shofuln.adj.

Brit.

/ˈʃəʊf(ᵿ)l/, U.S.

/ˈʃoʊf(ə)l/

Forms: 1800s schofell, 1800s schofels, 1800s schoful, 1800s shofel, 1800s shofell, 1800s shofle, 1800s shouful, 1800s showful, 1800s showfull, 1800s– shoful, 1900s sho'ful.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from German. Partly a borrowing from Yiddish. Etymons: German Schofel; German schofel; Yiddish shofel.

Etymology: < (i) German Schofel worthless stuff, rubbish (late 18th cent. or earlier), use as noun of schofel worthless, shoddy, counterfeit (late 18th cent. or earlier; widespread in dialects of German), and its etymon (ii) Yiddish shofel, in the same senses, (with Ashkenazic pronunciation) < Hebrew šāpēl low.Sense A. 2 appears to have no parallel in German. In sense A. 3, the hansom cab appears to have been so called with reference to the frequent operation of imitation cabs in violation of the vehicle's original patent. There is no evidence to support the suggestion that the cab was so called on the grounds of a purported resemblance of its shape to that of a shovel (and hence an alleged extended use of shovel n.).

British slang.

A. n.

†1. Counterfeit money. Obsolete. With quot. 1897 compare shoful-pitcher n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [noun] > counterfeit note(s)

screen1789

scrieve1800

shoful1828

green goods1856

stiff one1895

funny money1901

slush1924

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [noun] > coins and notes > kind of money > counterfeit money

queer1819

boodle1822

shoful1828

sheen1839

slug1887

funny money1901

1828 Sessions' Papers Old Bailey 1827–8 602/2 The twenty counterfeit shillings were found on me; the sister came to me and asked if I had any shofle about me, if I had to put it away.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 24/1 [Costermonger's slang] Showfulls, Bad money.

1890 F. W. Carew No. 747 417 Got down and heaved the sack-ful o' shoful into the water.

1897 H. Herman Lady Turpin xx. 232 She was a lady once, was Martha, a real lady, till..she began, as most of 'em do, at showful pitchin'.

†2. A low-class tavern. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tavern or public house > low drinking-house

sot's-hof1532

bousing ken1567

fuddling-school1680

sot-bay1707

night-cellar1729

sot-hole1755

lush-ken1790

lush-crib1819

Tom and Jerry shop1824

Tom and Jerry1836

deadfall1837

jerry1851

shoful1851

cribc1865

bucket-shop1875

barrel-house1883

lushing-ken1883

shebang1901

barrel shop1904

blood house1913

smoke joint1931

shypoo1936

smoke-shop1937

dive bar1974

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 259/1 A rackety place, sir,..one of the showfuls; a dicky one; a free-and-easy.

3. A hansom cab, esp. one that was built and operated in violation of the vehicle's original patent. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hackney carriage > specific types of hackney carriage

noddy?1764

hack1769

Patent Safety1835

Patent Safety Cab1836

hansom cab1847

cab car1853

shoful1853

growler1865

midge1865

1853 Househ. Words 24 Sept. 76/1 A hackney cab is a shoful.

1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) III. 351/1 Hansom's..are always called ‘showfulls’ by the cabmen. ‘Showfull’, in slang, means counterfeit, and the ‘showfull’ cabs are an infringement on Hansom's patent.

1869 St. James' Mag. 3 285 There ought to be other conveyances beyond the ‘Growler and Shofle’.

1903 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 21 Nov. 470/2 The steed which has become too slow for a ‘sho'ful’, as the hansom is termed in the trade, has to come down to ‘growler’ work..when he..must..travel at a more moderate pace.

1992 Independent (Nexis) 12 Dec. (Weekend Travel section) 43 The Hansom Patent Safety Cab..had plenty of imitators whom Hansom's employees, most of them Jewish, called ‘shofuls’.

†B. adj.

Of money or goods: counterfeit. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective] > of materials, metals, etc.

falsec1000

counterfeitc1449

copper1609

chemic1635

sham1699

shoful1835

imitation1840

lathen1843

simulated1942

1835 Worcester Herald 26 Dec. 4/3 Shofell swag, bad goods for sale.

1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ Swell's Night Guide (new ed.) 61 The shiser thinks to bounce us by passing a shofel quid.

1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 287 Shoful means anything mock, as shoful jewellery.

Compounds

shofulman n. now historical and rare a man who passes counterfeit money.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] > passing of money > passing of counterfeits > person who

outera1415

outputter1574

smasher1795

shoful-pitcher1839

shofulman1851

shover1859

varnisher1864

passer1929

dropper1938

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 26 ‘Shoful men,’ or those who plunder by means of counterfeits.

1863 B. Jerrold Signals of Distress 106 The passers of base coin, shofulmen,..will be sensibly strengthened.

1990 A. Perry Face of Stranger (1991) ix. 241 ‘You know Tommy, the shofulman?’ For a moment Monk felt a touch of panic... ‘Tommy?’ he blinked.

† shoful-pitcher n. Obsolete a person who passes counterfeit money.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] > passing of money > passing of counterfeits > person who

outera1415

outputter1574

smasher1795

shoful-pitcher1839

shofulman1851

shover1859

varnisher1864

passer1929

dropper1938

1839 H. Brandon Dict. Flash or Cant Lang. in W. A. Miles Poverty, Mendicity & Crime 165/1 Schofels pitchers, paper [probably read passers] of bad money.

1882 Manch. Weekly Times 4 Mar. 5/4 A snide or shoful-pitcher, or passer of bad money.

† shoful pullet n. Obsolete rare a promiscuous woman; a prostitute.

ΚΠ

1860 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang (ed. 2) 214 Showfull pullet, a ‘gay’ woman.

1887 A. Barrère Argot & Slang 157/1 Flibocheuse, fast or ‘gay’ girl, ‘shoful pullet’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	shoful
释义	shofuln.adj. Brit. /ˈʃəʊf(ᵿ)l/, U.S. /ˈʃoʊf(ə)l/ Forms: 1800s schofell, 1800s schofels, 1800s schoful, 1800s shofel, 1800s shofell, 1800s shofle, 1800s shouful, 1800s showful, 1800s showfull, 1800s– shoful, 1900s sho'ful. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from German. Partly a borrowing from Yiddish. Etymons: German Schofel; German schofel; Yiddish shofel. Etymology: < (i) German Schofel worthless stuff, rubbish (late 18th cent. or earlier), use as noun of schofel worthless, shoddy, counterfeit (late 18th cent. or earlier; widespread in dialects of German), and its etymon (ii) Yiddish shofel, in the same senses, (with Ashkenazic pronunciation) < Hebrew šāpēl low.Sense A. 2 appears to have no parallel in German. In sense A. 3, the hansom cab appears to have been so called with reference to the frequent operation of imitation cabs in violation of the vehicle's original patent. There is no evidence to support the suggestion that the cab was so called on the grounds of a purported resemblance of its shape to that of a shovel (and hence an alleged extended use of shovel n.). British slang. A. n. †1. Counterfeit money. Obsolete. With quot. 1897 compare shoful-pitcher n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [noun] > counterfeit note(s) screen1789 scrieve1800 shoful1828 green goods1856 stiff one1895 funny money1901 slush1924 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [noun] > coins and notes > kind of money > counterfeit money queer1819 boodle1822 shoful1828 sheen1839 slug1887 funny money1901 1828 Sessions' Papers Old Bailey 1827–8 602/2 The twenty counterfeit shillings were found on me; the sister came to me and asked if I had any shofle about me, if I had to put it away. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 24/1 [Costermonger's slang] Showfulls, Bad money. 1890 F. W. Carew No. 747 417 Got down and heaved the sack-ful o' shoful into the water. 1897 H. Herman Lady Turpin xx. 232 She was a lady once, was Martha, a real lady, till..she began, as most of 'em do, at showful pitchin'. †2. A low-class tavern. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tavern or public house > low drinking-house sot's-hof1532 bousing ken1567 fuddling-school1680 sot-bay1707 night-cellar1729 sot-hole1755 lush-ken1790 lush-crib1819 Tom and Jerry shop1824 Tom and Jerry1836 deadfall1837 jerry1851 shoful1851 cribc1865 bucket-shop1875 barrel-house1883 lushing-ken1883 shebang1901 barrel shop1904 blood house1913 smoke joint1931 shypoo1936 smoke-shop1937 dive bar1974 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 259/1 A rackety place, sir,..one of the showfuls; a dicky one; a free-and-easy. 3. A hansom cab, esp. one that was built and operated in violation of the vehicle's original patent. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hackney carriage > specific types of hackney carriage noddy?1764 hack1769 Patent Safety1835 Patent Safety Cab1836 hansom cab1847 cab car1853 shoful1853 growler1865 midge1865 1853 Househ. Words 24 Sept. 76/1 A hackney cab is a shoful. 1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) III. 351/1 Hansom's..are always called ‘showfulls’ by the cabmen. ‘Showfull’, in slang, means counterfeit, and the ‘showfull’ cabs are an infringement on Hansom's patent. 1869 St. James' Mag. 3 285 There ought to be other conveyances beyond the ‘Growler and Shofle’. 1903 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 21 Nov. 470/2 The steed which has become too slow for a ‘sho'ful’, as the hansom is termed in the trade, has to come down to ‘growler’ work..when he..must..travel at a more moderate pace. 1992 Independent (Nexis) 12 Dec. (Weekend Travel section) 43 The Hansom Patent Safety Cab..had plenty of imitators whom Hansom's employees, most of them Jewish, called ‘shofuls’. †B. adj. Of money or goods: counterfeit. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective] > of materials, metals, etc. falsec1000 counterfeitc1449 copper1609 chemic1635 sham1699 shoful1835 imitation1840 lathen1843 simulated1942 1835 Worcester Herald 26 Dec. 4/3 Shofell swag, bad goods for sale. 1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ Swell's Night Guide (new ed.) 61 The shiser thinks to bounce us by passing a shofel quid. 1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 287 Shoful means anything mock, as shoful jewellery. Compounds shofulman n. now historical and rare a man who passes counterfeit money. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] > passing of money > passing of counterfeits > person who outera1415 outputter1574 smasher1795 shoful-pitcher1839 shofulman1851 shover1859 varnisher1864 passer1929 dropper1938 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 26 ‘Shoful men,’ or those who plunder by means of counterfeits. 1863 B. Jerrold Signals of Distress 106 The passers of base coin, shofulmen,..will be sensibly strengthened. 1990 A. Perry Face of Stranger (1991) ix. 241 ‘You know Tommy, the shofulman?’ For a moment Monk felt a touch of panic... ‘Tommy?’ he blinked. † shoful-pitcher n. Obsolete a person who passes counterfeit money. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] > passing of money > passing of counterfeits > person who outera1415 outputter1574 smasher1795 shoful-pitcher1839 shofulman1851 shover1859 varnisher1864 passer1929 dropper1938 1839 H. Brandon Dict. Flash or Cant Lang. in W. A. Miles Poverty, Mendicity & Crime 165/1 Schofels pitchers, paper [probably read passers] of bad money. 1882 Manch. Weekly Times 4 Mar. 5/4 A snide or shoful-pitcher, or passer of bad money. † shoful pullet n. Obsolete rare a promiscuous woman; a prostitute. ΚΠ 1860 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang (ed. 2) 214 Showfull pullet, a ‘gay’ woman. 1887 A. Barrère Argot & Slang 157/1 Flibocheuse, fast or ‘gay’ girl, ‘shoful pullet’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1828
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