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单词 shotgun
释义

shotgunn.int.

Originally U.S.
1.
a. A smooth-bore gun (fowling-piece) used for firing small-shot, as distinguished from a rifle for firing a bullet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > shooting equipment > [noun] > shot-gun or fowling-piece
fowling-piece1596
fowling-gun1647
shotgun1828
scattergun1836
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [noun] > shotgun
turnabout1801
shotgun1828
scattergun1836
seven-bore1859
twelve-bore1859
twelve-gauge1859
twelve1895
pump1928
1828 J. Hall Lett. from West 86 Luck's like a shot-gun, mighty uncertain.
1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies xi. 86 The lads of the West holding ‘shot-guns’, as they call them, in great contempt, thinking..the rifle the only fire-arm worthy of a hunter.
1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 220 The sportsmanlike use of the shot-gun.
b. elliptical for (a) a shotgun building (sense 2b); (b) = shotgun formation n. at Compounds 2 (American Football).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific internal arrangement > [noun]
pseudodipter1692
pseudodipteron1706
catacomb1884
warren1922
three-decker1942
shotgun1945
triplex1962
bi-level1965
1945 B. A. Botkin Lay My Burden Down 98 They had to go out and live in sod houses and little old boxed shotguns and turn their Negroes loose.
1966 [see shotgun formation n. at Compounds 2].
1976 Time 19 Jan. 43 Staubach's talent is throwing from the shotgun.
1977 New Yorker 10 Oct. 178/2 Buckley, operating from the shotgun, threw some forty, of which some twenty were valid.
2.
a. Passing into adj. Made or done hastily or under pressure of necessity.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > done, produced, or obtained by compulsion
threata1400
constraintc1430
compelled1541
compulsed1541
violent?1550
extorted1552
wrested1565
coacted1570
enforced1576
forced1576
compulsory1581
commandeda1586
coactive1596
infortiate1601
extortious1602
coact1610
compulsive1611
exacted1618
necessitous1632
violented1641
necessary1655
on-forced1656
commandatorya1659
extorsive1669
compellable1677
compulsatory1748
obbligato1780
coerced1877
mandatory1891
shotgun1937
the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adjective] > acting with haste > hasty or hurried > hastily performed or done
subitary1600
breathless1606
shotgun1937
1937 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. 8/2 Shotgun legislation... Measures pushed through in a last-hour rush.
1962 Economist 7 Apr. 73/1 Mr Sandys's shot-gun reorganisation of the aircraft industry.
1977 Observer 13 Mar. 13/2 By the end of last year, 464 men had been forced to quit, 74 after formal proceedings, the remainder in shotgun resignations.
b. Designating a house or other building with rooms set in a line on either side of a long central hallway. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific internal arrangement > [adjective]
roomed1596
storeyed1607
wide-roomed1860
staged1884
walkthrough1920
shotgun1938
split-level1952
open plan1954
step-up1958
raised ranch1960
landscaped1968
open-concept1978
1938 J. Stuart Beyond Dark Hills vi. 156 Their faces wore the blank expression of the Armco plant's shotgun dwelling houses.
1944 T. D. Clark Pills, Petticoats & Plows iii. 56 There was no wiser spot on earth than the porches which jutted out from the long shotgun buildings.
1950 Penguin New Writing 40 67 Your Riverbottom Nigras lived in little shotgun houses.
1964 Amer. Folk Music Occas. No. 1. 92 De Ole souf unroll... Dog-trots and shotgun shantys.
1974 Times 14 Jan. 12/3 The American South is still unmistakably southern..grits at breakfast, blacks living in shotgun shacks.
Categories »
c. quasi-adv. to ride shotgun: see ride v. Phrases 2m.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
shotgun barrel n.
ΚΠ
1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 8 The strain to which a shot~gun barrel is ordinarily subjected.
C2.
shotgun formation n. American Football (see quot. 1966); also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > formations
T-formation1930
umbrella defence1950
pocket1955
shotgun formation1967
O-line1971
wishbone1972
1966 K. Rote & J. Winter Lang. Pro Football iii. 137 Shotgun, offensive formation where quarterback sets four or five yards behind center with other backfield men split out as flankers or slot backs; an offensive formation designed to facilitate sending out as many pass receivers as possible while passer is in safer position to throw.]
1967 Wall St. Jrnl. 30 Jan. 8/5 Mr. Hornung's argument [that his accomplishments constituted educational, artistic, scientific and civic achievements] constitutes ‘a shotgun formation’, the court said.
1972 J. Mosedale Football vi. 91 Hickey installed the shotgun formation, putting the quarterback at tailback where he could pass or run.
shotgun marriage n. originally U.S. = shotgun wedding n. below; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > [noun] > manner of marrying > in haste or under duress
shotgun wedding1927
shotgun marriage1929
1929 E. W. Howe Plain People xxix. 267 Two people cordially disliked me for years because I thought it best to mention very briefly and respectfully their shot gun marriage.
1958 Manch. Guardian 22 Mar. 4/6 There were references to..the possible shotgun marriage of the ‘Daily Herald’ and the ‘News Chronicle’.
1973 ‘H. Carmichael’ Too Late for Tears xv. 179 Shot-gun marriages went out with the advent of the Pill.
shotgun microphone n. (or colloquialshotgun mike) a highly directional microphone with a long barrel that is pointed at a distant source of sound.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > sound magnification or reproduction > [noun] > microphone
carbon transmitter1878
microphone1878
carbon microphone1879
pantelephone1881
phonoscope1890
mike1911
condenser microphone1921
magnetophone1922
radio microphone1922
ionophone1924
crystal microphone1925
ribbon microphone1925
radio mike1926
laryngophone1927
velocity microphone1931
ribbon mike1933
pressure microphone1934
bug1936
eight ball1937
ribbon1937
throat microphone1937
throat mike1937
rifle microphone1938
parabolic microphone1939
lip microphone1941
intercept1942
spike mike1950
spy-mike1955
spy-microphone1960
mic1961
rifle mike1961
gun microphone1962
spike microphone1962
shotgun microphone1968
Lavallière1972
wire1973
sneaky1974
multi-mikes1990
1968 J. M. Ullman Lady on Fire (1969) viii. 111 Even if they walked around Curley..could pick up the conversation with a shotgun microphone. The device had a range of several hundred feet.
1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 30 A shotgun microphone was located to one side of the group to record the verbal interactions.
1978 T. Gifford Glendower Legacy (1979) 187 We used that miserable shotgun mike and believe me, Brennan was watching television and sneezing.
shotgun prescription n. Medicine slang a prescription containing a great number of drugs of various properties.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > prescription or recipe > type of prescription
shotgun prescription1891
1891 Cent. Dict. Shotgun prescription.
1898 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon
1913 Times 13 Aug. 4/4 The old ‘shotgun’ prescriptions so justly condemned by modern physicians.
shotgun wedding n. originally U.S. a wedding made in haste or under duress by reason of the bride's pregnancy; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > [noun] > manner of marrying > in haste or under duress
shotgun wedding1927
shotgun marriage1929
1927 S. Lewis Elmer Gantry ix. 134 There were, in those parts and those days, not infrequent ceremonies known as ‘shotgun weddings’.
1946 Sun (Baltimore) 29 Oct. 1/1 Charges that the veto system was a ‘shotgun wedding’ forced upon the small nations.
1974 E. Huxley Gallipot Eyes (1976) 61 She can't have been more than fourteen when she married. A shot-gun wedding, clearly.

Draft additions March 2014

North American colloquial. The front passenger seat in a vehicle; the chance to sit in this seat on a particular journey (also as int.: used to claim this chance). Frequently attributive, esp. in shotgun seat. Cf. to ride shotgun at ride v. Phrases 2m. to call shotgun: to claim the chance to sit in the front passenger seat of a vehicle on a particular journey, esp. by saying the word ‘shotgun’.In quot. 1940 with reference to the practice of travelling next to the driver of a vehicle as an armed guard: see ride v. Phrases 2m(a).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > parts and equipment of vehicles generally > [noun] > seat > of specific type or position
driver's seata1726
side seat1742
driving seat1788
back seata1832
aisle seat1838
car seat1850
reclining seat1857
window seat1862
passenger seat1867
seat-board1873
garden seat1884
bucket-seat1908
shotgun1940
Sleeperette1950
sleeper seat1960
1940 Pony Express Courier Feb. 10/3 Why not immortalize men equally as brave who rode the Shotgun seat on the Old Concord?
1966 R. Gover Poor Boy at Party xvii. 226 He got up and staggered to the shotgun seat and tossed me the keys.
1972 G. Lucas et al. Amer. Graffiti (film script) 55 (Joe heads for the driver's side and Ants and Bean both go for the front passenger door.) Bean. Shotgun! Ants. No, I called it!
1980 Washington Post (Nexis) 3 Dec. d1 A lowered '59 Chevy roars by, and the kid in the shotgun position sticks his head out the window.
1991 C. Reynolds in G. Garrett & P. Ruffin Contemp. Southern Short Fiction 79 ‘Let's go,’ Charlie yelled. ‘Shotgun!’ ‘I already cu-cu-called “shotgun”, g-goddamnit,’ Jackpot yelled.
2001 Bodyboarding Mag. Dec. 55 The first couple of days in Cabo, I tried to get shotgun, but then I knew that that wasn't an option so I tried to get a window seat in the back.
2009 L. Spalding Writing Away p. xix You're actually driving, by the way. I call shotgun.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online September 2020).

shotgunv.

Brit. /ˈʃɒtɡʌn/, U.S. /ˈʃɑtˌɡən/
Etymology: < shotgun n.
colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.).
1. transitive. To shoot with a shotgun. (In quot. a1880 with cognate object to shotgun one's way.)
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > use or operation of small arms > use small arms [verb (transitive)] > shoot with shotgun
shotguna1880
a1880 in G. A. Sala Amer. Revisited I. vi. 87 Our people sabred and shot-gunned their way to liberty.
a1961 Webster (at cited word) An enemy who shotgunned him from ambush.
1977 Washington Post 30 Oct. f6/2 I didn't have to worry about some beer-sodden cowboy shotgunning me right through my sleeping bag.
1978 S. Brill Teamsters i. 23 One of the star prosecution witnesses had been shotgunned to death.
1981 J. Wainwright All on Summer's Day 143 He's the murderer. He shotgunned his wife and her fancy man.
1988 Mod. Painters Autumn 64/2 The..cheesecake..is..the perfect antithesis to a backdrop of plywood canvases shotgunned and spraycanned out in the heart of the country.
2. To force as if with a shotgun; to bring about forcibly.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)]
needeOE
straita1340
pressa1393
afforcea1400
stressa1400
coactc1400
coarctc1400
strainc1400
compulse?a1475
cohert1475
oppress1523
compel1526
forcec1540
to tie to the stake1544
urge1576
adact1615
duressa1626
coerce1659
railroad1889
to twist the tail1895
steamroll1900
steamroller1912
shanghai1919
bulldozer1945
shotguna1961
a1961 A. Roth in Webster (at cited word) Shotgunned western Europe into federal unity.
1978 National Westm. Bank Q. Rev. Nov. 10 No matter how dubious their case, domestic forces can affect trade policy, at least at the margin, by ‘shotgunning’ their import complaints through the expanding number of statutory procedures now available to them.
1982 Fortune 22 Mar. 121/1 I shotgunned a marriage of the two firms to design the project. It lasted about two months. They lacked rapport.

Derivatives

ˈshotgunned adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > shot
shot1837
gun-shot1879
shot1934
shotgunned1981
1981 Washington Post 2 July b13/1 Members of a motorcycle gang weighted a shotgunned body with cinderblocks and tossed it into the quarry.
ˈshotˌgunner n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > one armed with or using firearm > one bearing or using handgun > shotgun
shotgunner1975
1975 Victorian (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 24 Sept. 16/1 Shotgunners after wildfowl are unaffected by the ban.
1988 Oxf. Mail 11 Nov. 1/2 PC Shaw said he was selected as the shotgunner who was to fire if Davies made a threatening move.
ˈshotˌgunning n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > action of compelling > as if with violence
shotgunning1978
1978 Business Week 5 June 116 f/2 To avoid lawsuits and government fines..they [sc. chemical producers]..are trying to forestall safety and environmental hazards. Legal shotgunning. The threat of litigation alone is ample incentive.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1993; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.int.1828v.a1880
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