shawmn.

Brit.

/ʃɔːm/, U.S.

/ʃɔm/,

/ʃɑm/

Forms: α. Middle English schallemele, 1500s shamulle, shamble. β. plural Middle English schalmeis, s(c)halmys, shalemeyes, chalemyes. γ. plural Middle English shalmuse, shalemuse, schalmeuis, 1500s shalmewes; singular Middle English sc(h)almuse, 1500s schalmesse; plural Middle English s(c)halmuses, schalmoyses. δ. Middle English–1600s schalme, 1500s shaulm(e, 1500s–1600s shalme, 1500s–1800s shalm; plural 1500s shalmz, schallmes. ε. plural 1500s shambes, s(c)hames, schammes. ζ. 1500s shaume, plural schawmys, 1500s–1600s shawme, (1600s plural shawn(e)s), 1600s– shawm.

Etymology: The Middle English schallemelle (whence the other α forms) is < Old French chalemel (modern French chalumeau ) < vulgar Latin *calamellus , diminutive of Latin calamus reed. The β forms (with which compare Middle High German schalmîe , Middle Dutch schalmeye , schalmeide , Middle Low German schalmeie , modern German and Dutch schalmei ) are < Old French chalemie , an unexplained derivative of Latin calamus . The γ forms are < Old French chalemeaux , plural of chalemel , the form of the last syllable being probably influenced by association with muse n.³, bagpipe; the plural was in English early mistaken for a singular, and a new plural schalmuses was formed. The reduction of the word to a monosyllable was probably due to misapprehension of plural forms like schalmys . See also shalle n.

a. A medieval musical instrument of the oboe class, having a double reed enclosed in a globular mouthpiece.Coverdale, followed by the Prayer-book Psalter, uses shawmes in Psalm xcviii. 7 where the original and the ancient versions have ‘trumpet’ or ‘horn’.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > shawm

shawmc1350

shallec1407

doucine1686

tarogato1907

rauschpfeife1937

schreierpfeife1939

schryari1939

zurla1940

α.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 358 With Cornemuse and Schallemele [rhyme hele].

1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 209 And furthwith the trompettes and shamulles did sounde and blewe up mooste pleasauntely.

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 46 One of them singeth with voice, another with shamble [ Isid. xi. iii. 59 b, Vna voce, altera tibiis].

β. c1350 Libeaus Desc. (Kaluza) 1864 Trompes, hornes, schalmeis [v.rr. schalmys, schalmes, schalmuses] Before þe hiȝe deis He herd.c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1218 That maden lowde menstralcies In cornemuse and shalmyes [v.rr. chalemyes, shalemeyes] And many other maner pipe.γ. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. iii. 117 Reedes and floytes and shalmuses.a1440 Sir Degrev. 1086 With trompe and with nakere, And the scalmuse clere.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 443/2 Schalmuse, pype, sambuca.1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xii. xvi Gheterns, lutes, shalemuse, recordours.1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 105 They blewe vp trompettis and pyped wyth shalymoyses.a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 48 Whereof sume use trumpettes, sume shalmuse and small pipes.1503 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 91 Item to the Kinges mynstrelles with the shalmewes xl s.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 266/1 Schalmesse a pype, chalmeau.δ. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xvi. sig. f.i Trumpettes blewe vp, shalmes and claryons.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 762 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 118 The dulset ye dulsacordis ye schalme of assay.1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. xxxiii. 51 The entrayles..be exercised by blowyng, eyther by constrainte, or plaiynge on shaulmes or sackbottes.1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 223^v Blowyng on a bagpipe, or a shalme, or on some other facioned pipe.c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 45 Trumpettis and schalmis w^t a schowt Playid or the rink began.1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Auletes,..he that plaieth on the flute or shaulme: a pyper.1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 314/1 A noyse of trumpets and shalmes.a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 379 The denner quhair thair was great mirth schallmes draught trumpattis and weir trumpatis.1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. liv. 514 This kinde [of reed] dyd serue to make tongues for pipes, shaulmes, or trumpettes.?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 11 This Pageaunt waz clozd vp with a delectabl harmony of Hautboiz, Shalmz, Cornets, and such oother looud Muzik.1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. iii. 144 The douting conscience soundeth heavily like a shalme.1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew v. sig. N4^v A Flourish of Shalms.1705 P. Motteux Don Quixote (1733) III. 238 The Moors..only use Kettle-Drums, and a kind of Shaulms like our Waits or Hautboys.1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel vi. vi. 166 From the lofty balcony, Rung trumpet, shalm, and psaltery.1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vii. v. 362 Paris..claps hands, as the Avengers, with their shrilling drums and shalms tramp by.ε. 1537 Lett. & Papers Henry VIII XII. i. 11 Befor y^e Scotysh gent. Shamis & dyvers oder instrumentes.1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Biij^v A great noyse of cimbals, drumslades, timbrelles, shames, pipes, flutes.1555 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 220 James Dromond and his marrowis quha playit befoir Sanct Geill on Sanct Geillis day on the schammes.a1556 T. Cranmer Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 37 Tromppets, shambes, and other dyverse instrumentes.c1650 (c1515) Sc. Field (Percy) 320 in J. W. Hales & F. J. Furnivall Bp. Percy's Folio MS (1867) I. 228 Many shames [?c1600 Lyme shalmes] in that showe with theire shrill pipes.ζ. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. x. 67 Wyth tympanis, tawbronis, ȝe war wont to heyr, And bos schawmys of turnyt buschboun tre.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xcvii. 7 With trompettes also & shawmes.1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Avij The shawme [L. tibia] was not as it is nowe With copper wrythed in In trumpet wyse but small it was.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xii. sig. L8^v With shaumes, & trompets, & with Clarions sweet.1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle Prol. sig. B2^v Cit. What stately mucsike [sic] haue you? you haue shawmes. Pro. Shawnes? no. Cit. No?.. Ralph playes a stately part, and he must needs haue shawnes.1675 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) 211 Their [Turkish] pipe is much the same with our trebble shawme [printed shaurne] or Hooboy.1685 T. Otway Windsor Castle 11 The Cornet, Flute and Shawme.1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 30 With the noise of Drum, Shawm, and Fife.1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 270 (note) Shawm in old English, is a clarinet of low pitch.1830 Ld. Tennyson Dying Swan in Poems 103 As when a mighty people rejoice With shawms, and with cymbals, and harps of gold.1859 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 29 240 Of these [musical instruments] the most noisy is a kind of shawm, a straight tube of wood bound with palm fibre and opening like a clarionet.1865 A. C. Swinburne St. Dorothy in Poems & Ballads 403 Fair-clothed men that play on shawms and lutes.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1637 N. Whiting Le Hore di Recreatione Vindic. Poesie H 3 I knew the Roscians feature, not his name, Yet tis engraven on the Shaulme of Fame.

c. transferred. An organ stop resembling the shawm in quality of sound.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > reed-stop > specific

regal1555

curtal1582

trumpet1659

cremona1660

cromorne1694

hautboyc1700

horn1722

serpent1730

dulcian1773

zinke1773

trumpet stop1795

musette1825

fagotto1832

oboe1834

trombone1837

physharmonica1838

cornopean1840

ophicleide1842

posaune1843

button regal1852

shawm1852

vox angelica1852

busaun1855

bombardon1856

tuba1858

bombard1876

clarinet1876

rackett1876

tenoroon1876

clarionet1880

krummhorn1880

1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 84 The organ in St. Elizabeth's, Breslau, contains a shalm.

†2. A player on the shawm. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > wind player > [noun] > shawm-player

shawm1481

shawmer1505

shawm-player1540

shawm-blower1826

shawmist1961

1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 207 The same day, my Lord gaff to my Lord Glossetyres schalmevis vj.s. viij.d.

1522 Ord. King's Ho. in Gentleman's Mag. (1834) 104 i. 48 When it shall please him to have any Schames, Ministrells, or any such other, to come to his presence.

Compounds

General attributive.

shawm-blower n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > wind player > [noun] > shawm-player

shawm1481

shawmer1505

shawm-player1540

shawm-blower1826

shawmist1961

1826 H. Smith Tor Hill (1838) I. 260 Scrapers of rebecks, shawm-blowers, and vagabond pipers.

shawm-player n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > wind player > [noun] > shawm-player

shawm1481

shawmer1505

shawm-player1540

shawm-blower1826

shawmist1961

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Mij^v Any trompettours or shaulme players.

1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard v. i. 171 These shawm-players That walk before strange women and make songs!

shawm-playing adj.

ΚΠ

1894 G. Du Maurier Trilby (1895) ii. 60 A lordly, godlike, shawm-playing, cymbal-banging hero.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	shawm
释义	shawmn. Brit. /ʃɔːm/, U.S. /ʃɔm/, /ʃɑm/ Forms: α. Middle English schallemele, 1500s shamulle, shamble. β. plural Middle English schalmeis, s(c)halmys, shalemeyes, chalemyes. γ. plural Middle English shalmuse, shalemuse, schalmeuis, 1500s shalmewes; singular Middle English sc(h)almuse, 1500s schalmesse; plural Middle English s(c)halmuses, schalmoyses. δ. Middle English–1600s schalme, 1500s shaulm(e, 1500s–1600s shalme, 1500s–1800s shalm; plural 1500s shalmz, schallmes. ε. plural 1500s shambes, s(c)hames, schammes. ζ. 1500s shaume, plural schawmys, 1500s–1600s shawme, (1600s plural shawn(e)s), 1600s– shawm. Etymology: The Middle English schallemelle (whence the other α forms) is < Old French chalemel (modern French chalumeau ) < vulgar Latin calamellus , diminutive of Latin calamus* reed. The β forms (with which compare Middle High German schalmîe , Middle Dutch schalmeye , schalmeide , Middle Low German schalmeie , modern German and Dutch schalmei ) are < Old French chalemie , an unexplained derivative of Latin calamus . The γ forms are < Old French chalemeaux , plural of chalemel , the form of the last syllable being probably influenced by association with muse n.³, bagpipe; the plural was in English early mistaken for a singular, and a new plural schalmuses was formed. The reduction of the word to a monosyllable was probably due to misapprehension of plural forms like schalmys . See also shalle n. 1. a. A medieval musical instrument of the oboe class, having a double reed enclosed in a globular mouthpiece.Coverdale, followed by the Prayer-book Psalter, uses shawmes in Psalm xcviii. 7 where the original and the ancient versions have ‘trumpet’ or ‘horn’. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > shawm shawmc1350 shallec1407 doucine1686 tarogato1907 rauschpfeife1937 schreierpfeife1939 schryari1939 zurla1940 α. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 358 With Cornemuse and Schallemele [rhyme hele]. 1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 209 And furthwith the trompettes and shamulles did sounde and blewe up mooste pleasauntely. 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 46 One of them singeth with voice, another with shamble [ Isid. xi. iii. 59 b, Vna voce, altera tibiis]. β. c1350 Libeaus Desc. (Kaluza) 1864 Trompes, hornes, schalmeis [v.rr. schalmys, schalmes, schalmuses] Before þe hiȝe deis He herd.c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1218 That maden lowde menstralcies In cornemuse and shalmyes [v.rr. chalemyes, shalemeyes] And many other maner pipe.γ. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. iii. 117 Reedes and floytes and shalmuses.a1440 Sir Degrev. 1086 With trompe and with nakere, And the scalmuse clere.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 443/2 Schalmuse, pype, sambuca.1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xii. xvi Gheterns, lutes, shalemuse, recordours.1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 105 They blewe vp trompettis and pyped wyth shalymoyses.a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 48 Whereof sume use trumpettes, sume shalmuse and small pipes.1503 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 91 Item to the Kinges mynstrelles with the shalmewes xl s.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 266/1 Schalmesse a pype, chalmeau.δ. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xvi. sig. f.i Trumpettes blewe vp, shalmes and claryons.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 762 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 118 The dulset ye dulsacordis ye schalme of assay.1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. xxxiii. 51 The entrayles..be exercised by blowyng, eyther by constrainte, or plaiynge on shaulmes or sackbottes.1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 223^v Blowyng on a bagpipe, or a shalme, or on some other facioned pipe.c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 45 Trumpettis and schalmis w^t a schowt Playid or the rink began.1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Auletes,..he that plaieth on the flute or shaulme: a pyper.1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 314/1 A noyse of trumpets and shalmes.a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 379 The denner quhair thair was great mirth schallmes draught trumpattis and weir trumpatis.1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. liv. 514 This kinde [of reed] dyd serue to make tongues for pipes, shaulmes, or trumpettes.?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 11 This Pageaunt waz clozd vp with a delectabl harmony of Hautboiz, Shalmz, Cornets, and such oother looud Muzik.1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. iii. 144 The douting conscience soundeth heavily like a shalme.1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew v. sig. N4^v A Flourish of Shalms.1705 P. Motteux Don Quixote (1733) III. 238 The Moors..only use Kettle-Drums, and a kind of Shaulms like our Waits or Hautboys.1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel vi. vi. 166 From the lofty balcony, Rung trumpet, shalm, and psaltery.1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vii. v. 362 Paris..claps hands, as the Avengers, with their shrilling drums and shalms tramp by.ε. 1537 Lett. & Papers Henry VIII XII. i. 11 Befor y^e Scotysh gent. Shamis & dyvers oder instrumentes.1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Biij^v A great noyse of cimbals, drumslades, timbrelles, shames, pipes, flutes.1555 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 220 James Dromond and his marrowis quha playit befoir Sanct Geill on Sanct Geillis day on the schammes.a1556 T. Cranmer Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 37 Tromppets, shambes, and other dyverse instrumentes.c1650 (c1515) Sc. Field (Percy) 320 in J. W. Hales & F. J. Furnivall Bp. Percy's Folio MS (1867) I. 228 Many shames [?c1600 Lyme shalmes] in that showe with theire shrill pipes.ζ. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. x. 67 Wyth tympanis, tawbronis, ȝe war wont to heyr, And bos schawmys of turnyt buschboun tre.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xcvii. 7 With trompettes also & shawmes.1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Avij The shawme [L. tibia] was not as it is nowe With copper wrythed in In trumpet wyse but small it was.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xii. sig. L8^v With shaumes, & trompets, & with Clarions sweet.1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle Prol. sig. B2^v Cit. What stately mucsike [sic] haue you? you haue shawmes. Pro. Shawnes? no. Cit. No?.. Ralph playes a stately part, and he must needs haue shawnes.1675 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) 211 Their [Turkish] pipe is much the same with our trebble shawme [printed shaurne] or Hooboy.1685 T. Otway Windsor Castle 11 The Cornet, Flute and Shawme.1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 30 With the noise of Drum, Shawm, and Fife.1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 270 (note) Shawm in old English, is a clarinet of low pitch.1830 Ld. Tennyson Dying Swan in Poems 103 As when a mighty people rejoice With shawms, and with cymbals, and harps of gold.1859 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 29 240 Of these [musical instruments] the most noisy is a kind of shawm, a straight tube of wood bound with palm fibre and opening like a clarionet.1865 A. C. Swinburne St. Dorothy in Poems & Ballads 403 Fair-clothed men that play on shawms and lutes. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1637 N. Whiting Le Hore di Recreatione Vindic. Poesie H 3 I knew the Roscians feature, not his name, Yet tis engraven on the Shaulme of Fame. c. transferred. An organ stop resembling the shawm in quality of sound. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > reed-stop > specific regal1555 curtal1582 trumpet1659 cremona1660 cromorne1694 hautboyc1700 horn1722 serpent1730 dulcian1773 zinke1773 trumpet stop1795 musette1825 fagotto1832 oboe1834 trombone1837 physharmonica1838 cornopean1840 ophicleide1842 posaune1843 button regal1852 shawm1852 vox angelica1852 busaun1855 bombardon1856 tuba1858 bombard1876 clarinet1876 rackett1876 tenoroon1876 clarionet1880 krummhorn1880 1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 84 The organ in St. Elizabeth's, Breslau, contains a shalm. †2. A player on the shawm. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > wind player > [noun] > shawm-player shawm1481 shawmer1505 shawm-player1540 shawm-blower1826 shawmist1961 1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 207 The same day, my Lord gaff to my Lord Glossetyres schalmevis vj.s. viij.d. 1522 Ord. King's Ho. in Gentleman's Mag. (1834) 104 i. 48 When it shall please him to have any Schames, Ministrells, or any such other, to come to his presence. Compounds General attributive. shawm-blower n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > wind player > [noun] > shawm-player shawm1481 shawmer1505 shawm-player1540 shawm-blower1826 shawmist1961 1826 H. Smith Tor Hill (1838) I. 260 Scrapers of rebecks, shawm-blowers, and vagabond pipers. shawm-player n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > wind player > [noun] > shawm-player shawm1481 shawmer1505 shawm-player1540 shawm-blower1826 shawmist1961 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Mij^v Any trompettours or shaulme players. 1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard v. i. 171 These shawm-players That walk before strange women and make songs! shawm-playing adj. ΚΠ 1894 G. Du Maurier Trilby (1895) ii. 60 A lordly, godlike, shawm-playing, cymbal-banging hero. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). shawmv.¹ Brit. /ʃɔːm/, U.S. /ʃɔm/, /ʃɑm/ Forms: In Middle English shalemoyse. Etymology: < shawm n. rare. intransitive. To play on the shawm. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing wind instrument > play wind instrument [verb (intransitive)] > play shawm shawm1480 1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xi. iv There satte Pan..holdynge a floyte of a rosier, in whiche he shalemoysed & pyped a strange note. 1844 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 56 96 All our talented performers had turned their instruments, scraped, fluted, twanged, jingled, and shawmed to their hearts' content. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shawmv.² Brit. /ʃɔːm/, U.S. /ʃɔm/, /ʃɑm/ Forms: Also shaum. Etymology: Compare scaum v. northern dialect. intransitive. (See quots. 1855, 1877.) Also transitive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)] > to genial warmth > one's legs, etc., at fire shawm1824 toast1860 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > be subjected or exposed to heat or fire [verb (intransitive)] > bask in genial warmth > the legs in front of fire shawm1855 1824 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 49 Keep on our hats and shawm our shins, and be like other Laplanders happy at home. 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 152 To Shawm, to warm the knees and toes by sitting with them close to the fire. 1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness Shawm, to sit in front of the fire, with upraised petticoats, to impart warmth to the legs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1350v.¹1480v.²1824
随便看	venefice veneficial veneficious veneficiously veneficous venefy venenate venenated venenates venenating venenation venencia venene venenes veneniferous venenifluous veneno veneno- veneno-salivary venenosalivary venenose venenosity venenous venepuncture venepunctures

shawmn.

Compounds

shawmv.1

shawmv.2

shawmv.¹

shawmv.²