accumulatedadj.

Brit.

/əˈkjuːmjᵿleɪtᵻd/, U.S.

/əˈkjum(j)əˌleɪdᵻd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: accumulate v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < accumulate v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare earlier accumulate adj.

That has accumulated or been accumulated; heaped up, collected, amassed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adjective] > collecting into one mass or body > accumulated

cumulate1535

amassed1601

accumulated1617

cumulated1642

saved1834

the mind > possession > supply > storage > [adjective] > stored > collected and stored

heaped1402

collected1735

accumulated1781

upgathered1883

1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Accumulated, Accumulating, Heaped, and Heaping together.

1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix i. iv. iii. 338 A stinking rottennesse of many accumulated Frogges.

a1695 C. O'Kelly Macariæ Excidium in T. C. Croker Narr. Contests Ireland (1841) 97 His good fortune to have retired before such accumulated misfortunes happened to his country.

1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 30 Accumulated perils thus arise.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 144 To enrich his army with the accumulated spoils of three hundred triumphs.

1809 Gentleman's Mag. June 589/1 He was admitted to the accumulated degrees of B. and D. M. at Oxford.

1850 D. Thomas Crisis of Being i. 2 The past has given to you its accumulated experiences to study.

1860 C. Dickens Let. 4 Sept. (1997) IX. 304 Yesterday I burnt..the accumulated letters and papers of twenty years.

1901 Geogr. Jrnl. 18 517 The elevation of the land caused an ice-sheet to form gradually over it until the surface was depressed, isostatically, by the weight of accumulated ice.

1974 A. Davis Autobiogr. iv. 279 I don't think I realized how wracked he must have been by that decade of accumulated frustrations.

2009 Nature 23 Apr. 978/1 That figure roughly corresponds to 28–37% of the accumulated CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels during that time.

Compounds

accumulated temperature n. Meteorology and Botany the average temperature or excess temperature over a period multiplied by the number of days in the period; the sum over a month or other period of the amounts by which the mean temperature each day exceeds a particular base value.Thus if the average daily temperature during a week were successively 10°C, 12°C, 13°C, 16°C, 16°C, 15°C, 15°C, the accumulated temperature would be 97°C; with reference to a base temperature of 6°C, the excesses are 4, 6, 7, 10, 10, 9, 9, and the accumulated temperature is 4 + 6 + 7 + 10 + 10 + 9 + 9, i.e. 55 degrees.The concept was used without being named by J. B. Boussingault 1837, in Comptes rendus hebd. de l'Acad des Sci. 4 178; it was taken up in A. de Candolle Géogr. bot. raisonnée (1855) I. iv. 25, vi. 45, etc., which uses French somme des températures.

ΚΠ

1856 Proc. Meteorol. Soc. 2 10 The accumulated temperature, obtained by multiplying the mean temperature by the number of days in each month.

1884 Meteorol. Off. Weekly Weather Rep. p. iv The Accumulated Temperature is expressed in ‘Day-degrees’,—a Day-degree signifying 1° F. of excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° F. continued for 24 hours.

1992 Grasslands & Grassland Sci. Northern China (Nat. Res. Council, U.S.) 40 Northwest Tibet has a growing period of only 60-90 days and an accumulated temperature of less than 500°C.

2006 P. J. Gregory Plant Roots v. 133 The number of axes was plotted as a function of the accumulated temperature at the shoot meristem using a T_b of 12°C.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	accumulated
释义	accumulatedadj. Brit. /əˈkjuːmjᵿleɪtᵻd/, U.S. /əˈkjum(j)əˌleɪdᵻd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: accumulate v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < accumulate v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare earlier accumulate adj. That has accumulated or been accumulated; heaped up, collected, amassed. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adjective] > collecting into one mass or body > accumulated cumulate1535 amassed1601 accumulated1617 cumulated1642 saved1834 the mind > possession > supply > storage > [adjective] > stored > collected and stored heaped1402 collected1735 accumulated1781 upgathered1883 1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Accumulated, Accumulating, Heaped, and Heaping together. 1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix i. iv. iii. 338 A stinking rottennesse of many accumulated Frogges. a1695 C. O'Kelly Macariæ Excidium in T. C. Croker Narr. Contests Ireland (1841) 97 His good fortune to have retired before such accumulated misfortunes happened to his country. 1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 30 Accumulated perils thus arise. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 144 To enrich his army with the accumulated spoils of three hundred triumphs. 1809 Gentleman's Mag. June 589/1 He was admitted to the accumulated degrees of B. and D. M. at Oxford. 1850 D. Thomas Crisis of Being i. 2 The past has given to you its accumulated experiences to study. 1860 C. Dickens Let. 4 Sept. (1997) IX. 304 Yesterday I burnt..the accumulated letters and papers of twenty years. 1901 Geogr. Jrnl. 18 517 The elevation of the land caused an ice-sheet to form gradually over it until the surface was depressed, isostatically, by the weight of accumulated ice. 1974 A. Davis Autobiogr. iv. 279 I don't think I realized how wracked he must have been by that decade of accumulated frustrations. 2009 Nature 23 Apr. 978/1 That figure roughly corresponds to 28–37% of the accumulated CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels during that time. Compounds accumulated temperature n. Meteorology and Botany the average temperature or excess temperature over a period multiplied by the number of days in the period; the sum over a month or other period of the amounts by which the mean temperature each day exceeds a particular base value.Thus if the average daily temperature during a week were successively 10°C, 12°C, 13°C, 16°C, 16°C, 15°C, 15°C, the accumulated temperature would be 97°C; with reference to a base temperature of 6°C, the excesses are 4, 6, 7, 10, 10, 9, 9, and the accumulated temperature is 4 + 6 + 7 + 10 + 10 + 9 + 9, i.e. 55 degrees.The concept was used without being named by J. B. Boussingault 1837, in Comptes rendus hebd. de l'Acad des Sci. 4 178; it was taken up in A. de Candolle Géogr. bot. raisonnée (1855) I. iv. 25, vi. 45, etc., which uses French somme des températures. ΚΠ 1856 Proc. Meteorol. Soc. 2 10 The accumulated temperature, obtained by multiplying the mean temperature by the number of days in each month. 1884 Meteorol. Off. Weekly Weather Rep. p. iv The Accumulated Temperature is expressed in ‘Day-degrees’,—a Day-degree signifying 1° F. of excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° F. continued for 24 hours. 1992 Grasslands & Grassland Sci. Northern China (Nat. Res. Council, U.S.) 40 Northwest Tibet has a growing period of only 60-90 days and an accumulated temperature of less than 500°C. 2006 P. J. Gregory Plant Roots v. 133 The number of axes was plotted as a function of the accumulated temperature at the shoot meristem using a T_b of 12°C. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1617
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