| 释义 |
shopn.adj.int. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with (i) Middle Dutch schoppe , schop small booth or stall where goods are sold (Dutch (now regional) schoppe , schop ), Middle Low German schoppe shed, shelter (German regional (Low German) Schupp shed), Old High German scopf shed, barn, porch, vestibule (Middle High German schopf , schopfe building that lacks a front wall, barn, porch, vestibule, German (now regional: southern and Switzerland) Schopf porch, lean-to building, cart shed, barn (compare also German Schuppen : see note)), and further (ii) (with non-geminated stem-final consonant) with Old High German (chiefly Alemannic) scof shed, barn, porch, vestibule, and (iii) (with suffixation and i-mutation) with Old English scypen shippon n.; further etymology uncertain and disputed.Further etymology. It has been suggested that this word is from the same base as Old High German scob tuft (of hair, etc.) or scobar heap, haystack (see sheaf n.1), with reference either to the materials typically stored in such structures or to the idea that their roofs may often have been thatched. However, derivation from the related base of shove v.1 has alternatively been suggested, on the assumption that the structure was conceived as pushed up against or in between an existing building or buildings. For further discussion see R. Lühr Expressivität u. Lautgesetz im Germanischen (1988) 238–9. Evidence for earlier currency in specific senses. The word is attested only once in Old English in an apparently somewhat uncharacteristic use (see quot. OE at sense A. 1). However, earlier currency denoting a shop or workshop (compare senses A. 2, A. 3a, A. 4a) is implied by post-classical Latin scopa , scoppa , shopa , shoppa , sopa , soppa , syoppa (frequently from the late 11th cent. in British sources). The relevant sense is often difficult to determine in individual instances, since the same premises may often have been used for both the manufacture and the sale of goods. Currency in Old English of the word and its derivative shopping n.1 is also implied by early forms of the Essex place name Shopland Hall, e.g. Scopinglande (946 in a 17th-cent. transcript of a lost charter), Seopinglande (early 12th cent. in a copy of a charter of c1000), Scopelandam (1086), where application to a rural utility building (such as a shelter, shed, or barn) has been proposed (compare the senses of cognates in the Germanic languages cited above). For early evidence of the word in an urban context compare la Cornereschoppe , London (1278–9: see corner shop n. at corner n.1 Compounds 2). Compare also use in surnames from the Middle English period, as William atte Shoppe (1301), Henry in le Schoppe (1307), Margery atte Shoppe (1334), Hugh atte Schoppe (1377), Johanni Shoppe (1449), etc., although the sense or senses reflected are uncertain. Borrowing into French. The Germanic word was borrowed into French: compare Old French, Middle French escope , eschope , Middle French echoppe , eschoppe , (Normandy) sope , French échoppe small booth or stall where goods are made or sold, leaning on to a wall (c1230, originally in northern dialects; < Middle Dutch schoppe ), and also Anglo-Norman schope , schoppe , shoppe , Anglo-Norman and Middle French (Normandy) shope , choppe small booth or stall where goods are sold (early 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman, second half of the 14th cent. in continental French; < English). Notes on forms. The β. forms may partly reflect association with (unrelated) chapman n., and partly be influenced by Anglo-Norman and Middle French choppe. Notes on specific senses. In sense A. 3g after shop v.1 4. In sense A. 4b chiefly after classical Latin officīna officina n. With sense A. 4f compare earlier shop steward n. at Compounds 3 and shop committee n. (b) at Compounds 3, and also closed shop n. at closed adj. Compounds and open shop at open adj. 28d, which all show developments ultimately from sense A. 4a. With sense A. 5a compare shop v.1 1a, which is first attested considerably earlier, and see discussion of that sense at that entry. Parallel in German. German Schuppen (16th cent.), now the usual word for ‘shed’, is partly a loanword < Middle Low German, and partly the continuation of a form from Central German dialects where /p/ did not become the affricate /pf/ at the time of the High German consonant shift. A. n.society > trade and finance > trading place > stall or booth > [noun] OE (Corpus Cambr.) xxi. 1 He geseh þa welegan hyra lac sendan on þone sceoppan [L. in gazofilacium]. society > occupation and work > workplace > workshop > [noun] > other types of workshop society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop where goods are made and sold c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 11222 Þe bowiares ssoppe hii breke & þe bowes nome echon. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 12 He [sc. a prentice] loued bet the Tauerne than the shoppe. 1418 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 197 (MED) That non of the same Fraternite hold in hys schop but apprentices, or elles alowes that hath seruyd hys termez as apprentice in the Craft. a1450 (1978) 125 (MED) Take of..old scho-soles or of þe keruynge of leþer þat þou schalt fynde in corueseruus schoppes. a1525 ( (1907) I. 21 William Oteley, wich kept a cart & horses for clensyng of the stretys, shuld haue quarterly of euery hall dorre j d., & euery schop ob. 1554 in J. D. Marwick (1871) II. 288 The cordineris choippis. 1592 ii. i. 23 You are a gouldsmith and haue a lytle plate in your shoppe. a1640 P. Massinger (1658) ii. i. 21 Most of the shopps Of the best confectioners in London ransack'd. 1665 R. Boyle Disc. i. iii, in sig. B5v Gold-smiths and Refiners are wont..carefully to save the very sweepings of their Shops. 1668 R. Boyle in (Royal Soc.) 2 592 Glass-men's Shops are not near so well furnish'd as the Stationers. 1752 D. Hume iv. 68 One man erects a shop, to which all the workmen and all the customers repair. 1791 J. Boswell anno 1775 I. 473 An eminent tallow-chandler [who had retired]..paid frequent visits to his old shop, where he desired they might let him know their melting-days, and he would come and assist them. 1859 E. FitzGerald tr. lix. 13 One Evening..In that old Potter's Shop I stood alone. 1899 F. Norris xvi. 199 Heise the harness-maker stood in the vestibule of his shop. 1929 June 113 The usual daily earnings of a good shoemaker, working for himself on bespoke work in his own shop, would be 80 to 90 cents. 1962 S. Wynter xiii. 154 He himself was taught a trade and given a lump sum to buy tools and set himself up in a shop. 3. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 189 Marchaundes..Bi-souȝten him in heore schoppes to sullen heore ware. 1435 in W. H. Stevenson (1883) II. 362 (MED) A nother comon graund with a draper chope on it. c1450 (1904) I. 108 A yong man..went vnto a fayre; and when he had..sene many shappis & mekull chafir to sell, at þe laste he come vnto a shop þer ane old man [st]ude. ?1518 A. Barclay sig. C.iiv The sondaye serueth, to folowe vycyousnes What tyme the shoppes, be closed all and shyt. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens v. lxx. 635 A man shal..find it to be sold in the shops of the Apothecaries and Grossers. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster i. sig. A4 Like pollitick penthouses, which commonly make the shop of a Mercer, or a Linnen Draper, as dark as a roome in Bedlam. 1682 J. Dryden 12 Their Shops are Dens, the Buyer is their Prey. 1712 J. Morton 405 That Spungy Ball..call'd..in the Shops Bedeguar. 1791 Jan. 26/1 These seeds are sold at many shops in London, for ornamenting grottoes and shell-work. 1809 E. A. Kendall I. xii. 136 There are one or two other bookseller's shops..where books at least are sold. 1875 L. Troubridge Jrnl. 25 June in (1966) x. 124 We..found a vague little shop where a sale was going on and everything was too ridiculously cheap. 1915 June 711/2 It was to Salzburg they went next, because at Salzburg was to be found the man who looked like a hair-dresser and who worked in a barber's shop. 1938 Jan. 22/2 A friend..persuades you to visit an antique shop with her. 1960 30 Sept. 14/6 A long curved line of shops and offices stands along the ring-way only a few yards from the church. 2002 (Midwest ed.) 10 Nov. iv. 4/1 Bulbs can be forced on gravel or in small vases, called forcing jars (sold at florists' shops and garden-supply stores). ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena (Harl.) (1966) 288 (MED) I putte hym al to ȝou as an opyn schop where ȝe myȝte se and taaste meruelous loue þat I hadde to ȝou. 1530 (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 139 Saynte Ambrose sayeth, that this psalme ys..a shoppe full of spyces of the holy gooste. 1600 S. Nicholson sig. I1 The shop where Nature sets her art to showe, Where crimson Roses sleepe in beds of snowe. 1630 tr. G. Botero (rev. ed.) 94 Our England is the very shop of the World, and Magazine of Natures dainties. 1677 R. Gilpin iii. i. 6 Temptation is the Shop of Experience. 1758 II. vii. 89 In Doctors-Commons; which is in fact, the very shop and warehouse of feathers and follies. 1781 S. Johnson Pope in VII. 262 He never exchanged praise for money, nor opened a shop of condolence or congratulation. 1857 21 Feb. 60/4 You see, the world is a shop where a person can have anything by paying enough. ?1863 T. Taylor iii. 50 Portland [prison]'s an odd shop to take an office messenger from. 1867 J. R. Lowell in Nov. 618/2 Their historians..have succeeded to the good-will, as well as to the long-established stand, of the shop of glory. 1919 Aug. 959 The devil's shop is well supplied, and he is an expert..in offering his adulterated wares with all the arts of most persuasive salesmanship. 1968 A. J. Arberry tr. Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī 101 If there are a thousand locks on your heart, do not fear; seek the shop of love. 2008 R. Leckey ii. 31 From today's perspective, family law fifty years ago is a shop of horrors. society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > brothel ?1515 (de Worde) sig. A.viii ‘Syr what offyce in the shyppe bare ye’ ‘Mary I kepte a fayre shoppe of baudrye I had the wenches that were full praty Jane true and thryftles and wanton sybble.’ 1596 T. Lodge 38 Shee keepes a baudie house... You shall know her dwelling by a dish of stewd pruins in the window, & two or three fleering wenches sit knitting or sowing in her shop. 1605 J. Marston sig. Bv So the Ba[u]d aboue all, her shop has the best ware. 1683 tr. F. Pallavicino 28 I will allow you some months, as many as may seem necessary to render you perfect in these qualifications, which are absolutely necessary, before you may be permitted to open your Shop. 1964 G. Johnston vii. 110 For heaven's sake, Jess, do open a window or two; the place stinks like a tarts' shop! 1983 Lulu (song) in ‘Hogbotel’ & ‘Ffuckes’ 65 Some girls work in factories And some girls work in stores; But Lulu works in a dockside shop With forty other whores. society > trade and finance > merchandise > article(s) to be sold > [noun] > stock > contents of shop 1615 R. A. ii. v. sig. D3v Me thinkes I could eate vp a whole Brokers shoppe at a meale, to be eased of this loue. 1665 S. Patrick xxviii. 335 All the Art of his Doctors, and an whole Apothecaries shop had not been able to restore his consumed flesh so easily. 1703 P. Motteux et al. tr. M. de Cervantes III. v. 49 Look how she goes in her Farthingale and her rich Trimmings and Fallals, no less than a whole Tradesman's Shop about her mangy back. 1753 S. Smythies II. iii. xvii. 146 If you know any honest 'pothecary, that will not put his whole shop into my guts, I will send for him. 1802 G. Colman (new ed.) i. ii. 19 Olla. At night a narcotick;—next day, saline draughts, camphorated julep, and—Sir Cha. Zounds! only go, and I'll swallow your whole shop. 1838 34 395 The entire shop of the ambulatory barber, his clumsy, short razor, cases, &c, &c. 1906 C. Mansfield xix A fat Jewess with a jeweller's shop on her fingers. 1959 J. Osborne i. iii. 24 You look like one of those incomparable actresses who..bring on half a florist's shop with them. 2001 (Nexis) 11 Mar. (Mag.) 35 Smith has a bit of a problem with ‘stuff’. He just can't resist buying it... He's been known to buy entire shops. the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tavern or public house the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating place > [noun] > eating-house or restaurant 1695 (Scotl.) c. 21. 39 Toppers and Retailers in smalls, who sell Brandy by Pints, Gills, and lesser Quantities than Pints in Taverns, Shops, Cellars, and the like, where the same is immediatly consumed. 1733 5 May 7/1 He..practised nothing but Cursing, drinking especially Drams in Shops, Whoring, &c. 1799 May 69/2 A score of us sent in our resignation and took our mutton quietly at another shop. 1833 B. Murdoch IV. 227 The holder of any licence to maintain good order, and not to suffer riot, disturbance, or breach of the peace in his shop or tavern. 1888 A. Gustafson iv. 88 Efforts to detect or surprise Sabbath-breaking liquor-selling are attended with great difficulties. The traffic would be sure to employ scouts for the shops, and if the premises were entered no drink would be seen. 1914 J. Joyce 114 O'Halloran had money but neither of the other two seemed to have any; so the whole party left the shop somewhat regretfully. 1920 43 1737/1 The smaller the shop and the more limited the bill of fare, the greater the importance of the coffee. 1990 14 May 35/4 Every morning cops, cabdrivers, and the after-club crowd can still get eggs over easy, hash browns and coffee..presented by partner Nick Sidorakis, the shop's original owner. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > shopkeeper or tradesman > characteristics of 1769 ‘Junius’ 23 Nov. (1812) III. lxv. 235 The style and manner of the shop are easily discovered. 1825 S. Woodworth i. i. 14 Dr. S. Every profession, you know, has its peculiar language. Mid. I understand—you mean the cant of the shop. 1858 A. H. Clough Amours de Voyage in Feb. 422 Middle-class people..not wholly Pure of the taint of the shop. 1911 Mar. 25 He would rather bear the mark of the shop on his hands, and the dust of the soil on his garments, than to wear the glittering plumage of the laureled warrior. 1970 10 315 Lacy, the courtier disguised as a shoemaker, embodies the virtues of the shop. 2006 A. Stuart iii. 41 As Lady Prentice had said, money would perfume the stink of the shop quite effectively. society > trade and finance > buying > [noun] > shopping > an act of 1960 May 121/2 You should find it possible to have one big ‘shop’ a week with a small mid-week ‘shop’ for perishables. 1978 D. Murphy ix. 198 It was a Saturday morning, when many go into the city centre to do their weekly ‘big shop’. 1992 Dec. 131 Do a shop for your local food bank. Along with the staples, tuck in some treats, like a jar of olives. 2005 E. Barr (2006) iv. 52 I needed to find the local supermarket and do a proper shop, not just a bitty one. 4. society > occupation and work > workplace > workshop > [noun] c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 599/10 Operarium, a shoppe or a werkehous. 1474 in C. L. Kingsford (1925) I. 154 (MED) A newe dwellyng howse..wyth a chambyr and a loft at the heygh deyse, and a shoppe callyth a werkynghowse atte flore half. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Acts i. f. vv For shoppes, or worke houses are wonte to occupye the lower partes of houses. ?1585 W. Perkins Resol. to Countrey-man in sig. C5 If a man shall come into a Ioyners shoppe can hee by knowing the vse of all his tooles, tell what thinges he hath made in his shoppe? 1610 W. Baldwin et al. in (new ed.) Author's Induct. iii I gate mee strayght the Printers shops unto. 1647 A. Ross xviii. 272 [Vulcanus] his shop was in Lemnos, where..hee makes Jupiters thunder. 1662 J. A. Comenius 95 From hence they [sc. the cloths]..are delivered to the shearer into the shop, who sheareth them being spread upon a table with shears. 1671 R. Boyle (ed. 2) II. iii. vi. 11 By frequenting the Shops and Work-houses of Mechanitians. 1721 A. Ramsay 14 He will'd them a' to pap Their crazy Heads into Tam Tinman's Shap. 1781 G. Muter Let. 7 Feb. in T. Jefferson (1951) IV. 553 The cartridge blocks at Moody's shop..were all destroyed by the enemy. 1869 F. Kohn 23 Extensive engineering and repairing shops are added to these works. 1891 R. Kipling Among Railway Folk ii, in (new ed.) 67 Four-and-twenty engines in every stage of decomposition stand in one huge shop. 1930 J. Buchan xii. 194 The back regions, which had once been stables and coach-houses,..housed now the electric plant and a repairing shop for cars. 1975 12 May 67/1 In shops on the surrounding acreage, the nuclear and turbine-generator components would be built in very large segments. 2003 29 June l9 I was working in the back shop..pouring hot lead into molds. the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > place of production or creation the world > life > the body > internal organs > [noun] > producing something 1517 R. Fox tr. iv. sig. B.vv The shop the howse of offyce, & werkynge place wherein ye shalbe with the sayde Instrumentes diligently worke execute doo and brynge a bowte all these rules doctrines and instructions, is the cloyster of the monastery. 1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin i. sig. F.iiv The lyuer (which is the blud shoppe, where the blud is engendryd). 1579 G. Harvey (1884) 83 The very worlde itselfe..was predestinate to be a schoolehowse and shopp of all villanyes. 1590 E. Spenser ii. i. sig. N5 Then gan softly feel Her feeble pulse,..Which when he felt to moue, he hoped faire To call backe life to her forsaken shop. 1637 J. Milton 25 Spinning worms, That in their green shops weave the smooth-hair'd silk. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin (new ed.) ii. v. 320 That the fore-parts, the shops of generation..might be neer the great Artery. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War iv. iii, in tr. Josephus 850 The sanctuary was now become..a shop of tyranny. 1770 42 App. 523 Their various head-pieces certainly came not out of nature's shop in these forms. 1876 R. W. Emerson Resources in 123 Our Copernican globe is a great factory or shop of power, with its rotating constellations. 1920 M. D. Post vii. 138 The most skilled workmen in the devil's shop are only able to give their false piece a blurred joinder. 2000 115 193/1 The shop of the mind, where our truest actions take place. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > place for 1614 J. Sylvester tr. J. Bertaut Panaretus 62 in To build faire Shops for th'Helyconian Loomes. 1749 R. Cox 22 The Husband quickly erected a Shop of Looms, to work up his Wife's Yarn. 1791 I. Wood 20 Weavers were likewise engaged; a shop with looms fitted up for their use. a1813 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur (1995) 62 The Truely Economical Farmer, has allways what we call a shop, that is, an house big Enough to contain a Loom... In the weaving season our wifes can..weave. 1843 XXVII. 181/1 Other persons are renters of what is termed a ‘shop of frames’, containing eight or ten frames. 1844 G. Dodd iv. 142 There are in various parts of the town [sc. Paisley] ‘shops’ of looms. 1924 D. A. Barker tr. E. Halévy in E. I. Watkin & D. A. Barker tr. E. Halévy II. ii. ii. 265 Such a ‘shop of frames’ or ‘shop of machines,’ as it was termed at Nottingham, was of course simply a factory in embryo. 1947 A. M. Henderson & T. Parsons tr. M. Weber ii. xxv. 264 A single shop of looms..could not..lead to an improvement in the prospects of profit for the entrepreneur. d. North American. society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > school > schoolroom > types of 1871 Jan. 8/3 An especially noticeable feature of the new education is, that the new schools are founded, and to some extent supported, by practical manufacturers... The time spent in the shop gives an average of three hours per day for the school year. 1881 Dec. 285/2 The instruction in the shop begins with the use and care of the hand-tools used in carpentry. Wood is provided, and, under competent instruction, the pupils are required to make some given form of wood-work. 1914 J. S. Taylor v. 65 The student learns much of what industrial life is like..in the successful operations of..the school shop. 1952 Mar. 10/2 I designed it myself and built it in the shop at school. Don't you have a shop in the school you came from? 2015 H. Joplin xiii. 208 A lighted Girl Scout trefoil..had been constructed in the school's shop. society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course > types of 1912 20 Dec. 987/2 There are three instructors in the school; one teaches shop and business English. 1941 Oct. 2/2 School Shop has been established to serve shop teachers. 1978 2 Apr. 3 d/1 A school..cannot prevent a girl from taking shop or a boy from taking home economics. 1990 K. Vonnegut xxix. 211 ‘I want to teach shop’, he said. 2010 20 Sept. 70/2 Woodwork, or ‘shop’, as it's known in the U.S., was where students made things. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > glass-maker > [noun] > team 1889 July 259/1 Generally four [glass factory workers] constitute a shop, the most skilful workman (the blower) at the head, the gatherer (a young fellow) next, and two boys, one handling moulds or tools, and the other carrying the products to the annealing oven. 1905 iii. 201 A case in point..is the change from single blower method of doing work, which prevailed previous to 1870, to what is now known as the ‘shop system’; that is to say, three men now work together, two of them gathering glass and blowing the ware, while the third makes the neck smooth. 1949 P. Davis x. 230 The operation was performed by a three-worker shop composed of a gatherer, a blower, and a crimper. 1970 8 Jan. 23/1 The glassblowers function as a ‘shop’ of six or seven men. 2009 J. L. Flannery i. 6 The typical handmade-bottle plant was organized around numerous small teams of workers, or shops. society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > group of 1956 May 75/2 The Associated Rediffusion Shop at Wembley was now very well organised... We have in this shop approximately 80 per cent membership. 1977 Mar. 9/1 (caption) Well to the fore in the massive demonstration for a new Hospital in Hemel Hempstead, were local ACTT members from the Kodak Shop. 1984 7 Dec. 5/1 The 180 members of the shop met on Wednesday morning to discuss the station's 5% pay offer. †5. slang. society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] 1699 B. E. Shop, a prison. 1727 E. Calamy II. 596 Soon after the King's Return, he was committed to the Jail in Grantham, call'd the Old Shop, for not reading the Common Prayer. 1890 26 July 13/3 A respectable and honourable hangman..keeps clear of the ‘shop’ except when he is actually hanging. 1921 D. Grant 93 In this shop were the men who are known in gaol as ‘Pebbles’, that is the hard doers. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun] 1855 3 Feb. 92/2 I think it [sc. snick up] is likely to mean ‘shut your shop’, a vulgar expression of the present day. 1872 J. Hartley 1st Ser. 110 Th' maister oppened sich a shop 'at aw thowt th' top ov his heead had come off. 6. society > occupation and work > workplace > [noun] > one's 1742 III. 70 It cost him 300 l. for his Share, and 300 l. for the other Shop (meaning the King's-Bench) for bribing a Committee last Parliament.] 1776 D. Garrick 14 May (1963) III. 1098 I cannot, till I make my transfer, be absent from the Shop [sc. a theatre] one Night. 1793 E. Gibbon 15 May (1956) II. 215 So much remains to be done, that I can hardly spare a single day from the Shop. 1827 T. S. Surr II. i. 5 I hurried off with Bucks to the office, or shop, as he called it. 1833 5 Dec. 3 The people, greatly to their credit, have set up two noble shops [sc. the Sydney College]. 1847 W. M. Thackeray (1848) xxxiv. 303 Senior Wrangler, indeed; that's at the other shop [sc. Cambridge University]. 1980 S. King 116 The Shop was really the DSI—Department of Scientific Intelligence. b. With the and capital initial. 1876 24 Apr. These medicos are jolly fellows in their way, but it is notorious that they are the hardest drinkers, the greatest smokers, and the rowdiest men in the shop. 1889 2 iii. 218 It related how ‘a medical student came up to the Shop’ as a freshman, and ‘thought through exams. he would speedily pop’. 1918 G. Wall 15 I would be quite glad to get the Shop exam results. 1964 G. Johnston 260 The years at the Shop gave me nothing except a worthless B.A. and the privilege of being thrown into the University lake. 2006 J. Thompson v. 128 At ‘the Shop’, as the university [of Melbourne] was known, he was a member of the Students' Union Board of Management. society > education > place of education > [noun] > educational institution > specific institutions society > armed hostility > drill or training > [noun] > place for training > college for officers > specific 1887 1 Feb. 104/1 A military educational establishment situated at the top of Woolwich Common, familiarly known as ‘The Shop’. 1899 R. Kipling 199 They're goin' up for Sandhurst, or the Shop, in less than a year. 1978 G. M. Fraser 110 We treated each other decently, and weren't one jot more incompetent than this Sandhurst-and-Shop crowd. 2002 (Nexis) 23 Jan. Lanyon was almost certainly the last senior under-officer at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, when ‘The Shop’ closed on the outbreak of war. society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > inside influences society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > traffic in stocks and shares > types of market 1889 23 Mar. 5/1 The latest name for the South African gold market is ‘the Shop’. society > occupation and work > position or job > [noun] society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > [noun] > an engagement 1885 J. K. Jerome 126 After that it was next to impossible for him to get a shop (this expression is not slang, it is a bit of local colour). 1892 28 Sept. 27/2 In the long summer months,..the artiste is frequently out of a ‘shop’, as he terms his engagement. 1922 E. Wallace xxx. 178 Fired, are you?..Well, what are you going to do? Get another shop? 1948 M. Allingham v. 53 ‘My stage friends are more your own kind. Now tell me, out of a shop?’.. ‘I'm afraid I haven't acted for some considerable time.’ 1978 G. Mitchell xii. 128 He was an out-of-work actor and was very anxious to get a shop, as he called it. society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > matters relating to the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > topic of or subject for conversation or gossip > one's trade or profession the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] > discussion of 1814 Last Act i. iii, in J. Galt II. 379 Come, Tom, no shop now. 1856 C. Kingsley Let. May in (2011) I. 278 Three hours useless (I fear) speechifying and shop. 1973 C. C. Trench ix. 151 Like many middle-aged soldiers the King found army ‘shop’ the most fascinating subject of conversation. 2011 (Nexis) 25 Jan. 6 When both men talked, they rarely discussed shop or achievements. 1904 23 Mar. 9/1 Spasmodic support by an almost disheartened ‘shop’ imparts an occasional semblance of strength to the West African market. 1906 24 Nov. 15/1 The account..has not been barren of business in a good many of the departments of the House, although a good deal was of the speculative kind, engineered by the ‘shops’. B. adj.1699 (1703) 526 The Deduction of Poundage taken by the Paymasters of the Navy for Shop-Cloaths, Dead-Men's-Cloathes, Tobacco, Chest at Chatham, Chaplain and Surgeon, is without Warrant. 1797 F. M. Eden I. ii. ii. 555 A shop coat, (i.e. a suit not manufactured at home, but purchased at the shop). 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ II. ii. xx. 95 A cloth made of home-spun linen..none of your bleached ‘shop-rag’ that would wear into holes in no time. 1876 C. M. Yonge II. i. 304 I'm sent for one of Herbert's shirts... I believe their hearts would break outright if he took to shop ones. 1928 E. G. Millar iii. 38 Sarum Horae... These are seldom of more than mediocre quality, and are merely ‘shop’ copies. 1949 D. Smith (U.K. ed.) xii. 203 I had..two slices of cake (real shop cake) and milk. 1975 22 Nov. 11/6 As late as the 1930s the better-off continued to look down on those who..spread ‘shop’ jam on their bread. 1978 D. Murphy xi. 229 She brought out a slice of Christmas cake... ‘It's only shop,’ she apologised. 2011 Á. Greaney 154 They eat a supper of pink ham and sliced-up tomatoes and shop bread. C. int.society > trade and finance > buying > [interjection] > call to summon shopkeeper 1842 2 243/2 Ten times did the errand-boy shout ‘Shop!’ unheeded. 1888 R. Kipling Madness of Private Ortheris in 242 I might a' married that gal and a kep' a little shorp in the 'Ammersmith'..an' a little wife to call ‘shorp!’ ‘shorp!’ when the door-bell rung. 1915 St. J. G. Ervine xiv. 167 They..stood silently about the counter while she thumped on it and shouted, ‘Shop!’. 1967 3 Mar. 264/2 Milligan..lay down on the pavement outside the undertakers' next door, assumed a rigid position with his chin sharply raised, and shouted ‘Shop!’. 1992 R. Harris iv. 253 He rapped on the counter and shouted: ‘Shop!’ Derivatives society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [adjective] > of nature of bribe > able to be bribed a1637 B. Jonson Timber 318 in (1640) III Some love any Strumpet (be shee never so shop-like, or meritorious) in good clothes. 1849 D. Rock I. 222 A church is built N. and S. merely for the sake of showing itself well, shoplike, from the street. 1967 July 216 Launderettes are shop-like premises, usually equipped with between 8 and 20 large automatic washing machines. 2013 L. K. Österlind in E. Tarlo & A. Moors ix. 170 Their stands were more shop-like and better organized than those of most other retailers present in the bazaar. Phrasessociety > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [verb (intransitive)] > become bankrupt 1712 J. Arbuthnot iv. 21 And to have these Usurers transact my Debts at Coffee-Houses and Ale Houses, as if I were going to break-up Shop. society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [verb (intransitive)] > become bankrupt the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone > as the right or wrong person 1655 F. Taylor 143 Go to the right shop for heavenly knowledge. To Christs school. Search not on earth, for it is vain. ?1753 4 Men who..stole her to rob her of—Nothing at all; They sought not a Maiden-head, for if they had They went to the wrong Shop to find it, Egad. 1839 C. Dickens iv. 26 They have come to the right shop for morals. 1890 R. Kipling 117 A Snider bullet ripped its way through the tent wall. The men swore. ‘It's that bloomin' deserter from the Aurangabadis,’ said Ortheris. ‘Git up, some one, an' tell 'im 'e's come to the wrong shop.’ 1923 J. B. Robinson tr. P. -J. Proudhon 298 They are revolutionaries in their hearts; only they go to the wrong shop for the Revolution. 1999 C. Harrod-Eagles (2001) iv. 59 If she wanted contradiction, Swilley thought roughly, she'd come to the wrong shop. a1400 in K. W. Engeroff (1914) 78 (MED) Euerych soutere þat wonyeþ in þe Citee þat halt shoppe shal to þe kynge by custome sex pans by þe ȝere. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 58 A compeer..hadde a wyf that heeld for contenaunce A shoppe and swyued for hir sustenaunce. 1423 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 131 (MED) Mawde Sheppyster holt opyn Shopp and retaylith, and ys no Frewoman. a1638 R. Brownlow & J. Gouldsborough (1651) 284 Severall acts of Common Councell, made for inhibiting Forrayners to hold any open shop, or shops or Lettice. c1754 26 On the Death or other Accident attending the Master or Mistress of a Street Shop..no other Butcher of Poulterer should be permitted to hold that Shop. 1844 9 Jan. 105/1 Edward Gill..holding a Shop in Lower Bridge-street..carrying on the business of a Brazier, Tinman, and Gas Fitter. 1884 Aug. 155 Other city companies' representatives hold shop in the street. 1980 14 223 Those who resided outside the parish but who held a shop within its borders were charged ten soldi. society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > keep shop or work in shop a1450 (c1410) (Douce 295) vii. xxvii. f. 178 Wher by schulde men knowyn an opyn vsurere..Ȝif he kepe opyn stacioun or opyn schoppe to lenyn..for vsure. 1515 in I. S. Leadam (1911) II. 96 Thewe..bought..all maner of merchandise..and kept ane oppin Schoopp for Retailling of the same. 1683 208 He hired also a maid to keep the shop, to dispatch errands, and the like. 1770 P. Luckombe 61 He first kept shop at the sign of our Lady of Piety. 1847 C. Dickens (1848) xxiii. 232 Rob was despatched for a coach, the visitors keeping shop meanwhile. 2008 78 423 Wives, sons or nephews keep shop during the owner's absence. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > inhabit type of place [verb (intransitive)] > dwell on premises or not 1862 E. S. Gould xv. 141 His residence was within the same premises as those where he transacted his business: in plainer terms, he lived over the shop. 1930 D. L. Sayers i. 23 ‘He's put her into a house somewhere round about, I fancy,’ said Freddy, ‘with a typewriting office to look after and live over the shop and run those comic charity stunts of his.’ 2011 A. Hollinghurst iii. i. 192 Mrs. Keeping has no intention of living over the shop. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten i. xcii. 142/2 Hee..hyred a house without the Cloyster, and opened shop, where he had good store of worke. 1655 tr. A. Semedo i. xix. 94 Others divine only by the Touch, and these are blind men... There came to the Metropolis of Kiamsi, a blind man, well in years: he opened shop, and was frequented by many of the Nobility. 1720 5 Nov. 605/1 William Byrd, Mercer..has opened shop, with a fresh Stock of all sorts of Mercery Goods. 1760 12 Jan. 2/1 Becket, Thomas, Bookseller, opens Shop on Monday next. 1826 24 July 2/2 He..waddles out of Wall-street for a day or two, and waddles back to his old office and opens shop again. 1876 1 June I..have been in the habit of coming by this train to be in time for opening shop. 1943 18 Apr. x13/6 Up at Hunter College..the Retailers Uniform Agency has opened shop for accessories and doodads. 1990 16 June (Arts & Entertainment section) 3/1 When Dynasty Culture Club opened shop last year..Bombayites..enthusiastically shelled out the money needed to become part of the ‘exclusive’ fraternity. 2006 22 Sept. 1 Jothi opened shop here as director..with a galactic cast. society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > run a business [verb (intransitive)] > start a business 1409 in M. Sellers (1915) II. 178 No person of the same crafte sall sett upp no shopp nor occupy als maistre in the sayd crafte..before the tyme he be..approved for ane able werkman be the serchours of the sayd crafte. ?1580 J. Bramis sig. Di He set vp his shop with haberdash ware. 1683 208 Diomedes having got such a noble purchase he resolves to set up shop again, and try what he could do that way once more. 1781 R. Twining Jrnl. 12 Aug. in (1887) 42 They had amongst them watches enough to set up a shop. 1899 E. T. Adney iii. 56 A shoemaker, a blacksmith, a watchmaker, also, have set up shop. 2011 (Univ. of Glasgow) June 15/1 The Students' Representative Council..has been devoted to the welfare of the University's students since it set up shop in 1886. society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > work at specific times or periods [verb (intransitive)] > stop work society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > run a business [verb (intransitive)] > close business 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cccxlvij Mani of them shutting vp their shops purposed to depart, for thauoyding of ye danger. 1569 R. Grafton II. 143 The people shut in their shops, and came out in harnesse in great multitudes. 1650 H. Vaughan 19 Stars shut up shop, mists pack away, And the Moon mourns. 1763 H. Dalrymple 35 The Knack of Fibbing well, In Rhet'ric has no Parallel; And if that Privilege you lop We Orators might shut up Shop. 1903 23 Sept. The big gambling houses have shut up shop. 2002 Feb. 31/1 Some resorts shut up shop to become gloomy ghost towns in winter. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > shopkeeper or tradesman [verb (intransitive)] > be characteristic of shopkeepers society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > use inelegant language [verb (intransitive)] > savour unduly of profession 1584 R. Cosin ii. x. 287 For the theft of Caius can not anie waie prooue, that Seius garment is too long wasted: and therefore his reason smelleth of the shopboord more than of the deske.] 1692 R. South I. 362 Their very Religion smelt of the Shop. 1793 P. Hoare i. 19 Nothing is so vulgar as for a man's conversation to smell of his shop! 1831 M. M. Sherwood iii. xvi. 320 Provided such double dealings did not smell too much of the shop, or indicate too much of the spirit of the common tradesman. 1913 tr. J. Turquan iii. 91 The whole affair smelt of the shop, and was far from poetical. 2006 A. K. Stuart Ohlrogge iii. 33 I don't like sending you to someone who smells of the shop,..but Mr. Chipple has so much money it could sweeten even the rankest odor. society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > run a business [verb (intransitive)] > continue a business a1695 J. Kettlewell (1696) iv. 122 The Tradesman will stick to his Shop from morning till night. 1768 T. Underwood 182 Stick to your Shop—the Devils swear Your Holiness is seldom there. 1826 J. Bannister Let. in No. 12 (1899) 1 I shall ‘stick to the shop’ till I quit the stage of life. 1863 C. Reade I. iv. 123 Cricket is a recreation, not a business... Stick to the shop like a man, and make your fortune. 1982 M. L. Young ii. 58 The baron dismissed that impertinence by suggesting that the merchant stick to his shop. the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > discuss business [verb (intransitive)] 1833 5 May 143/2 And so are you all honourable asses, to be talking ‘shop’, after this fashion, while the grog and the Venusses are waiting. 1875 S. Ward in 23 Jan. 52/1 Talleyrand says that diplomacy is assisted by good dinners, but at good dinners people do not ‘talk shop’. 1876 R. W. Emerson 88 We never ‘talk shop’ before company. 1902 12 Apr. 924 Nurses are given to talking ‘shop’.., and the gruesomeness of their ‘shop’ makes it and them a terror to their friends. 1998 ‘Bez’ 126 Thereafter we would all rendezvous at Tib Street to talk shop. the world > space > direction > in the direction that [phrase] > in all directions the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scattered [phrase] the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > changing direction of movement [phrase] > with no fixed course the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > in confusion or disorder [phrase] 1866 June 423 Gladstone..cutting Disraeli to ribbons; knocking him all over the shop about Oxford. 1893 R. Kipling 109 To go sailing all over the shop never knowing where they'd fetch the land. 1928 G. B. Shaw (1929) lxxi 345 The unconventional ones are all over the shop with all sorts of opinions. 2011 Z. Strachan 21 I started spilling my own secrets all over the shop. society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [adjective] > association of permanent and temporary workers 1891 24 Nov. 3/3 A specially summoned ‘shop and job’ delegate meeting of carpenters and joiners was held last night. 1944 F. Peterson 252 Shop and job strikes must be approved by President and Executive Board. 1997 K. M. Straus ii. iii. 83 Recruitment initially followed traditional patterns of shop and job segregation. the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [adjective] > successive or following one after another > from one house or shop to another 1888 2 153 To withdraw from the shop-to-shop canvass of manufactures the small neighborhood industries, would be to take away all the reason which ever has existed for connecting with the census this class of statistics. 1928 24 Nov. (advt.) Pause in your shop-to-shop searching—your anxious pondering of this gift and that for the home. 1995 A. Orleck ii. 58 The solidarity and competence of the young women strikers was a direct outgrowth of the shop-to-shop organizing that Lemlich..and others had been doing. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > other types of shop 1871 27 Dec. 6/5 The people in the dingy succession of shops within shops change constantly.] 1916 15 June 70/1 Charming little bags, flowers, original tub skirts, and a multitude of interesting unusual things make this little ‘shop within a shop’ well worth a visit. 1962 E. Godfrey i. 5 Another practice..is that of opening a shop-within-a-shop, selling the manufacturer's goods and staffed by his employees. 1970 Mar. 10 Most foreign brands for expensive ranges of products are sold through specialised ‘Depots’ and shop-in-shop outlets in department stores. 1987 10 Apr. Prop. Surv. 46/3 In order to protect their market share, the department stores are expanding their shop-in-shop arrangements and backing separate retail outlet chains. 2004 P. Barwise & S. Meehan iii. 63 It was notable that four out of every five customers using the shop-in-shop were new to Hilti. 2015 (Nexis) 9 June 12 The 13,300-square-metre open-plan store..has a shop-within-a-shop for kitchens, lights, tiles, carpet, white goods and bathrooms. Compounds General attributive. C1. Simple attributive. a. Forming a part or adjunct of a shop. 1778 9 Apr. If his Lordship made any further resistance, he would ring the shop bell, and call down his workmen to secure him. 1853 E. C. Gaskell xv. 299 She..was only extricated from her dilemma by the sound of the shop-bell. 1972 J. Thomson viii. 90 The tinkle of the shop bell severed the conversation and she went through to serve. 2008 M. Joss 116 My grandmother..worked at chores upstairs, keeping an ear open for the sound of the shop bell below. 1600 T. Dekker sig. Cv These Satten commodities..vow to lie till they rot in those shop Counters, except Monsieur money baile them. 1822 D. Wordsworth 21 Sept. (1941) II. viii. 361 One a gentlemanly, middle aged man; the other rather younger, with a dash of the shop-counter. 1972 23 Nov. 690/1 ‘Voluntary price control’..has certainly not worked over the shop counter where it was most needed. 2007 17 Sept. 15/2 A little boy..approached the shop counter, proffered some wadded bills, and emerged with a slice of white pizza. 1477–9 in H. Littlehales (1905) 85 Ffor a key to William Blases shoppe dore. 1671 in J. Stuart (1872) II. 277 The councell..ordaines his chope dore to be closit vp. 1779 6 Apr. 4/1 His Fall happily being broken by the Water Barge over the Shop Door, he received no other Hurt than the Dislocation of his Thigh. 1832 29 Sept. 277/2 Transported, he through the shop-door pops his head. 1905 H. G. Wells ii. iv. 181 Kipps mounted at once, after one violent agitation of the little shop-door to set the bell ajangle. 2002 R. Mistry vii. 138 Being manager of the Bombay Sporting Goods Emporium meant he had to unlock the shop door by nine-thirty. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop-front 1745 20 Mar. (advt.) The Shop Front is sash'd, and the Room behind the Shop partition'd off, with a Sash Door. 1873 R. Browning i. 2 Bound for some shop-front in the Place Vendôme. 1934 25 Jan. 61/1 (title) Modern shopfront construction. 1961 D. Holbrook 15 I never knew how much shop-front is behind—or perhaps in front of—teaching. 2005 T. Hall xii. 255 Posters plastered on boarded-up shopfronts advertised mostly forgotten entertainers. 1760 G. A. Stevens I. xxvi. 182 On this Shop shutter'd Morn [sc. Sunday], Servants..make ready their Accoutrements.] 1775 10 July (advt.) Stolen last Friday, from No. 52, Drury-Lane, a Bar for enclosing Shop Shutters, about four Feet long. 1876 6 I used to take down the shop shutters and put them up at night. 1995 M. Lawrence et al. ii. 102 Fit a floor-mounted ground lock—this locks the bottom edge of the door to the garage floor slab in the same way as locks secure pull-down shop shutters. 2015 (Nexis) 28 Feb. (Travel section) 23 The shop shutters rattled up and the streets came to life. 1633 W. Ames i. v. 55 The crosse & surplice have ther civill use, as a crosse for a shop signe, &c. 1840 J. Pardoe II. xi. 177 In some instances, tradesmen have paid upwards of a hundred pounds for their shop-sign. 1930 6 Oct. 3/5 A great flame which lit up the whole sky..and clearly illuminated the shop signs. 2010 (Nexis) 13 Sept. 1 Shop signs in Chinese and Italian advertise wedding photography, hardware, electronics and gambling parlors. 1614 W. Raleigh i. v. i. §1. 312 The things performed..by our common English Souldier, leauied in haste, from following the Cart, or sitting on the shop-stall. 1751 10 Oct. A Seaman having made too free with strong Liquors, laid himself upon a Shop-Stall, in order to sleep off the Dose. 1828 T. B. W. Dudley 47 We know not how soon one of these scheming capitalists may bring over a Turkish Harem, to grace and adorn the shop stalls. 2005 D. Reid xxv. 219 He gave me the name of a shop stall in the night bazaar. 1707 29 Apr. The Shop-Till of Mr. Thomas Youick Baker in White-Lion-Alley..was broken open the 27th Instant in the Morning. 1836 C. Dickens 1st Ser. II. 196 The sums extracted from the shop till. 1856 R. W. Emerson xiv. 253 Parochial and shop-till politics..betray the ebb of life and spirit. 2011 (Nexis) 13 July 7 When she went to the shop till to pay for an item she discovered to her horror that her purse and money were gone. b. Used in a shop. 1782 F. Burney V. ix. iv. 53 They know no more of reasoning and arguing, than they do of a shop ledger! 1858 3 Feb. 5/3 I kept no regular books, but a shop ledger. 1948 7 Feb. 21/2 Seeking to determine accounts carried on shop ledgers and classification of expense items under various accounts, the poll was given the board's okay. 2013 (Nexis) 4 May wd2 Kale enters the transactions, pen and ink, into the shop ledger. ?1680 (single sheet) Nay, if a Shoomaker me wed, his Shop-Thread I can spin. 1827 W. Parson & W. White I. 66 Porter and Burdon, shoe & shop thread mfrs. 1582 in N. Bacon (1983) II. 207 A reckonynge had with Thomas Pepper, smyth..uppon a bill for the repayringe of the shop tooles. 1661 in F. Collins (1905) II. 249 All my shopp tooles and instruments belonging to my trade. 1745 J. Wesley 10 They likewise broke and spoil'd all my Shop Tools. 1859 S. E. Todd II. (title page) The young farmers' manual, detailing the manipulations of the farm, in a plain and intelligible manner, with..directions for purchasing good shop tools. 1913 (U.S. Interstate Commerce Comm.) 72 This account should include expense for tools other than shop tools. 2014 (Nexis) 20 Mar. Professional burglars..got away with generators, a compressor and shop tools. c. Sold or kept in a shop. 1660 E. Harvey Let. 5 Oct. in G. Bankes (1853) vi. 249 What Colonel Bingham had of your's I know not; but I am sure that his soldiers had all my shop goods. 1796 J. Woodforde 2 Apr. (1929) IV. 268 Betty Cary went wth. him, to bring home some Shop Goods. 1875 W. D. Parish 12 He treated her most abusefully, and threw abroad all her shop-goods. 1919 C. M. Andrews iv. 72 Farmers of the better class were wearing a finer quality of ‘shop goods’. 2012 (Nexis) 10 May 16 Sales of food and shop goods are already improving substantially. d. Performed or carried on in a shop; belonging to or connected with a shop. 1725 D. Defoe I. xii. 185 The hours of his shop business being run out, he claims all the rest for himself. 1769 ‘Coriat Junior’ II. 157 No further shop-business could be transacted that day. 1820 Mar. 109 Great part of the shop-business on the continent is carried on by women. 2013 B. Cameron vi. 75 We've had a better month than usual with shop business. 1738 W. Robinson i. vii. 12 After Shop Hours..I o'er the lonely Taper stitching sat 'Till Noon of Night. 1892 c. 62 §1 This Act may be cited as the Shop Hours Act, 1892. 1967 14 May 28/7 Shop hours are 10–7 p.m. 2007 C. Buckis 38 The shop hours are Thursday to Sunday, from 9.30 am to 4 pm. e. Of a person: belonging to a shop; employed in or about a shop. 1595 A. Copley vi. 172 He ask'd a shop-boy, where his Maister lay a nights. 1813 J. Austen I. xv. 166 Mr. Jones's shop boy..had told her that they were not to send any more draughts to Netherfield. View more context for this quotation 1903 G. B. Shaw iii. 132 I breathe an atmosphere of sweetness, like a confectioner's shopboy. 2005 8 Dec. 23/3 His father..had trained as an electrical engineer and built up a large company from a beginning as a shopboy near Oxford Circus. 1823 ‘J. Bee’ at Spout Gaping mechanics, ground-rent bricklayers, and lucky-escape shop-clerks. 1911 H. S. Harrison xiii. 151 There is your public..shop-clerks, stenographers [etc.]. 2008 S. M. Fowles xxxi. 143 I began buying things off the Internet so I wouldn't ever have to enter a store and talk to a shop clerk. 1635 M. Parker sig. A8 When the Shop folkes me did spy, They drew their darke light instantly, And said in comming there was I Presumptuous. 1823 J. Badcock 176 Persons who have..taken the oxalic acid, under the appalling mistake of shopfolk serving it for Epsom salts. 2004 D. Durgin vii. 112 Talkative people, these shopfolk were. 1752 tr. 144 Two Females, who, by their Dress, seemed to be Mantua-makers, Shop-girls, or Waiting-maids. 1824 W. Irving Buckthorne in I. ii. 331 Let this serve as a hint to all haberdashers who have pretty daughters for shop-girls. 1930 27 Mar. 276/3 Some of the crosstalk of the American shop-girls is entertaining. 2007 A. Theroux xli. 657 [They] spent the afternoon together on a bench in the Public Garden..watching the pretty shopgirls of Boston crossing by the duck pond. 1582 G. Whetstone v. sig. K Biancas beautie, made her sufficiently knowne, but her Fathers Bagges, made her wonderfully desiered: so that both ioyned together, aduaunst her, from a Shop Maide, firste, to be the wife of Vicount Hermes. a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor iii. iii. 48 in (1659) The streight spiny Shop-maid in St. Martins. 1718 S. Keimer 60 (note) Ann Watts, a Prophetess, who went by the name of Pudding-Pie-Moll, by reason she dwelt as Shop-Maid to a Pastry-Cook. 1873 T. Hardy III. ix. 176 Getting her shop-maids to push all sorts of rubbish into my hands. 1996 J. S.-H. Wang iii. 150 A laundress, after striving through various jobs such as a shop maid and a domestic servant, recommended her work to other unskilled hands. 1663 10 I was Stedmans shopmate, and he desired me to go along with him. 1790 A. Wilson 54 Whene'er the smooth tread I apply, My Shopmates deplore how I've sped. 1896 A. Cahan v. 96 Jake and his shopmates had warded off a reduction of wages by threatening a strike. 2009 (Nexis) 27 Jan. e1 His shopmates want Warsocki to be proud of their work. 1619 S. Purchas lv. 521 The Haberdasher of Hats (the Shop-Merchant). 1862 D. A. Randall I. vii. 105 Besides the shop-merchants, large numbers of men, women and boys parade themselves along the narrow streets. 2013 ‘A. Rutherford’ xvii. 272 She requested some lace..and waited while the shop merchant cut it for her and wrapped it in paper. 1768 Let. 24 Oct. in 27 Oct. The petty Tallow-Chandlers and Chandlers-Shop-People.] 1799 S. J. Pratt viii. 155 Nor do..the class of merchants, shop-people, and les plus bas, differ, essentially, from each other. 1855 E. C. Gaskell I. xi. 130 The pretence that makes the vulgarity of shop-people. 2009 1 Aug. (Mag.) 27/3 The little shop people look at her in a funny way. a1697 A. Hulton Diary in M. Henry Mem. A. Hulton in J. B. Williams (1829) 321 Wives must be housewives, and sometimes shopwives. 1863 J. Thomson Polish Insurgent in viii These rich shopwives who stare. 2014 J. Gray i. 8 She has neither the good sense nor the propriety of a common shopwife. 1580 M. Outred tr. M. Cope (xxxi. 24) f. 635v Wherein the Merchantes and shopwomen haue their lesson: that is to say, that they ought to woorke and to labour to gaine their liuing. 1753 25 Jan. 20 She enquired of the shop-woman if she knew the gentleman. 1861 30 Nov. 556 Plain men are quite right to do all they can for ragged boys and young shopwomen. 1995 J. Banville 8 I..had a picture of the shopwoman standing there forever behind the counter with her pinched old face. C2. a. Objective and objective genitive. society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > shopkeeper 1443 Ordinance in J. A. Kingdon (1886) I. 124 (MED) Thoo that ben Fremen Shoppeholderys of þe sayd Feleshepe. 1724 3 Mar. After a Substraction of Paupers, Stall and Shop-holders, Inmates, Lodgers, Servants, and others Fraudulently rated in the Poor's Books. 1849 A. J. W. Morrison tr. J. W. von Goethe in tr. J. W. von Goethe II. 461 On both sides a fine pavement, which each stall and shop-holder keeps clean by interminable sweeping. 2011 C. Taylor 205 They're all shopholders, see, they've all got shops. 1850 Rules Holme Mill Union Company in Rep. Inspectors Factories (1851) 20 in XXIII. 217 All invoices and accounts shall be examined by the shop manager. 1954 20 Mar. 12/5 (headline) ‘Don't shoot,’ youthful bandit begs shop manager, ‘I'm too young to die.’ 2005 J. P. Womack & D. T. Jones iv. 75 As the job proceeds and things don't go to plan, the technician often leaves the work area to look for help from other technicians or the shop manager. 1820 3 Dec. 386/1 The shop owners appeared resolved to recompense themselves as well as they could for the inconvenience they suffered. 1908 July 627/2 A shop-owner who will not give men work who are taxpayers and will employ men who are strangers is unfair. 2014 M. Behre xiii. 181 The pier creaked and groaned as shop owners opened their doors for the day's business. 1644 W. P. 5/1 A Shop-shutting, a Tradesmans-tyring, a Peer-apalling, a Parliament-puzling, a Prison-stuffing, a Patience-proving Tempest. 1647 8 That every second Tuesday monethly be strictly observed with Shop-shutting. 1848 A. M'Kay 224 He was a friend to the system of early shop-shutting. 2005 88 173 Associations..tried to secure an agreement on early shop shutting. b. Locative. 1658 R. Brathwait 20 For shee whom vertue guides, will never seeke With shop-bought beauty to adorn the cheeke. 1885 11 Dec. 292/3 In shop-bought instruments glass handles are generally seen. 2004 Oct. (Delia's Kitchen Garden Suppl.) 17/2 Just-picked, homegrown carrots have a lovely sweetness and crunchiness which you don't find in shop-bought. C3. Special combinations. society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > shopkeeper > shopworkers 1821 19 Dec. They sent the plaintiff a brace [of grouse], but..he sent them by his shop assistant over the way to the defendant, with his respects. 1896 H. G. Wells i Thus even in a shop assistant does the warmth of manhood assert itself. 1977 D. James xii. 86 They were mostly school kids..or young shop assistants and working boys. 2004 N. Govinden 83 Shop assistants smile patiently and laugh at your little jokes as you fumble around with your shiny new euros. society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > shopkeeper > shopworkers 1813 C. Cuthbertson IV. xvii. 317 ‘Not quite so bad as that, either, sir,’ said one of the shop-attendants; ‘I understand they are creditable shopkeepers in the Borough.’ 1901 5 July 5/7 He then asked her to go upstairs, and told the shop attendant, named Chapman, to ‘mind the shop.’ 1983 (Nexis) 9 Aug. 3 The ministry..is worried about possible chaos..among [credit] card users and shop attendants caused by the existence of two systems. 2012 R. C. Morais (2013) vi. 101 She..turned back to the shop attendant and handed him a twenty-dollar bill from her purse. 1661 Inventory 18 Nov. in J. S. Moore (1976) 82 In the halle..two benchs, a cubard and other shop benches. 1720 E. Lloyd tr. J. Chardin II. vii. 258 These Workmen..have neither Shop nor Shop-Bench; they go and work wherever they are sent for. 1819 8 Feb. 3/6 To be sold..; an excellent assortment of Carpenter's Tools, shop bench and vice.., and numerous other effects. 1909 June 565/2 If rubber is put under the legs of shop benches it will deaden the noise from hammering on the top. 2015 J. W. Rawles i. 4 The ideal height for a workbench..varies... Before building (or buying) your shop benches, you might want to experiment..to see what height works best for you. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > advertising specific thing > [noun] > shop contents 1700 T. D'Urfey i. ii. i. 13 Your Worship knows well enough how I us'd to flourish my Shop-Bills. 1780 No. 89 Much of the employment a shopkeeper gets, is owing to the attraction of a happy-fancied sign, advertisement, or shop-bill. 1890 7th Ser. 9 432 The late Mr. Anderson..had collected a great number of engraved shop-bills as specimens of the engraver's art. 1995 M. Barnard in C. Jenks ii. 30 A shopbill, to be placed in a shop window and proclaiming that the polish is ‘sold here’. society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > account book > other types of account book ?1594 J. Dee Compend. Rehearsall x, in (1851) 35 Upon another kinde of credit; as upon remembrances kept by skore, talley, shop-booke, or other note-bookes, I am become debtor of no small sommes. 1644 T. Palmer 28 You keep a bill of Parish-taxes, you keep Shop-books for your takings in and layings out. 1798 C. Hutton II. 252 My plumber has set me up a cistern, and his shop-book being burnt, he has no means of bringing in the charge. 1848 J. Bouvier (ed. 3) Shop Book, a book in which a merchant, mechanic, or other person, makes original entries of goods sold or work done. 2003 67 74 His shop book indicates that he had extended credit of £70 to customers. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > burglar > [noun] > who burgles shops 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius 424 Directarii..night-theeues: shopbreakers: robbers by night. 1729 7 May Most stolen Goods, whether by Shoplifters, or Shop-breakers, are dispersed, by being frequently sold among us. 1907 29 Nov. 5/5 They found wounds upon his body corresponding with the blows delivered upon the shop breaker. 2007 (Nexis) 25 Mar. A habitual shop breaker who looted property worth millions of dollars from shops in Chitungwiza was recently slapped with an effective 10-year jail term. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > burglary > [noun] > shop-breaking 1740 28 Oct. The seven Persons concern'd in the late Riot of this Town, with one for Murder, and another for Shop-breaking, all order'd to be transported at the late Assizes, went down to Shields in Carts. 1906 23 Jan. 6/2 A charge of shop-breaking. 2013 C. Emsley v. 105 The gang..specialized in armed robbery, large-scale shop-breaking, and larceny. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop-front 1659 J. Scottow tr. G. de Brès 41 They hid themselves here & there in Cellars, holes and Shop-bulkes. 1899 May 422/1 On the shop bulk and hanging from the pentice are the wares for which the Row is famous. 1925 J. Parkes ii. 20 Every provincial corporation was faced with..checking inconsiderate citizens..from setting up shop-bulks and stone washing-stools in front of their dwellings. 1972 P. Rogers vi. 383 The scribbler has a shop-bulk for a dormitory, where he lies beside homeless wanderers or belated wine-bibbers. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > advertising specific thing > [noun] > shop contents 1795 18 Feb. Thomas Hardy's Shop-card will enable Ladies and Gentlemen, by attention to its Directions..to take with precision their own measure. a1843 R. Southey (1851) 4th Ser. 258/1 A song or sonnet on an upholsterer's shop card. 1997 17 July i. 3/5 There are shop cards with over 30 per cent interest payments. 1998 V. Wallis iii. 58 If your purse or wallet and/or cheque book have disappeared, report this to your bank and all credit and shop card issuers so that they can cancel your cards. 2014 D. Veart iv. 159 I was trawling through the ‘old toys for sale’ section..when I discovered a shop card advertising a brand of toys named Mo-Bo. society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course > types of 1844 W. Howitt vi. 159 Many of the class of families calling themselves above the bürgerlich, or shop class, have the prefix of von. 1878 9 21 Shop classes work. 1897 9 Nov. 7/3 The gamut of worldly circumstances was completely run in Bishopsgate-street..the dead level of middle class in windows of the shop class. 1932 27 Apr. 15/5 Girls of the shop class, caught by the ostentatious displays of ‘high life’ on the films. 1948 G. O. Wilbur xiv. 212 If students go home enthusiastic about the work in their shop classes, a general approval of the whole school program by the parents is apt to follow. 1962 A. Lurie iv. 70 On the last day of school he would take home the present he had made for his mother in shop class. 2014 (Nexis) 11 June 1 Meanwhile, the boys took shop class and made cutting boards with Mr. Phorpe. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop-fittings > shop equipment of butchers or fishmongers 1501 (Bundle 60, No. 4b) Attachiatus est per xiiii pecias beff et mete precii xvii d. et 1 shopcloth in custodia servientis. 1753 22 Mar. Lost, on Tuesday Night last, supposed to be stolen, out of a Tripe Shop..one Shop Cloth, five Yards long. 1795 J. Sinclair 76 Great coat, and long coat of shop-cloth, and one pair of corderoy breeches. 1834 W. Carleton (3rd ed.) I. 195 He..used to dress above his station; going about with a shop-cloth coat, cassimoor small-clothes, and a caroline hat. 1962 Mar. 231/1 They had a union steward who called for a work stoppage by waving a shop cloth. 1995 F. E. Peretti (2005) 150 Levi pulled a shop cloth from his rear pocket and started wiping the grease off his wrench. a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley (1655) i. iii 'Tis not fit that every Apprentice should with his shop-club, betwixt us play the sticklers, sheath thy sword. 1844 11 Sept. 5/5 In their benefit clubs and shop clubs, and private coteries, let them make joint efforts. 1902 c. 21 (title) An Act to prohibit compulsory Membership of Unregistered Shop Clubs or Thrift Funds. 2001 54 182 There is..more than a slight resemblance between the character and ethos of the working-class shop club or trade union and the coffee houses of polite society. 1797 F. M. Eden I. ii. ii. 555 A shop coat, (i.e. a suit not manufactured at home, but purchased at the shop). 1839 9 Oct. 1/4 (advt.) A great variety of tweeds, for House and Shop Coats. 1853 C. Dickens x. 90 He stands at his door..in his grey shop-coat. 1980 H. Engel (1985) iii. 30 Behind a partition, a teenager in a mouse-coloured shopcoat was assembling more from wooden crates. 2015 A. D. Mendelsohn iii. 58 Beneath the drab uniform of shop coat and apron, young John Beauchamp Jones harbored literary ambitions. society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > committee of workers 1808 19 Jan. The shop committee sat at the Crooked Billet,..and every considerable shop in London furnished two delegates to this committee, as their representatives. 1908 Aug. 69/1 With a good shop committee the men will not be afraid to ventilate their grievances. 1954 C. E. Dankert x. 187 In many labor organizations there are structural units smaller than, and subordinate to, the locals. These are the so-called shop committees, which are under the leadership of shop stewards. 2007 60 176 The employers on the other hand contested that in dealing with a shop committee..they were recognizing collective bargaining. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > bribe > ability to be bribed 1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee i. i. 4 Shop Consciences, of proof against an Oath. 1673 S. Parker 22 There is scarce a Shop-Divine in the whole Nation, that does not as heartily believe this unhoopable Jurisdiction to be the only design of all my Books as he does the ten Commandments to be obligatory. ?1757 ‘Oxoniensis’ 10 You were then a mere Shop Divine, and did so nibble at all his Library, and dirty them with your Thumbs, that the poor Man, had not one new Book left. 1888 G. M. Hopkins (1956) 291 I may be able to send you one [sc. a photograph] of me, not shop-done but artistically better. 1865 Feb. 25/2 Dr. Fairbairn has been kind enough to send us the shop drawings of the portion of the work designed by himself. 1939 (Federal Writers' Project) 210 To Isaac Dripps, a young mechanic..who had never seen a locomotive, fell the task of assembling these parts without the aid of a shop drawing. 1970 30 Nov. (India Suppl.) 15/4 They can act as consultants, prepare designs and shop drawings and supervise the construction of new factories. 2002 P. Raines (2003) ii. 23/1 Stone fabricators usually have drafters who can take a rough sketch and do a shop drawing that can be fabricated. 1900 July 9/1 (heading) Electricity for shop drive. 1931 Apr. 317/2 We changed our shop drive from belts thru line-shaft to short-belt individual motor-drivers. 1957 26 Nov. 2 ‘Shop-droppers’ are truck owners who buy large quantities of fruit and vegetables at the market and sell them to shopkeepers in and around Brisbane. 1967 12 Feb. 18 The suppliers—known as ‘shop-droppers’—have been operating for several years. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > of a shop 1592 T. Nashe (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. C2 Greedinesse..busies himself..in syuing of Muck-hills and shop-dust. 1891 3 Oct. 2/1 The admixture of shop dust and dried jasmine leaves, which is weighed out to us by the ounce, is especially favoured by the fair ones of this country. 1991 Mar. (Suppl.) 21/2 Lee Valley stocks everything from power tools, shop dust collectors and Swedish mitre boxes to Japanese knives. 2010 J. Holmes 16 Ben saw that years of shop dust had accumulated on the brim of the hat. the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > close or intimate friend ?1577 J. Northbrooke To Rdr. sig. A.iiij A good companion, and a shopfellow. 1865 13 46/2 These men talked both with their shop-fellows and employers as to what countenance they would give them. 1996 May He would make the goal of his literary career the creation of new means for the resolution of this issue, the ‘old’ means applied by the overwhelming majority of his shop fellows, he was convinced, being unsuitable here. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > perfection of finish > professional 1894 13 Dec. 12/3 (advt.) Gentlemen, if you wish your Linens done up in what is known as the Shop Finish, send them to the Cathkin Steam Laundry. 1923 6 Oct. 738/1 They [sc. early plays by Somerset Maugham] had the handy compactness, shop-finish and alluring shinyness of a new dressing-case. 1938 R. G. Collingwood xv. 329 The slick shop-finish of a ready-made article. 2012 A.-P. Bruneau-Rumsey in iii. xiii. 235 An attitude also expressed in the rejection of any ‘shop finish’. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > with perfection of finish 1909 17 Feb. 44/2 (advt.) Shop-finished concrete shells in place of wooden forms for Reinforced Concrete Structures. 1932 R. Fry ii. 43 Elsheimer's pictures are so tight, so horribly shop-finished and over-polished. 1949 D. Strachey (2006) 60 Some of your countrywomen are so admirably turned out, so extraordinarily ‘shop-finished’ that they lose all their charm. 2007 (Nexis) 11 Aug. j1 Attention to detail is noted everywhere, including features such as custom, shop-finished millwork throughout. the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provider or supplier > one who fits out > specifically a shop 1841 13 Feb. 2/2 (advt.) Joseph Morton and Son, of 8, Francis-street, Tottenham-court-road, shop fitters. 1951 A. Baron 13 Fred was an engineer and Jack a shopfitter by trade. 1997 June 29/1 In response to the growing importance of snack purchasing, shopfitters Berner Ladenbau has introduced Snack-Points. 2012 P. Jackson iii. 12 I got a job as a joiner with a firm of shop fitters. the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > action of providing or supplying > equipping or fitting out > specifically a shop society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop-fittings 1747 12 May (advt.) A Sign 40 Foot, of good Countering, Shelves and Shutters and other Shop Fittings up, are to be sold together as they stand, or in any separate Parcels.] 1770 11 Dec. (advt.) The genuine stock in trade, and shop fittings, of two Milliners in partnership, retiring from trade. 1858 P. L. Simmonds 342/2 Shop-fittings, the counters, desks, shelves, gas-burners, and other fixtures of a shop. 1911 (Tariff Reform League) III. vi– vii. 29 The building and shopfitting trade. 1997 Sept. 111/2 (advt.) Specialist suppliers to the bakery trade of high quality, durable display counters and shopfittings. 2001 Apr. 53/1 Gardiner's Pharmacy in Parramatta is another example of the ‘horses for courses’ approach to pharmacy design and shopfitting. 1629 B. Jonson in J. Fletcher (ed. 2) sig. A3 The shops Foreman, or some such braue sparke.] 1796 24 Feb. To Carpenters, Joiners, &c. Wanted a sober, steady, good Workman, to act as Shop Foreman. 1874 25 Mar. 3/2 Mr. John Sedger, the shop foreman, was the next whose health was proposed and heartily drunk. 1945 E. Stevens vi. 66 Evgeni was promoted for his good work to shop foreman. 2011 16 Aug. b1/4 After we moved a shop foreman into the job of field supervisor, we promoted one of the installers to be the shop foreman. 1717 16 Mar. A well-accustom'd House..now inhabited by an Apothecary and Surgeon..to be Lett, and the Shop Furniture and other Utensils to be sold. 1766 23 Sept. The Whole or any Part of the Stock to be sold; also the Shop-Furniture, as Counters, Drawers, Shew-Sashes, &c. 1866 J. Watts ix. 135 A little provision shop, where the stock consisted of a mug of buttermilk and four or five glass bottles, and the shop furniture of two or three deal shelves, and a doleful little counter. 1886 J. P. Remington v. lxiii. 896 Volatile oils should not be placed in the pharmacist's shop furniture at all. 1905 11 Jan. 11 (advt.) Special attention is called to the..accurate and reliable stoppering of our shop furniture ware. 1999 G. B. Griffenhagen & M. Bogard iii. 59/1 By 1924, Whitall, Tatum no longer produced any blue glass shop furniture. 2014 124/2 The rolling cabinets ride on heavy-duty casters... I build shop furniture like this from 3/4 in. Baltic- or Russian-birch multi-ply. society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (intransitive)] > visit (and buy in) shops > window-shop 1872 Mar. 163 An Englishman..who had come out shop-gazing with his flock of daughters. 1964 1 June 12/6 My wife and I were idly shop-gazing when a hand-written notice in the window of a travel agent's office..caught my eye. 2010 G. R. Larwill xi. 110 They could walk past me in the crowd while I was shop gazing, then backtrack and be behind me again. 1715 M. Davies Pref. 4 With Pamphlets the Booksellers and Stationers adorn the Gaety of Shop-gazing. 1873 A. E. Claflin vi. 95 We went out on our usual errand of shop-gazing. a1984 N. Green (2004) 6 She and Aunt Nancy used now and then to sneak out of Devizes on the Black Maria, descending a little bit short of Salisbury and going there on foot for a bit of shop-gazing. 1841 31 July 207/1 We do not, in this mention of dairies, allude to the shops or shop-kitchens of the humble dealers. 1960 Rep. Royal Comm. Rupert Max Stuart 27 in II. lxxx Christine Wardrop in her statement said she remembered the conversation in the shop kitchen. 2007 (Nexis) 1 Apr. x. 1 For four years he slept on the floor, fixed meals in the shop kitchen..and passed the lonely evening hours taking apart cars and putting them back together again. 1901 23 Oct. 10/6 The premises are in the heart of Shopland—the region bounded on three sides by Oxford-street, Regent-street, and Piccadilly. 1927 7 Mar. 5/3 Shopland, whether its particular province be Oxford-street and Regent-street, Knightsbridge, Kensington, or on the other side of the park in Queen's Road, has become one vast fair ground. 2000 E. D. Rappaport (2001) iii. 93 Geography created the most rudimentary and perhaps significant bridge between shopland and clubland. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > skylights, etc. 1602 W. Burton Anat. Belial in 189 It is..a false light, that (like a Drapers shop light) doth deceiue men with false colours. 1632 A. Townshend 9 Is not your studdy backward? with a shop-light in it, where one can see nothing but the skye? 1681 P. Rycaut tr. B. Gracián y Morales 121 They found none but Merchants shops, and those dark, having no other but False, which they called Shop lights, to set off their counterfeit Ware. 1818 Aug. 542/2 You saw the lamps and shop lights almost as plainly reflected in the pavement as if they had fallen on a body of clear water. 1935 Oct. 85/1 A ten-cent auto ash tray forms the body and reflector of this movable shop light. 1992 H. Mitchell ii. 26 The solution..is fluorescent lights, the cheap kind that are called shop lights. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > advertising specific thing > [noun] > shop contents 1780 No. 89 I..am resolved to bestow more than common pains in furnishing out as elegant a shop-list as possible. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > officinal medicine 1665 M. Nedham 312 Treacle-water, the cool Water of Sax: a few Syrups, and one or two more Shop-Magistrals. society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [noun] > mark identifying goods 1592–3 Act 35 Elizabeth I c. 10 §1 in (1963) IV. ii. 859 That eche Weaver shoulde weave his Shopmarke in eche Dozen. 1804 M. Edgeworth Contrast ii, in III. 21 His sisters unpacked them..to set shop-marks upon each article. 2002 M. E. Clark & J. Thomas-Clark 162 Others..have offered precise instructions on how to identify and date their work by looking at the construction and the identifying shop marks. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > officinal medicine 1665 M. Nedham 510 The common Galenists, who rest upon old Notions, and general Shop-Medicins. 1760 W. Law xx. 191 If your physician be for your purpose, he will not load you with shop-medicines. 2002 M. Nichter in M. Nichter & M. Lock iv. 90 The purchase of shop medicine..represented the best that she could give to her baby as an act of love. society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > credit documents 1720 J. Colman 10 The Merchants cannot pay them otherwise than by Shop Notes. 1771 J. Johnson Let. 26 July in (1979) 7 You have bills lading, shop notes and invoice of goods amounting to £3,877:0:9. 1834 J. B. Byles (ed. 2) 11 Checks on bankers have now superseded goldsmiths' notes, in London; but bankers' cash-notes, or, as they were formerly called, shop-notes, and country bank-notes, are now what goldsmiths' notes were formerly. 2004 T. H. Breen v. 188 Because the city had long suffered from an insufficient supply of money—too little specie, not enough paper—the merchants resorted to..‘Shop Notes’. 1917 15 Dec. 2/3 Shop Opening Hours. Owing to the present difficulties..we shall, from December 17..open our Grocery Shops at 10 a.m. 1958 P. A. Bromhead xiii. 184 The Liberals strongly attacked the Bill's main provision, which was to impose new restrictions on shop opening hours. 1987 29 Dec. 11/3 Bishop Eammon Casey must be supported in speaking out against the spread of shop opening hours on the Sabbath. 2006 A. Alesina & F. Giavazzi vi. 81 In many places shop opening hours are tightly regulated to prevent another margin of competition. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] > from shops 1705 J. Dunton iv. 344 I verily think without restitution, such Shop-Pads can never be sav'd. 1668 (Royal Soc.) 3 852 The Author digresses to..declaring the great assistances..afforded to Nature, above ordinary Shop-preparations. 1723 P. Blair i. 12 Lavender Cotton is but seldom us'd in Shop-Preparations. 2001 W. W. Weaver 90 Sauer's enthusiasm for certain shop preparations made from centaury may be viewed as self-promotional. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > of manual workers > to factory worker 1702 R. Pitt 178 The Medicines are cheap..in the Shop..in a Bill of one Hundred Pounds, you pay Ninety more than the Shop Prices. 1803 14 Jan. She..offered to purchase her escape from trial, by paying the shop-price of the muff. 1840 Rep. Assistant Hand-loom Weavers' Commissioners 334 in XXIV. 1 The few under-journeymen who..receive from them the full shop-price for their labour. 1941 30 June 4/2 The biggest drop of all in shop prices will be in the cost of certain kinds of smoked fish. 2011 K. Askew xiv. 169 The attraction to the customer was that the coupon guaranteed the item was bought at a discount to the shop price. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > officinal medicine 1665 M. Nedham 89 Nor is it thus only with the Shop-purgers, but even by the ordinary Diet-Drinks used in Families. society > trade and finance > merchandise > [adjective] > condition or quality of goods the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > specifically of merchandise 1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher v. 58 May their false lights..discouer preases, holes, staines, and oldnesse in their stuffes, and make them shop-rid. 1851 82 I had sold some rights before that to individuals..; we sold one to a gunsmith..; it was a shop-right, to manufacture in his own shop during the life of the patent. 1890 July 189/1 If a workman makes an improvement in a machine or process and that improvement is developed in his employer's business and applied therein, previous to procuring a patent, then it would seem only fair that a shop right should revert to the employer. 1945 26 Oct. 414/2 In practically all bureaus, the Government is given a ‘shop right’; i.e., the right of royalty-free Government manufacture. 2011 (Nexis) May 39 ABC Company could claim a shop right to Mike's invention since Mike did use ABC Company facilities..to develop his invention. 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iii. v. 4 in II There's a shop-shift! plague on 'hem. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > officinal medicine 1706 E. Baynard (1709) ii. 267 Swallowing Bolus upon Bolus, together with a Scavengers Cart full of all their other Shop-slops. 1939 J. Joyce i. 26 The same shop slop in the window. Jacob's lettercrackers and Dr. Tipple's Vi–Cocoa and the Eswuards' desippated soup beside Mother Seagull's syrup. society > trade and finance > merchandise > [adjective] > condition or quality of goods the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > specifically of merchandise 1865 20 Dec. (advt.) The undersigned..now offers twenty thousand dollars' worth of Boots and Shoes cheap, on account of being shop soiled. 1927 M. Arlen ii. 137 Always together... That shop-soiled man and the tall girl with the curly gleaming hair. 2006 S. R. Green 1 Pleasure and horror are always on sale, marked down and only slightly shop-soiled. society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > shop steward 1854 23 Jan. 8/3 He is the ‘shop steward’, and his duty is to collect the union money from the men at work at the palace. 1915 No. 6. 92 The Shop-stewards' Committee at one of the factories called a mass meeting. 2011 23 Dec. 14/2 His former shop steward remembers him as ‘an active striker, willingly taking his turn on picket duty.’ 1849 15 Feb. The young man..referred the lady to the shop superintendent, who said..that if..there should be found a surplus sovereign it should be transmitted to her address. 1944 48 257 Mr. Westbrook asked whether time study was used sufficiently to convince shop superintendents of the amount of labour necessary for any job. 2004 T. Lee iv. 29 My dad was the shop superintendent for the L.A. County Road Department. He ran the division that maintained all those big crazy tractors and dump trucks. the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] > discussion of the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > topic of or subject for conversation or gossip > one's trade or profession > discussion of 1683 R. Baxter 91 It will be their House talk, their Shop talk, their Street talk, if not their Church talk, that such a one is an Erroneous, dangerous Man. 1819 W. Wilberforce Diary Dec. in R. I. Wilberforce & S. Wilberforce (1839) V. xxxiii. 43 Very poor and dull debate, or rather common sensible talk, shop talk. 1881 Oct. 864/2 The continual shop-talk of three passengers opposite. 1922 S. Lewis x. 143 The shop-talk roused Paul Riesling. Though he was a player of violins and an interestingly unhappy husband, he was also a very able salesman of tar-roofing. 2004 Sept. 65/2 A couple of homeland-security types trade shoptalk about knobs and levels. 1785 XVIII. 222 He thought..the shop tax..to all intents and purposes a new house duty. 1789 G. Mason Let. 19 June in G. Washington (1989) Presidential Ser. III. 53 Two Days ago the famous Shop-tax..was repealed. 1839 18 June One half of the net proceeds of the shop tax..shall be appropriated. 1926 9 Oct. 61/2 All pawnshops were required to pay a shop tax of $75 a year. 2013 (Nexis) 18 Sept. 6 The decision to drop the proposed shop tax in Bristol has been welcomed by the business community. society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > unfair or dishonest the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] > from shops 1613 T. Adams 43 The high-way theefe is not greater abomination to God, than the shop-theefe. a1686 T. Watson (1692) 377 The Shop-Thief, he steals in selling [etc.]. 1784 23 Dec. No less than seven shop thieves were secured in this town last Friday and Saturday. 1839 July 430/2 Shop thieves say, if a till be locked..they are baulked. 1913 21 Feb. 582/2 The spies and detectives..watch not only for the shop-thief but seek to catch the poor assistant tripping. 2015 (Nexis) 23 Apr. An embarrassed shop thief's crime was caught on camera. society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > credit documents 1777 28 Nov. 1/2 The person who made the insurance was then sworn, who gave evidence of the fact alledged; after which the shop ticket of —— and Co. specifying the numbers insured, for what Day of Drawing, and for what Sum, was produced and proved. 1796 Sept. 754/1 Tradesmen's copper shop-tickets, such as that of Moore's lace manufactory. 1834 C. G. F. Gore (new ed.) I. xvi. 135 I had the tact to ascertain..by a shop ticket still clinging to the extreme extremity of the tail, that the Boa had been purchased of Maradan. 1866 20 Jan. 84/1 On the back of the headdress was a shop-ticket, ‘Very Chaste, 5s. 6d.’ 1868 VI. 272 Are there any sources of profit besides the annual dividend? e.g. by shop tickets or other advantages of a similar kind. 1922 R. A. Freeman xi. 111 Edith Palgrave..gained her principal livelihood by writing shop-tickets. society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > keep shop or work in shop 1905 H. G. Wells i. vi. 135 Buggins, whose place it was to shopwalk while Carshot served, shopwalked with quite unparallelled dignity. 1914 A. H. Adams Wasters ii, in 23 Not one man in a hundred is fit to shop-walk. 1941 14 May 7/4 Charles Watt came to London from Aberdeen to ‘shop walk’ in any big Oxford Street store that would have him. society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > shopkeeper > shopworkers 1825 in A. Nicoll (1959) VI. 459 (title) The shop-walker. 1861 G. A. Sala xv. 235 A sort of shop-walker, whose duty it was to pace the galleries. 1896 H. G. Wells ii. 13 The shop-walker brings up parallel to the counter. 1992 M. Spark (1993) iii. 111 The tall man, whose designation was ‘shop-walker,’ would gracefully beckon one of the black-gowned sirens: ‘Miss Smith, will you attend to Madam?’ 1863 ‘N. Brook’ iv. 59 I shall be rather glad of the change in occupation. To me shop-walking is a miserable business. 1896 T. B. Russell Apr. 207 This duty of shop-walking Mr. Borlase divided at busy times with a lean man, grey-headed and stooping at the shoulders, who rubbed lank hands together when addressed by a customer. 1903 A. Bennett vi. 133 There are movements in the working day of every novelist when he feels deeply that anything—road-mending, shopwalking, housebreaking—would be better than this eternal torture of the brain; but such moments pass. 1933 14 Oct. 9/1 After having tried window-cleaning, shop-walking, band-conducting, and the Police Force, Jack now..becomes a journalist. 1953 12 Jan. 4/5 Seldom has such a smooth piece of shop-walking been done than by Sir Bernard Gilbert..and Mr. Norman Young..in the answers they gave to the Public Accounts Committee's questions. 1601 G. Fenton Let. 11 Sept. in (1912) (modernized text) 67 As though the merchant might buy and sell the Queen's bullion as he doth his other shop wares. 1640 H. Glapthorne i. i. sig. B3 I doe not weare (though its common among Ladies) My face ith' day-time only, and at night Put off the painted visor, this haire believe it, Was never shop-ware. 1877 J. Ruskin i. §12 These mighty gaseous illuminations by which Venice provides for your seeing her shop-wares by night. 2008 M. L. Tyndall xxv. 200 Ladies decked in gay colors..flitted across the path to examine shop wares displayed in front of the stores. society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > other types of work society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > shopkeeping or shopwork 1696 E. Maynwaring 32 Any sudden Invention, devised upon a bit of Paper (cut out for Shop-work) from the hands of a conjecturing Præscriber. 1899 W. James v. 35 Laboratory work and shop work engender a habit of observation,..a knowledge of the difference between accuracy and vagueness. 1925 C. Fox 177 The pupils who studied English, history, geometry and Latin (say) were compared with those who normally studied English, history, geometry and shop-work. 1932 O. E. Saunders xiii. 157 Countless lesser Books of Hours were turned out all through the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries for private patrons, but they represent mere shop-work. 2014 T. McCulloch 31 Not one of the girls from my year left the town. University? You have to be joking. We trudged into secretarial or shop work. 1843 8 Nov. 6/2 Those unfortunates, the ill-paid shop-workers of this wealthy city. 1896 Aug. 11/2 Manchester may again be counted as a stronghold of unionism amongst shop workers, eager and ready for the fray..which shall emancipate the shop slaves from slavery. 1940 Aug. 18/1 The light..is designed for use by machinists, shop workers, students, and home-workshop fans. 2010 23 Aug. 19/2 Frustrated shoppers experiencing problems using self-service checkouts can often take out their anger and frustration on the nearest shop worker. society > trade and finance > merchandise > [adjective] > condition or quality of goods the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > specifically of merchandise 1666 A. C. (single sheet) New generous Wine will break old Shop-worn-Glass. 1838 7 The piece of goods got kinder shop worn, and the old man thought he'd never get her off his hands. 1909 H. A. Vachell 112 Peace with honour..has become slightly shop-worn. 2007 May 52/1 She simply paraded these mannerisms in varying order, trading on an increasingly shopworn reputation for eccentricity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). shopv.1 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: shop n. Etymology: < shop n.With use in sense 1a compare shop n. 5a, which is first attested considerably later. The semantic motivation for sense 1b is not entirely clear, and it is possible that it may show a different word; perhaps compare Dutch schoppen to dismiss (a person) from employment (1588 in Kiliaan), specific sense development of schoppen to kick (a person) (Middle Dutch scuppen ; probably related to the Germanic base of shove v.1). With use in sense 4 compare earlier shopping n.2 1. society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > imprison [verb (transitive)] 1548 W. Patten B viij Thei had likewise shopt vp themselfes in ye highest of their house. 1558 sig. c.ii Sure to haue pict to hym, one quarel or oother, whearby he should be shopt vp for sunburnyng: or ootherwise punisht. 1583 T. Stocker tr. iv. 52 b [They] onely shopped vp [Fr. confiné] some of the Catholikes within their owne house. 1645 F. Mussell (single sheet) The Officer stands fitted at the doore, to shop him where he never was before. 1678 W. Winstanley 8 A main part of his Office [sc. a bum-bailiff's] is to swear and bluster at their trembling Prisoners, and cry, Confound us, why do we wait? Let's Shop him! a1701 C. Sedley tr. D. A. de Brueys & J. Palaprat Grumbler iii. vii, in (1722) II. 198 He talks like a Fool, and was presently shopp'd up. 1838 C. Dickens I. xvi. 252 It was Bartlemy time when I was shopped... Arter I was locked up for the night, the row and din outside made the thundering old jail so silent, that I could almost have beat my brains out. 1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ lii. 407 You'd have thought every bush-ranger that ever had been shopped in New South Wales had been hanged or kept in gaol till he died. society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > dismiss or discharge c1840 J. H. Lewis (ed. 7) iv. 62 Nobody didn't come, and, sure as I'm a man, I shop'd um! 1864 J. C. Hotten (new ed.) 228 Shop, to discharge a shopman. 1915 H. L. Wilson xvii. 308 I would have shopped the fellow in an instant,..had it been at any other time. He was most impertinent. 2006 17 July 14/4 The borrower will have no reason to shop you if they think you can get the job done. society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)] 1895 4 Jan. 3/7 Of course Chris gets the spike (in a temper) because Sullivan had shopped him. 1935 8 Jan. 7/3 When they cautioned and charged him, Berrick asked ‘Did Bird, in River Street, “shop” me?’ 1974 ‘A. Gilbert’ i. 8 Have you been shopped? They can't do that..not without you've committed a crime. 1989 in R. Graef x. 315 If some of our bosses were corrupt, I wouldn't have any hesitation shopping them. 2010 N. Shukla vi. 160 Unless Dad wrote this off as a lapse of judgement and didn't shop me to the cops. 1652 E. Benlowes x. xx. 182 Where Pride is coacht, Fraud shopt, & Taverns drown the Soul. society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale 1688 R. Holme iii. iii. 102/2 Shop the Candles, is to hang them by pounds, dozens, two or three on the two ends of a strong staff, and so a Man..brings them to the place where they are to be. 1727 A. Hamilton I. xviii. 206 When our Goods are in a Readiness, we send them to the accustomed Place to be shopt. 1890 Jan. 14 I ask my man whether he will have..2s., when he ‘shops’ the boots [etc.]. 1906 Factories & Workshops: Ann. Rep. Chief Inspector 1905 51 in (Cd. 3036) XV. 405 The clothes have often to be finished and shopped by Saturday forenoon. 1993 B. Cross 136 I knew I could go around, shop my own stuff and put the money in my pocket. 2004 13 Dec. C8/3 The government could then send to those states where goods are shopped the sales tax each imposes. 4. society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (intransitive)] > visit (and buy in) shops 1806 J. Beresford I. 84 The endless time that you are kept waiting at a door in a carriage, while the ladies are shopping. 1886 C. E. Pascoe (ed. 3) xxxii. 290 It is thronged with the..grand dames of London, shopping, or making pretence to shop. 1923 15 Dec. 518/1 You remember we shopped early to avoid the Christmas rush. 1939 Oct. 79/1 Any man who has ever renewed the spark plugs in a car..or shopped for a lawn mower, must know something about Western Auto Stores. 1973 27 Feb. 16/3 The National Portrait Gallery went shopping at Phillips sale room yesterday. 1998 N.Capulet xii. 161 It sounds like Mary is shopping for a man much as other people might shop for bottles. 2008 24 Nov. 85/1 The small, dense neighborhood where fishermen once lived and shopped. society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (transitive)] > shop at 1920 July 19/1 Many store managers believe that shopping their own stores is more important than shopping the stores of competitors. 1955 17 Feb. 10/3 (advt.) Shop the store that gives you more. 1974 S. Marcus iv. 85 One man who had shopped the entire store complained that he hadn't found what he was looking for. 1995 11 May 29/2 Shop the rest, then come to the best. 2003 7 Nov. 24/2 Independents are shopped more frequently than multiples. 2011 (U.K. ed.) July 39 From this month, Brits can shop the online store. society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [verb (transitive)] > appoint to an office or position 1808 Rules of Journeymen, Hat-Makers & Finishers of Stockport in A. Aspinall (1949) iv. 110 And when any person comes wishing to be asked for, the person that goes and asks for him, to take his ticket, and in case that man is shopped, he must leave his ticket at the place he is shopped. 1855 J. D. Burn viii. 119 I travelled 1400 miles upon this occasion ere I could obtain work. At last I got shopped in Sherborne, in Dorsetshire. 1867 13 July 56/1 There are many men who would regard themselves as ingrates, were they not to celebrate their being ‘shopped’, after having been out of collar, by a ‘spree’. 1911 L. Merrick i. 8 ‘Before people had heard of me it was easier to find engagements,’ he explained; ‘it's since people know me I can't get shopped.’ 1905 May 36/2 We are now holding it [sc. a carload of staves] in our yard for him while he is shopping it around. If he can make a better sale, well and good; but if not he will fall back to..trying on another deal with us. 1942 8 Aug. 19/5 Those with blocks [sc. of shares] to sell now shop them around..and force competitive bids. 1984 30 Mar. (Sports section) 1/5 The absentee owner..began shopping the team to other cities in 1976. 1993 25 Jan. 19/1 Once he [sc. Bill Clinton] makes a decision..he so thoroughly shops it around for reaction that it almost inevitably is revised in the process. 2000 T. Colicchio 14 I shopped my résumé around, and Alfred Portale..hired me. 2014 L. Lutz in J. Bacal i. 57 My agent kept shopping the script around, and it was finally bought by a new studio. society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (transitive)] 1944 June 189/2 The players didn't like him. He couldn't shop the proper degree of sympathy. 1954 H. Melvill 216 Ring up an agent and shop me a couple of walk-ons. 1958 L. Durrell xiii. 239 Will you be good enough to go down to Karda in Suleiman Pasha and shop me a couple of those little copies of the Tel Al Aktar figurines? 1975 D. Laha 98 A lower middle class bank clerk, living in a fringe area which divided the two communities, had dared to sneak out to shop some food for the family. 2015 13 May He shopped himself some elegant ink bottles, exquisite mud slates and some magnificent peacock feathers. Phrasal verbs to shop around the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > inspect, survey [verb (intransitive)] society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (intransitive)] > visit (and buy in) shops > go from shop to shop comparing prices 1871 [see shopping around n. at shopping n.2 Compounds 3]. 1922 Feb. 89/1 During the war, although orders greatly exceeded production, absenteeism increased. Men took days off to ‘shop around’, knowing that if unsuccessful they would be welcomed back. 1948 31 July 171/2 It is impossible to shop around for cheaper raw materials. 1976 J. I. M. Stewart ii. 35 It's usual to shop around a little. To send in a list of three or four colleges. 1992 6 Apr. 38/2 If the first or second doctor does not agree with the diagnosis, they shop around for one more compliant. 2005 1 Sept. (Central ed.) a3/4 Suppliers who don't have contracts and shop around for the best price run the risk of supply disruptions. Phrases1904 Sept. 573/2 Anything you'd like me to get for you? No trouble at all—I'm going to shop until I drop. 1926 July 311/1 You can shop till you drop, just so you don't buy too much. 1951 18 Nov. 8 Dec. b11/2 (advt.) Why shop till you drop? 1995 1 June i. 5/4 Computer fans can now shop until they drop without letting go of their mouse. 2012 H. Evans 136 My bachelorette party... Weekend in New York? That way we can see my girlfriends, have some cocktails, shop till we drop! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shopv.2 Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Photoshop v. Etymology: < -shop (in Photoshop v.). society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [verb (transitive)] > others 1997 Re: Not a Personal, Honest! in (Usenet newsgroup) 30 Mar. I sense..skills with Adobe Photoshop that would make Peanuts green with envy.., not that any of *his* photos have been 'shopped..*ahem* ;). 2009 @NoraReed 11 Oct. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) I need someone to shop a picture of a frying pan onto Kelsey's face on this photo. 2013 L. Harrison 3 Pretending has become the only way... Facebook profiles are embellished, photos are shopped, reality TV is scripted.., and even professional athletes are cheating. Derivatives 2003 Re: Real Photograph? in misc.fitness.weights (Usenet newsgroup) 12 Dec. I pronounce you a fake.., along with your ‘talented digital artist’... No one would put up a shopped photo and present it as real, it's just silly. 2012 (Nexis) 26 Aug. Parody was inevitable and shopped photos began to appear of Corbett, popping up everywhere imaginable. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.int.OE v.11548 v.21997 |
