单词 | shrink |
释义 | shrinkn. 1. a. An act of shrinking, flinching, cowering, etc.: †a shrug. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > shrinking or flinching wincing1426 winching1525 shrink1590 winking1677 winch1788 flinch1817 wince1865 society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > other gestures > [noun] > shrug shruggingc1460 shrink1590 shrug1594 shrinking1638 macaroni shrug1775 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 23 b After the first shrinck at the entring of the bullett. 1594 S. Daniel Trag. Cleopatra (Bang) 1729 Not a yeilding shrinke, or touch of feare Consents now to bewray least sence of paine. c1645 Howell Let. to Capt. T. P. 1 Aug. 1622 He [the Spaniard] never speaks of her [Queen Elizabeth] but he fetcheth a shrink in the shoulder. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. i. Introd. 11/2 I saw a visible shrink in all Orders of Men among us, from that Greatness..which was in the first Grain, that our God brought from Three sifted Kingdoms, into this Land. a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) i. 230 A Shrink, or Contraction, in the Body since 'twas first form'd. 1832 L. Hunt Poems 179 I..almost wish with sudden shrink, That I had less to praise. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur 178 The shiver and shrink with which the sitter caught sight of him. b. spec. in Textiles, the reduction in dimension of a fibre or fabric, usually caused by treatment with water. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > [noun] > shrink shrink1947 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > shrink shrink1947 1947 J. T. Marsh Introd. Textile Finishing ix. 244 Modern anti-shrink treatments are based on..two methods. 2. A psychiatrist. Cf. headshrinker n. 2. slang (originally U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > psychiatry > [noun] > psychiatrist mad-doctor1697 head-doctor1850 mind-curer1856 psychiater1857 alienist1864 psychopath1864 psychiatrist1869 mind-curist1889 trick-cyclist1897 soul doctor1922 loony-doctor1925 witch doctor1930 psych1946 headshrinker1950 wig-picker1961 shrink1966 shrinker1967 1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 i. 16 It was Dr Hilarius, her shrink or psychotherapist. 1969 C. Young Todd Dossier 78 What you've written may prove helpful. That's what the man said, the shrink. 1973 Nation Rev. (Melbourne) 31 Aug. 1434/1 A number of value judgments were offered..by a couple of the shrinks. 1978 M. Walker Infiltrator iii. 39 He could have gone to a pricey shrink who would have certified him too delicate for the Army. 1980 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Oct. 117/2 It does not take a shrink to see that a man so humanly flawed and artistically inept has got to be a loser. Compounds C1. General attributive, as sense 1b. shrink-proofing n. ΚΠ 1962 J. T. Marsh Self-smoothing Fabrics ii. 11 The work is based fundamentally on the shrinkproofing of wool. shrink-resistance n. ΚΠ 1958 Times 20 Oct. 13/2 This tweed has been woven for the school..and tested for washability, shrink-resistance. 1967 C. R. Shaw & F. Eckersley Cotton xv. 131 (heading) Dimensional stability (shrink resistance). shrink treatment n. ΚΠ 1954 A. J. Hall Standard Handbk. Textiles (ed. 4) v. 280 The well-known London shrink treatment is widely used to remove residual stretch in a wool fabric. C2. shrink-controlled adj. ΚΠ 1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes ii. 31 Controlled sheets of rubber with shrink-controlled material in the centre of the plate. 1969 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Spring–Summer 44/2 Shrink-controlled..cotton. shrink-proof adj. ΚΠ 1928 Observer 1 Apr. 13 Shrinkproof, stretchproof and colourfast. 1965 A. J. Hall Standard Handbk. Textiles (ed. 6) v. 307 In recent years three important shrinkproof treatments have come into use. shrink-resist adj. ΚΠ 1963 A. J. Hall Student's Handbk. Textile Sci. v. 236 (heading) Shrink-resist finishes for cellulose fibre fabrics. shrink-resistant adj. ΚΠ 1946 A. J. Hall Standard Handbk. Textiles v. 275 (caption) Sanforising machine for making fabric shrink resistant in washing. 1973 Times 9 Apr. 6/3 The main terms covered by the new standard will be..‘shrink resistant’, ‘crease shedding’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online September 2019). shrinkv. I. Intransitive senses. a. To wither or shrivel through withdrawal of vital fluid or failure of strength. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > have wasting disease [verb (intransitive)] dwinec1000 shrinkc1000 swindOE wastea1300 pinea1325 rot1340 tapishc1375 wastea1387 consume1495 decaya1538 winder1600 pule1607 moch1818 to run down1826 tabefy1891 the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] > contract or shrink > into wrinkles wizenc890 clinga1000 shrinkc1000 rivelOE snurpc1300 wrinkle1528 warp1579 shrivel1588 pucker1598 shirpc1639 tuck1797 weazen1821 cringle1823 swivel1898 c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iii. ix. §3 Þa for þæm ciele him gescruncan ealle þa ædra.] c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 204 Hy [male and female pennyroyal] blowaþ ðonne nealice oþre wyrta scrincaþ & weorniað. c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 48 Seonuwa fortogene & ða tan scrinceð up. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 411 Þanne his senewes gonne to schrynke [MS. γ schryngke]. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 248 His synewis shronke and withdrewe them. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. i. sig. Hij My chekes that hanged syde downe, do shrynke awaye. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 18v Fruit gatherd to timely..will shrink. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxxii. 32 The children of Israel eate not of the sinewe which shranke . View more context for this quotation b. To pine away. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1139 Þer-fore þu scalt scrinkin [c1300 Otho deȝe]. a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xl. vii Though I in want be shrinking, Yet God on me is thinking. 2. a. To become reduced in size, volume, or extent; esp. to contract through heat, cold, or moisture. Also with up, away. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] > contract or shrink shrimc1000 shrinkc1275 to draw togethera1398 gather1577 coact1578 to fall together1583 draw1615 contract1648 to run up1838 to take up1860 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > cause to move back [verb (transitive)] > move or draw something backwards shrinkc1275 withdrawa1325 retreata1460 retract?a1475 revokea1500 retray1562 revolt1571 back1578 return1594 inshella1616 recede1823 c1275 Sinners Beware 245 in Old Eng. Misc. 80 Heo schule in helle Euer schrinke and swelle. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 347 If..the lethir..were of such kinde that it wolde daili schrinke. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/2 If these bordes shrinke, all my purpose is marred. 1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 143 The grownd on the W. side our new gadong did shrink with the extreme rayne. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cclxvi. 67 We..shrink like Parchment in consuming flame. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. ii. 19 After these waters had rag'd for some time on the Earth, they began to lessen and shrink. 1742 tr. Heister's Gen. Syst. Surg. (1768) II. 10 Those [polypuses] which are recent will sometimes shrink and disappear by repeated Punctuation. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 337 The pyrometric pieces of clay..the more they are heated, the more they shrink in all their dimensions. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) vi. 270 The modern town has very much shrunk within its ancient limits. 1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography 151 When a body of water is cooled, it shrinks in bulk. 1887 H. Caine Deemster III. xl. 198 Sometime a house had stood there, but..it had shrunken in some settlement of the ground. b. Of a textile fabric: To contract when wetted. to shrink in the wetting (chiefly passive): apparently originally said proverbially of cloth manufactured in some northern counties; hence allusively and figuratively of anything that is damaged or depreciated in value. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorated in condition [phrase] to shrink in the wetting1483 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [verb (intransitive)] > other shrink1483 tattera1616 intermat1904 plush1904 1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 Preamble Whiche Clothes so shorn er they be wett..most of werrey necessite shrynk. 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 6 §1 Cloth..which when it shalbe full wette shall shrynke more than oon yerd in all the lenght. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus iv. vi. sig. Uiv It is peryshed .i. it is shrunk in the wetynge. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. iv. f. 102v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I These..ambitious tytles are now decayed and worthily shronke in the wetting. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Riij v To perswade you not to shrinke in the wetting, but like a Kentish cloth..stande inuiolated. 1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes D 1 Three of his sonnes universally ridiculouslie reputed of... The fourth is shrunke in the wetting, or else the Print shoulde haue heard of him. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 1942 The first is merry drunk,..although his braines be somewhat shrunk I' th' wetting. 1653 R. Carpenter (title) The Anabaptist washt and washt, and shrunk in the washing. 1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin iii. 28 'Tis York-shire Cloath, you know, that shrinks i' th' wetting! 1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) A Stuff that shrinks. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 292/1 Patent flannel, which does not shrink in washing. 3. To draw the limbs together, bring the body into a small compass; to cower, huddle together; (of the body) to contract as with pain or cold; (of a plant) to shrivel or curl up under a blasting or withering influence. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > act of drawing body into compact form > drawn into compact form [verb (intransitive)] shrinkc1000 forcrempa1250 squinch1843 scrinch1870 scrunch1884 square1897 scrouge1905 curl1910 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)] falloweOE welka1300 starvec1400 witherc1400 dote?1440 wizena1450 mortifyc1475 vade1492 shrinkc1572 flitter1577 windle1579 shirpc1639 welter1645 welt1854 sickly1882 c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 436 Þa wearð se cyning [viz. Belshazzar] to ðan swiðe afyrht, þæt he eal scranc. c1300 Pol. Songs (Camden) 158 Heo cometh by modered ase a mor-hen, Ant scrynketh for shome. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 449/1 Schrynkyn, rigeo. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/2 Be nat a frayde, I shall shrinke so lowe that he shall nat spye me. c1572 G. Gascoigne Hearbes in Wks. (1869) I. 382 The tender plant..In winter shrinks and shrowdes from euery blast. 1592 N. Breton Pilgrimage to Paradise xiv An vnwildy trunke..With weight whereof, their shoulders often shruncke [printed thruncke]. 1602 W. Leigh Soules Solace in W. Harrison Deaths Advantage (ed. 2) 18 At last shrinking downe againe, he [sc. the sick man] gaue a sigh. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 9 Till I shrinke with cold. View more context for this quotation 1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 38 Distressed Atlas shoulders shrinke with payne. 1680 Revenge; or, Match in Newgate iv. (ad fin.) I'll make him shrink with fear, ere I have done. 1782 W. Cowper Poet, Oyster, & Sensitive Plant 35 When I bend, retire, and shrink. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. iii. 81 Isaac shrunk together, and was silent. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 117 Her small goodman Shrinks in his arm-chair. 1855 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom (ed. 2) iii. 48 If..any point of its surface be rudely touched, the whole body does not immediately shrink. 1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed xiv. 298 Bessie remained in his arms shrinking. 4. a. In immaterial sense: To be contracted or reduced in extent; to be drawn together into certain limits. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] littleOE setc1000 wanzec1175 lessc1225 allayc1275 wane1297 slaken1303 disincreasec1374 slakec1380 decrease1382 debatea1400 unwaxa1400 wastea1400 adminishc1400 lessenc1400 imminish14.. aslakec1405 minish?a1425 assuagec1430 shrinkc1449 to let down1486 decay1489 diminish1520 fall1523 rebate1540 batea1542 to come down1548 abate1560 stoop1572 pine1580 slack1580 scanten1585 shrivel1588 decrew1596 remit1629 contract1648 subside1680 lower1697 relax1701 drop1730 to take off1776 to run down1792 reduce1798 recede1810 to run off1816 to go down1823 attenuatea1834 ease1876 downscale1945 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 347 Bi cause that thilk lijflode wolde continueli schrinke. 1573 G. Gascoigne & F. Kinwelmersh Iocasta ii. i, in G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres sig. Niv When disdayne is shrunke, or sette asyde. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 151 Are all thy Conquests, Glories, Triumphes, Spoiles, Shrunke to this little Measure? View more context for this quotation 1668 J. Dryden Secret-love i. ii. 3 When after all his eagerness of two Minutes before, he shrinks into a faint kiss and a cold complement. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 223 All her Plumes Fall flat and shrink into a trivial toy. View more context for this quotation 1743 R. Blair Grave 37 Each Earth-born Joy grows vile, or disappears, Shrunk to a Thing of Nought. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 85 To make England, inclined to shrink into her narrow self, the Arbitress of Europe. 1856 C. Kingsley Froude's Hist. Eng. in Misc. (1860) II. 36 How the poor soul would shrink back into nothing before that lion eye. 1911 T. S. Holmes Origin Christian Church Gaul iii. 66 This influence increased as the extent of the imperial authority in Gaul steadily shrank. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] withsitc1330 fail1340 defaulta1382 errc1430 to fall (also go) by the wayside1526 misthrive1567 miss1599 to come bad, or no, speedc1600 shrink1608 abortivea1670 maroon1717 to flash in the pan1792 skunk1831 to go to the dickens1833 to miss fire1838 to fall flat1841 fizzle1847 to lose out1858 to fall down1873 to crap out1891 flivver1912 flop1919 skid1920 to lay an egg1929 to blow out1939 to strike out1946 bomb1963 to come (also have) a buster1968 1608 Wotton in Cal. State Papers Ireland 655 He has done well to bring her to Rome, in case all other means should shrink. 5. a. To move backward, retire, or retreat into a cavity, shelter, or place of refuge; to draw oneself or itself in. In first quot. apparently †to sink deep. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > draw itself or oneself in shrinkc1400 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > sink > deep shrinkc1400 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come into [verb (transitive)] > backwards shrink?1521 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2313 Þe scharp schrank to þe flesche þurȝ þe schyre grece. 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 1837 Lych hornys of a lytell snayl, Wych..for a lytel strawh wyl shrynke. ?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. Biiijv Ye trees whan they be wydred and theyr leues shaken from them and all the moystour shronke in to ye rote. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 54/2 A nother let flee at the Lorde Standley which shronke at the stroke..as shortely as he shranke, yet ranne the blood aboute hys eares. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 287 This done, our Ladye shranke againe into her shryne. 1606 J. Marston Parasitaster iv. G 4 b Her sometimes enuious lips, now shrink in, and giue her nose and her chin leaue to kisse each other. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 710 A twigge..growing vp to a yong tree: which when they offered to pluck vp, it shrunke downe into the ground. 1627 W. Hawkins Apollo Shroving iii. i. 37 Shrinke in while I buckle it, that you may bee gaunt and fine in the wast. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 91 Teach me..Why flowing Tides prevail upon the Main, And in what dark Recess they shrink again. View more context for this quotation 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 44 Till I shrink into my cell again for terror of the sound! 1826 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) ii. xi. 330 The eye then shrinks into the orbit. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Poet's Mind 37 It [a fountain] would shrink to the earth if you came in. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > become detached [verb (intransitive)] skilla1200 unjoinc1390 to come away1575 uncleave1578 to come off1580 separate1638 shrink1688 detach1842 unship1867 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 355/2 The side of a Timber House shrunk from its Mortesses. 6. a. To withdraw from a place or position, esp. in a secret or furtive manner; to turn aside, away, back, etc. furtively or nimbly; to slip or slink away. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away quietly or stealthily steal1154 to steal one's wayc1385 skew?a1400 astealc1400 fleetc1400 slip?c1450 shrink1530 flinch1563 shift1594 foist1603 shab1699 slope1851 smuggle1865 sneak1896 mope1914 to oil out1945 14.. Sir Beues (Sutherl.) 1857 Fro þe ȝates he wyl not shrynke, Tyl he haue both mete and drynke. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/2 He craked afore we came hyther that he wolde do marvaylles, but nowe he is shronke asyde no man can tell whyther. 1582 Bible (Rheims) John v. 13 Iesvs shronke aside from the multitude. 1587 T. Underdowne tr. Heliodorus Æthiop. Hist. (1895) 202 When shee had thus done, shee woulde have shrunke away. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 1038 The Hungarians were almost all shrunke home. 1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles i. i Gost. Who was that Shrunke at my entry here?.. Ryn. He shrunke not, sir, his busines call'd him hence. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 255 They took it, and shrunk away so in the throng, I could never hear more of it. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed ii, in Tales Crusaders I. 34 He shrunk from the hall to the seclusion of his own convent. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vii. v. 361 Mayor Bailly,..gladly shrinks within doors. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xlvii. 419 After she had borne a couple of sons, [she] shrank away into a life of devout seclusion. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose [verb (intransitive)] > withdraw from an engagement or promise starta1450 fang1522 recidivate1528 to draw back1572 flinch1578 to shrink collar1579 retract1616 to shrink out of the collar1636 renege1651 to fly off1667 to slip (the) collarc1677 to declare off1749 to cry off1775 to back out1807 to fight off1833 crawfish1848 welsh1871 to pull out1884 1636 R. Basset in tr. G. A. de Paoli Lives Rom. Emperors 383 Some powerfull Protestant commanders..who shrunk out of the coller of obedience. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 7 May (1974) VIII. 204 Sir W. Pen like a false rogue shrinking out of the collar..so that the whole odium must fall on me. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow fitfully shrink1627 snuffle1633 winnow1801 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 39 The wind shrinkes, that is, when you must take in the Spretsaile, and get the tacks aboord. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 10 The Winds shrank upon us from off the Coast of Ginea. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 21 When the Gale of good Fortune shrinks, he alters his Course. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 36 The Wind shrinking, and blowing off the Island in Squals. 7. a. To draw back or give way so as to avoid physical contact or conflict; to recoil through physical weakness or lack of courage or with abhorrence from. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > shrink or flinch fikec1220 wincha1250 withshontec1450 shrink1513 squitch1570 blanch1572 shruga1577 to shrink in the neck1581 wink1605 budgea1616 shy1650 shudder1668 flincha1677 wincea1748 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. viii. 115 Pallas, nocht schrynkand for the mortale dynt. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clx Notwithstandyng that the Romaynes shot great ordinaunces,..yet the Imperiall persones neuer shranke, but manly entered the Bulwarke. 1656 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 265 He put out his tongue very willingly, but shrinked a little when the iron came upon his forehead. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. v. 237 It is shamefull for a King to boast at Table, and shrink in fight. 1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 49 Shrinking from the spoiler's hand, Far, far away, thy children leave the land. 1794 M. Wollstonecraft Hist. & Moral View of Origin & Progress French Revol. 133 Is it then surprising, that a very desirable woman, with a sanguine constitution, should shrink abhorrent from his embraces? 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. vii. 146 Wherever he went, the enemy shrunk before him. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. iv. 85 She shrunk back from his grasp. 1862 C. S. Calverley Verses & Transl. (1894) 64 Streets, which foot of traveller shrinks from, As on hot plates shrinks the bear. 1892 S. R. Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 14 The soldiers were terrified and shrunk back. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > collapse founder1489 sink1530 shrink1590 subside1678 collapse1732 blow1783 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xii. sig. Oo3 He..Nycely trode, as thornes lay in his way Or that the flore to shrinke he did auyse And on a broken reed he still did stay, His feeble steps, which shrunck, when hard thereon he lay. c1610–15 tr. St. Gregory of Nyssa Life St. Macrina in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 194 Reason being conquered by the excesse of sorrowe shruncke. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iv. 19 The ground shrinkes before his Treading. View more context for this quotation 1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 128 Our new wall..shronk soe it was this day..puld downe. 8. a. To refuse or hesitate to act in the face of anything irksome, grievous, horrible, or distasteful; to recoil mentally or morally. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)] > avoid > shrink or recoil wondec897 blencha1250 shunta1250 scurnc1325 blenka1330 blinka1400 startc1400 shrink1508 blanch1572 swerve1573 shruga1577 flinch1578 recoil1582 budgea1616 shucka1620 smay1632 blunk1655 shudder1668 resile1678 skew1678 reluctate1833 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cviv Ye sege yt schrenkis for na schame ye schent might hym schend. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 153 The telȝouris hairt a littill schrenkit. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxii. 8 His herte is stablished, he wil not shrencke. a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye Ded., in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 514 I will then shrinke for no paynes untill I have..touched all the common places of mans perylous pleasures. a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1634) 300 A man perhaps will beare many things for Religion, but if it come to death, there he shrinkes. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 513 Fancy shrinks..at the thought Of such a gulph as he design'd his grave. 1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais liii. 24 Why linger, why turn back, why shrink, my Heart? 1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 515 There was much which might make good men shrink and hesitate. b. frequently const. from (often governing a gerund). ΚΠ ?1566 J. Phillip Commodye Pacient & Meeke Grissill sig. D.iiiiv No Tarquins knight, ne Appian now, Shall cause mee shrinke from duetie due. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 311/30 To cause him suerue or schrink fre ony pairt of his faitht in Christ Jessus. a1771 T. Gray Agrippina in Poems (1775) 130 Then was the time To shrink from danger. 1813 Sketches of Character (ed. 2) I. i I am convinced there are many, who would shrink from coming out in the manner you have described. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian To Rdr. in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 5 Who hath cumbered the world with his devices, but shrunken from the responsibility thereof. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1875) III. 115 There was no sacrifice from which French policy so instinctively shrank. 1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon I. 285 Opinions, which he never shrunk from expressing. 1912 Times 19 Oct. 7/4 The policy of exclusion from which the Board of Agriculture has shrunk. c. const. at. ΚΠ 1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 431 If thou perceyve any man to shrynke at death when it commeth. a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Qqq2v/1 I have seen him do such things, beliefe would shrinke at. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 215 What happier Natures shrink at with Affright. 1780 Mirror No. 71 That delicacy which made him..shrink at the idea of asking a pecuniary favour. 1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous vii*, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. IV. 201 The abbot would not shrink at inflicting upon me the death due to an apostate nun. 1839 T. Hood John Day xiv At last he made a vow To break his being's link; For he was so reduced in size At nothing he could shrink. d. const. infinitive. ΚΠ 1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre ii. lxxiii. sig. L viijv For the encrease of his renowme, they wyll not shrynke: to bestowe and spende theyr lyfe. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Cor. xv. f. xliii Nor shrynke ye to take paynes. 1607 T. Heywood Woman Kilde with Kindnesse sig. G2 He would not shrinke to spend a thousand pound, To giue the Mountfords name so deep a wound. 1869 F. W. Newman Misc. 107 Novelists do not shrink to tell the form of a hero or heroine's features. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 23 Would I shrink to learn my life-time's limit—days, weeks, months or years? ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > undutifulness > [verb (intransitive)] > by deserting shrink1553 defect1596 desert1689 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose [verb (intransitive)] > desert one's party or principles declinec1374 starta1450 revert?a1525 to fall away1535 to turn (one's) tippet1546 revolt1549 shrink1553 to turn one's coat1565 to come over1576 apostate1596 to change (one's) sides1596 defect1596 renegade1611 to change foot1618 to run over1643 to face about1645 apostatize1648 tergiverse1675 tergiversate1678 desert1689 apostasize1696 renegado1731 rat1810 to cross the floor1822 turncoat1892 to take (the) soup1907 turn1977 1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 62 Your Sister would not dooe her duetie, but shranke awaie. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxiij They can not forsake nor shrynke from the true doctrine. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclxxvjv Whan he was gone, the fellowes of that conspiracie, shranke away immediatly. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. vi. xlii. 118 Such as shrinked were to be vpholden and cured. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 176 Ile plaie the ease dropper, To see if any meane to shrinke from me. View more context for this quotation II. Transitive (mainly causative) senses. 10. a. To cause to contract or be reduced in size, volume, or extent; to cause to contract by moisture, heat, or cold; to cause (a limb, sinew, plant) to wither or (the skin) to wrinkle. Also with up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > contract or shrink inknitc1374 drawc1390 shrinka1398 strain1398 to shorten up1530 contrahe1540 to gather up1553 to draw in1572 contract1604 constringe1652 purse1668 constrain1697 undistend1868 collapse1908 the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle frounce1390 shrinka1398 rivel1543 irrugate1566 wrinkle1566 plough1590 wrinklec1590 furrow1597 purse1598 ruge1615 trench1624 lirkc1686 seam1695 line1819 wrink1821 engrain1862 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. cxxxv. 804 Þereynne bredeþ no venyme but an herbe þat hatte apium risus þat draweþ and shrinkeþ iawes of men. a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 62 Ellez walld þai schrenk þe stomake. 1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Diiv I loue no launders that shrynke my gere in wettynge. 1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle iii. sig. E4v Let them..Start at a shadow, and shrinke vp their bloud. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iii. ii. 156 To shrinke mine Arme vp like a wither'd Shrub. View more context for this quotation 1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 24 in Justa Edouardo King Return, Alpheus, the dread voice is past That shrunk thy streams. 1646 R. Crashaw Sospetto d'Herode xxii, in Steps to Temple 58 That the Great Angell-blinding light should shrinke His blaze, to shine in a poore Shepheards eye. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 155 If the Rain wet them, instead of shrinking them, it will swell them. 1680 C. Ness Compl. Church-hist. 172 God shrank his sinews, and makes him stand like an antick statue. 1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 17 Alom-Stypticks with contracting Power Shrink his thin Essence like a rivell'd Flower. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Mariana in South in Poems (new ed.) 23 The steady glare Shrank the sick olive sere and small. 1866 R. Redgrave & S. Redgrave Cent. Painters II. 602 The moisture of the paste shrinks the spot of canvas to which it is applied. 1875 F. T. Buckland Log-bk. Fisherman 57 A human head which has by some process or other been shrunk to about the size of a large orange. b. spec. To treat (a textile material) with water so that it may not shrink after it is made up. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > shrink shrink1856 preshrink1905 1856 S. Warner Hills of Shatemuc xii They [socks] wouldn't want shrinking. 1883 ‘Sylvia’ Lady's Guide Dressmaking 122 Braid is the best trimming for..frocks. It should always be ‘shrunk’ before being put on the dress. c. Mechanics. To cause (a piece, e.g. the tyre of a wheel, the jacket of a cannon) to be fixed tightly on (to) another (which it is intended to fit) by heating it, slipping it into place when sufficiently expanded, and then rapidly cooling it. Also with on (adv.) and occasionally absol. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > contract or shrink > put on by shrinking shrink1839 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)] > adhere to > cause to adhere > by shrinking shrink1839 1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 449/1 To make the wheel in the usual way and then shrink the railway tire..upon it. 1861 Russell in Times 26 Oct. A simple..piece of artillery, with a thick iron band shrunk on over the breach. 1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 June 2/1 Krupp began with solid guns and found himself obliged to come to the English system of building up guns by the shrinking on of hoops. At the present time France, Germany, Italy, and Russia shrink as we do. d. transferred. To reduce in number. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > reduce in quantity or number thinc1440 depopulate1545 shorten1604 disquantity1608 waste1617 dequantitate1646 paucify1648 castrate1728 shrink1832 1832 C. M. Goodridge Narr. Voy. South Seas 65 We endeavoured to shrink them [sc. mice] by destroying immense quantities. 11. To draw (the body, the limbs, oneself) into a smaller compass. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > act of drawing body into compact form > drawn into compact form [verb (transitive)] shrinkc1374 shrug1603 mitch1612 huddle1755 scrunch1844 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) i. pr. i. 5 Sche constreynede and schronk hir seluen lyche to þe comune mesure of men. 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 31 Her Alabastrine well-shap't Limbs she shrinks. 1649 W. Davenant Love & Honour ii. ii The chaste Indian plant, That shrinks and curles his bashfull leaves at the Approach of man. 1694 J. Collier Misc. iii. 6 A modest Man, if he was somewhat taller than his Neighbours, would chuse to shrink himself into the Dimensions of the Company. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 303. ¶13 The Multitude and Rabble of Spirits immediately shrunk themselves into a small Compass. 1875 W. Morris tr. Virgil Æneids xii. 861 Her body huge she shrank. 12. In immaterial sense: To reduce to smaller limits or compass. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] littleeOE anitherOE wanzelOE lessc1225 slakea1300 littenc1300 aslakec1314 adminisha1325 allayc1330 settle1338 low1340 minisha1382 reprovea1382 abatea1398 rebatea1398 subtlea1398 alaskia1400 forlyten?a1400 imminish14.. lessenc1410 diminish1417 repress?a1425 assuagec1430 scarcec1440 small1440 underslakec1440 alessa1450 debate?c1450 batec1460 decreasec1470 appetisse1474 alow1494 mince1499 perswage?1504 remita1513 inless?1521 attenuate1530 weaken1530 defray1532 mitigate1532 minorate1534 narrow?1548 diminuec1550 extenuate1555 amain1578 exolve1578 base1581 dejecta1586 amoinder1588 faint1598 qualify1604 contract1605 to pull down1607 shrivel1609 to take down1610 disaugment1611 impoverish1611 shrink1628 decoct1629 persway1631 unflame1635 straiten1645 depress1647 reduce1649 detract1654 minuate1657 alloy1661 lower?1662 sinka1684 retreat1690 nip1785 to drive down1840 minify1866 to knock down1867 to damp down1869 scale1887 mute1891 clip1938 to roll back1942 to cut back1943 downscale1945 downrate1958 slim1963 downshift1972 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. vii. sig. H8v 'Tis the sawcie seruant, that causes the Lord to shrinke his descending fauours. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 24 That were a phrase to shrink the glorious omnipresence of God speaking, into a kind of circumscriptive absence. 1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Purgatorio ix. 44 Thy strength Shrink not, but rise dilated. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. ii. 12 Logical cobwebbery shrinks itself together. 1891 J. Martineau Ess., Rev., & Addr. IV. Pref. If to the dwarfed and altered thought I had tried to shrink the grand old language. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > cause to move back [verb (transitive)] shrinkc1374 back1781 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 300 And þough he erst hadde poured vp and doun, He was þo glad his hornes yn to shrynke. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. 2199 Cometh Schame anoon..And causeth Loue hornys for to schrynke. 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iii. i The cheerefull Cock..Doth sing to see how Cynthia shrinks her horne. 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. B1 I will make you shrinke your snailie hornes. View more context for this quotation 1608 D. Tuvill Ess. Politicke, & Morall f. 57v The Lyon is a Lyon, though he shrink vp his clawes. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 24 My wretched..soule may provoke thee to shrinke in thy graces. 1642 J. Vicars God in Mount 84 The rest (who more wisely shrunk-in their heads, and recanted their former oversight). 1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xxii, in Poems 10 The Libyc Hammon shrinks his horn. 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iii. i. 35 The Devil..puts out his Horns to doe a mischief, and then shrinks 'em back for safety, like a Snail into her shell. 1713 E. Young Poem on Last Day ii. 42 To make the Sun shrink in his Beam. 14. a. To draw (the head, the hand, etc.) aside, back, or away in a furtive, ashamed, or retiring manner. Now rare. ΚΠ 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) x. 257 Whan bayard sawe Mawgis, he began to shrynke his eeres [Fr. etreindre les oreilles]. 1575 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. (1907) I. 65 To sitte a side and shrinke His harbraind head with out dame dainties dore. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) iii. 166 b He had shrunke his head out of the coller of those insupportable paines. ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xx. 455 Thus snatcht he..a Neats foot, And threw it at Vlysses: who, his head Shrunke quietly aside. 1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. iii. 84 The Riuer..Shrunke his graue head, beneath his siluer waues. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Lovers Progres i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kkkv/2 We made them shun us, And shrink their rugged heads. 1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians I. iv. 79 She shrank her hand back. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > shrink or flinch fikec1220 wincha1250 withshontec1450 shrink1513 squitch1570 blanch1572 shruga1577 to shrink in the neck1581 wink1605 budgea1616 shy1650 shudder1668 flincha1677 wincea1748 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) iii. 124 One of them asked him what she was: who poore man shrinking in his neck, said he knew her not. 1705 J. Collier Ess. Moral Subj.: Pt. III i. 13 When did they refuse to lay their Throat fair, or shrink in their Neck at the dispatching blow? ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > loathe or abhor [verb (intransitive)] wlatec1000 reckc1300 loathec1430 to shrink up (occasionally in) one's shoulders1605 nauseate1657 society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > other gestures > [verb (intransitive)] > shrug shrug1587 to shrink up (occasionally in) one's shoulders1605 1605 H. Wotton in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) I. 336 They shrink up the shoulder, as if it were a greater matter than we are aware of. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. xxv. 48 Amongst others that shrink in the shoulders at it. 1676 Pacquet Advices to Men of Shaftesbury 76 If ye talk of State-Commodities, they shrink the shoulder, and say nothing. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 291 He shrunk up his Shoulders at it. 1720 D. Defoe Capt. Singleton (1840) iv. 61 They shrunk up their shoulders, as Frenchmen do. a. To shun, avoid. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun overboweOE bibughOE fleea1000 forbowa1000 ashun1000 befleec1000 beflyc1175 bischunc1200 withbuwe?c1225 waive1303 eschew1340 refuse1357 astartc1374 sparec1380 shuna1382 void1390 declinea1400 forbeara1400 shurna1400 avoidc1450 umbeschewc1485 shewe1502 evite1503 devoid1509 shrink1513 schew?a1534 devite1549 fly1552 abstract1560 evitate1588 estrange1613 cut1791 shy1802 skulk1835 side-slip1930 to walk away from1936 punt1969 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid viii. Prol. 61 The schipman schrenkis the schour, and settis to schore. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 34 In this last byckring I shrunck no danger or hazard. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 392 Gratianus..as yet but a stripling..shrunke not five souldiors. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xvii. 118/2 A man resolued to abide the utmost hazard of Battle, and not to shrink his aduersary. b. to shrink collar: = 6b. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose [verb (intransitive)] > withdraw from an engagement or promise starta1450 fang1522 recidivate1528 to draw back1572 flinch1578 to shrink collar1579 retract1616 to shrink out of the collar1636 renege1651 to fly off1667 to slip (the) collarc1677 to declare off1749 to cry off1775 to back out1807 to fight off1833 crawfish1848 welsh1871 to pull out1884 1579–80 T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (1595) 907 He began..to rowse himselfe, and to lift vp his head: but he shrunke choller againe soone after. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away from [verb (transitive)] leaveeOE beleavea1250 devoidc1325 voidc1330 roomc1400 wagc1400 departa1425 refusea1425 avoid1447 ishc1450 remove1459 absent1488 part1496 refrain1534 to turn the backc1540 quita1568 apart1574 shrink1594 to fall from ——1600 to draw away1616 to go off ——a1630 shifta1642 untenant1795 evacuate1809 exit1830 stash1888 split1956 society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart from or leave [verb (transitive)] leaveeOE beleavea1250 devoidc1325 voidc1330 to pass out ofa1398 roomc1400 departa1425 avoid1447 ishc1450 part1496 quita1568 shrink1594 shifta1642 to turn out of ——1656 refraina1723 blow1902 1594 J. Lyly Mother Bombie iv. ii. sig. G3 Thou knowest wee are towne borne children, and wil not shrinke the citie. Compounds shrink film n. = shrink-wrap n. at shrink-wrapping n. Derivatives. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > plastic > wrapping film film1917 plastic film1939 plastic wrap1949 shrink-wrap1961 shrink film1967 Saran Wrap1968 cling film1975 1967 Times Rev. Industry May 76/3 Shrink film: as a replacement for fibre-board cartons in containing canned and bottled goods during distribution. 1969 L. S. Mounts in W. R. R. Park Plastics Film Technol. v. 124 Shrink films are sealed by special point sealers, hot wire..or impulse. shrink fit n. = shrinkage fit n. at shrinkage n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > [noun] > adhesion > shrinkage fit shrink fit1882 shrinkage fit1895 1882 Amer. Machinist 8 Apr. 9/1 How much should be allowed in making a shrink fit of a wrought iron crank to the shaft? 1941 L. S. Marks Mech. Engineers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 923 Shrink fits are used in places where a force fit would be difficult to assemble, as for example, locomotive wheel tires. 1970 K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook i. 16/1 The starter ring is a shrink-fit on the flywheel. shrink-ring n. a ring of metal that is shrunk on; a ring in a structure that bears the strain of expansion and shrinkage. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > annular quality > ring > shrunk on shrink-ring1903 1903 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 32 419 Well-made shrink-ring jointed cast-steel flywheels. 1903 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 32 410 To cast the boss in sections and have two very heavy shrink rings round the boss. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
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