severallyadv.
/ˈsɛv(ə)rəli/, /ˈsɛv(ə)rl̩i/, U.S. /ˈsɛv(ə)rəli/, West African English /ˈsɛvrali/ 1. † c. Preceded by numeral adverb: On two (etc.) separate occasions. Obsolete.
a. Separately, individually; each of a number of persons or things by himself or itself; each successively or in turn.
(a) with distributive adjective or pronoun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > individually (not collectively)
sunderlyeOE
sundryOE
sundrilyOE
sunderlepesOE
serelepesc1175
serelya1375
severinglya1390
sunderlingc1390
properlya1393
serea1400
severally1399
departinglya1425
diviselyc1449
severately1470
sunderwisea1550
separately1552
disjunctively1590
semovedly1593
distributively1597
particular1599
dividedly1607
dividually1631
separatively1789
1399 Rolls of Parl. III. 451/1 The Answeres of certeins Lordes..ware herd, iche man severallyche by hymself.
?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye i. sig. b7v Let vs se how he answereth the argument, and severallye examine everye parte.
1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. H.iijv The Bishop with the Priestes presente shall laye their handes seuerally vpon the heade of euery one that receaueth orders.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxviijv He had spoken with eyther of them seuerally.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxviii. 182 In speaking vnto euery communicant seuerally.
1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *C All his Pilgrims are severally distinguish'd from each other.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 122 He turned severally to each for their opinion.
1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 22 I take it for granted, that every intelligent man, woman, and child..has stood severally and respectively in Little Russel Street.
(b) referring to plural subject or object.
ΚΠ
c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 101 It nedys noght þat a kyng aske conseyll of vs, of any of his pryue doynges, But þat he aske seuerally of some his conseill.
a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 286 Endentures seuerally made be-twix the seyde Meyre & the Collectours.
1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii. iii, in Wks. 209/2 Whan thei be wisely & seuerally examined, thei can seldome so well make their tale before, but that their vntrouth shall in some parte appere.
1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars vi. xxxiii. 133 Yet heere and there they seu'rally withdrew.
1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 33 We must needs try them severally.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth i, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 13 Receiving the mute salutations of the members of the council whom he had severally addressed.
1890 Gladstone in Daily News 31 Dec. 5/7 My own inability to acknowledge severally the gifts..which have reached..me.
1892 B. F. Westcott Gospel of Life 33 We severally think with a mind which is more or less in harmony with a universal mind.
b.
(a) In legal language, opposed to jointly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > individually (not collectively) > as opposed to jointly
severally1447
1447 Rolls of Parl. V. 140/1 An action of trespasse ayenst such takers and ayenst all thaym, to whom the possession..comes..joyntly or severally.
1474 Rolls of Parl. VI. 115/2 That the same Shires..stond and be severally chargeable and charged of the same men Archers.
1528 S. Gardiner in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. l. 104 To proceed jointly or severally with your grace.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. §296 In this case of the two Abbots in respect of their seuerall capacities, albeit the words be ioynt, yet the Law doth adiudge them to be seuerally seised.
1652 tr. A. Fitzherbert New Natura Brevium 38 Whether they shall recover severally damages upon that joynt count, it is a doubt.
1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iii. 396 In Correality each creditor is severally entitled to receive, and each debtor is severally bound to discharge, the whole Object of the obligation.
1885 J. Grant Royal Highlanders ii. 19 Holcroft would in some way or other bring trouble upon them conjunctly or severally.
(b) jointly (Sc. conjunctly) and severally.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal concepts > [adverb] > collectively and individually
jointly (Sc. conjunctly) and severally1454
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately > specifically in law
jointly (Sc. conjunctly) and severally1454
1454 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis (1845) I. 261 Be it kende til al men me Edwarde of þe Vesthale til haf maide [the several persons named] coniunctly and seuerly my ful procuratoris.
1467 Godstow Reg. 347 They made..Iohn Baywell and Symond Turnere..there trew and lawfull attorneyes, ioyntly and severally, to entre and delyver in ther name.
1554 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1790) 1 That thay, and ilk ane of thaim, conjunctlie and severalie, suld lelelie and trewlie minister in the said office of curatry.
1597 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 117 The quhilk to do we commit to you, coniunctlie and severallie, our full power, be this our precept.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. ii. xii. 193 A devise to two persons, to hold jointly and severally, is a joint-tenancy.
1826 G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scotl. (ed. 5) I. 346 If the co-obligants be bound jointly and severally, any one may be taken for the whole debt.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. at Conjunctly When two or more persons are bound conjunctly and severally to perform an obligation, they are liable singuli in solidum, and it is in the option of the creditor to exact performance, either from each of them proportionally, or to enforce the obligation to the full extent against any one of them, leaving him to seek his relief from the rest.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > on two occasions, twice, or for a second time
eftc825
eftsoonc1000
twicec1122
eft-sitha1300
secondly1382
twice1382
sere twicea1400
secondarilyc1475
eftersoonsc1540
secondarly1543
severallya1577
twicea1656
bis1877
a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.iij, in Whole Wks. (1587) Twise seuerally summoned to appeare before the great Gods.
2. const. from.1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xi. 102 [The King is] not to be consider'd severally from them [sc. the Parliament].1862 F. Hall tr. N. N. Gore Rational Refut. Hindu Philos. Syst. 99 It is the same as concerns the experience of cognition, or the like, considered severally from its experience.† b. Specially, particularly. Obsolete. rare.
a. Apart from others or from the rest; not together or in a company; independently. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [adverb]
sunderlyeOE
sundryOE
asundera1325
discretelyc1475
sundrily1487
severally1541
sunderwisea1550
separately1552
sejunctly1586
disjunctively1590
sejunctively1602
severedly1605
abstractivelya1651
incommunicately1664
detachedly1797
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxviii. f. 62v The thyrde state was of the base people or communers, to whom seuerally shuld not be committed any authoritie.
1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Li In the pryuate masse where the priest seuerally all alone hath hys loofe & eateth it alone.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. ii. xvii. 30 They gathered together, seuerally men, and seuerally women.
1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments i. 25 Take knot grasse and shepheards purse, and plantaine, and stampe them seuerally.
1630 E. Pagitt Christianogr. (1636) i. ii. 55 These Christians live severally by themselves without any mixture of Mahometans or Pagans.
1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements i. 26 Two angles (taken severally, or together).
1709 F. Atterbury Serm. Sons of Clergy 2 Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob..to whom the Promise of the Blessed Seed was severally made.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 9 A great variety of oaks stood, now severally, now in a becoming grove, among the fields.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adverb]
sundrilyeOE
properly1340
specially1340
notablya1425
particularly?a1425
appropriately1530
severallyc1610
c1610–15 Life St. Etheldred in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 70 The place cutt for the head seuerallie was made so iust for her head as could be deuised.
3. Respectively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > respectively
respective1531
respectively1562
severally1585
accordingly1603
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. vii. 37 b Grecians and Geneuoises, and..Iewes..seuerally haue one streete to dwell in.
1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful i. §10. 18 They stick severally to their own species in preference to all others.
1827 C. Wordsworth King Charles I (1828) 2 The parts which I and they have severally taken are openly justified.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 30 The great benefits which mankind would obtain from their severally doing the things which they knew.
1909 Athenæum 20 Mar. 345/1 ‘The Constitution is saved.’ ‘A Commission is needed at once.’ So say severally the very old and the very young amongst our legislators.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adverb]
manifoldlyeOE
mislicheeOE
sere-wise1340
in (also on, by) sundry wisea1393
in sundry waysa1393
manifolda1400
manifoldwise1440
multifarya1450
sunderly?a1450
multiplyingly1483
sundrilya1500
several1551
changeably1567
sundrywise1591
severally1605
variously1627
miscellaneously1639
multifariously1657
variedly1827
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A4v To deliuer it [sc. learning] from the discredites and disgraces which it hath receiued; all from ignorance; but ignorance seuerally disguised. View more context for this quotation
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 260 I vnderstand both these Sides..to be vniforme without, though seuerally Partitioned within.
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xciii. sig. Aa8 There are, and that severally, that be much troubled with the disease of speaking.
a1644 W. Chillingworth Serm. ii. §42 How severally Satan plants his Engines for the subversion of the Church.
Draft additions December 2019
East African and West African. On several occasions; repeatedly.
ΚΠ
1975 J. J. Akong'a Adoption Rural Business Pract. in Sel. Markets Bunyore Loc. i. 19 I have tried severally since I was instructed.
2009 Business Day (Nigeria) (Nexis) 16 Sept. To avoid a situation in which a wrong person can become beneficiary of an election as has happened severally in the past, we urge that the Electoral Act 2006 be amended.
2018 Concord Times (Sierra Leone) (Nexis) 17 Oct. The deceased was stabbed severally and was lying in a pool of blood.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
adv.1399