† sewn.¹

Forms: Old English séaw, séa, (Middle English sæw), Middle English seew, seue, Middle English–1500s sewe, Middle English cewe, seau, Middle English–1600s sew, 1500s seu.

Etymology: Old English séaw neuter = North Frisian sâie, sei, sii, Old High German sou, Middle High German (genitive sowes) juice, poison, food < Germanic *sawwo-. Compare Old Norse sǫgg-r wet, dank. The root may be identical with that of Greek ὕει ( < *su-) it rains.

Obsolete.

1. Juice, moisture, humour. (Old English only; but cf. Middle English elesaew n. oil, in Ormin.)Cf. the combinations liþséaw synovia, plúmséaw plum-juice.

ΚΠ

c900 Bede Glosses in Sweet Old Eng. Texts 182 Sucum, sea.

a1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 268 Wiþ ðæra earena sare, genim þisse sylfan wyrte [sc. of foxglove] seaw, mid rosan seawe.

a1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 176 Cumaþ þa adla..on [? read of] yflum seawum.

2. Pottage, broth; a mess of pottage. (Cf. fig-sue n. at fig n.¹ Compounds 2)In the 15th cent. sometimes used as the equivalent of Old French civé onion broth, minced meat stewed with onions. (Cf. quot.c1440¹.) There may have been a disyllabic seve ( < Old French civé) which may have been confused with the native word because of the ambiguity of the spelling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun]

brotha1000

pottage?c1225

pulmenta1325

hotchpot1381

sewc1386

wortsc1390

long wortsc1440

poddish1528

porridge?1533

hotchpotch1567

sowpa1568

potage1653

soup1653

bouillon1656

soupe1767

pot-au-feu1841

shackles1888

zuppa1961

c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 59 I wol nat letten of hir strange sewes.

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 572/7 Cepiarium, sewe.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 825 Þenne ho sauerez with salt her seuez vchone.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 108 Þyse ilk renkez..Schul neuer..suppe on sope of my seve.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. lxix. 246 Flesh y-rostid, wych is more hottyr than in seau, or sode in watyr.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xxvii. 4 Whanne thou hast take ony thing bi huntyng, make to me a seew therof.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 67/2 Cewe, sepulatum.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 454/2 Sew, cepulatum.

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. Cxvii^v Beware of eatynge of frutes, potages, and sewes.

c1560 J. Lacy Wyl Bucke his Test. (Copland) sig. a.iii The potage stued tripes, and Noumbles in sewe.

1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) v. xxiiii. 108 To haue gud spiced Sewe, and Roste, and plum-pies for a King.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. xvi. 63 If a thicke grewell or sew be made thereof.

1633 J. Fisher Fuimus Troes iii. ix. sig. Gi Hidder, eke and shidder, With spiced sew ycramd.

figurative.1645 Answ. Pref. 89 You..durst not upon the peril of quenching your kitchin-fire; put forth your single sew of translation, without the Coloquintida of your Annotations.attributive.1459 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 89 Item ij sewpottez.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

sewn.²

Etymology: < Old French *sewe, saiwe, aphetic < *esseve , escheve , < essever sew v.⁴But compare the synonymous sough n.² (northern dialect seugh ), which may conceivably have undergone alteration through association with sew v.⁴ and sewer n.¹

Obsolete exc. dialect.

A sewer, drain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer

cockey1390

gutterc1440

soughc1440

sew1475

withdraught1493

sink1499

syre1513

closet1531

draught1533

vault1533

drain1552

fleet1583

issue1588

drainer1598

guzzle1598

shore1598

sewer1609

vennel1641

cloaca1656

cuniculus1670

pend1817

thurrock1847

sewer line1977

1475 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 27 The hows of Robert Raynald next by stoppes the watyr sew, that the water may not hawe it reght corsse.

1475 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 27 The new sewes in Gouththorp..is defectyve.

1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 391/2 Cloaca, the towne sinke: the common sew.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 237 Common Sewes or Sinks.

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Sew, an underground drain.

1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words 127 Sew—Mig hole, sewer, muck midden.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

sewadj.

/sjuː/

Forms: Also sue, zoo, etc.

Etymology: ? Shortened form of a-sew (s.w. dialect): see Eng. Dial. Dict.This word may possibly represent Old English ásiwen, past participle of áséon to strain, drain.

dialect.

a. Of a cow: Dry of milk. Chiefly in to go sew, also to go to sew.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > dairy farming > [adjective] > yielding milk > not

dryc1450

yeld1670

sew1674

1674 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 76 To go Sew: i.e. to go dry, Suss[ex] spoken of a cow.

1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 7 Thee hast a let the Kee go zoo vor Want o' strocking.

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. (at cited word) A cow is said to be gone to sew when her milk is dried off.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Zoo We milks twenty cows, but you know they never baint all in milk to once, some be always zoo.

b. The alleged substantive use = ‘a cow which gives no milk’ is perhaps based on an erroneous analysis of a-sew (see above).

ΚΠ

1681 J. Worlidge Systema Agric. 331 A Cow is a Sew when her Milk is gone.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Sew (Country-word), a Cow, when her Milk is gone.

1885 G. Sweetman Gloss. Wincanton (E.D.D.)

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

sewv.¹

Brit.

/səʊ/, U.S.

/soʊ/

Forms: Past tense sewed /səʊd/. past participle sewed, sewn /səʊn/. Forms: Old English seowan, siwan, seowian, siowian, siwian, Middle English sewen, Middle English seouwen, Middle English seu, souwe, sowen, Middle English–1500s sewe, Middle English–1700s sowe, (Middle English sawe), 1500s Scottish schew, 1500s–1600s, 1800s sow, 1600s–1800s Scottish shew, Middle English– sew. past participle Old English seowed, Middle English ise(o)uwed, Middle English isued, y-sewed, Middle English–1700s sowed, (Middle English saude, sawede), 1500s soude, sowd, Scottish sowit, 1600s sewit, Middle English– sewed; Middle English–1500s sowen, 1600s sewen, 1800s– sewn.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic and Indogermanic: Old English siwan, siowan (usually, with change of conjugation, siwian, siowian, seowian) = Old Frisian sîa (modern Frisian dialect siije), Old High German siuwen, Old Norse sýja (Swedish sy, Danish sye), Gothic siujan < Germanic *siwjan, cognate with the synonymous Latin suĕre, Greek (κασ-)σύειν, Latvian šūt, Old Church Slavonic šiti (Russian šit′, šivat′), Sanskrit siv (3rd singular present sīvyati, past participle syūtá; derivatives are syū (feminine), needle or thread, syūman suture). The root (for which Hirt suggests a primary form *seyewa- ) appears in the words above quoted as *syū- : *sīw . Another ablaut-grade, *syou- , is found in Germanic *saumo- seam n.⁴ The pronunciation /səʊ/ is abnormal (compare strow, variant of strew, representing Old English streowian); the written forms show that it goes back at least to the 14th cent. In the 17th cent. sew sometimes rhymes with clue, new; the modern Scottish pronunciation is /ʃu/.

a. transitive. To fasten, attach, or join (pieces of textile material, leather, etc.) by passing a thread in alternate directions through a series of punctures made either with a needle carrying the thread, or with an awl; to make the seams of (a garment, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together

sewc725

stitch?c1225

preena1275

steek1502

to stitch up1590

baste1600

sewc725

sewc1290

stitch1530

c725 Corpus Gloss. 1773 Sarcio, siouu.

c1000 Ælfric Genesis iii. 7 Hig..siwodon ficleaf and worhton him wædbrec.

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xv. 23 Sum sutere siwode [v.r. seowode] þæs halgan weres sceos.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 308 Schapeð & seoweð & mandeð chirche claðes.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋256 They sowed of fige-leves a manere of breches.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19766 To seu þe pouer þair clething.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 36 Fylle þy bagge..And sew hit fast.

1566 in D. H. Fleming Mary Q. of Scots (1897) 506 Item of lyncum tuyne to schew the Quens curges tua unce.

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health i. f. 21 A Bagge..shaped and sowen after this manner.

1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas in Wks. (1910) II. 171 When shoomakers make shoes, That are wel sowed.

1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 29 Bring home the old ones, I again will sew And dearn them up to be as good as new.

1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) xi. 283 A boy who sowes point in the forenoon.

1843 T. Hood Song of Shirt 31 Sewing at once, with a double thread, A Shroud as well as a Shirt.

1880 ‘Ouida’ Moths I. 40 She can get a girl to sew them for her.

b. To fasten, attach, or fix (something) by this process on, upon, in, to, round (etc.) something else.

ΚΠ

a1000 West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 21 Nan man ne siwaþ niwne scyp to ealdum reafe.

c1290 Beket 1804 in S. Eng. Leg. 158 In þe schipes seile an heiȝ þis holi man let do Ane Croiz, þat Man fer isaiȝ Iseuwed faste þer-to.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xvi. 16 I souwide a sac vpon my skin.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 685 A vernycle hadde he sowed vp on his cappe.

1464 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 376 As it appiers in a cedule to þis sewed.

1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 Preamble The seid Diers..uppon the lystes of the same Clothes festen and sowe greate Risshes.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iv. 39 Faire Philomela, why she but lost her tongue, And in a tedious sampler sowed her minde.

1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth iii. 33 His head was soone after sewed to his body by his friends, and committed to buriall.

1681 T. Dineley Jrnl. Tour Ireland in Trans. Kilkenny Archæol. Soc. 2nd Ser. 2 28 [They] adorn it with flowers, sewen to the shroud.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. vi. 86 Two slips of parchment, which she sowed round it, to prevent its being chafed.

1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 362 She had a black ribbon sewn round her lame finger.

figurative.1598 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Horace De Arte Poetica in Queen Elizabeth's Englishings (1899) 20 Oft to beginnings graue and shewes of great is sowed A purple pace.1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous i, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. III. 227 My own good-breeding is not so firmly sewed to me but that I can doff it, and resume it again without its losing a stitch.

c. with adverb, esp. on, together.

ΘΚΠ

sewc725

sewc1290

stitch1530

c1290 St. Edmund Conf. 54 in S. Eng. Leg. 433 And euere ȝwane heo sende heom cloþes..Þare-with heo wolde herene sende faste i-seuwede with-inne.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. iii. 7 Thei soweden to gidre leeues of a fige tree.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccxxiiij The other two and Paule also, had as it were sowed together certen fragmentes, and patches.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 105 Prams, sowed together with hempe and cord.

1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 43 I can compare such Productions to nothing but rich Pieces of Patch-work, sewed together with Pack-thread.

1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 269 Mere tents of dressed buffalo skins, sewed together and stretched on long poles.

1855 Lady E. Finch Sampler (ed. 2) 83 To Sew on a Button.

1901 L. F. Day & M. Buckle Art in Needlewk. (ed. 2) xii. 116 A thread may be laid across and sewn down—couched, as it is called.

d. Surgery. = to sew up at sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by stitching

to sew up1490

sew1520

stitch1847

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > unite fractures, wounds, etc. > heal a wound > stitch

to sew up1490

sew1520

stitch1580

needlea1715

1520 Lyfe Ioseph of Armathia (Pynson) sig. A.vi The wounde to sewe fast he began to spede.

1795 J. Bell Disc. Wounds 17 (note) The older Surgeons..called it a Continued Suture when they sewed the wound all along like a seam.

1801 J. Bell Princ. Surg. II. 52 Except in those cuts which are so slight as only to require a cloth to be wrapped about the part, every wound ought to be sewed.

e. Bookbinding. To fasten together the sheets of (a book) by passing a thread or wire backwards and forwards through the back fold of each sheet, so as to attach it to the bands: distinguished from stitch.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bind [verb (transitive)] > stitch

stitch1566

sew1637

stab1863

oversew1864

overcast1880

saddle-stitch1904

1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing §1 sig. B^v Nor cause any such [books] to be bound, stitched, or sowed.

1809 Countess of Charleville Let. 1 May in Lady Morgan Memoirs (1862) I. xxix. 366 I read Ida before it was all issued from the press, a volume being sent me as soon as sewed.

1880 J. W. Zaehnsdorf Art of Bookbinding v. 21 A third sheet having been sewn.., the needle brought out at the kettle-stitch, must be thrust between the two sheets first sewn.

1929 A. J. Vaughan Mod. Bookbinding i. 24 Before a book is sewn by hand the back is required to be marked..as a guide for the needle.

1968 I. Robinson Introd. Bookbinding 27 When the second section has been sewn the long and short ends of thread are drawn taut.

f. With cognate object: to make (a seam).

ΘΚΠ

sew1399

seam1582

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 166 Kerving þe cloþe all to pecis, Þat seuene goode sowers sixe wekes after Moun not sett þe seemes ne sewe hem aȝeyn.

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 11174 A man may se to sow a sem In the furthest of the chirche A-boute mydnyght.

1630 M. Drayton Muses Elizium viii. 69 And euery Seame the Nimphs shall sew With th' smallest of the Spinners Clue.

2. absol. and intransitive. To work with a needle and thread.

ΘΚΠ

sewc1450

to prick on a clout1584

stitch1697

needle1834

steek1865

c1450 Mirk's Festial 136 Þis man..toke hys schone to hym, and began forto sawe on hit. And as he sewet full helt [etc.].

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Siiii Whan a virgine begynneth first to lerne to sewe in the samplar.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. i. 78 As I was sowing in my closset.

a1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Art of Love (1709) i. 50 What means Eacides to spin and sow?

1846 J. E. Taylor Fairy Ring 65 She sat steadily at her work, sewing away at the shirts.

1855 R. Browning In a Year iii When I sewed or drew.

1891 W. Morris Poems by Way (1896) 162 Hellelil sitteth in bower there, And seweth at the seam so fair.

3. transitive. To enclose in, put into a cover or receptacle secured by sewing; = to sew up at sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

besewa1375

sewa1375

quilt1562

to stitch up1590

enseam1605

to sew up1611

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3060 Þan þa komeli quen kast in hire hert, sche wold wirche in þis wise wel to be sewed In an huge hindes hide as þe oþer were.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 195 Peraventure ȝe schal kepe my body if it be sewed [1432–50 sawede] in a hertes skyn.

c1400 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. App. 535 On caas ȝe mowe kepe my body ȝif hit is sewide [MS. γ ysuwed] in hertes lether.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vi. f. 73 Her picture..sowd in his apparell nere vnto his breste.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 133 Master, if euer I said loose-bodied gowne, sow me in the skirts of it.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 60 They sow'd them in the skins of Bears, And then set Dogs about their ears.

a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 34 Sow these Spices in a little bag.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxx. 261 Nell had still the piece of gold sewn in her dress.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxii. 281 The diamonds were sewed into her habit.

4. to sew up.

(a) To close (an orifice, a wound, also anything that envelops) by stitching the edges together.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by stitching

to sew up1490

sew1520

stitch1847

to sew up1490

sew1520

stitch1580

needlea1715

to sew up1490

to stitch up1580

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos li. (1890) 143 Merencyus..made his wounde to be shwed [? read sewed; Fr. faisoit couldre sa playe] vppe, that was yet full sore.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxxj The lordes sat still..neither whisperyng nor spekyng, as though their mouthes had been sowed up.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 144 I commanded the sleeues should be cut out, and sow'd vp againe.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 436. ⁋9 The Wound was exposed to the View of all who could delight in it, and sowed up on the Stage.

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 31/1 I sewed up the bag with my own hand.

1812 Ann. Reg., Chron. 37 A surgeon sewed up the wound.

1885 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 224 The fisher~men..generally sew up the mouth before placing it with others.

(b) transferred. To keep (one's mouth) resolutely closed.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)]

to hold one's tonguec897

to keep one's tonguec897

to be (hold oneself) stilla1000

to say littleOE

to hold one's mouthc1175

to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175

to keep (one's) silence?c1225

to hold (also have, keep) one's peacea1275

stillc1330

peacec1395

mum1440

to say neither buff nor baff1481

to keep (also play) mum1532

to charm the tonguec1540

to have (also set, keep) a hatch before the door1546

hush1548

to play (at) mumbudgeta1564

not to say buff to a wolf's shadow1590

to keep a still tongue in one's head1729

to sing small1738

to sew up1785

let that fly stick in (or to) the wall1814

to say (also know) neither buff nor stye1824

to choke back1844

mumchance1854

to keep one's trap shut1899

to choke up1907

to belt up1949

to keep (or stay) shtum1958

shtum1958

1785 H. Walpole Let. 20 June in Corr. (1965) XXXIII. 466 I sewed up my mouth, and though he addressed me two or three times, I answered nothing but Yes or No.

b. To enclose in a cover or receptacle and secure it by sewing.

ΘΚΠ

besewa1375

sewa1375

quilt1562

to stitch up1590

enseam1605

to sew up1611

1611 Bible (King James) Job xiv. 17 My transgression is sealed vp in a bagge, and thou sowest vp mine iniquitie.

1633 J. Ford Loves Sacrifice ii. sig. D4 A Creature Sow'd vp in painted cloth, might so be styl'd.

1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. K2^v But since It must be done, dispatch, and sowe Up in a sheet your Bride.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair li. 457 He has sewn up ever so many odalisques in sacks and tilted them into the Nile.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 234 A piece of paper sewed up in a cloth button.

c. slang.

(a) To tire out (a horse).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > exhaust (a horse) by excessive riding

override1609

jade1615

blow1651

to ride down1682

to sew up1826

to stump up1853

bucket1856

stump1883

(a)

1826 Sporting Mag. 19 17 He preserves his cattle in such rare condition, that with great difficulty are they to be ‘sewn up’.

1862 G. J. Whyte-Melville Inside Bar x I like you young fellows to enjoy yourselves..and sew up your horses and come home.

(b) To tire out, exhaust (a person); to nonplus, bring to a standstill; to put hors de combat; to outwit, cheat, swindle; also, to bring about the conviction of (a person).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)]

wearyc897

tirea1000

travailc1300

forwearya1325

taryc1375

tarc1440

matec1450

break1483

labour1496

overwearya1500

wear?1507

to wear out, forth1525

fatigate1535

stress1540

overtire1558

forwaste1563

to tire out1563

overwear1578

spend1582

out-tire1596

outwear1596

outweary1596

overspend1596

to toil out1596

attediate1603

bejade1620

lassate1623

harassa1626

overtask1628

tax1672

hag1674

trash1685

hatter1687

overtax1692

fatigue1693

to knock up1740

tire to death1740

overfatigue1741

fag1774

outdo1776

to do over1789

to use up1790

jade1798

overdo1817

frazzlea1825

worry1828

to sew up1837

to wear to death1840

to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847

gruel1850

to stump up1853

exhaust1860

finish1864

peter1869

knacker1886

grind1887

tew1893

crease1925

poop1931

raddle1951

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease or put a stop to > suddenly or abruptly (an action or person)

break1330

to break offc1340

to take up1530

to cut off1576

stunt1603

to cut up short1607

to cut short1611

pawl1797

to sew up1837

to stop short1837

burst1842

to pull up1861

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > outwit, get the better of

undergoa1325

circumvene1526

crossbitec1555

circumvent1564

gleek1577

outreach1579

fob1583

overreach1594

fub1600

encompassa1616

out-craftya1616

out-knave1648

mump1649

jockey1708

come1721

nail1735

slew1813

Jew1825

to sew up1837

to play (it) low down (on)1864

outfox1872

beat1873

outcraft1879

to get a beat on1889

old soldier1892

to put one over1905

to get one over on1912

to get one over1921

outsmart1926

shaft1959

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > convict or condemn [verb (transitive)] > secure the conviction of

to put in1911

to sew up1927

(b)

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxviii. 419 Here's Mr. Vinkle reg'larly sewed up vith desperation, Miss.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers liv. 587 ‘Busy!’ replied Pell; ‘I'm completely sewn up’.

1838 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 2nd Ser. x. 154 You might have traded with him, and got it for half nothin'; or bought it and failed, as some of our importin' marchants sew up the soft-horned British.

1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy xiii. 113 I have introduced him to you as soon as I could, and you must sew him up as quickly as you can.

?1856 F. E. Smedley Harry Coverdale's Courtship ii. 12 I did not think there was a man living who could have sewn me up in ten minutes like that; but you are..quick with your fists.

1857 A. Mayhew Paved with Gold ii. xvii He told Fred Tattenham in confidence that if the men who were in his debt did not come up to the scratch on settling day he should be regularly ‘sewed up’.

1927 Dial. Notes 5 462 Sew up, v., to convict on overwhelming evidence.

1929 D. Hammett Red Harvest vii. 80 I expected something like that. That's why I sewed you up. And you are sewed up.

1945 E. S. Gardner Case of Gold-digger's Purse xv. 159 The police have sewed him up on a written statement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make drunk > make very or insensibly drunk

to drink (also put, see, etc.) someone under the tablea1636

locus1829

to sew up1829

to drink under the table1897

mickey-finn1957

(c)

1829 Buckstone Billy Taylor Kitty. (Aside, and taking out a vial.) This liquid, sent me by Monsieur Chabert, The fire-king, will sew him up.

1840 J. T. J. Hewlett Peter Priggins xx, in New Monthly Mag. We must ply him with liquor, for I don't think a little will sew him up.

1842 S. Lover Handy Andy v To use Jack Horan's own phrase, the apothecary was sewed up before he had any suspicion of the fact.

(d) to sew up one's stocking: to put to silence, confute.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > confound, confute [phrase]

bray1535

to beat the nail back1581

to nail (a fact, information, etc.) to the counter1842

to nail a lie (also charge, etc.)1843

to sew up one's stocking1859

to knock galley-west1875

to knock the bottom out of1875

to shoot down in flames1943

(d)

1859 C. Reade Love me Little xxvi At this home thrust Mrs. Wilson was staggered... ‘Eh! Miss Lucy’, cried she, ‘but ye've got a tongue in your head. Ye've sewed up my stocking’.

d. colloquial. To bring (something) to a desired conclusion or condition; to complete satisfactorily; to organize or gain control of (a person or thing); spec. to ensure the favourable outcome of a game or match. Frequently in all sewn (or sewed) up.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > get into one's or its control

temea1387

to take hold1577

to lay, fasten a gripe on, upona1586

amenage1590

to get (a person, etc.) where the hair is short1872

cinch1875

to get a handle on1901

to sew up1904

the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > bring to an end or conclusion > satisfactorily

to sew up1904

to tie up1954

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > win

to pull off1860

snare1942

to sew up1953

sweep1960

1904 G. Ade True Bills 136 The Man with the Megaphone Voice cut no Ice whatsoever, for they had him sewed up.

1915 Dial. Notes 4 235 Sew up, v. phr., to make certain of (a place on a team, in a club, etc.).

1933 E. E. Cummings eimi 245 We glide to marriage ‘they've got that all sewed up’ blonde's mari affirms.

1936 ‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fools xxi. 198 He said that..he had Broadway sewed up—him and a few other fellows.

1942 E. S. Gardner Case of Careless Kitten (1944) xii. 100 By the time you get there, Lieutenant Tragg will have things sewed up so tight you'll have to pay admission to get within a block of the place.

1945 E. S. Gardner Case of Gold-digger's Purse xv. 165 The police have all the witnesses sewed up tight.

1953 A. Upfield Murder must Wait xxi. 191 A Chinese I..played draughts with..let me win a man..and I'd think I had him well sewn up..and then he'd clean the board.

1960 T. McLean Kings of Rugby xi. 163 It was Henderson who sewed up the match a moment later.

1977 News of World 17 Apr. 23/3 Charlton appeared to have the game sewn up.

1979 Quarto Oct. 3/1 During this period the novelists had it all sewn up.

e. To enclose or seal off. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place)

steeka1250

shut1340

to shut in1390

spear1445

seclude1451

to shut up1530

mure1550

block1630

lock1773

to lock up1824

seal1931

to sew up1962

to lock down1980

1962 New Statesman 21 Dec. 899/1 Knowing that it's only a matter of minutes before the Law would sew up the district with a cordon, we drop one of the team at the local railway station.

Compounds

sew-and-fell n. attributive made by sewing and felling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [adjective] > stitched or sewn > seam

run and fell1852

sew-and-fell1880

strapped1892

lapped1894

under-arm1908

1880 Plain Hints 27 The edge of the patch should be turned down as for a sew-and-fell seam.

sew-on adj. attached by sewing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [adjective] > stitched or sewn > attached by sewing

sew-on1905

sewn-on1961

1905–6 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall–Winter 158/4 Sew-on Hose Supporters, which are stitched on to corset.

1977 Evening Post (Nottingham) 24 Jan. 8/1 (advt.) Sew on Patches By Leomotif. Fantastic range of over 300 designs.

sew-round n. used attributively to designate a method of sewing the upper of a shoe directly to the sole; also n., a shoe so made.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [adjective] > shoemaking > method of sewing upper to sole

sew-round1885

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > other

high shoea1387

patten1390

nine1599

foot glove1720

nullifier1840

mud-scow1863

sew-round1885

trilby1895

Buster Brown1904

straight1934

1885 J. B. Leno Art of Boot- & Shoe-making xi. 94 In the best sewrounds, the sole is reduced to the thickness of the upper.

1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Nov. 4/3 Men engaged in the sewround branch of the boot trade.

1900 C. Russell & H. S. Lewis Jew in London 78 In the ‘sew-round’ or slipper-making trade.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† sewv.²

Forms: Also Middle English cew, Middle English–1500s shew, 1500s sewe.

Etymology: Back-formation < sewer n.²

Obsolete.

transitive. To place (food) on the table as a sewer does; intransitive to act as a sewer. The gloss cepulo in Promp. Parv. is due to association with sew n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (intransitive)]

servec1275

sewc1440

pour1539

to wait on the cup, the trencher, the table1552

sewerc1553

wait1568

to wait up1654

to serve away1709

help1805

to wait (the) table1827

to sling hash1860

to be mother1934

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (transitive)]

servec1275

spenda1375

serve1381

to serve forth1381

ministerc1400

messa1425

sewc1440

to serve ina1450

to serve upc1475

asservec1500

dish1587

appose1593

to usher in1613

send1662

to hand round1692

to serve away1709

hand1851

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 67/2 Cewyn, cepulo.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 454/2 Sewyn, at mete.., ferculo, sepulo.

c1440 J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep 208 A fatt goos..is sewid [v.r. served] vp atte kingis table.

a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 36 He [the sewer] seweth at one mele, and dyneth and soupeth at another mele.

c1500 Ffor to serve a Lord in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 370 First, mustard and brawne, swete wyne shewed therto.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 716/2 I sewe at meate, je taste.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xiiij^v The esquier whiche was accustomed to sewe and take the assaye beefore kyng Rychard.

?1560 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture (new ed.) sig. Aii^v In some places the keruer doth vse to shew and set down.

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iii. vii, in Wks. I. 564 (stage direct.) La-Foole passes ouer sewing the meate.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† sewv.³

Etymology: aphetic < Old French essuer, essuier (modern French essuyer) to wipe, cleanse < Latin exsūcāre to deprive of juice, < ex- out + sūcus juice.

Falconry. Obsolete.

transitive. Of a hawk: To wipe (the beak) after feeding.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [verb (transitive)] > action of Falconiformes

sewc1450

snite1486

warble1486

sweep?1533

aire1600

c1450 Bk. Hawking in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 296 An hawke suyth is beke and not wypith.

1486 Bk. St. Albans a vj An hawke snytith or sewith hir beke and not wipith hir beke.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 289 Let hir tire against the Sunne, snyting and sewing hir beake a little at your discretion.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

sewv.⁴

/sjuː/

Forms: Also 1500s seaw, sewe, 1600s siew, 1600s–1800s sue.

Etymology: < Old French (north-eastern) *sewer (latinized sewāre), aphetic < Old French essewer, essever < popular Latin *exaquāre, < Latin ex- out + aqua water. The Old English séon (past participle gesiwen ) had precisely the sense 2 below. It is possible that in this sense the verb may be a distinct word, from the Old English participle The French suer to sweat may also be a partial source.

1. transitive. To drain, draw off the water from. Now dialect. Also, †to draw off (water).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > draw water or moisture off (from)

strain15..

sewa1513

draina1552

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxii^v [They] slewe and hurte many of the Abbottes Tenauntes, and spoyled and brake his closures and warynnes and sewyd their pondes and waters.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 18 Sew ponds, amend dammes.

1579–80 T. North tr. Cæsar in Plutarch Lives (1595) 785 He determined to draine and seaw all the water of the marishes.

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. xiii. 45 Mills, for Siewing of surrounded grounds.

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 268 A good time to sew Fish-ponds, and take Fish.

1853 W. D. Cooper Gloss. Provincialisms Sussex (ed. 2) 80 Sue, to make furrows to draw off water from land.

1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Sew, to dry; to drain; as, ‘To sew a pond.’

2. intransitive. Of a liquid: To ooze out, exude. (Said also of the containing vessel.) Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > exude

syec893

sickerc897

weesec1000

bleedc1305

oozea1398

sweata1425

weeslea1555

sew1565

exude1574

outstreata1631

exudate1646

dew1658

suppurate1693

strain1707

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > in small quantity > slowly or through pore-like openings > out

sew1565

outstreata1631

1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis iv. f. 10 The droppes of blood that from the head did sew Of Gorgon beeing new cut of.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 292 Whensoeuer the humor makes a shew to sew out at the Hawkes eares.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §79 The Percolation or Suing of the Veriuyce through the wood.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §410 Some Wheat lay vnder the Pan, which was somewhat moistned by the Suing of the Pan.

1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) ii. clxvii. 25 The deadly juice that from his brain doth sue.

1807 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 24 549 The water sues through the brick work.

1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 337 Sew, to ooze out. Water, from wet land—blood, from a bound-up wound.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Sue, to issue in small quantities; to exude as a fluid from a vessel not sufficiently tight to confine it.

3. Nautical.

a. Of a ship: To be grounded, to be high and dry; also (with specifying addition), to have its water-line (so much) above the water.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > be aground (by so much) [verb (transitive)]

sewc1588

c1588 in State Papers Defeat Spanish Armada (1894) I. 16 For that she was aground and sewed two foot, and could not be gotten off.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 45 When the water is gone and the ships lies dry, we say she is Sewed; if her head but lie dry, she is Sewed a head; but if she cannot all lie dry, she cannot Sew there.

1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 166 The Water did Ebb, and the ship Sued above 3 Foot.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 178 At Low-Water she Sued about one Foot and a half.

1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expositor (at cited word) When a Ship at low Water comes to be on the Ground to lie dry, they say, she is Sewed; and if she be not quite left dry, they say, she Sews to such a Part.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Sewed If a ship runs aground on the tide of ebb, and it be required to know if she has sewed, the water line..is examined, and this mark being found above the water, she is said to be sewed by as much as is the difference.

1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 109 If the water has left her two feet, she has sued two feet.

†b. Of the water: To subside or diminish in depth. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > [verb (intransitive)] > diminish in depth

shoal1574

sew1748

shoal1889

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. vii. 355 The tide of ebb making, the water sewed to sixteen feet.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† sewv.⁵

Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

intransitive. Of a cow: To go dry. (Perhaps only a compiler's error; cf. sew adj.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > dairy farming > [verb (intransitive)] > go dry

sew1766

1766 Compl. Farmer (at cited word) To Sew, or go Sew, to go dry; spoken of a cow.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

n.¹c900

n.²1475

adj.1674

v.¹c725

v.²c1440

v.³c1450

v.⁴a1513

v.⁵1766

单词	sew
释义	† sewn.¹ Forms: Old English séaw, séa, (Middle English sæw), Middle English seew, seue, Middle English–1500s sewe, Middle English cewe, seau, Middle English–1600s sew, 1500s seu. Etymology: Old English séaw neuter = North Frisian sâie, sei, sii, Old High German sou, Middle High German (genitive sowes) juice, poison, food < Germanic sawwo-. Compare Old Norse sǫgg-r* wet, dank. The root may be identical with that of Greek ὕει ( < su-) it rains. Obsolete. 1. Juice, moisture, humour. (Old English only; but cf. Middle English elesaew n. oil, in Ormin.)Cf. the combinations liþséaw* synovia, plúmséaw plum-juice. ΚΠ c900 Bede Glosses in Sweet Old Eng. Texts 182 Sucum, sea. a1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 268 Wiþ ðæra earena sare, genim þisse sylfan wyrte [sc. of foxglove] seaw, mid rosan seawe. a1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 176 Cumaþ þa adla..on [? read of] yflum seawum. 2. Pottage, broth; a mess of pottage. (Cf. fig-sue n. at fig n.¹ Compounds 2)In the 15th cent. sometimes used as the equivalent of Old French civé onion broth, minced meat stewed with onions. (Cf. quot.c1440¹.) There may have been a disyllabic seve ( < Old French civé) which may have been confused with the native word because of the ambiguity of the spelling. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] brotha1000 pottage?c1225 pulmenta1325 hotchpot1381 sewc1386 wortsc1390 long wortsc1440 poddish1528 porridge?1533 hotchpotch1567 sowpa1568 potage1653 soup1653 bouillon1656 soupe1767 pot-au-feu1841 shackles1888 zuppa1961 c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 59 I wol nat letten of hir strange sewes. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 572/7 Cepiarium, sewe. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 825 Þenne ho sauerez with salt her seuez vchone. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 108 Þyse ilk renkez..Schul neuer..suppe on sope of my seve. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. lxix. 246 Flesh y-rostid, wych is more hottyr than in seau, or sode in watyr. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xxvii. 4 Whanne thou hast take ony thing bi huntyng, make to me a seew therof. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 67/2 Cewe, sepulatum. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 454/2 Sew, cepulatum. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. Cxvii^v Beware of eatynge of frutes, potages, and sewes. c1560 J. Lacy Wyl Bucke his Test. (Copland) sig. a.iii The potage stued tripes, and Noumbles in sewe. 1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) v. xxiiii. 108 To haue gud spiced Sewe, and Roste, and plum-pies for a King. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. xvi. 63 If a thicke grewell or sew be made thereof. 1633 J. Fisher Fuimus Troes iii. ix. sig. Gi Hidder, eke and shidder, With spiced sew ycramd. figurative.1645 Answ. Pref. 89 You..durst not upon the peril of quenching your kitchin-fire; put forth your single sew of translation, without the Coloquintida of your Annotations.attributive.1459 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 89 Item ij sewpottez. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). sewn.² Etymology: < Old French sewe, saiwe, aphetic < esseve , escheve , < essever sew v.⁴But compare the synonymous sough n.² (northern dialect seugh ), which may conceivably have undergone alteration through association with sew v.⁴ and sewer n.¹ Obsolete exc. dialect. A sewer, drain. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer cockey1390 gutterc1440 soughc1440 sew1475 withdraught1493 sink1499 syre1513 closet1531 draught1533 vault1533 drain1552 fleet1583 issue1588 drainer1598 guzzle1598 shore1598 sewer1609 vennel1641 cloaca1656 cuniculus1670 pend1817 thurrock1847 sewer line1977 1475 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 27 The hows of Robert Raynald next by stoppes the watyr sew, that the water may not hawe it reght corsse. 1475 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 27 The new sewes in Gouththorp..is defectyve. 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 391/2 Cloaca, the towne sinke: the common sew. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 237 Common Sewes or Sinks. 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Sew, an underground drain. 1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words 127 Sew—Mig hole, sewer, muck midden. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021). sewadj. /sjuː/ Forms: Also sue, zoo, etc. Etymology: ? Shortened form of a-sew (s.w. dialect): see Eng. Dial. Dict.This word may possibly represent Old English ásiwen, past participle of áséon to strain, drain. dialect. a. Of a cow: Dry of milk. Chiefly in to go sew, also to go to sew. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > dairy farming > [adjective] > yielding milk > not dryc1450 yeld1670 sew1674 1674 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 76 To go Sew: i.e. to go dry, Suss[ex] spoken of a cow. 1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 7 Thee hast a let the Kee go zoo vor Want o' strocking. 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. (at cited word) A cow is said to be gone to sew when her milk is dried off. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Zoo We milks twenty cows, but you know they never baint all in milk to once, some be always zoo. b. The alleged substantive use = ‘a cow which gives no milk’ is perhaps based on an erroneous analysis of a-sew (see above). ΚΠ 1681 J. Worlidge Systema Agric. 331 A Cow is a Sew when her Milk is gone. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Sew (Country-word), a Cow, when her Milk is gone. 1885 G. Sweetman Gloss. Wincanton (E.D.D.) This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). sewv.¹ Brit. /səʊ/, U.S. /soʊ/ Forms: Past tense sewed /səʊd/. past participle sewed, sewn /səʊn/. Forms: Old English seowan, siwan, seowian, siowian, siwian, Middle English sewen, Middle English seouwen, Middle English seu, souwe, sowen, Middle English–1500s sewe, Middle English–1700s sowe, (Middle English sawe), 1500s Scottish schew, 1500s–1600s, 1800s sow, 1600s–1800s Scottish shew, Middle English– sew. past participle Old English seowed, Middle English ise(o)uwed, Middle English isued, y-sewed, Middle English–1700s sowed, (Middle English saude, sawede), 1500s soude, sowd, Scottish sowit, 1600s sewit, Middle English– sewed; Middle English–1500s sowen, 1600s sewen, 1800s– sewn. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic and Indogermanic: Old English siwan, siowan (usually, with change of conjugation, siwian, siowian, seowian) = Old Frisian sîa (modern Frisian dialect siije), Old High German siuwen, Old Norse sýja (Swedish sy, Danish sye), Gothic siujan < Germanic siwjan, cognate with the synonymous Latin suĕre, Greek (κασ-)σύειν, Latvian šūt, Old Church Slavonic šiti* (Russian šit′, šivat′), Sanskrit siv (3rd singular present sīvyati, past participle syūtá; derivatives are syū (feminine), needle or thread, syūman suture). The root (for which Hirt suggests a primary form seyewa- ) appears in the words above quoted as syū- : sīw . Another ablaut-grade, syou- , is found in Germanic saumo- seam n.⁴ The pronunciation /səʊ/ is abnormal (compare strow, variant of strew, representing Old English streowian); the written forms show that it goes back at least to the 14th cent. In the 17th cent. sew* sometimes rhymes with clue, new; the modern Scottish pronunciation is /ʃu/. 1. a. transitive. To fasten, attach, or join (pieces of textile material, leather, etc.) by passing a thread in alternate directions through a series of punctures made either with a needle carrying the thread, or with an awl; to make the seams of (a garment, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together sewc725 stitch?c1225 preena1275 steek1502 to stitch up1590 baste1600 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > fasten or attach by sewc725 sewc1290 stitch1530 c725 Corpus Gloss. 1773 Sarcio, siouu. c1000 Ælfric Genesis iii. 7 Hig..siwodon ficleaf and worhton him wædbrec. c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xv. 23 Sum sutere siwode [v.r. seowode] þæs halgan weres sceos. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 308 Schapeð & seoweð & mandeð chirche claðes. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋256 They sowed of fige-leves a manere of breches. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19766 To seu þe pouer þair clething. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 36 Fylle þy bagge..And sew hit fast. 1566 in D. H. Fleming Mary Q. of Scots (1897) 506 Item of lyncum tuyne to schew the Quens curges tua unce. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health i. f. 21 A Bagge..shaped and sowen after this manner. 1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas in Wks. (1910) II. 171 When shoomakers make shoes, That are wel sowed. 1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 29 Bring home the old ones, I again will sew And dearn them up to be as good as new. 1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) xi. 283 A boy who sowes point in the forenoon. 1843 T. Hood Song of Shirt 31 Sewing at once, with a double thread, A Shroud as well as a Shirt. 1880 ‘Ouida’ Moths I. 40 She can get a girl to sew them for her. b. To fasten, attach, or fix (something) by this process on, upon, in, to, round (etc.) something else. ΚΠ a1000 West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 21 Nan man ne siwaþ niwne scyp to ealdum reafe. c1290 Beket 1804 in S. Eng. Leg. 158 In þe schipes seile an heiȝ þis holi man let do Ane Croiz, þat Man fer isaiȝ Iseuwed faste þer-to. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xvi. 16 I souwide a sac vpon my skin. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 685 A vernycle hadde he sowed vp on his cappe. 1464 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 376 As it appiers in a cedule to þis sewed. 1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 Preamble The seid Diers..uppon the lystes of the same Clothes festen and sowe greate Risshes. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iv. 39 Faire Philomela, why she but lost her tongue, And in a tedious sampler sowed her minde. View more context for this quotation 1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth iii. 33 His head was soone after sewed to his body by his friends, and committed to buriall. 1681 T. Dineley Jrnl. Tour Ireland in Trans. Kilkenny Archæol. Soc. 2nd Ser. 2 28 [They] adorn it with flowers, sewen to the shroud. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. vi. 86 Two slips of parchment, which she sowed round it, to prevent its being chafed. 1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 362 She had a black ribbon sewn round her lame finger. figurative.1598 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Horace De Arte Poetica in Queen Elizabeth's Englishings (1899) 20 Oft to beginnings graue and shewes of great is sowed A purple pace.1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous i, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. III. 227 My own good-breeding is not so firmly sewed to me but that I can doff it, and resume it again without its losing a stitch. c. with adverb, esp. on, together. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > fasten or attach by sewc725 sewc1290 stitch1530 c1290 St. Edmund Conf. 54 in S. Eng. Leg. 433 And euere ȝwane heo sende heom cloþes..Þare-with heo wolde herene sende faste i-seuwede with-inne. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. iii. 7 Thei soweden to gidre leeues of a fige tree. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccxxiiij The other two and Paule also, had as it were sowed together certen fragmentes, and patches. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 105 Prams, sowed together with hempe and cord. 1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 43 I can compare such Productions to nothing but rich Pieces of Patch-work, sewed together with Pack-thread. 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 269 Mere tents of dressed buffalo skins, sewed together and stretched on long poles. 1855 Lady E. Finch Sampler (ed. 2) 83 To Sew on a Button. 1901 L. F. Day & M. Buckle Art in Needlewk. (ed. 2) xii. 116 A thread may be laid across and sewn down—couched, as it is called. d. Surgery. = to sew up at sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by stitching to sew up1490 sew1520 stitch1847 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > unite fractures, wounds, etc. > heal a wound > stitch to sew up1490 sew1520 stitch1580 needlea1715 1520 Lyfe Ioseph of Armathia (Pynson) sig. A.vi The wounde to sewe fast he began to spede. 1795 J. Bell Disc. Wounds 17 (note) The older Surgeons..called it a Continued Suture when they sewed the wound all along like a seam. 1801 J. Bell Princ. Surg. II. 52 Except in those cuts which are so slight as only to require a cloth to be wrapped about the part, every wound ought to be sewed. e. Bookbinding. To fasten together the sheets of (a book) by passing a thread or wire backwards and forwards through the back fold of each sheet, so as to attach it to the bands: distinguished from stitch. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bind [verb (transitive)] > stitch stitch1566 sew1637 stab1863 oversew1864 overcast1880 saddle-stitch1904 1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing §1 sig. B^v Nor cause any such [books] to be bound, stitched, or sowed. 1809 Countess of Charleville Let. 1 May in Lady Morgan Memoirs (1862) I. xxix. 366 I read Ida before it was all issued from the press, a volume being sent me as soon as sewed. 1880 J. W. Zaehnsdorf Art of Bookbinding v. 21 A third sheet having been sewn.., the needle brought out at the kettle-stitch, must be thrust between the two sheets first sewn. 1929 A. J. Vaughan Mod. Bookbinding i. 24 Before a book is sewn by hand the back is required to be marked..as a guide for the needle. 1968 I. Robinson Introd. Bookbinding 27 When the second section has been sewn the long and short ends of thread are drawn taut. f. With cognate object: to make (a seam). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > make or fasten by seam sew1399 seam1582 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 166 Kerving þe cloþe all to pecis, Þat seuene goode sowers sixe wekes after Moun not sett þe seemes ne sewe hem aȝeyn. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 11174 A man may se to sow a sem In the furthest of the chirche A-boute mydnyght. 1630 M. Drayton Muses Elizium viii. 69 And euery Seame the Nimphs shall sew With th' smallest of the Spinners Clue. 2. absol. and intransitive. To work with a needle and thread. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (intransitive)] > sew sewc1450 to prick on a clout1584 stitch1697 needle1834 steek1865 c1450 Mirk's Festial 136 Þis man..toke hys schone to hym, and began forto sawe on hit. And as he sewet full helt [etc.]. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Siiii Whan a virgine begynneth first to lerne to sewe in the samplar. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. i. 78 As I was sowing in my closset. a1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Art of Love (1709) i. 50 What means Eacides to spin and sow? 1846 J. E. Taylor Fairy Ring 65 She sat steadily at her work, sewing away at the shirts. 1855 R. Browning In a Year iii When I sewed or drew. 1891 W. Morris Poems by Way (1896) 162 Hellelil sitteth in bower there, And seweth at the seam so fair. 3. transitive. To enclose in, put into a cover or receptacle secured by sewing; = to sew up at sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > enclose in besewa1375 sewa1375 quilt1562 to stitch up1590 enseam1605 to sew up1611 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3060 Þan þa komeli quen kast in hire hert, sche wold wirche in þis wise wel to be sewed In an huge hindes hide as þe oþer were. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 195 Peraventure ȝe schal kepe my body if it be sewed [1432–50 sawede] in a hertes skyn. c1400 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. App. 535 On caas ȝe mowe kepe my body ȝif hit is sewide [MS. γ ysuwed] in hertes lether. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vi. f. 73 Her picture..sowd in his apparell nere vnto his breste. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 133 Master, if euer I said loose-bodied gowne, sow me in the skirts of it. View more context for this quotation 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 60 They sow'd them in the skins of Bears, And then set Dogs about their ears. a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 34 Sow these Spices in a little bag. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxx. 261 Nell had still the piece of gold sewn in her dress. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxii. 281 The diamonds were sewed into her habit. 4. to sew up. a. (a) To close (an orifice, a wound, also anything that envelops) by stitching the edges together. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by stitching to sew up1490 sew1520 stitch1847 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > unite fractures, wounds, etc. > heal a wound > stitch to sew up1490 sew1520 stitch1580 needlea1715 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > close by to sew up1490 to stitch up1580 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos li. (1890) 143 Merencyus..made his wounde to be shwed [? read sewed; Fr. faisoit couldre sa playe] vppe, that was yet full sore. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxxj The lordes sat still..neither whisperyng nor spekyng, as though their mouthes had been sowed up. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 144 I commanded the sleeues should be cut out, and sow'd vp againe. View more context for this quotation 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 436. ⁋9 The Wound was exposed to the View of all who could delight in it, and sowed up on the Stage. 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 31/1 I sewed up the bag with my own hand. 1812 Ann. Reg., Chron. 37 A surgeon sewed up the wound. 1885 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 224 The fisher~men..generally sew up the mouth before placing it with others. (b) transferred. To keep (one's mouth) resolutely closed.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] to hold one's tonguec897 to keep one's tonguec897 to be (hold oneself) stilla1000 to say littleOE to hold one's mouthc1175 to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175 to keep (one's) silence?c1225 to hold (also have, keep) one's peacea1275 stillc1330 peacec1395 mum1440 to say neither buff nor baff1481 to keep (also play) mum1532 to charm the tonguec1540 to have (also set, keep) a hatch before the door1546 hush1548 to play (at) mumbudgeta1564 not to say buff to a wolf's shadow1590 to keep a still tongue in one's head1729 to sing small1738 to sew up1785 let that fly stick in (or to) the wall1814 to say (also know) neither buff nor stye1824 to choke back1844 mumchance1854 to keep one's trap shut1899 to choke up1907 to belt up1949 to keep (or stay) shtum1958 shtum1958 1785 H. Walpole Let. 20 June in Corr. (1965) XXXIII. 466 I sewed up my mouth, and though he addressed me two or three times, I answered nothing but Yes or No. b. To enclose in a cover or receptacle and secure it by sewing. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > enclose in besewa1375 sewa1375 quilt1562 to stitch up1590 enseam1605 to sew up1611 1611 Bible (King James) Job xiv. 17 My transgression is sealed vp in a bagge, and thou sowest vp mine iniquitie. View more context for this quotation 1633 J. Ford Loves Sacrifice ii. sig. D4 A Creature Sow'd vp in painted cloth, might so be styl'd. 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. K2^v But since It must be done, dispatch, and sowe Up in a sheet your Bride. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair li. 457 He has sewn up ever so many odalisques in sacks and tilted them into the Nile. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 234 A piece of paper sewed up in a cloth button. c. slang. (a) To tire out (a horse). ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > exhaust (a horse) by excessive riding override1609 jade1615 blow1651 to ride down1682 to sew up1826 to stump up1853 bucket1856 stump1883 (a) 1826 Sporting Mag. 19 17 He preserves his cattle in such rare condition, that with great difficulty are they to be ‘sewn up’. 1862 G. J. Whyte-Melville Inside Bar x I like you young fellows to enjoy yourselves..and sew up your horses and come home. (b) To tire out, exhaust (a person); to nonplus, bring to a standstill; to put hors de combat; to outwit, cheat, swindle; also, to bring about the conviction of (a person). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] wearyc897 tirea1000 travailc1300 forwearya1325 taryc1375 tarc1440 matec1450 break1483 labour1496 overwearya1500 wear?1507 to wear out, forth1525 fatigate1535 stress1540 overtire1558 forwaste1563 to tire out1563 overwear1578 spend1582 out-tire1596 outwear1596 outweary1596 overspend1596 to toil out1596 attediate1603 bejade1620 lassate1623 harassa1626 overtask1628 tax1672 hag1674 trash1685 hatter1687 overtax1692 fatigue1693 to knock up1740 tire to death1740 overfatigue1741 fag1774 outdo1776 to do over1789 to use up1790 jade1798 overdo1817 frazzlea1825 worry1828 to sew up1837 to wear to death1840 to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847 gruel1850 to stump up1853 exhaust1860 finish1864 peter1869 knacker1886 grind1887 tew1893 crease1925 poop1931 raddle1951 the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease or put a stop to > suddenly or abruptly (an action or person) break1330 to break offc1340 to take up1530 to cut off1576 stunt1603 to cut up short1607 to cut short1611 pawl1797 to sew up1837 to stop short1837 burst1842 to pull up1861 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > outwit, get the better of undergoa1325 circumvene1526 crossbitec1555 circumvent1564 gleek1577 outreach1579 fob1583 overreach1594 fub1600 encompassa1616 out-craftya1616 out-knave1648 mump1649 jockey1708 come1721 nail1735 slew1813 Jew1825 to sew up1837 to play (it) low down (on)1864 outfox1872 beat1873 outcraft1879 to get a beat on1889 old soldier1892 to put one over1905 to get one over on1912 to get one over1921 outsmart1926 shaft1959 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > convict or condemn [verb (transitive)] > secure the conviction of to put in1911 to sew up1927 (b) 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxviii. 419 Here's Mr. Vinkle reg'larly sewed up vith desperation, Miss. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers liv. 587 ‘Busy!’ replied Pell; ‘I'm completely sewn up’. 1838 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 2nd Ser. x. 154 You might have traded with him, and got it for half nothin'; or bought it and failed, as some of our importin' marchants sew up the soft-horned British. 1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy xiii. 113 I have introduced him to you as soon as I could, and you must sew him up as quickly as you can. ?1856 F. E. Smedley Harry Coverdale's Courtship ii. 12 I did not think there was a man living who could have sewn me up in ten minutes like that; but you are..quick with your fists. 1857 A. Mayhew Paved with Gold ii. xvii He told Fred Tattenham in confidence that if the men who were in his debt did not come up to the scratch on settling day he should be regularly ‘sewed up’. 1927 Dial. Notes 5 462 Sew up, v., to convict on overwhelming evidence. 1929 D. Hammett Red Harvest vii. 80 I expected something like that. That's why I sewed you up. And you are sewed up. 1945 E. S. Gardner Case of Gold-digger's Purse xv. 159 The police have sewed him up on a written statement. (c) To make hopelessly drunk. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make drunk > make very or insensibly drunk to drink (also put, see, etc.) someone under the tablea1636 locus1829 to sew up1829 to drink under the table1897 mickey-finn1957 (c) 1829 Buckstone Billy Taylor Kitty. (Aside, and taking out a vial.) This liquid, sent me by Monsieur Chabert, The fire-king, will sew him up. 1840 J. T. J. Hewlett Peter Priggins xx, in New Monthly Mag. We must ply him with liquor, for I don't think a little will sew him up. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy v To use Jack Horan's own phrase, the apothecary was sewed up before he had any suspicion of the fact. (d) to sew up one's stocking: to put to silence, confute. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > confound, confute [phrase] bray1535 to beat the nail back1581 to nail (a fact, information, etc.) to the counter1842 to nail a lie (also charge, etc.)1843 to sew up one's stocking1859 to knock galley-west1875 to knock the bottom out of1875 to shoot down in flames1943 (d) 1859 C. Reade Love me Little xxvi At this home thrust Mrs. Wilson was staggered... ‘Eh! Miss Lucy’, cried she, ‘but ye've got a tongue in your head. Ye've sewed up my stocking’. d. colloquial. To bring (something) to a desired conclusion or condition; to complete satisfactorily; to organize or gain control of (a person or thing); spec. to ensure the favourable outcome of a game or match. Frequently in all sewn (or sewed) up. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > get into one's or its control temea1387 to take hold1577 to lay, fasten a gripe on, upona1586 amenage1590 to get (a person, etc.) where the hair is short1872 cinch1875 to get a handle on1901 to sew up1904 the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > bring to an end or conclusion > satisfactorily to sew up1904 to tie up1954 society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > win to pull off1860 snare1942 to sew up1953 sweep1960 1904 G. Ade True Bills 136 The Man with the Megaphone Voice cut no Ice whatsoever, for they had him sewed up. 1915 Dial. Notes 4 235 Sew up, v. phr., to make certain of (a place on a team, in a club, etc.). 1933 E. E. Cummings eimi 245 We glide to marriage ‘they've got that all sewed up’ blonde's mari affirms. 1936 ‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fools xxi. 198 He said that..he had Broadway sewed up—him and a few other fellows. 1942 E. S. Gardner Case of Careless Kitten (1944) xii. 100 By the time you get there, Lieutenant Tragg will have things sewed up so tight you'll have to pay admission to get within a block of the place. 1945 E. S. Gardner Case of Gold-digger's Purse xv. 165 The police have all the witnesses sewed up tight. 1953 A. Upfield Murder must Wait xxi. 191 A Chinese I..played draughts with..let me win a man..and I'd think I had him well sewn up..and then he'd clean the board. 1960 T. McLean Kings of Rugby xi. 163 It was Henderson who sewed up the match a moment later. 1977 News of World 17 Apr. 23/3 Charlton appeared to have the game sewn up. 1979 Quarto Oct. 3/1 During this period the novelists had it all sewn up. e. To enclose or seal off. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place) steeka1250 shut1340 to shut in1390 spear1445 seclude1451 to shut up1530 mure1550 block1630 lock1773 to lock up1824 seal1931 to sew up1962 to lock down1980 1962 New Statesman 21 Dec. 899/1 Knowing that it's only a matter of minutes before the Law would sew up the district with a cordon, we drop one of the team at the local railway station. Compounds sew-and-fell n. attributive made by sewing and felling. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [adjective] > stitched or sewn > seam run and fell1852 sew-and-fell1880 strapped1892 lapped1894 under-arm1908 1880 Plain Hints 27 The edge of the patch should be turned down as for a sew-and-fell seam. sew-on adj. attached by sewing. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [adjective] > stitched or sewn > attached by sewing sew-on1905 sewn-on1961 1905–6 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall–Winter 158/4 Sew-on Hose Supporters, which are stitched on to corset. 1977 Evening Post (Nottingham) 24 Jan. 8/1 (advt.) Sew on Patches By Leomotif. Fantastic range of over 300 designs. sew-round n. used attributively to designate a method of sewing the upper of a shoe directly to the sole; also n., a shoe so made. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [adjective] > shoemaking > method of sewing upper to sole sew-round1885 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > other high shoea1387 patten1390 nine1599 foot glove1720 nullifier1840 mud-scow1863 sew-round1885 trilby1895 Buster Brown1904 straight1934 1885 J. B. Leno Art of Boot- & Shoe-making xi. 94 In the best sewrounds, the sole is reduced to the thickness of the upper. 1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Nov. 4/3 Men engaged in the sewround branch of the boot trade. 1900 C. Russell & H. S. Lewis Jew in London 78 In the ‘sew-round’ or slipper-making trade. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † sewv.² Forms: Also Middle English cew, Middle English–1500s shew, 1500s sewe. Etymology: Back-formation < sewer n.² Obsolete. transitive. To place (food) on the table as a sewer does; intransitive to act as a sewer. The gloss cepulo in Promp. Parv. is due to association with sew n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (intransitive)] servec1275 sewc1440 pour1539 to wait on the cup, the trencher, the table1552 sewerc1553 wait1568 to wait up1654 to serve away1709 help1805 to wait (the) table1827 to sling hash1860 to be mother1934 the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (transitive)] servec1275 spenda1375 serve1381 to serve forth1381 ministerc1400 messa1425 sewc1440 to serve ina1450 to serve upc1475 asservec1500 dish1587 appose1593 to usher in1613 send1662 to hand round1692 to serve away1709 hand1851 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 67/2 Cewyn, cepulo. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 454/2 Sewyn, at mete.., ferculo, sepulo. c1440 J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep 208 A fatt goos..is sewid [v.r. served] vp atte kingis table. a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 36 He [the sewer] seweth at one mele, and dyneth and soupeth at another mele. c1500 Ffor to serve a Lord in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 370 First, mustard and brawne, swete wyne shewed therto. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 716/2 I sewe at meate, je taste. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xiiij^v The esquier whiche was accustomed to sewe and take the assaye beefore kyng Rychard. ?1560 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture (new ed.) sig. Aii^v In some places the keruer doth vse to shew and set down. 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iii. vii, in Wks. I. 564 (stage direct.) La-Foole passes ouer sewing the meate. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † sewv.³ Etymology: aphetic < Old French essuer, essuier (modern French essuyer) to wipe, cleanse < Latin exsūcāre to deprive of juice, < ex- out + sūcus juice. Falconry. Obsolete. transitive. Of a hawk: To wipe (the beak) after feeding. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [verb (transitive)] > action of Falconiformes sewc1450 snite1486 warble1486 sweep?1533 aire1600 c1450 Bk. Hawking in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 296 An hawke suyth is beke and not wypith. 1486 Bk. St. Albans a vj An hawke snytith or sewith hir beke and not wipith hir beke. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 289 Let hir tire against the Sunne, snyting and sewing hir beake a little at your discretion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). sewv.⁴ /sjuː/ Forms: Also 1500s seaw, sewe, 1600s siew, 1600s–1800s sue. Etymology: < Old French (north-eastern) sewer (latinized sewāre), aphetic < Old French essewer, essever* < popular Latin exaquāre, < Latin ex-* out + aqua water. The Old English séon (past participle gesiwen ) had precisely the sense 2 below. It is possible that in this sense the verb may be a distinct word, from the Old English participle The French suer to sweat may also be a partial source. 1. transitive. To drain, draw off the water from. Now dialect. Also, †to draw off (water). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > draw water or moisture off (from) strain15.. sewa1513 draina1552 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxii^v [They] slewe and hurte many of the Abbottes Tenauntes, and spoyled and brake his closures and warynnes and sewyd their pondes and waters. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 18 Sew ponds, amend dammes. 1579–80 T. North tr. Cæsar in Plutarch Lives (1595) 785 He determined to draine and seaw all the water of the marishes. 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. xiii. 45 Mills, for Siewing of surrounded grounds. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 268 A good time to sew Fish-ponds, and take Fish. 1853 W. D. Cooper Gloss. Provincialisms Sussex (ed. 2) 80 Sue, to make furrows to draw off water from land. 1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Sew, to dry; to drain; as, ‘To sew a pond.’ 2. intransitive. Of a liquid: To ooze out, exude. (Said also of the containing vessel.) Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > exude syec893 sickerc897 weesec1000 bleedc1305 oozea1398 sweata1425 weeslea1555 sew1565 exude1574 outstreata1631 exudate1646 dew1658 suppurate1693 strain1707 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > in small quantity > slowly or through pore-like openings > out sew1565 outstreata1631 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis iv. f. 10 The droppes of blood that from the head did sew Of Gorgon beeing new cut of. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 292 Whensoeuer the humor makes a shew to sew out at the Hawkes eares. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §79 The Percolation or Suing of the Veriuyce through the wood. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §410 Some Wheat lay vnder the Pan, which was somewhat moistned by the Suing of the Pan. 1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) ii. clxvii. 25 The deadly juice that from his brain doth sue. 1807 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 24 549 The water sues through the brick work. 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 337 Sew, to ooze out. Water, from wet land—blood, from a bound-up wound. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Sue, to issue in small quantities; to exude as a fluid from a vessel not sufficiently tight to confine it. 3. Nautical. a. Of a ship: To be grounded, to be high and dry; also (with specifying addition), to have its water-line (so much) above the water. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > be aground (by so much) [verb (transitive)] sewc1588 c1588 in State Papers Defeat Spanish Armada (1894) I. 16 For that she was aground and sewed two foot, and could not be gotten off. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 45 When the water is gone and the ships lies dry, we say she is Sewed; if her head but lie dry, she is Sewed a head; but if she cannot all lie dry, she cannot Sew there. 1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 166 The Water did Ebb, and the ship Sued above 3 Foot. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 178 At Low-Water she Sued about one Foot and a half. 1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expositor (at cited word) When a Ship at low Water comes to be on the Ground to lie dry, they say, she is Sewed; and if she be not quite left dry, they say, she Sews to such a Part. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Sewed If a ship runs aground on the tide of ebb, and it be required to know if she has sewed, the water line..is examined, and this mark being found above the water, she is said to be sewed by as much as is the difference. 1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 109 If the water has left her two feet, she has sued two feet. †b. Of the water: To subside or diminish in depth. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > [verb (intransitive)] > diminish in depth shoal1574 sew1748 shoal1889 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. vii. 355 The tide of ebb making, the water sewed to sixteen feet. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † sewv.⁵ Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. intransitive. Of a cow: To go dry. (Perhaps only a compiler's error; cf. sew adj.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > dairy farming > [verb (intransitive)] > go dry sew1766 1766 Compl. Farmer (at cited word) To Sew, or go Sew, to go dry; spoken of a cow. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹c900n.²1475adj.1674v.¹c725v.²c1440v.³c1450v.⁴a1513v.⁵1766
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† sewn.1

sewn.2

sewadj.

sewv.1

Compounds

† sewv.2

† sewv.3

sewv.4

† sewv.5

† sewn.¹

sewn.²

sewv.¹

† sewv.²

† sewv.³

sewv.⁴

† sewv.⁵