servilityn.

Brit.

/səːˈvɪlᵻti/, U.S.

/sərˈvɪlᵻdi/

Forms: 1500s seruilite, 1500s serviliti, 1500s–1600s seruilitie, 1500s–1600s seruility, 1500s–1600s servilitie, 1600s– servility.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: servile adj., -ity suffix.

Etymology: < servile adj. + -ity suffix.Compare post-classical Latin servilitas (from 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources), Middle French, French servilité (1542; rare before the 18th cent.), Italian servilità (a1640).

1. The state or fact of being a slave, serf, bonded labourer, etc.; servitude, bondage; lack of personal freedom. Also figurative. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun]

theowdomc893

thralshipc1200

thraldomc1275

thrallhead1297

servagec1300

thrall14..

bondage1330

dangera1375

servicea1382

servitutea1393

thaneheada1400

thrillagec1400

serviturea1422

servitudec1425

thrildomc1480

thirldom1489

thirlage1513

servilityc1530

slavedom1562

serviceage1594

bondmanship1611

bond-service1611

slaverya1616

slavishnessa1620

bond slavery1835

chattelship1857

chattelhood1871

thirl-band1871

thirl-service-

c1530 Life St. Margaret sig. b.iv That [on sonday] we shuld do noo werk nor operation That were seruile for fro seruilite Of the fende his bondage & pooste we were bought.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 255 Shall the will be therfore not wicked in doyng wickedly, bycause it is not free, but enforced to yield to a necessary Servilitie [L. seruituti..necessario]?

1613 T. Jackson Eternall Truth Script. i. ii. §3. ix. 167 Such seruilitie as the Iewes suffered vnder the Greeks & Asiaticks.

1645 J. Milton Colasterion 15 How should hee, a Servingman..know..what the meaning is of gentle... Who could have devis'd to give us more breifly a better description of his own Servility?

1733 ‘Philo-Dicæus’ Standard of Equality 13 All Men ought to be exempted from the Shackles and Fetters of Servility.

1867 Special Rep. Anti-slavery Conf. Paris 126/1 In spite of his condition of servility, and of all that it entails, the heart of the poor slave is full of kindness, gratitude, and even of patriotism.

1914 E. Markham et al. Children in Bondage ii. 43 A people that..must see their latest born drag on in a base servility that reminds us of the Saxon churl under the frown of the Norman lord.

1963 W. G. Hoffmann in W. W. Rostow Econ. Take-off into Sustained Growth (1974) vi. 100 In the East the peasants were freed from their servility whereas in the West the tenants were freed only by paying off their dues.

a. Abject submissiveness, degradingly obsequious behaviour or attitude; excessive eagerness to serve or please others.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun]

fawninga1350

submission?a1439

overlowness1496

servility1573

servilenessa1594

obsequency1595

obsequiousness1613

cringing1617

slavishnessa1620

vernility1623

servulating1637

suppleness1638

sneakinga1657

subserviency1669

fawningness1672

subservience1680

cringingness1695

truckling1820

obsequience1830

flunkeyism1831

servilism1831

spanielship1832

toadyism1840

flunkeydom1850

oleaginousness1853

vassalism1854

toadying1863

grovel1892

obsequity1892

crawlsomeness1900

serfishness1906

oleosity?1920

ass-kissing1936

1573 G. Harvey Let. 21 Mar. in Let.-bk. (1884) 15 He..tould me..that it was mi flatteri and serviliti (for so it pleasd him now to term it) that bewitchid him.

1603 T. Bilson Serm. preached at Westm. sig. B7 Let vs see..whether the Custome of this Countrie, in kneeling to their Princes, bee seruilitie or flatterie, as some reckon it, or a parte of their due honour and dignitie.

1713 Guardian 30 June Wouldst thou have Cringing, Servility, parasitical Shuffling, Fawning, and dishonest Complyances made the Road to Success?

1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 374 The domestics..had an air of servility and constraint.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. App. iii. 465 The ceremonial of the kings, however, had not the servility since introduced by the Mussulmans.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §1. 341 The success of such a system depended wholly on the absolute servility of Parliament.

1962 S. Wynter Hills of Hebron iii. 48 She wanted to resist making them crawl, for their display of servility demeaned something in herself too.

2017 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Dec. a23 Servility from Republican politicians and worship from conservative media.

b. Undue subjection or deference to a specified person or influence; lack of independence in thought or action.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > manageability > [noun] > lack of independence in thought or action

servility1607

sequaciousness1653

sequacity1654

1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist ii. v. 19 Our servilitie to the words of the leiturgie.

1674 Govt. Tongue vi. 94 For what besides this unhappy servility to custome, can possibly reconcile men that own Christianity, to a practice widely distant from it?

1706 J. Savage tr. R. de Piles Art of Painting 52 Painters, who..make use of such [Productions] as are before them with too little Industry, and too much Servility.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 398 In our island there was less of this servility than on the Continent... Yet even here homage was paid..to the literary supremacy of our neighbours.

1899 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 5 310 We should be candid enough to confess with shame the frequent servility to wealth.

1960 Western Folklore 19 8 Our abject servility to the nineteenth-century folklorists and their ideas about folk song.

2011 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 30 July 26/1 Decolonisation did not mean rejection of the west, only an independence of mind freed from servility to western ideas.

c. With reference to literary or artistic imitation, translation, etc.: the quality of being excessively or unthinkingly close to the model or original.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > copying slavishly > a slavish copy > quality of being a slavish copy

servility1765

1765 J. L. Cowley Theory of Perspective p. iv This author has been exactly followed, even to a degree of servility, by Vignola..in his Treatise of Perspective.

1841 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy: Gen. Views Hist. & Lit. II. iii. i. 49 Their pride aimed no higher than to copy with servility those models which their master had left far behind.

1909 Classical Philol. 4 177 He was not concerned to adhere with servility to the Attic vocabulary and syntax.

2001 Times 13 June (Times2 section) 18/2 Most of the artists involved..seemed to be following him with excessive servility, reconstructing rather than deconstructing Hitchcock images and effects.

†3. Apparently: illiberality, meanness. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun]

fastship?c1225

scarcenessa1300

scarcity1340

niggardyc1390

nithingheada1400

scarcehead1420

nigonryc1430

niggardship?a1439

pinching1440

straitheadc1450

straitnessc1460

niggard cheap1463

niggardnessc1487

nigonshipa1500

niggardise1502

niggishness1519

niggardliness1556

parsimony1561

illiberality1581

nearness1584

tenacity1586

Euclionism1599

paring1607

servilitya1610

niggeralitya1612

scanting1625

scant-handednessa1627

closefistedness1631

niggardess1632

close-handedness1646

strait-handedness1649

penury1651

unbountifulness1660

parsimoniousness1671

penuriousness1672

stinginess1682

closeness1712

illiberalness1727

meanness1755

cheeseparing1834

scrimping1835

churlishness1846

screwing1848

skinflintism1853

screwiness1856

flint-paring1860

skinflintiness1861

scrimp1864

flint-skinning1873

penny-pinching1895

skimping1898

tight-fistedness1975

a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters xxii. 77 in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1616) Illiberality, or Seruility [Gk. ἀνελευθερία], is too great a contempt of glorie, proceeding from the like desire to spare expence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	servility
释义	servilityn. Brit. /səːˈvɪlᵻti/, U.S. /sərˈvɪlᵻdi/ Forms: 1500s seruilite, 1500s serviliti, 1500s–1600s seruilitie, 1500s–1600s seruility, 1500s–1600s servilitie, 1600s– servility. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: servile adj., -ity suffix. Etymology: < servile adj. + -ity suffix.Compare post-classical Latin servilitas (from 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources), Middle French, French servilité (1542; rare before the 18th cent.), Italian servilità (a1640). 1. The state or fact of being a slave, serf, bonded labourer, etc.; servitude, bondage; lack of personal freedom. Also figurative. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] theowdomc893 thralshipc1200 thraldomc1275 thrallhead1297 servagec1300 thrall14.. bondage1330 dangera1375 servicea1382 servitutea1393 thaneheada1400 thrillagec1400 serviturea1422 servitudec1425 thrildomc1480 thirldom1489 thirlage1513 servilityc1530 slavedom1562 serviceage1594 bondmanship1611 bond-service1611 slaverya1616 slavishnessa1620 bond slavery1835 chattelship1857 chattelhood1871 thirl-band1871 thirl-service- c1530 Life St. Margaret sig. b.iv That [on sonday] we shuld do noo werk nor operation That were seruile for fro seruilite Of the fende his bondage & pooste we were bought. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 255 Shall the will be therfore not wicked in doyng wickedly, bycause it is not free, but enforced to yield to a necessary Servilitie [L. seruituti..necessario]? 1613 T. Jackson Eternall Truth Script. i. ii. §3. ix. 167 Such seruilitie as the Iewes suffered vnder the Greeks & Asiaticks. 1645 J. Milton Colasterion 15 How should hee, a Servingman..know..what the meaning is of gentle... Who could have devis'd to give us more breifly a better description of his own Servility? 1733 ‘Philo-Dicæus’ Standard of Equality 13 All Men ought to be exempted from the Shackles and Fetters of Servility. 1867 Special Rep. Anti-slavery Conf. Paris 126/1 In spite of his condition of servility, and of all that it entails, the heart of the poor slave is full of kindness, gratitude, and even of patriotism. 1914 E. Markham et al. Children in Bondage ii. 43 A people that..must see their latest born drag on in a base servility that reminds us of the Saxon churl under the frown of the Norman lord. 1963 W. G. Hoffmann in W. W. Rostow Econ. Take-off into Sustained Growth (1974) vi. 100 In the East the peasants were freed from their servility whereas in the West the tenants were freed only by paying off their dues. 2. a. Abject submissiveness, degradingly obsequious behaviour or attitude; excessive eagerness to serve or please others. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun] fawninga1350 submission?a1439 overlowness1496 servility1573 servilenessa1594 obsequency1595 obsequiousness1613 cringing1617 slavishnessa1620 vernility1623 servulating1637 suppleness1638 sneakinga1657 subserviency1669 fawningness1672 subservience1680 cringingness1695 truckling1820 obsequience1830 flunkeyism1831 servilism1831 spanielship1832 toadyism1840 flunkeydom1850 oleaginousness1853 vassalism1854 toadying1863 grovel1892 obsequity1892 crawlsomeness1900 serfishness1906 oleosity?1920 ass-kissing1936 1573 G. Harvey Let. 21 Mar. in Let.-bk. (1884) 15 He..tould me..that it was mi flatteri and serviliti (for so it pleasd him now to term it) that bewitchid him. 1603 T. Bilson Serm. preached at Westm. sig. B7 Let vs see..whether the Custome of this Countrie, in kneeling to their Princes, bee seruilitie or flatterie, as some reckon it, or a parte of their due honour and dignitie. 1713 Guardian 30 June Wouldst thou have Cringing, Servility, parasitical Shuffling, Fawning, and dishonest Complyances made the Road to Success? 1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 374 The domestics..had an air of servility and constraint. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. App. iii. 465 The ceremonial of the kings, however, had not the servility since introduced by the Mussulmans. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §1. 341 The success of such a system depended wholly on the absolute servility of Parliament. 1962 S. Wynter Hills of Hebron iii. 48 She wanted to resist making them crawl, for their display of servility demeaned something in herself too. 2017 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Dec. a23 Servility from Republican politicians and worship from conservative media. b. Undue subjection or deference to a specified person or influence; lack of independence in thought or action. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > manageability > [noun] > lack of independence in thought or action servility1607 sequaciousness1653 sequacity1654 1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist ii. v. 19 Our servilitie to the words of the leiturgie. 1674 Govt. Tongue vi. 94 For what besides this unhappy servility to custome, can possibly reconcile men that own Christianity, to a practice widely distant from it? 1706 J. Savage tr. R. de Piles Art of Painting 52 Painters, who..make use of such [Productions] as are before them with too little Industry, and too much Servility. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 398 In our island there was less of this servility than on the Continent... Yet even here homage was paid..to the literary supremacy of our neighbours. 1899 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 5 310 We should be candid enough to confess with shame the frequent servility to wealth. 1960 Western Folklore 19 8 Our abject servility to the nineteenth-century folklorists and their ideas about folk song. 2011 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 30 July 26/1 Decolonisation did not mean rejection of the west, only an independence of mind freed from servility to western ideas. c. With reference to literary or artistic imitation, translation, etc.: the quality of being excessively or unthinkingly close to the model or original. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > copying slavishly > a slavish copy > quality of being a slavish copy servility1765 1765 J. L. Cowley Theory of Perspective p. iv This author has been exactly followed, even to a degree of servility, by Vignola..in his Treatise of Perspective. 1841 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy: Gen. Views Hist. & Lit. II. iii. i. 49 Their pride aimed no higher than to copy with servility those models which their master had left far behind. 1909 Classical Philol. 4 177 He was not concerned to adhere with servility to the Attic vocabulary and syntax. 2001 Times 13 June (Times2 section) 18/2 Most of the artists involved..seemed to be following him with excessive servility, reconstructing rather than deconstructing Hitchcock images and effects. †3. Apparently: illiberality, meanness. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] fastship?c1225 scarcenessa1300 scarcity1340 niggardyc1390 nithingheada1400 scarcehead1420 nigonryc1430 niggardship?a1439 pinching1440 straitheadc1450 straitnessc1460 niggard cheap1463 niggardnessc1487 nigonshipa1500 niggardise1502 niggishness1519 niggardliness1556 parsimony1561 illiberality1581 nearness1584 tenacity1586 Euclionism1599 paring1607 servilitya1610 niggeralitya1612 scanting1625 scant-handednessa1627 closefistedness1631 niggardess1632 close-handedness1646 strait-handedness1649 penury1651 unbountifulness1660 parsimoniousness1671 penuriousness1672 stinginess1682 closeness1712 illiberalness1727 meanness1755 cheeseparing1834 scrimping1835 churlishness1846 screwing1848 skinflintism1853 screwiness1856 flint-paring1860 skinflintiness1861 scrimp1864 flint-skinning1873 penny-pinching1895 skimping1898 tight-fistedness1975 a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters xxii. 77 in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1616) Illiberality, or Seruility [Gk. ἀνελευθερία], is too great a contempt of glorie, proceeding from the like desire to spare expence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1530
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