove in a dores a this facyon.

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. xxxvi. 55 An hundred shapes that through flit ayers stray, Shove boldly in.

1714 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. c24 Sept. (1965) I. 226 There's a little door to get in, and a great Croud without, shoveing and thrusting who shall be foremost.

1849 G. Cupples Green Hand (1856) xiii. 127 Her want of actual headway making the Indiaman sag dead away to leeward, as she shoved into the force of the sea-stream.

1897 E. L. Voynich Gadfly (1904) 60/2 The crowd of holiday masqueraders, laughing and shoving.

b. reflexive. With adverb or phrase: To make one's way by shoving.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (reflexive)] > forcibly

shove1490

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxiv. 515 Reynaude..shoved himself among the thickest.

1694 tr. F. Martens Voy. Spitzbergen 105 in Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. They shove themselves along just like an Eel.

1842 S. Lover Handy Andy viii Biddy..had shoved herself well before the door.

8. transitive. To push (a person) with one's body or elbows; to knock against, jostle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push to > jostle

thrusta1400

thrusta1425

shove1530

jostle1575

jundy1786

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/1 I shove one, I pusshe hym, je pousse. I pray the, shove nat whyle I am writyng.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 15 Sept. (1974) VIII. 437 I did step back and clapped my breech to our pew-door, that she might be forced to shove me to come in.

1809 M. Edgeworth Madame de Fleury i, in Tales Fashionable Life II. 168 I shoved Victoire, and she pushed at me again.

1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. iii. 67 Laughing and shoving each other about.

†9. To prop up. Obsolete. rare. (The reading is doubtful.)

ΚΠ

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xix. 20 Hit hadde shoriers to shoue [MS. I. schyuyn; MS. T. schyue; MS. G. schule] hit vp.

10. slang.

a. To pass (counterfeit money); also to shove (the) queer. Now Obsolete or rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > put into circulation [verb (transitive)] > pass counterfeits

to give (one) the slip1567

output1576

to nail up for a slip1594

spring1686

smash1801

shove1859

drop1938

1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 79 Shove queer, pass counterfeit money.

1859 [implied in: National Police Gaz. (U.S.) 14 May 4/3 A ‘shover’ named Flynn,..obtained a quantity of ‘queer’ and went with it to Mrs. Beemer's house and left it on her table. (at shover n.¹ b)].

1873 G. W. Perrie Buckskin Mose ii. 36 If I had been detected in ‘shoving the queer’,..they wouldn't have cared one red cent.

1885 Leland Brand-new Ballads (ed. 2) 35 The one [note] I shoved was never worth a continental dam.

1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear ii. ii. 189 This man Pinto helped me to shove the queer... It means to pass the dollars out into circulation.

†b. to shove the tumbler (see quot. 1699). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Shove the Tumbler, to be Whipt at the Cart's Tail.

†c. to shove the moon (see quot. 1809). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > inhabit type of place [verb (intransitive)] > inhabit house > move house > by night to avoid paying rent

to shove the moon1809

to shoot (also bolt, shove) the moon1812

to shoot the moon1836

moonlight1903

1809 G. Andrewes Dict. Slang & Cant Langs. Shoving the moon, to steal your goods away without paying the rent.

Categories »

d. intransitive (U.S.) To set out for home.

e. to shove it: to depart; to desist from a course of action. Usually in imperative, as an expression of contemptuous dismissal. Cf. stick v.¹ 11d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > leave off! or stop it!

to do waya1325

stay1601

go and eat coke1669

to leave off1785

whoa1838

drop it!1843

cut1859

turn it up1867

to come off ——1896

to chuck it1901

knock it off!1902

cut it out1903

nix1903

break it down1941

to shove it1941

leave it out!1969

1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 71 Stick it!, a contemptuous ejaculation. Also, ‘shove it!’.

1956 ‘B. Holiday’ & W. Dufty Lady sings Blues viii. 96 It wasn't long after I left that he told them to shove it like I had.

1973 J. Wainwright Devil you Don't 18 ‘What say we pick one?’.. McGuire said: ‘Shove it. It's not why we're here.’

1978 L. Stewart Same Time, Next Year (1979) xiii. 145 If he doesn't like it he can shove it, but don't worry—he won't.

11. intransitive (Canadian.) Of river-ice: To move forward so as to become more compact. Cf. shove n.¹ 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [verb (intransitive)] > move forward and become compact (of river-ice)

shove1836

1836 Montreal Transcript 29 Dec. 2/2 About one it [sc. the ice] shoved for the second time, when it remained stationary till dark.

1878 Boyd in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms When the St. Lawrence at Montreal has frozen over, it is not safe to cross it until the ice has shoved.

Compounds

shove-halfpenny n. (also shove-ha'penny) a game similar to shovel-board.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > shovelboard, etc. > [noun]

shove-groat1488

slip-groat1521

shove-board1522

shovel-board1532

slide-thrift1541

slide-groat1552

slip-thrift1579

shovel-board play1691

shovel-groat1825

shove-halfpenny1841

push-halfpenny1844

push-penny1856

shovel-penny1887

1841 Punch 27 Nov. 232/2 The favourite game of shove-halfpenny was kept up till a late hour.

1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life I. 50 The aristocratic and bewitching game of shove-halfpenny.

1915 T. Burke Nights in Town 126 She shot knife, fork, and spoon across the table with a neat shove-ha'p'ny stroke.

1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 5 Moving from bar to shove ha'penny table.

1969 Listener 20 Mar. 381/3 The Camley Arms sounded such a nice pub, with piano on most nights and darts and shove-ha'penny in the public bar.

† shove-pike n. [pike n.⁴ 1] Obsolete ? a weapon used in fighting at close quarters.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > pike > [noun] > other pikes

fire pike1483

morris-pike1487

fire pike?a1549

rancon?a1549

Swedish feather1652

shove-pike1764

thrusting-pike1856

1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 12 We could get you a shove-pike.

† shove-up adj. Obsolete in shove-up socket, a contrivance forming part of a candlestick and designed to allow a candle to be burnt out to the end.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candlestick > save-all

prolonger1650

save-all1655

shove-up socket1751

1751 S. Richardson Corr. (1804) VI. 118 Her farthing candle blinking in its shove-up socket.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	shove
释义	shoven.¹ Brit. /ʃʌv/, U.S. /ʃəv/ Forms: α. northernMiddle English scou, Middle English chou, Middle English–1500s schow; β. Middle English shoffe, 1500s shuffe, 1500s– shove. Etymology: < shove v.¹ 1. a. An act of shoving; a strong thrust or push to move a body away from the agent. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pushing > an act of shovea1400 push1692 thrust1823 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12033 Wit scholdur gaf he him a scou [Gött. chou]. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 700 As he gat ben throw, He gat mony greit schow. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ii. 21 They labor stil with heaue and shoue. 1762 in T. Mortimer Every Man his own Broker (ed. 5) 93 (note) An united shove commences, by which others, as well as I, have measured their length in a very dirty place. 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 9 But Mr. Thingumbob, the prompter man, Gave with his hand my chaise a shove. 1871 G. Meredith Harry Richmond I. v. 80 Mr. Rippenger added a spurning shove on my shoulder to his recommendation. b. figurative. In various uses: An impulse given to make a person or thing move or act more quickly; a ‘push’ or exertion of influence to get a person through a difficulty or further him in his career; in schoolboy phrase, a hint or prompting to one who is backward with an answer. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation > that which incites or instigates prickleOE pritchOE alighting1340 brodc1375 bellowsc1386 pricka1387 motivec1390 prompting1402 preparativec1450 stirmentc1460 incentive?a1475 fomenta1500 farda1522 instigation1526 pointing1533 swinge1548 spur1551 whetstone1551 goad1567 promptitude1578 alarm1587 inducement1593 solicitor1594 incitement1596 inflammation1597 instance1597 excitement1604 moving spirit1604 heart-blood1606 inflamer1609 rouser1611 stimulator1614 motioner1616 incensivea1618 incitative1620 incitation1622 whettera1625 impulsivea1628 excitation1628 incendiary1628 dispositive1629 fomentationa1631 switch1630 stirrer1632 irritament1634 provocative1638 impetus1641 driving force1642 driving power1642 engagement1642 firer1653 propellant1654 fomentary1657 impulse1660 urgency1664 impeller1686 fillip1699 shove1724 incitive1736 stimulative1747 bonus1787 stimulus1791 impellent1793 stimulant1794 propulsion1800 instigant1833 propulsive1834 motive power1836 evoker1845 motivity1857 afflatus1865 flip1881 urge1882 agent provocateur1888 will to power1896 a shot in the arm1922 motivator1929 driver1971 co-driver1993 society > authority > power > influence > [noun] > the exercise of > to promote a person's advancement push1655 shove1724 society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > [noun] feelc1485 inkling1529 intimation1531 insinuation1532 by-warning1542 byword1542 item1561 cue1565 air1567 vent1613 insusurration1614 hinta1616 injection1622 indication1626 infusion1641 side glance1693 ground bass1699 touch1706 side view1747 sidewipe1757 allusion1766 penumbra1770 breath1795 slyness1823 by-hint1853 light1854 shove1857 suggestion1863 sous-entendu1865 point1870 sidewiper1870 sniff1936 1724 E. Calamy Howe's Wks. I. Life 7 Sir, said he [Fuller to Howe],..I am a pretty corpulent Man, and I am to go thro a Passage that is very strait, I beg you would be so kind as to give me a shove, and help me thro. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 210 With all the tricks That idleness has ever yet contriv'd..To..give time a shove. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. viii. 178 Whose parsing and construing resisted the most well-meant shoves. 1873 R. Broughton Nancy vi It would be such a fine thing for all the family: I could give all the boys such a shove. c. (See quot.) ΚΠ 1891 H. G. Hutchinson Hints on Golf (ed. 6) 32 If the ball lie fairly and be truly struck, there is no fear of making a ‘shove’, or foul stroke [in putting]. †2. An onset, attack. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] fiend-reseOE frumresec1275 assault1297 sault1297 inracea1300 sailing13.. venuea1330 checkc1330 braid1340 affrayc1380 outrunningc1384 resinga1387 wara1387 riota1393 assailc1400 assayc1400 onset1423 rake?a1425 pursuitc1425 assemblinga1450 brunta1450 oncominga1450 assembly1487 envaya1500 oncomea1500 shovea1500 front1523 scry1523 attemptate1524 assaulting1548 push1565 brash1573 attempt1584 affront?1587 pulse1587 affret1590 saliaunce1590 invasion1591 assailment1592 insultation1596 aggressa1611 onslaught1613 source1616 confronta1626 impulsion1631 tentative1632 essaya1641 infall1645 attack1655 stroke1698 insult1710 coup de main1759 onfall1837 hurrah1841 beat-up of quarters1870 offensive1887 strafe1915 grand slam1916 hop-over1918 run1941 strike1942 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 219 Thei threwe down CCC at the firste shoffe in theire comynge. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 1974 in Poems (1981) 76 Thow can..mak ane suddand schow vpon ane scheip. †3. all at a shove: by a single act. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adverb] on (or in) one sitheeOE togethersc1175 togetherc1200 at once?c1225 at one shiftc1325 jointly1362 at one strokec1374 with that ilkec1390 at one shipea1400 withc1440 at a timec1485 at (in) one (an) instant1509 all at a shove1555 pari passu1567 in (also at, with) one breath1590 in that ilkec1590 with the same1603 in one1616 concurrently1648 concurringly1650 contemporarily1669 simultaneously1675 synchronistically1684 coevallya1711 in (also with) the same breath1721 synchronically1749 at a slap1753 synchronously1793 contemporaneously1794 coinstantaneously1807 coetaneouslya1817 consentaneously1817 at one or a sweep1834 coincidentally1837 at the very nonce1855 one time1873 coincidently1875 in parallel1969 real time1993 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. v. 51 Their maner of ordres, is not to make seuerally, for euery Goddesse and God, a seuerall priest, but al at a shuffe, in generall for all. 4. slang. a. a shove in the mouth: a drink. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > [noun] > a drink or draught shenchc950 drinkc1000 draughtc1200 beveragec1390 napa1450 potation1479–81 potionc1484 slaker?1518 glut1541 pocill1572 adipson1601 go-down1614 slash1614 gulf1674 libation1751 meridian1771 sinda1774 sling1788 mahogany1791 a shove in the mouth1821 nooner1836 quencher1841 refresh1851 slackener1861 squencher1871 refreshener1888 refresher1922 maiden's blush1941 maiden's water1975 1821 P. Egan Life in London ii. iii. 228 I vish'd to be a little nutty upon Dirty Suke..so I gov'd her ‘a shove in the mouth’. b. the shove: dismissal from employment. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > dismissal or discharge discharginga1398 discharge1523 quietus est1530 conduction1538 cassing1550 remove1553 destitution1554 mittimus1596 dismissionc1600 quietus1635 removal1645 cashierment1656 separation1779 dismissing1799 dismissala1806 to give (a person) the sack1825 bullet1841 congee1847 decapitation1869 G.B.1880 the shove1899 spear1912 bob-tail1915 severance1941 sacking1958 termination1974 1899 R. Whiteing No. 5 John St. x Did you get the shove to-day? 1899 R. Whiteing No. 5 John St. xxi If it warn't ready, he give the shove to the 'ole shoot. 5. Canadian. A forward movement of packed and piled ice in a thawing river. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > ice-field or pack-ice > forward movement in river shove1865 1865 F. Parkman Champlain xi, in Pioneers of France in New World 334 He built a wall of bricks..in order to measure the destructive effects of the ‘ice-shove’ in the spring. 1890 Montreal Witness 19 Mar. 8/2 The shove may be expected every day. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shoven.² Brit. /ʃʌv/, U.S. /ʃəv/ Etymology: apparently a corruption of shiv, shive n.², perhaps assimilated to shove n.¹ The woody core of flax or hemp. Also, a fragment of the stems of flax or hemp broken off when ‘scutching’. Cf. sheave n.², shive n.², show n.² ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > stalk or core of hemp or flax plant bunc1400 boona1425 stalk1577 shove1688 sheave1797 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > flax, hemp, or jute > fragment broken off when scutching shove1688 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > core of shove1855 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 285/2 Both Flax and Hemp are first broken from the strong Stalks into large Shoves or Shivers. 1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 164 They scutch it to separate the heart or the shoves from the rest. 1855 J. F. Royle Fibrous Plants India 129 A layer of wood-like matter, which in some plants is called boon, or shove. 1910 Encycl. Brit. X. 486/1 When it is found that the fibre [of flax] separates readily from the woody ‘shove’ or core. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shovev.¹ Brit. /ʃʌv/, U.S. /ʃəv/ Inflections: Past tense and participle shoved /ʃʌvd/; Forms: 1. Present stem. α. Old English sceúfan, Old English scúfan, Middle English schoffe, Middle English schouve, Middle English schove, Middle English schowe, Middle English schowf, Middle English schowve, Middle English schowwyn, Middle English schuven, Middle English scuven, Middle English shouwe, Middle English showe, Middle English showve, Middle English shufe, Middle English suuen, Middle English xowyn, Middle English–1600s shuff, Middle English– shove, 1500s schow, 1500s sowe, 1600s shoove; also 3rd singular indicative Old English scífð, Old English scúfeð, Old English scúfið, Old English scýft, Old English scýfð. OE¹Scufan [see sense 1a]. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxiv. 137 Præcipito ic sceufe.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 233 Schuueð. hit ut. c1275 [see sense 2a]. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 17396 Suueþ and hebbeþ mid al ȝoure strengþe.a1300 E.E. Psalter lxi. 5 Mi worth þai thoght to schouue awai.c1320 Beues 2592 Whan þe beschop him scholde in schoue. c1403 [see sense 7a]. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 58 Leueful is with force, force of showue.c1440 York Myst. xxxvi. 297 In Jesu side schoffe it þis tyde.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 105/1 Showen [later v.rr. xowyn, shoue], impello.1449 Rolls of Parl. V. 152/1 Hevyng and shuffyng of her Chaffare out and home.?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 43 He schowis on [a1586 chowis] me his schewill mouth.1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iii. 93 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian To shoove it down. β. Old English scéofan, Middle English scheve, Middle English schyve, Middle English seve. See also sheave v.²c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxviii. 171 Trudo, ic sceofe. c1275 [see ]. c1320 [see sense 7a]. c1440 Wyclif's Bible, Judges xvi. 19 To caste [MS. I., schyue] hym awei. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. (i). Originally 1st and 3rd singular Old English scéaf, Middle English scæf, Middle English scef, Middle English schef, Middle English schof, Middle English schofe, Middle English schove, Middle English sef, Middle English sheef, Middle English shoef, Middle English shof, Middle English shofe, Middle English shoff, Middle English shoif, Middle English shoof, Middle English shoofe, Middle English shoove, Middle English shyf, 1500s schew. 993 Batt. Maldon (Gr.) 136 He sceaf þa mid þam scylde.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4672 He þa scipen vt scæf [c1300 Otho sef]. c1275 [see sense 1c]. c1290 St. Brendan 412 in S. Eng. Leg. 231 After heore schip so swyþe he schef [v.rr. scef, schof, showved]. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 871 Hauelok shof dun nyne or ten.c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 154 Til African my gyde Me hente and shofe [v.rr. shof, shoff, schofe, shoofe, shoif] yn at the gatys wyde.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiii. ix. 624 Syr Bagdemagus..sheef hym thorou the ryght sholder.1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 90 How I shoef and stack.a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 67/31 The bischope..schew out his toung. (ii). Plural Old English sceufon, Old English scufun, Old English–Middle English -sceofon, Old English–Middle English scufon, Middle English schoven, Middle English schowen, Middle English scufen, Middle English scuven, Middle English shoven, Middle English soven, Middle English ssove, Middle English suuen. OE Beowulf 215 Guman ut scufon..wudu bundenne.OE Beowulf 3131 Dracan ec scufun, wyrm ofer weallclif.c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 29 Hig arison & scufon [1160 Hatton Gosp. scufen] hine of ðære ceastre.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10441 He scufen [c1300 Otho souen] from þan stronde scipen.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3919 Heo scuuen [c1300 Otho souen] ut heore lof.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3103 Hii..uaste ssone [v.r. schofe] & drowe. b. Weak Middle English schovede, Middle English schuft, Middle English schufte, Middle English shofed, Middle English showed, Middle English showved, Middle English showvyt, Middle English shufte, Middle English– shoved, 1500s shoffed. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3290 & schuft his scheld on is schulder.c1440 Alphabet of Tales 144 He showed hym oute att þe dure.c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 1578 Floripe..shofed hire oute in to the flode. 3. Past participle. a. Strong Old English sceofen, Old English -scoben, Old English scofen, Old English -scyfen (northern), Middle English i-schuven, Middle English i-scoven, Middle English schove, Middle English schoven, Middle English shove, Middle English y-schove, Middle English y-shove, Middle English– shoven. OE Beowulf 918 Ða wæs morgenleoht scofen ond scynded.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 129 Heo weren iscouen.c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 162 Hit is..iþe schrift ischuuen ut.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 107 Watres ben her ðer-under suuen.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 726 Thus by report was hir name I~shoue [v.rr. y-shove, yshoue, y-schoue, shoue].1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 202 He..Was schoven out of his empire.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. vii. 699 The shyp was anone shouen in the see.1764 Oxf. Sausage 197 Here..The mouldy old Crust, Of Nell Batchelor lately was shoven.1829 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. 2nd Ser. I. xiv. 452 To be thrust and shoven. b. Weak Middle English schowid, Middle English schowved, Middle English schufte, Middle English shufte, Middle English shuftyd, Middle English–1500s shuffed, 1500s shoved, 1600s shooved. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum viii. xliii. (Tollemache MS.) A lyȝt beme is broke oþer schufte [1582 shuft] aside.a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4759 He wald haue schowid on þat schene.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 44 He schulde be..harde þer~oute schowued.c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. xliv. 115 Þei ben shuftyd [v.r. shuffed] from oon to a noþer.1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 1226/1 They shal bee pushed and shoued in by vyolence. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A Common Germanic (originally strong) verb: Old English scúfan (scéaf , scufon , scofen ) corresponds to Old Frisian skûva (North Frisian sküüw , skōw , West Frisian skouwe ), Middle Dutch schûven (modern Dutch schuiven ), Middle Low German schûven (modern Low German schuven ), Old High German sciuban (Middle High German, modern German schieben , early modern German also schauben ), Gothic (af)skiuban ; also with weak conjugation, Old Norse skúfa , more commonly skýfa ; < Germanic root skeuƀ- : skauƀ-: skūƀ-. As there are traces of a variant with f instead of ƀ (see shovel n.), the pre-Germanic form is probably skeup-.The Gothic and High German forms have the normal grade (eu ) of the present-stem; the other forms have an ‘aorist-present’ with ū as the root-vowel. The occasional Old English scéofan is generally regarded not as a descendant of Germanic skeuƀ- , but as a late West Saxon phonetic development < scúfan* ; another possibility is that it resulted from the analogy of other verbs of the same conjugation; that it had a falling diphthong seems clear from its representation in later English. The phonetic development, Old English scúfan , modern English shove /ʃʌv/ may be compared with Old English dúfe , modern English dove /dʌv/. In Scottish and northern dialect the Old English word regularly became in the 14–16th cent. showe , and should be represented in modern Scots by shoo (compare Scottish 14–16th cent. dowe , modern doo , dove), but this has not survived (unless it be in shue v. to swing), being superseded by the English shove. Signification. (Generally equivalent to thrust, push; but now less dignified in use, often suggesting some notion of rough, careless, or hasty action.) 1. a. transitive. To thrust away with violence; to precipitate; to ‘cast’ (into prison, etc.). Obsolete exc. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > violently shoveOE swengea1225 slata1250 sleata1250 dashc1290 thringa1300 hurlc1305 lashc1330 to ding downc1380 rampenc1390 dinga1400 reelc1400 rash1485 flounce1582 squat1658 ram1718 whang1820 slug1862 slam1870 the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > violently > into a place or condition warpc888 shoveOE casta1225 frushc1380 OE Cynewulf Elene 692 Heht þa swa cwicne corðre Iædan, scufan scyldigne (scealcas ne gældon) in drygne seað. OE Beowulf 3131 Dracan ec scufun, wyrm ofer weallclif. c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 471/8 Precipitate, scufað. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1369 By þe legges lifte he þe schrewe þan & schef hur out ech del. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1029 If any schalke to be schent wer schowued þer-inne. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 1226/1 He that gathereth treasures shall be shoued into the grynnes of death. a1568 Bannatyne MS (Hunterian Club) 210 Suthle he will ye schow Vnto the grund. 1844 T. Hood Forge ii. xii All at once he is seized and shoven..Headlong into the blazing oven. †b. to shove out: to force oneself to utter. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > speak with effort or difficulty to shove out?c1225 wringa1350 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 233 Alse schal þe schriueð him. efter þe greate schuuen vt þe smelre. †c. To thrust (a weapon, etc.) into or through a body. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or penetrate (of weapon) [verb (transitive)] > strike with pointed weapon > thrust a pointed weapon putc1275 shovec1275 rivec1330 stickc1390 stub1576 haft1582 uphilt1582 gar1587 embosom1590 emboss1590 flesh1590 imbrue1590 stabc1610 scour1613 c1275 Passion our Lord 499 in Old Eng. Misc. 51 He schef hit myd strenkþe þat to his heorte hit com. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 451 He wrapped a cloþ aboute his hond, and schove it in [to] þe leon his mowþe. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 288 He drew his knyfe & shewid it in his throte & kyllid hym. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella (1591) 6 In verde fielde, Mars bare a golden Speare, Which through a bleeding heart, his point did shoue. 1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Qi Then Aeneas..shoffed his Sworde through hys [sc. Turnus'] Breaste. †d. To reject, banish; to eject from an office or dignity, from a society, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession outshoveOE to do out of ——OE shovec1200 to put out of ——c1225 to cast out1297 void13.. usurpa1325 to put outa1350 outputa1382 outrayc1390 excludea1400 expulse?a1475 expel1490 to shut forth1513 to put forth1526 to turn out1546 depel?1548 disseisin1548 evict1548 exturb1603 debout1619 wincha1626 disseise1627 out-pusha1631 howster1642 oust1656 out1823 purge1825 the bum's rush1910 outplace1928 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 53 He erneð here, þat ure louerd ihesu crist him shendeð and wile shufe fro him a domes dai. a1300 E.E. Psalter cxviii. 10 Fra þine bodes schouue [L. repellas] noght me. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1740 Þe medes schal be maysteres here, & þou of menske schowued. c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 4940 Chesith eke gode men; and awey shoue The wykked. c1421 26 Pol. Poems 111 From worldis worschipe y am shoue. 1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee i. 177 So some hasty man would be heaving and shoving out the wicked from the godly. †e. To impart, communicate.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > impart lendOE common1340 parta1382 conveyc1386 impart1477 give1481 imprint1526 communicate1534 partake1561 impute1594 participate1598 communea1616 stamp1641 shove?a1650 conne1674 ?a1650 W. Bosworth Chast & Lost Lovers (1651) i. 544 Her lips that oft did shove Life to the hearts of those that saw them move. 2. a. To move (a heavy or resisting object) forward by the application of muscular strength from behind; to push along with effort. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > push with effort shovec1275 roodge1676 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8683 Ȝe mote..scuuen [c1300 Otho suueþ] & hebben mid hæȝere strenðe. treon græte & longe. c1290 St. Edward 167 in S. Eng. Leg. 51 Huy schouen it [sc. a horse] faste forthþe-ward and drowen. 1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine v. 1846 Take to thin behoue Thyng that this bocher may not hale ne shoue, Take þou my soule. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 26 He shoof the table from hym. 1760 R. Brown Compl. Farmer: Pt. 2 The breast-plough, which a man shoves before him. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xxiv. 404 He was the first to shove the gangway on to the vessel. 1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xi. 211 With hands and feet for ever against the stone did he [Sisyphus] strain Up o'er the bent to shove it. figurative.1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 5 June in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) v. 287 Their events seem to come in great masses, shoved along by the agency of many. b. To force (a person, etc.) onwards by pushing. Also, to cause to fall over (a cliff, etc.) or out of (a place) by a push. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > push a person shovea1387 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 89 Hunulphus..bete hym with his feest, and schuft [v.rr. schufte, schyf] hym, and putte hym forþ þoruȝ þe myddel of þe citee anon to þe walles. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 27 I..shooue hym forth so ferre, that he fylle doun vpon the floer. 1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) at Manumission The Lorde..therewith shewed [1592 ff. shoued] him forward out of his hands [Fr. & oue ceo il luy mise auant hors de ses maines]. 1780 Ann. Reg. 196 Mr. Gough, turned round, and shoved Atkins over the bannister. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. xi. x. 331 I should stand a very good chance of being shoved by the shoulders out of doors. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. iii. 123 My master shoved the fellow over after he had stabbed him. c. To throw down with a push. ΚΠ 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 165 Part of the bank he schof doun riht. a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 4250 He schof him quycly adoun. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 22 It is their constant practice to shove down with their heads great Trees. †d. Of winds or other natural forces: To drive, propel, impel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > of natural forces shovea1325 throwc1384 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 107 Watres ben her ðer-under suuen. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) ii. pr. i. 32 Þou shalt be shouen not þider þat þou woldest: but whider þat þe wynde shoueþ þe. 14.. tr. Higden App. (Rolls) VII. 525 There come a whirlewynde..and schufte in the body anone to the ynner wal of the chirche. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 573 He knew ful wel how fer Alnath was shoue [v.rr. schoue, y-schoue, yshoue] Fro the heed of thilke fixe Aries aboue. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ii. 66 Like as when whistling Southerne winde..Shoouing the seas before his blast. 1705 J. Addison tr. Claudian in Remarks Italy 168 The Seas..shove the loaden Vessels into Port. †e. figurative. To bring into prominence. Also, to impel, urge forward in a course of action. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > publicize or bring to public notice shovec1385 publish1529 posta1640 publicize1832 eclat1835 promo1960 flack1975 the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge on or incite tar ona900 wheta1000 eggc1200 spura1225 aprick1297 ertc1325 sharpa1340 abaita1470 sharpen1483 to set (a person) forth1488 to set forth1553 egg1566 hound1571 shove?1571 edge1575 strain1581 spur1582 spurn1583 hag1587 edge1600 hist1604 switch1648 string1881 haik1892 goose1934 c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1381 If that I live, thy name shal be shove In English, that thy sleighte shal be knowe! ?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. Gij Causes..sic as are able to shooue forwart and to push hedlang a hart for outrage nat able to gouerne it selfe. f. To urge (a horse) to a leap. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > urge on > in specific way gee-up1752 flog1841 shove1869 knee1924 1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ The O.V.H. xii He shoved his horse at the rail. 3. a. spec. To propel (a boat or other vessel) either by pushing at the stern or with a pole worked from the inside. Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > pole or punt shove1513 conta1687 set1705 punt1759 pole1769 kent1820 poy1834 shaft1869 quant1870 prick1891 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. v. 15 Hymself the cobil did with his bolm furth schow. 1649 J. Ogilby tr. Virgil Æneis (1684) v. 222 Old Portunus with his mighty Hand Shov'd him along. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. viii. 136 The Sea-men towed, and I shoved. 1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXII Set, a term used for a pole or shaft, used to shove boats along a canal, &c. 1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. ix. 108 I shoved on shore. b. With out, off, or const. from. (a) transitive. To launch (a boat) by means of a steady push applied at the stern. (b) absol. To push one's vessel away from the bank. Also transferred of the boat. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > be launched [verb (intransitive)] > push away from shore shoveOE to push off1726 society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] > push off shoveOE the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] shoveOE to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1154 favour1362 abetc1380 sustainc1390 supportc1405 courage1470 comfort1481 friend1550 through-bear1554 countenance1568 foster1569 favourize1585 seconda1586 sidea1601 rally1624 feed1626 countenance1654 encourage1668 inserve1683 to go strong on1822 partake1861 sponsor1884 to hold a brief for1888 root1889 rah-rah1940 affirm1970 babysit1973 barrack- (a) OE Beowulf 215 Guman ut scufon..wudu bundenne. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1048 & gewende þa Godwine eorl & Swegen eorl to Bosenham & scufon ut heora scipu. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10773 Heo wenden þa scipen stronge to sculuen [read scuuen; c1300 Otho seue] from þan londe. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 287 As we endeavoured with strength to shove her off, the vessel overturned. 1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship II. xvii. 108 The boats were shoved off. (b)1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. iv. 95 He and he Inforcis of to schowin the schip to saif.1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xli. iii. 1098 Others shove off from the wharfe.1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xvi. 254 The boat was not ordered to shove off.1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish v. 103 Into the boat he sprang, and in haste shoved off to his vessel. c. intransitive. Of persons: to depart, go away. Const. with adverbs, as off, †out, etc. Cf. push v. 6b colloquial (originally U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE atwendOE awayOE to wend awayOE awendOE gangOE rimeOE flitc1175 to fare forthc1200 depart?c1225 part?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 biwitec1300 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to draw awayc1330 passc1330 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 voidc1374 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 waive1390 to pass out ofa1398 avoida1400 to pass awaya1400 to turn awaya1400 slakec1400 wagc1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 muck1429 packc1450 recede1450 roomc1450 to show (a person) the feetc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 devoidc1485 rebatea1500 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 to go one's ways1530 retire?1543 avaunt1549 to make out1558 trudge1562 vade?1570 fly1581 leave1593 wag1594 to get off1595 to go off1600 to put off1600 shog1600 troop1600 to forsake patch1602 exit1607 hence1614 to give offa1616 to take off1657 to move off1692 to cut (also slip) the painter1699 sheera1704 to go about one's business1749 mizzle1772 to move out1792 transit1797–1803 stump it1803 to run away1809 quit1811 to clear off1816 to clear out1816 nash1819 fuff1822 to make (take) tracks (for)1824 mosey1829 slope1830 to tail out1830 to walk one's chalks1835 to take away1838 shove1844 trot1847 fade1848 evacuate1849 shag1851 to get up and get1854 to pull out1855 to cut (the) cable(s)1859 to light out1859 to pick up1872 to sling one's Daniel or hook1873 to sling (also take) one's hook1874 smoke1893 screw1896 shoot1897 voetsak1897 to tootle off1902 to ship out1908 to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909 to push off1918 to bugger off1922 biff1923 to fuck off1929 to hit, split or take the breeze1931 to jack off1931 to piss offa1935 to do a mick1937 to take a walk1937 to head off1941 to take a hike1944 moulder1945 to chuff off1947 to get lost1947 to shoot through1947 skidoo1949 to sod off1950 peel1951 bug1952 split1954 poop1961 mugger1962 frig1965 society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] to come awayeOE wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE awayOE dealc1000 goOE awendOE rimeOE to go one's wayOE flitc1175 depart?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 to turn awaya1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 recede1450 roomc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 avaunt1549 trudge1562 vade?1570 discoast1571 leave1593 wag1594 to go off1600 troop1600 hence1614 to set on one's foota1616 to pull up one's stumps1647 quit1811 to clear out1816 slope1830 to walk one's chalks1835 shove1844 to roll out1850 to pull out1855 to light out1859 to take a run-out powder1909 to push off (also along)1923 1844 Spirit of Times 24 Aug. 302/2 As we shoved off from Fort P. our boys made the welkin ring, and away we dashed down the Apalachicola. 1856 ‘M. Twain’ Adv. T. J. Snodgrass (1928) 31 I shoved out for the Massasawit House. 1904 ‘O. Henry’ in McClure's Mag. Apr. 612/1 When dark came we fagged 'em a batch of bullets and shoved out the back door for the rocks. 1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 223/1 Shove off (Navy), to quit, go, flee, depart—from shoving off a boat from land or ship. 1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin vii. 105 'Ere, 'arf a mo'!..Don't shove orf. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 563 Well, I'll shove along. 1936 J. Steinbeck In Dubious Battle viii. 133 Them deputies knew we was goin' to shove off before daylight. 1956 P. Scott Male Child iii. ii. 206 I wouldn't dream of telling you to shove off. You're there by Alan's invitation. 1979 D. Anthony Long Hard Cure xiv. 113 My, look at the hour. I'd better shove off. d. Similarly without adverb. ΚΠ 1866 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. from Hawaii (1967) 43 I then took what small change he had and ‘shoved’. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xl. 343 We just unfurled our heels and shoved. 1944 Sat. Evening Post 9 Dec. 82/3 Well, I guess I'll shove. Good-by. 1954 C. Williams Touch of Death vii. 61 I'm going to shove. I can get away. 1975 N. Freeling What are Bugles blowing For? iv. 17 I have to ferry you down to the office... Let's shove, shall we? 4. a. Without the notion of difficulty. To push (something) so as to make it slide along a surface or in a groove or channel; also to move up or down by pushing. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > push without effort or violence shove1633 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. xxvi. 53 Six bands are set to stirre the moving tower: The first the proud band call'd, that lifts it higher; The next the humble band, that shoves it lower. 1725 T. Thomas in Portland Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 123 The bread..was shoved along the table on platters. 1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 357 Lest when he Runs in his Second Pull, the Face of the Plattin rub upon the Tympan, and shoves the sheet upon the Face of the Letter. c1826 C. Lamb Wedding in Elia 2nd Ser. He did not once shove up his borrowed locks. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. ii. vii. 193 A sheet of blank paper is placed upon a frame, and shoved forwards. 1902 V. Jacob Sheep-stealers xv He shoved the paper away impatiently. †b. To put surreptitiously or improperly: const. in, on, under, out of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > surreptitiously or improperly shovec1374 shuffle1628 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > accomplish clandestinely [verb (transitive)] > convey shovec1374 steala1400 smuggle1783 slive1821 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1026 Folk now..wolde a busshel venym al excusen For þat o greyn of loue is on it shoue. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy 2876 Doubilnes so sliȝly was in schoue, As þouȝ he hadde sothly ben allied With trewe menyng. 1534 G. Joye Subuersion Moris False Found. (title page) He sweteth to set faste and shoue vnder his shameles shoris, to vnderproppe the popis chirche. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (i. 6) 93 He setteth himselfe in all ages to shoue in, and hold in the Ministerie such persons as..are too base for the dunghil. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 35 Which conceit of the man cleanly shoves the King out of the Parlament. 1773 J. Berridge Christian World Unmasked 24 To shorten man's duty..by shoving a commandment out of Moses's tables. c. (Chiefly colloquial) To put or thrust (carelessly or hastily) into a place or receptacle; also to thrust aside, away. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > forcibly, firmly, or quickly thudc1000 throwa1250 pilt?c1250 casta1300 pusha1350 hurla1375 paltc1390 thrusta1400 thack1542 clap1559 to throw on1560 planch1575 protrude1638 shove1807 bung1825 shoot1833 slap1836 plunk1866 slam1870 spank1880 the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > carelessly or hastily shuffle1628 shove1807 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > aside shouldera1400 to bear off1627 shunt1706 elbow1712 horn1851 breast1853 shove1861 1807 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. III. 10 This power, which you possess, of shoving aside all disagreeable reflections..which saves you from some present pain, has..interwoven into your nature habits of procrastination. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. v. 126 Dick Middlemas, on his appearance, shoved into his bosom a small packet. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. iv. 60 All the characteristics are shoved away into the background. a1864 N. Hawthorne Septimius Felton (1872) 100 My meditations are perhaps of a little too much importance to be shoved aside. 1911 R. R. Marett Anthropol. vi. 156 You need never allow yourselves to be shoved away into such an inhospitable region. d. To push out of a position, away, by gradual encroachment. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > by gradual encroachment shove1629 1629 Leather 11 As darknesse shoues away Light. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 389 Whoever bears this reflection in mind, will not..be so apt..to complain of seeing the rising generation grow up to shove them out of the world. 1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 271 The gash vein..is frequently crossed and intersected by whin dykes or bars of hard stone, which generally shoves it a little to one side, off the true line of bearing. 1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. III. 312 The Wit gradually shoved the Antiquary off the end of the bench. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xvi. §711 The land-wind..shoves away the calms which preceded it from the hills to the coast. 1870 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1877) iii. 54 The most visibly flourishing and busy department shoves the others out of sight. e. To put or place. (In colloquial and casual use without notion of effort.) Also with up, down. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] doeOE layc950 seta1000 puta1225 dight1297 pilt?a1300 stow1362 stick1372 bestowc1374 affichea1382 posec1385 couchc1386 dressa1387 assize1393 yarkc1400 sita1425 place1442 colloque1490 siegea1500 stake1513 win1515 plat1529 collocate1548 campc1550 posit1645 posture1645 constitute1652 impose1681 sist1852 shove1902 spot1937 1902 P. G. Wodehouse Pothunters v. 93 You might shove up the list to-night. 1904 W. H. Smith Promoters vii. 123 You want to have your paper all ready to shove [= push on the market]. 1912 C. Mathewson Pitching in Pinch v. 109 Mowrey shoved a long fly to right field, which soared away toward the stand. 1927 W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 23 At Dulwich..we plunked things down, we shoved down notes or we shoved up lists. 1938 N. Streatfeild Circus is Coming vi. 76 He threw an envelope across to Santa. ‘Shove yours to Mr Stibbings in there, and lick it up.’ 1974 A. Fowles Pastime ii. 12 Shove your coat on the chair. 5. absol. and intransitive. a. To push, to apply force against an object in order to move it from its position. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (intransitive)] > push shovea900 thrustc1275 possc1300 push1527 a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 13 Dec. 218 Sume scufon, sume tugon..and seo godes fæmne hwæðre stod. c1290 St. Lucy 109 in S. Eng. Leg. 104 Huy schoue and drowe al þat huy miȝhte ake huy ne miȝhten hire anne fote i-winne. ?c1366 Romaunt Rose 534 Ful long I shof, and knokkide eke,..Til that dore of thilk entre A mayden curteys openyde me. a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 5889 The kynges oost..broughtten gynnes to the walle, Houen, shouen, and drowen alle. c1425 Seven Sages (P.) 1411 At hys dore he wolde inne, And hit was stoken with a pyne. He schof ther-onne. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiii. 199 He hitte Agrauayn with his spere so sore that it preced two folde thurgh his haubreke, and therto he shof ther-on so harde that Agravayn fill to the erthe. b. to shove at: to push against (an object) in order to displace or overthrow; †figurative to apply one's energies to (a task); also, to make an attack on, try to overthrow (a person). (Also in indirect passive.) †to shove at the cart (fig.): to lend a helping hand (also ironical). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] help?c1225 to shove at the cart1421 supply1446 assist?1518 to lend a hand (or a helping hand)1598 to hold handc1600 to put to one's hand (also hands)1603 seconda1609 subminister1611 to give (lend) a lift1622 to lay (a) hand1634 to give a hand1682 to bear a hand1710 to chip in1872 the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] > apply oneself to vigorously to stand to ——?a1400 to shove at1542 to fall upon ——1617 to work awaya1635 to fall aboard1642 to fall on ——1650 to go at ——1675 to pitch into ——1823 to lay into1880 to be (also go) at the ——1898 to sail in1936 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > take hostile measures against riseOE raisec1384 heave at1546 to shove at1577 endeavour?1589 to give a lift at1622 attempt1749 to rise upon1816 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > push at in order to move thrust1535 to go to shoulder with1551 to shove at1607 1421–2 T. Hoccleve Dialog 617 Now, good freend shoue at the cart, I yow preye. 1471 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 441 Iff ye be cleer owt off Doctore Aleyn danger, kepe yow ther and here-afftre ye maye schoffe as well at hys carte. 1542 W. Paget in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VIII. 705 Lay your heddes all three to gidre, and shove at this treatye, that it may take effect. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande vi. f. 22/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I This Erle now liuyng, as his Auncesters before him, haue bene shrewdly shooued at by his euill willers, saying that [etc.]. 1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. i. sig. A2^v Tis a maruaile thourt not turnd out yet! Hip. Faith I haue beene shooud at. 1639 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs Psalm lxii. 4 Ye shall be a bowed wall, as a fence that is shooved at. †c. of inanimate agencies. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) App. A. 14 Whar so hit bifalleþ þat þe erþe is so fast Þat þe wynd ne passez he schouueþ & þrast Þat al þe erþe quakiȝeþ. †6. a. intransitive. To push one's way forward or onward, to press on. Chiefly with adverb, on, along, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > forcibly shovec888 thrustc1330 crowda1415 throngc1440 thrumble?a1513 to shoulder one's way1581 to make one's way1589 bear1594 push1602 jostle1622 force1653 way1694 squeeze1704 to push one's way1716 thrutchc1837 barge1888 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency shovec888 thringc893 thresta1225 wina1300 thrustc1330 pressa1375 throngc1440 wrestc1450 thrimp1513 to put forward1529 intrude1562 breast1581 shoulder1581 haggle1582 strivea1586 wrestle1591 to push on (also along)1602 elabour1606 contend1609 to put on?1611 struggle1686 worry1702 crush1755 squeege1783 battle1797 scrouge1798 sweat1856 flounder1861 pull?1863 tank1939 bulldozer1952 terrier1959 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. Met. xiii. (1895) 298 Swa deð eac sio sunne þonne hio on sige weorþeð..merecondel scyfð on ofdæle. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 487 He shof ay on, he to and fro was sent. 1520–30 Cornysh in Anglia XII. 238 The dere shoffe on the mede. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11804 An Erne..Braid vp the bowels, & bere hom away, And showvet to the shippes of the shene grekes. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. K.ii They..forwarde shoue. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ix. 152 To supper let vs get vs nowe, sith night so farre on shoues. 1722 P. Dudley in Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) 31 167 A Moose..shoves along side-ways. †b. To make an attack with violence, to make a charge or onset. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [verb (intransitive)] to-resea1225 reamc1275 shovec1400 frontc1540 chargea1616 storm1632 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1454 Schalkeȝ to schote at hym schowen to þenne. 1415 T. Hoccleve To Knights Garter 36 In honour of his name Shoue on & putte his foos to the outraunce! 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur v. viii. 173 Thenne the batails approuched and shoue and showted on bothe sydes. †c. to shove down: to fall with force. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > with force or violence dump1333 swapc1386 to shove downc1400 squat1587 to go down1697 spank1800 thwacka1851 to beat down1860 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > push or pull down to-hieldc1275 to bear downc1330 to shove downc1400 rivea1425 reach1483 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2083 Schyre schaterande on schoreȝ, þer þay doun schowued. †d. to shove and heave: to move tumultuously.The verbs were commonly coupled also in other uses: see, e.g., quot. c1275, quot. a1400 at sense 5a, quot. 1449 at α. forms; and cf. quot. 1581 at shove n.¹ 1a and quot. 1569 at shoving n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > move about in confusion or disorder jumblea1529 fluster1613 to shove and heave1638 1638 W. Lisle tr. Heliodorus Hist. vii. 101 Diuers passions in her shoue and heaue. 1680 T. Otway Orphan iii. 31 Thy little breasts, with soft Compassion swell'd, Shove up and down, and heave like dying Birds. e. transferred. To protrude, project. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)] tootc897 shootc1000 to come outOE abuta1250 to stand outc1330 steek?c1335 risea1398 jutty14.. proferc1400 strutc1405 to stick upa1500 issuec1515 butt1523 to stick outc1540 jut1565 to run out1565 jet1593 gag1599 poke1599 proke1600 boke1601 prosiliate1601 relish1611 shoulder1611 to stand offa1616 protrude1704 push1710 projecta1712 protend1726 outstand1755 shove1850 outjut1851 extrude1852 bracket1855 to corbel out1861 to set out1892 pier1951 1850 G. Cupples Green Hand vii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 85/2 The huge sharp green notched aloe-leaves and fern shoving here and there out of it [the water]. 7. a. To push about or jostle in a crowd; to make one's way by jostling or elbowing. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push > jostle shovec1290 hurla1425 thrumble?a1513 jostle1546 push1735 birze1793 thrutchc1837 be-elbow1847 c1290 Beket 2217 in S. Eng. Leg. 170 Faste heo [wormes] schouen and cropen al-so ase ametene al a-boute. c1320 Sir Beues 1407 So fast hii gonne aboute him scheue, As don ben aboute þe heue. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2161 Thenne gyrdeȝ he to Gryngolet & gedereȝ þe rake, Schowuez [MS reads Schowueȝ] in bi a schore at a schaȝe syde. c1403 J. Lydgate Temple Glas 534 Gret pres of folk,..To croude and shove—the tempil was so ful. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/1 It is no good maner to shove in a dores a this facyon. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. xxxvi. 55 An hundred shapes that through flit ayers stray, Shove boldly in. 1714 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. c24 Sept. (1965) I. 226 There's a little door to get in, and a great Croud without, shoveing and thrusting who shall be foremost. 1849 G. Cupples Green Hand (1856) xiii. 127 Her want of actual headway making the Indiaman sag dead away to leeward, as she shoved into the force of the sea-stream. 1897 E. L. Voynich Gadfly (1904) 60/2 The crowd of holiday masqueraders, laughing and shoving. b. reflexive. With adverb or phrase: To make one's way by shoving. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (reflexive)] > forcibly shove1490 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxiv. 515 Reynaude..shoved himself among the thickest. 1694 tr. F. Martens Voy. Spitzbergen 105 in Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. They shove themselves along just like an Eel. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy viii Biddy..had shoved herself well before the door. 8. transitive. To push (a person) with one's body or elbows; to knock against, jostle. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push to > jostle thrusta1400 thrusta1425 shove1530 jostle1575 jundy1786 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/1 I shove one, I pusshe hym, je pousse. I pray the, shove nat whyle I am writyng. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 15 Sept. (1974) VIII. 437 I did step back and clapped my breech to our pew-door, that she might be forced to shove me to come in. 1809 M. Edgeworth Madame de Fleury i, in Tales Fashionable Life II. 168 I shoved Victoire, and she pushed at me again. 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. iii. 67 Laughing and shoving each other about. †9. To prop up. Obsolete. rare. (The reading is doubtful.) ΚΠ 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xix. 20 Hit hadde shoriers to shoue [MS. I. schyuyn; MS. T. schyue; MS. G. schule] hit vp. 10. slang. a. To pass (counterfeit money); also to shove (the) queer. Now Obsolete or rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > put into circulation [verb (transitive)] > pass counterfeits to give (one) the slip1567 output1576 to nail up for a slip1594 spring1686 smash1801 shove1859 drop1938 1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 79 Shove queer, pass counterfeit money. 1859 [implied in: National Police Gaz. (U.S.) 14 May 4/3 A ‘shover’ named Flynn,..obtained a quantity of ‘queer’ and went with it to Mrs. Beemer's house and left it on her table. (at shover n.¹ b)]. 1873 G. W. Perrie Buckskin Mose ii. 36 If I had been detected in ‘shoving the queer’,..they wouldn't have cared one red cent. 1885 Leland Brand-new Ballads (ed. 2) 35 The one [note] I shoved was never worth a continental dam. 1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear ii. ii. 189 This man Pinto helped me to shove the queer... It means to pass the dollars out into circulation. †b. to shove the tumbler (see quot. 1699). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Shove the Tumbler, to be Whipt at the Cart's Tail. †c. to shove the moon (see quot. 1809). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > inhabit type of place [verb (intransitive)] > inhabit house > move house > by night to avoid paying rent to shove the moon1809 to shoot (also bolt, shove) the moon1812 to shoot the moon1836 moonlight1903 1809 G. Andrewes Dict. Slang & Cant Langs. Shoving the moon, to steal your goods away without paying the rent. Categories » d. intransitive (U.S.) To set out for home. e. to shove it: to depart; to desist from a course of action. Usually in imperative, as an expression of contemptuous dismissal. Cf. stick v.¹ 11d. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > leave off! or stop it! to do waya1325 stay1601 go and eat coke1669 to leave off1785 whoa1838 drop it!1843 cut1859 turn it up1867 to come off ——1896 to chuck it1901 knock it off!1902 cut it out1903 nix1903 break it down1941 to shove it1941 leave it out!1969 1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 71 Stick it!, a contemptuous ejaculation. Also, ‘shove it!’. 1956 ‘B. Holiday’ & W. Dufty Lady sings Blues viii. 96 It wasn't long after I left that he told them to shove it like I had. 1973 J. Wainwright Devil you Don't 18 ‘What say we pick one?’.. McGuire said: ‘Shove it. It's not why we're here.’ 1978 L. Stewart Same Time, Next Year (1979) xiii. 145 If he doesn't like it he can shove it, but don't worry—he won't. 11. intransitive (Canadian.) Of river-ice: To move forward so as to become more compact. Cf. shove n.¹ 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [verb (intransitive)] > move forward and become compact (of river-ice) shove1836 1836 Montreal Transcript 29 Dec. 2/2 About one it [sc. the ice] shoved for the second time, when it remained stationary till dark. 1878 Boyd in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms When the St. Lawrence at Montreal has frozen over, it is not safe to cross it until the ice has shoved. Compounds shove-halfpenny n. (also shove-ha'penny) a game similar to shovel-board. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > shovelboard, etc. > [noun] shove-groat1488 slip-groat1521 shove-board1522 shovel-board1532 slide-thrift1541 slide-groat1552 slip-thrift1579 shovel-board play1691 shovel-groat1825 shove-halfpenny1841 push-halfpenny1844 push-penny1856 shovel-penny1887 1841 Punch 27 Nov. 232/2 The favourite game of shove-halfpenny was kept up till a late hour. 1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life I. 50 The aristocratic and bewitching game of shove-halfpenny. 1915 T. Burke Nights in Town 126 She shot knife, fork, and spoon across the table with a neat shove-ha'p'ny stroke. 1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 5 Moving from bar to shove ha'penny table. 1969 Listener 20 Mar. 381/3 The Camley Arms sounded such a nice pub, with piano on most nights and darts and shove-ha'penny in the public bar. † shove-pike n. [pike n.⁴ 1] Obsolete ? a weapon used in fighting at close quarters. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > pike > [noun] > other pikes fire pike1483 morris-pike1487 fire pike?a1549 rancon?a1549 Swedish feather1652 shove-pike1764 thrusting-pike1856 1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 12 We could get you a shove-pike. † shove-up adj. Obsolete in shove-up socket, a contrivance forming part of a candlestick and designed to allow a candle to be burnt out to the end. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candlestick > save-all prolonger1650 save-all1655 shove-up socket1751 1751 S. Richardson Corr. (1804) VI. 118 Her farthing candle blinking in its shove-up socket. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). shovev.² Brit. /ʃʌv/, U.S. /ʃəv/ Etymology: < shover n.² jocular. intransitive. To drive a person as a chauffeur. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (intransitive)] > drive or operate a motor vehicle > as chauffeur shove1932 1932 E. M. Keate Mimic vi. 77 ‘Paulett come and shove for me on Monday... My shover's ill.’ Timothy enjoyed ‘shoving’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1400n.²1688v.¹c888v.²1932
随便看	like-sounding like-thinker like-thinking likeability likeable likeableness likeablenesses likeabler likeablest likebeliever likecase likecoloured likecomplexioned liked likedeeler likefeelingly likeforlike likeful likehood likejamb likeless likelier likeliest likelihead likelihood

shoven.1

shoven.2

shovev.1

Compounds

shovev.2

shoven.¹

shoven.²

shovev.¹

shovev.²