bivouacn.

/ˈbɪvwak/

/ˈbɪvuːak/

Forms: 1700s biouac, bihovac, biovac, 1800s bivuack, bivouack, ( bivouake), bivouaque, 1700s– bivouac.

Etymology: In Dictionaries since c1700, but hardly in use before the French War: < French bivouac, bivac, generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War. It has with probability been referred to a dialectal (Swiss) German beiwacht, according to Stalder, Versuch eines Schweizerischen Idiotikon (1812) II. 426, used in Aargau and Zürich to denote the patrol of citizens (Schaarwache) added (beigegeben) to assist the ordinary town watch by night at any time of special commotion. This remaining of a large body of men under arms all night explains the original sense of bivouac.

1. Military. Originally, a night-watch by a whole army under arms, to prevent surprise; now, a temporary encampment of troops in the field with only the accidental shelter of the place, without tents, etc.; also the place of such encampment.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > action or duty of sentry or picket > [noun] > night-watch

bivouac1706

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > encamping > camp > temporary or without tents

bivouac1811

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Biouac or Bihovac, an extraordinary Guard perform'd by the whole Army, when..it..continues all night under Arms..to prevent Surprize, etc. To Raise the Biovac, is to return the Army to their Tents, or Huts, some time after break of Day.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Biouac, bivouac, biovac..is formed by corruption from the German weywacht, a double watch or guard; Trevoux.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Biovac, bihovac, bivouac [as in Phillips]. ‘Not in use.’

1772 T. Simes Mil. Guide Biovac, a night guard, performed by the whole army, when there is any danger from the enemy.

1811 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VIII. 21 The bivouac which Hill quitted this morning appears to be an excellent situation for the cavalry to-morrow.

1813 Examiner 7 June 356/1 (transl. from French) The army had taken its bivouaques.

1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru I. iii. viii. 509 Almagro, afraid of stumbling on the enemy's bivouac.

1885 Times 16 May 7/1 Our troops recrossed..and went into bivouac.

figurative.1839 H. W. Longfellow Psalm of Life v In the world's broad field of battle, In the bivouac of Life.

2. transferred. An encampment for the night in the open air; a camping out.

ΘΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > camping or encamping > [noun] > without tent

bivouac1853

siwashing1904

1853 T. De Quincey Spanish Mil. Nun §6. 11 Withered leaves, which furnished to Kate her very first bivouac.

1872 C. King Mountaineering in Sierra Nevada iii. 49 Morning dawned brightly upon our bivouac among a cluster of dark firs.

Draft additions March 2006

bivouac bag n. Mountaineering a waterproof sleeping bag used outdoors instead of a tent; cf. bivvy bag n. at bivvy n. Additions.

ΚΠ

1963 S. Styles Necklace of Glaciers iii. 41 A more elaborate alternative is the nylon bivouac bag to house two climbers, which is in effect a simple tent that could be slung on a rock-face.

1995 Independent 6 Feb. 5/5 We knew what the survival procedures were. We dug a snow hole and got inside our bivouac bags.

Draft additions March 2006

bivouac sack n. Mountaineering = bivouac bag n. at Additions.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [noun] > sleeping bag

fleabag1811

body bag1885

bedroll1910

fart sack1943

bivouac sack1961

bivvy bag1982

1961 H. I. Mandolf Basic Mountaineering 12 Recently a ‘bivouac tent’ weighing slightly over one pound has become available... Also available is a ‘bivouac sack’, somewhat larger and suitable for two people.

1995 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 22 Jan. 1 b They avoided a $10-a-night hut and decided to sleep in the open in bivouac sacks.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

bivouacv.

Etymology: < bivouac n.

1. Military. Of troops: To remain, esp. during the night, in the open air, without tents or covering. Also to be bivouacked: to be so posted or disposed.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > take up quarters [verb (intransitive)] > encamp > without tents

bivouac1809

1809 J. Moore To Ld. Castlereagh 13 Jan. In two forced marches, bivouacing for six or eight hours in the rain, I reached Betanzos on the 10th instant.

1815 J. W. Croker in L. J. Jennings Croker Papers (1884) I. iii. 61 The Carrousel, where about 2000 Prussians are bivouacked.

1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxii. 180 As if the British army were bivouacked on the Hog's Back.

2. transferred. To rest or pass the night in the open air.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > overnight > in the open air

bivouac1814

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. i. 8 These distinguished personages bivouacked among the flowery heath, wrapped up in their plaids.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §3. 29 That night we bivouacked together.

Derivatives

ˈbivouacking n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > encamping > camp > temporary or without tents > fact of occupying

bivouacking1812

1812 Examiner 7 Dec. 771/2 Night bivouacings are very injurious.

1861 C. J. Andersson Okavango River xvii. 192 We could not have selected a worse spot for bivouacking.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bivouac
释义	bivouacn. /ˈbɪvwak//ˈbɪvuːak/ Forms: 1700s biouac, bihovac, biovac, 1800s bivuack, bivouack, ( bivouake), bivouaque, 1700s– bivouac. Etymology: In Dictionaries since c1700, but hardly in use before the French War: < French bivouac, bivac, generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War. It has with probability been referred to a dialectal (Swiss) German beiwacht, according to Stalder, Versuch eines Schweizerischen Idiotikon (1812) II. 426, used in Aargau and Zürich to denote the patrol of citizens (Schaarwache) added (beigegeben) to assist the ordinary town watch by night at any time of special commotion. This remaining of a large body of men under arms all night explains the original sense of bivouac. 1. Military. Originally, a night-watch by a whole army under arms, to prevent surprise; now, a temporary encampment of troops in the field with only the accidental shelter of the place, without tents, etc.; also the place of such encampment. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > action or duty of sentry or picket > [noun] > night-watch bivouac1706 society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > encamping > camp > temporary or without tents bivouac1811 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Biouac or Bihovac, an extraordinary Guard perform'd by the whole Army, when..it..continues all night under Arms..to prevent Surprize, etc. To Raise the Biovac, is to return the Army to their Tents, or Huts, some time after break of Day. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Biouac, bivouac, biovac..is formed by corruption from the German weywacht, a double watch or guard; Trevoux. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Biovac, bihovac, bivouac [as in Phillips]. ‘Not in use.’ 1772 T. Simes Mil. Guide Biovac, a night guard, performed by the whole army, when there is any danger from the enemy. 1811 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VIII. 21 The bivouac which Hill quitted this morning appears to be an excellent situation for the cavalry to-morrow. 1813 Examiner 7 June 356/1 (transl. from French) The army had taken its bivouaques. 1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru I. iii. viii. 509 Almagro, afraid of stumbling on the enemy's bivouac. 1885 Times 16 May 7/1 Our troops recrossed..and went into bivouac. figurative.1839 H. W. Longfellow Psalm of Life v In the world's broad field of battle, In the bivouac of Life. 2. transferred. An encampment for the night in the open air; a camping out. ΘΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > camping or encamping > [noun] > without tent bivouac1853 siwashing1904 1853 T. De Quincey Spanish Mil. Nun §6. 11 Withered leaves, which furnished to Kate her very first bivouac. 1872 C. King Mountaineering in Sierra Nevada iii. 49 Morning dawned brightly upon our bivouac among a cluster of dark firs. Draft additions March 2006 bivouac bag n. Mountaineering a waterproof sleeping bag used outdoors instead of a tent; cf. bivvy bag n. at bivvy n. Additions. ΚΠ 1963 S. Styles Necklace of Glaciers iii. 41 A more elaborate alternative is the nylon bivouac bag to house two climbers, which is in effect a simple tent that could be slung on a rock-face. 1995 Independent 6 Feb. 5/5 We knew what the survival procedures were. We dug a snow hole and got inside our bivouac bags. Draft additions March 2006 bivouac sack n. Mountaineering = bivouac bag n. at Additions. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [noun] > sleeping bag fleabag1811 body bag1885 bedroll1910 fart sack1943 bivouac sack1961 bivvy bag1982 1961 H. I. Mandolf Basic Mountaineering 12 Recently a ‘bivouac tent’ weighing slightly over one pound has become available... Also available is a ‘bivouac sack’, somewhat larger and suitable for two people. 1995 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 22 Jan. 1 b They avoided a $10-a-night hut and decided to sleep in the open in bivouac sacks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021). bivouacv. Etymology: < bivouac n. 1. Military. Of troops: To remain, esp. during the night, in the open air, without tents or covering. Also to be bivouacked: to be so posted or disposed. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > take up quarters [verb (intransitive)] > encamp > without tents bivouac1809 1809 J. Moore To Ld. Castlereagh 13 Jan. In two forced marches, bivouacing for six or eight hours in the rain, I reached Betanzos on the 10th instant. 1815 J. W. Croker in L. J. Jennings Croker Papers (1884) I. iii. 61 The Carrousel, where about 2000 Prussians are bivouacked. 1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxii. 180 As if the British army were bivouacked on the Hog's Back. 2. transferred. To rest or pass the night in the open air. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > overnight > in the open air bivouac1814 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. i. 8 These distinguished personages bivouacked among the flowery heath, wrapped up in their plaids. View more context for this quotation 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §3. 29 That night we bivouacked together. Derivatives ˈbivouacking n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > encamping > camp > temporary or without tents > fact of occupying bivouacking1812 1812 Examiner 7 Dec. 771/2 Night bivouacings are very injurious. 1861 C. J. Andersson Okavango River xvii. 192 We could not have selected a worse spot for bivouacking. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1706v.1809
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