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单词 sever
释义

severv.

Brit. /ˈsɛvə/, U.S. /ˈsɛvər/
Forms: Also Middle English sevyr, severe, Scottish sevir, 1500s sevour, seaver, Scottish siver, sivir, syver, sewer.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman severer, ceverer, Old French sevrer, severer, modern French sevrer to wean < popular Latin *sēperāre , Latin sēparāre to separate v. Compare Italian sceverare, scevrare.
I. Transitive senses.
1.
a. To put apart, set asunder (two or more persons or things, or one from another); to part or separate by putting in different places.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)]
to-twemec893
sunderOE
asunderOE
shedOE
dealOE
shill1049
skillc1175
to-twinc1175
twinc1230
disseverc1250
depart1297
slita1300
to-throwc1315
parta1325
drevec1325
devisec1330
dividec1374
sever1382
unknit?a1425
divorce1430
separea1450
separate?a1475
untine1496
to put apart1530
discussa1542
deceper1547
disseparate1550
apart1563
unjoint1565
shoal1571
divisionatea1586
single1587
dispart1590
descide1598
disassociate1598
distract1600
dissolve1605
discriminate1615
dissociate1623
discerpa1628
discind1640
dissunder1642
distinguish1648
severize1649
unstring1674
skaila1833
cleave1873
dirempt1885
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxv. 6 He seueryde [L. separavit] hem fro Ysaac..to the est plage.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 307 Everiche in his owne celle..i-served [v.r. ysevered] by hem self [L. ab aliis separatus].
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 147 And seuered by hem self sette euery kynd.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxii. 402 Than he seuered a part of his peple.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xxxiv. 20 I will seuer the fat shepe from the leane.
1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K3v By which iust Minos righteous soules doth seuer From wicked ones.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Fff3 The chaffe may and ought to be seuered from the corne in the Eare. View more context for this quotation
1623 P. Massinger Duke of Millaine ii. i. sig. E1v What winde hath rais'd this tempest? Seuer 'em, I command you.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 252 Least harm Befall thee sever'd from me. View more context for this quotation
1788 W. Cowper Negro's Compl. 11 What are England's rights,..Me from my delights to sever?
1908 S. A. Cook Relig. Anc. Palestine v. 56 Cremation..may have been intended to sever the soul from the body.
b. To part or open (the lips, eyelids).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [verb (transitive)] > lips
sever1398
sparec1400
prim1707
mimp1710
pout1748
lip1826
unpurse1838
mouth1960
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [verb (transitive)] > move eyes > open eye
undoa1000
unseel1530
severa1586
unseala1586
stretch1600
unglue1606
unsile1628
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xvii. h ij b Mannes lippes..maye be seueryd & departed.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Ii5v Pyrocles then first seuering his eye liddes, and quickly apprehending her daunger.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 151 Her lips are sever'd as to speak.
c. To disjoin, dissociate, disunite (persons or things normally united by some immaterial tie).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > disjoin, disunite, or disconnect > things or persons united by something immaterial
severa1382
atomize1895
demassify1970
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xvi. 28 The man ful of woordis seuereth princis.
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy v. 24 Amonge hem silf to bring in variaunce, And her hertis..Contagiously to seueryn & deuyde.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 34 §1 That all the same..Hereditamentes shuld be..seperat severed and disanexed from the Duchie of Cornwall.
1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 3 In whose person the two mightie kingdomes of England and Scotland hitherto severed, are now conioyned.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. i. 20 God forbid, that I should wish them seuer'd, Whom God hath ioyn'd together. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 53 How somere their hearts are seuer'd in Religion. View more context for this quotation
1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous v, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. III. 327 I will..take an opportunity of severing these two young men.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 188 A revolution which severed England from the papacy.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 529 Plato sees that the ideal of the state in his own day is more and more severed from the actual.
1898 T. Watts-Dunton Aylwin ii. xi I would trample it [a coronet] in the mud, if it were to sever me from Winifred.
d. in legal phraseology (cf. 7).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal possession > possess in law [verb (transitive)] > divide some part of property from whole
sever1532
to carve out1625
1532 Dial. Laws Eng. ii. vii. 19 b The fealtie can nat be seuered fro the reuercion.
1579 Termes de la Ley 44 b/2 Such common [viz. common appurtenant]..may bee seuered from the land to which it is appurtenaunte.
a1625 H. Finch Law i. iii Things incident cannot be seuered.
1884 Law Times Rep. 12 Apr. 201/1 Where a fund is directed to be at once set apart and severed from the rest of the testator's estate, it carries income from the testator's death.
e. To part or remove by some technical process (a substance) from another with which it is combined or mixed; = separate v. 5. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > an element from a substance or mixture
extract1594
separate1617
sever1626
segregate1691
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §311 It is vsuall in Clarifying Ippocrasse to put in Milke; Which after seuereth and carrieth with it the Grosser Parts of the Ippocrasse.
1661 R. Boyle Hist. Fluidity & Firmnesse ii, in Certain Physiol. Ess. 217 The thinner and more serous Liquor..being thus sever'd from the grosser parts of the milk.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 704 A second multitude With wondrous Art founded the massie Ore, Severing each kinde, and scum'd the Bullion dross. View more context for this quotation
1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 485 A general method of discriminating and severing them [sc. earths].
figurative.1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §490 This Axiome is of large extent; And therefore would be seuered, and refined by Triall.
f. (In Biblical language.) To set apart or segregate for a special purpose. Also with out.
ΚΠ
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. iv. 41 Thanne Moyses seuerde thre citees, biȝonde Jordan. [Also 1611.]
1610 Bible (Douay) II. 4 Esdras iii. 16 Iacob thou didst sever to thy selfe, but Esau thou didst separate.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xxxix. 14 And they shall seuer out men of continual emploiment. View more context for this quotation
1718 M. Prior 1st Hymn Callimachus 93 The Soldier..rich with hostile Spoil, Severs the Bull to Mars.
g. In occasional uses: To deprive of; to hinder from; to free from. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > deliver or free from
aleseOE
redd1488
shut?a1500
sever?1507
rid?1526
enda1592
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of)
benimc890
to do of ——eOE
bedealc1000
disturbc1230
bereavec1275
reave?a1300
acquitc1300
benemec1300
deprivec1330
privea1382
subvertc1384
oppressc1395
abridgea1400
to bate of, from1399
lessa1400
nakena1400
dischargea1425
privatec1425
to bring outa1450
abatec1450
sever?1507
spulyie?1507
denude1513
disable1529
distrain1530
destituec1540
destitutec1540
defalk1541
to turn out of ——1545
discomfit1548
wipe1549
nude1551
disannul?a1556
bereft1557
diminish1559
benoom1563
joint1573
uncase1583
rid1585
disarm1590
visitc1592
ease1600
dispatch1604
unfurnisha1616
rig1629
retrench1640
unbecomea1641
disentail1641
cashier1690
twin1722
mulct1748
fordo1764
to do out of ——1796
to cut out1815
bate1823
deprivate1832
devoid1878
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc.
warnc888
withseta1330
defendc1330
conclude1382
privea1387
retainc1415
refrain1442
prohibit1483
repel1483
stop1488
sever?1507
discourage1528
seclude?1531
prevent1533
foreclose1536
lock1560
stay1560
disallow1568
intercept1576
to put bya1586
crossa1616
stave1616
prevent1620
secure1623
stave1630
riot1777
tent1781
footer1813
to stop off1891
mozz1941
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 Quhen I seuerit had that syre of substance in erd.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xx. 208 The Inemyis..mycht skairslie be severit fra oppugnatioun of þare tentis [L. aegre abstinent quin castra oppugnent].
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 29v Weeding when it is knotted, seuereth the Corne from all anoyances.
1601 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus i. vi. 484 What slimie bold presumtious groome is he, Dares with his rude audacious hardye chatt Thus seuer me from skybredd contemplation?
h. reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (reflexive)] > separate from
shedc1175
sever1569
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 61 The most part of them that came with the Archebishop and accompanied him before, for feare of the kinges displeasure seuered themselues from him.
1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. **3v Amongst others in that Age, Sir Thomas Eliots elegance did seuer it selfe from all equalls.
1611 Bible (King James) Judges iv. 11 Now Heber the Kenite..had seuered himselfe from the Kenites. View more context for this quotation
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 14 Their Lordships advised the Lord Deputy to offer Odonnel pardon, so as he would sever himselfe from Tyrone.
1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. iv. v. 537 Switzerland, which had now severed itself from the empire.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xvi. 194 To sever herself from the man she loved no longer.
1872 Rae tr. Taine Notes Eng. xvi. 206 The Englishman does not sever himself from public affairs.
2. To separate in thought or idea; to distinguish, treat as distinct; to mark off from.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern [verb (transitive)] > distinguish, separate
winnowc825
tryc1330
distinguea1340
divide1377
departc1380
devisea1400
sever1426
perceivea1500
deem1530
discern1533
searcec1535
sort1553
to pick outa1555
decern1559
difference1596
distinguisha1616
severalize1645
separate1651
secern1656
run1795
define1807
sequester1841
differentiate1857
divaricate1868
1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 2032 I [Reason] am she By whom that ye yknowe be ffrom other bestys..And seueryd in especyal.
?1510 T. More tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. a.ii Such vnknowen and strange tokens..seuerynge the cradils of such speciall children fro the companye of other of the commyn sorte.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. iii. 52 Expedient it will be, that we seuer the law of nature obserued by the one from that which the other is tied vnto.
1607 B. Jonson Volpone v. v. sig. M3 [Volp.] Am I then like him? Mos. O, Sir, you are hee: No man can seuer you. View more context for this quotation
1662 J. Milton To Sir H. Vane in G. Sykes Life & Death Sir H. Vane 94 To know Both spiritual power and civil, what each meanes, What severs each.
1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 9 He is a poor Divine that cannot sever the good from the bad.
1909 Expositor Sept. 222 In another letter he severs his own position most definitely from that of Sabbatier.
1910 Expositor Aug. 127 We cannot sever religious cult from social custom.
3. To keep distinct or apart by an intervening space or barrier. Of the intervening medium: To occupy the space or interval between. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be or make interjacent [verb (transitive)] > partition or form a partition
sever1422
part1458
intercept1662
intersect1785
split1795
partition1818
screen1850
fence1881
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > keep apart > by something intervening
sever1422
separate1553
sunder?1556
gulf1680
shift1703
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > keep apart > said of that which separates
depart1297
sever1533
separate1553
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. lviii. 223 That the rybbis Bene wel departid or Seueret.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xi. 171 Belive all municiouns, quhilkis war laid be Industrye to sivir þe armyis, war removit.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxli. 240 Let your lodging be in an vpper chamber, yet seuered from the roufe with some false flower.
1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. H4 Ile beate downe the partition with my heeles Which as a mud-vault seuers hell and thee.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. viii. 22 I will seuer in that day the lande of Goshen..that no swarmes of flies shall be there. View more context for this quotation
1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 102 A large cover'd room in the poop, sever'd from the banks of rowers.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) x. 406 With such general insight into evil, And of the bounds which sever it from good.
1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion iii. 125 Immense The space that severed us! View more context for this quotation
1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 183 The gulf which severs rule from servitude.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §1. 62 Fens nearly one hundred miles long severed East Anglia from the midland counties.
4.
a. To divide into (two or more) parts. Also reflexive. Now rare or Obsolete except as in 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)]
to-shedc888
to-dealeOE
dealc950
twemea1023
to-doOE
to-shiftc1122
brittenc1175
sunderc1230
depart1297
parta1300
twain15..
dividec1380
minisha1382
dressc1410
dissever1417
sever1435
quarterc1440
distinct1526
videc1540
disperse1548
several1570
separate1581
dirempt1587
distinguish1609
piecemeal1611
discrete1624
dispart1629
slit1645
parcel1652
canton1653
tripartite1653
split1707
carve1711
scind1869
1435 Cov. Leet Bk. 182 For & the Craft were severed in the maner as hit [is] seide aboue, Then the Cardwirdrawers and the myddelmen most nedes bye the wire that they shull wirche of the smythiers.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Miiiv Part of psalmis ar sewert be this vord sela that singnifeis rest and pece.
1566 Act 8 Eliz. c. 16 §3 The Tayle of Rewarde of everie of the foresayd Counties..shalbe severed and devyded.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. v. xii. 86 He paynteth this heresie in his time to haue bene seuered, into sundry sectes.
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 73v Running in one streame til it come to the city of the Cercasians, and afterwards seuering it selfe into three sundry chanels.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 95 The rest were severed into small companies, and unlike to draw to any dangerous head.
1654 J. Ellistone & J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Mysterium Magnum iv. 11 Now the will Severs it selfe..into two Kingdomes, where each dwelleth in it selfe.
b. To divide according to kind or quality, to sort. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xix To seuer pees, beanes, and fitches..let them be well reed with siffes & seuered in thre partes, the great from the small.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxiiii Whan thou hast all shorne thy shepe it is than best tyme to drawe them, and to seuer theym in dyuers sortes.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 13v Now as ye wish, go seuer thy fish. When frynd shall come, to be sure of some.
c. To divide and distribute. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > divide into shares > divide and share out
dealc1000
shiftc1000
to-partc1325
partc1330
departa1340
divide1377
portion?a1400
dressc1410
parcel1416
skiftc1420
describe1535
repart1540
sever1548
disparklea1552
enterparten1556
share1577
to share out1583
repartitec1603
dispart1629
parcena1641
cavel1652
partage1660
split1674
snack1675
partition1740
scantle1749
appart1798
whack1819
divvy1877
number1887
cut1928
1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Iii He bad vs seuer the consecrate breade charitablye emong vs & not eche of vs to reserue it to hym selue.
5.
a. To part or divide suddenly or forcibly; to cut in two, cleave or rend asunder. With a material or immaterial thing as object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] > divide suddenly or forcibly
sever1412
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iii. 2056 Eueryche on oþer lik tigers or lyons Be-gan to falle, and proudly to assaille, And furiously seuere plate and maille.
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy v. 648 Þe þondre, þat seuerede seil & mast.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour 49 No man shulde putte betwene hem no thinge that might seuere the loue that God and the churche hathe ioyned in hem.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lijv Many they were yt sought to seauer and break that societie.
1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres v. xcviii. sig. Eev There the closest ranks he seuereth.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 958 Our State cannot be severd, we are one, One Flesh. View more context for this quotation
1791 J. Mackintosh Vindiciæ Gallicæ (ed. 3) vi. 368 Let the Court of Madrid..sever every tie that unites her to Europe.
1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. 247 Under their hands, the pediment was severed at its vertex, or divided into separate halves.
1852 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1857) 3rd Ser. xii. 171 Not many years ago the Church of Scotland was severed into two great divisions.
1861 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. iii. 166 Thus it was that this great tie was severed.
1867 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries (1886) xiv. 246 Another galloped up behind, and severed the hamstring.
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. viii. 240 The aged man Hastened to sever with his sword the thongs That bound him to the car.
1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 377/1 Having discovered that this company was merely a swindling concern, he severed his connection with it.
b. To break up, scatter, disperse (an assemblage or company of individuals). Also reflexive. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > drive away in all directions
to-driveOE
to-dreveOE
to-skairc1175
scattera1300
skaila1300
disparplea1325
sheda1325
discatterc1330
to-scattera1382
sparple1382
to-rusha1387
to-sparplea1387
deperpeyla1400
rat1402
sever1412
to-ratc1440
disparklec1449
scarkle1450
sparklea1470
disperse1503
shudderc1540
sparse1549
dissipate?c1550
to wap sindry1563
squander1622
rout1641
to feeze about1689
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)] > go away in all directions
shedc1400
scatter1535
sever1591
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 2301 But Troylus ay hem chaseth her & ȝonder, And seuered hem maugre al her myȝt.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxxii. f. xxxviv Ye Brytons..that were disparkled and seueryd in many countres.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 976 On Friday at night blewe such a storme that seuered all the nauie.
1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K4 Let the flitting aire my vaine words sever.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 23 As..russet pated choughes, many in sort (Rysing, and cawing, at the gunnes report) Seuer themselues, and madly sweepe the sky. View more context for this quotation
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxi. 168 A gale of wind has severed the pack, and the drift begins.
c. To cut the dewlap of (cattle). (? Misprint for setter: see setter v.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [verb (transitive)] > cut dewlap
sever?1523
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxviv There be many men that canne seuer them, and that is to cutte the dewelappe before.
6. ‘To part by violence from the rest’ (Johnson); to separate suddenly and forcibly; to cut, tear, or pull off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > with violence
reavelOE
sever1626
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §400 It is reported..that a Sacrificed Beast hath lowed, after the Heart hath been seuered.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 28 The fatal Stroake, which sever'd the wisest head in England from the Shoulders of the Earle of Strafford.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 519. ¶6 That Species of Shell-fish..that grow to the Surface of several Rocks, and immediately die upon their being severed from the Place where they grow.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 38 He from the stack carves out th' accustom'd load,..With such undeviating and even force He severs it away.
1798 W. Wordsworth Simon Lee in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 104 I struck, and with a single blow The tangled root I sever'd.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 27 By which any length desired will instantly be severed from the rest of the tube.
1839 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 108 The blow, which I gave with the view of severing his head, only cut the gullet and skin and flesh.
1908 S. A. Cook Relig. Anc. Palestine ii. 16 The heads had evidently been severed before burial, and there was no trace of the bodies.
7. Law.
a. To divide (a joint estate) into independent parts.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal possession > possess in law [verb (transitive)] > divide some part of property from whole > divide a joint estate
sever1528
partition1880
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxiiiiv Whan the ioyntenauntes were ioyntely seased in fee symple..though that one of them made estate of that that vnto hym belongeth for terme of lyfe..yet he hathe not seuered the fee symple.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 182 b If a man maketh a lease to two for their liues, and after granteth the reuersion to one of them in fee, the ioynture is seuered.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 185 How an estate in joint-tenancy may be severed and destroyed.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 499 The question was, whether the jointure was severed or not.
1895 Strahan Law of Property (1908) 89 On the reversion being severed the conditions of all kinds are to be apportioned between the persons among whom the reversion is divided.
1895 Strahan Law of Property (1908) 132 A joint tenancy, where the joint tenants are beneficial owners, may be severed either (a) by a partition of the joint estate, or (b) by alienation by one of the joint tenants of his undivided share.
b. To detach (growing fruit or trees, minerals, fixtures, etc.) from the soil or realty.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal possession > possess in law [verb (transitive)] > divide some part of property from whole > detach growing things, minerals, or fixtures
sever1602
1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 37 If a man..deuiseth the corne growing vpon the lande, and dyeth before it bee seuered, the deuisee shall haue it.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 55 b If a Disseisor sowe the ground and seuer the corne.
1911 W. B. Odgers & W. B. Odgers Comm. Law Eng. I. 329 All these become personal property as soon as they are severed from the soil, and until they are severed they cannot, of course, be carried away.
1911 W. B. Odgers & W. B. Odgers Comm. Law Eng. II. 700 The produce of the trees, when they should be cut down and severed from the freehold.
c. To separate and remove (one of the plaintiffs in a joint action, when he is nonsuited). (See also summon v.)
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > separate (joined defendants) > remove non-suited one
sever1602
1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 29 By our law if two bring a writ of warde of the body of the heire beeing within age, and the one of them is summoned and seuered, and the other recouereth, hee which was seuered may haue a writte of accompt against the other for the profites.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 139 In reall or mixt actions the Nonsuite of one Demandant is not the Nonsuite of both, but he that makes default shall be summoned and seuered.
1652 tr. A. Fitzherbert New Natura Brevium 36 If one of those who is named by his proper name, will not sue..he shall be severed.
1741 T. Robinson Common Law of Kent i. vi. 109 If two Coparceners join against the Alienee in a Writ of Partition at Common Law, and one of them does not proceed, yet he may be summoned and severed, as his Part shall be parted and severed, as well as the other Parts.
d. To part (two or more defendants) in their trial. (Cf. 10a.)
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > separate (joined defendants)
sever1660
1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 57 Are you all agreed as to your Challenges?.. No, my Lord... Then we must do as before, sever you, and go to tryal severally.
1691 Arraignm., Trials, & Condemnation Sir R. Grahme 22 Since they are pleased to declare they will sever in their Challenges, we must desire to sever them in their Tryal, and to begin with the Tryal of my Lord Preston.
8. absol. To make a separation or division (between). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > make or cause a separation
to make separation1413
departa1425
separate1560
part1611
sever1611
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. ix. 4 The Lord shall seuer betweene the cattel of Israel, and the cattell of Egypt. View more context for this quotation
1622 J. Taylor Water-cormorant A 4 The Pope sends stormes forth, seuers or combines, According to his mood it raines or shines.
1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη xi. 82 There remain's in far the Major part of both Houses..so much Learning, Reason, Religion, and just Moderation, as to know how to sever between the use and abuse of things.
1882 E. B. Pusey Parochial & Cathedral Serm. xvii. 243 He stands between the dead and the living. He severs between her past and her future life.
II. intransitive. (Cf. the reflexive uses in branch I.)
9.
a. Of a person: To go away, part, be sundered from. Of two or more: To be separated, quit each other, go asunder, part.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > part or go away in different directions
dealc1000
shedc1000
twin?c1225
departc1290
to-go13..
parta1325
severc1375
disseverc1386
to part companya1400
discontinue1576
to fall apart1599
flya1677
separate1794
dispart1804
split1843
c1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 396 In oure last day..when þis worlde & we shal seuer.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1987 & vche segge as sore to seuer with hym þere As þay hade wonde worþyly with þat wlonk euer.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1797 Ho..semly hym kyssed, & siþen ho seueres hym fro.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 86 Gude lycht harnes fra that tyme wyst he euir, For sodeyn stryff fra it he wald nocht seuir.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. x. 60 Sone eftir baith þe armyis siverit and returnit hame.
a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse ii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnn3/2 Come all sever, But keep still within sight.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 366 Seek not temptation then, which to avoide Were better, and most likelie if from mee Thou sever not. View more context for this quotation
1717 A. Pope Leaving Town in Wks. 373 From the dear man unwilling she must sever, Yet takes one kiss before she parts for ever.
1792 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum IV. 358 Ae fond kiss, and then we sever.
1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 31 Should we sever from each other,..no foreign power will ally with us.
1842 W. A. Butler Serm. (1849) 1st Ser. x. 166 The more the parties sever, the closer the knot is bound.
b. of things.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inclination > divergence > diverge [verb (intransitive)]
to-liec893
ramify?1541
sever1545
fork1605
divaricate1623
diverge1665
bifurcate1828
split1856
trifurcate1887
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)]
to-dealeOE
shedc1000
asunderOE
to-twemea1225
sunderc1225
twin?c1225
atwin?a1400
to make separationc1450
separe1490
twain15..
sever1545
unsever1609
spread1611
separate1638
disclaim1644
to come apart1764
to go separate ways1774
twine1886
1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. I.v Many tymes the one [vein] seuereth from the other, before conuenient season and so causeth aborcement.
1598 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. (new ed.) f. 30 If modesty and women once doe seuer, Farewell our fame, farewell our name for euer.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Zz1v Theis three as in the bodye, so in the minde seeldome meete, and Commonly seuer . View more context for this quotation
a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. Remains in Baconiana (1679) 140 Spirit of Wine mingled with common Water, although it be much lighter than Oyl,..severeth not again, as Oyl doth.
1859 Ld. Lytton Once in Wanderer xxiii These lips from thine, I know, must sever.
c. Of the lips, doors, or the like: To go apart, open.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > become open [verb (intransitive)] > open by moving apart
opena1398
gape1577
to open out1731
sever1797
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > go apart or open
opena1400
sever1797
1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl V. iii. 86 Her lips severed, but no voice was heard.
1811 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. 130 The deaf man..Felt her hands' pressure soft and warm, Saw her lips sever.
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. i. i. 7 'T is thus,..The portals of fulfilment widely sever.
d. Of a whole or aggregate: To part, become divided, be separated into parts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (intransitive)]
to-dealeOE
to-goc1000
parta1325
to-shedc1330
departa1387
severc1407
divide1526
dispart1633
split1712
c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 2527 Her companye Ne seuereth nat, but y-fere Eche ys to other so entere.
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 4084 She..slowe of hem vp-on euery syde, Makynge her rengis for to seuere wyde.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cijv This fortresse stode in suche a place, that what with waters and what with marishes, the army must seuer in thre partes.
1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron iii. i As, the soul departed from the body, The body wants coherence in his parts Can not consist but seuer and dissolue.
1805–6 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Inferno xxv. 124 His tongue, continuous before and apt For utterance, severs [It. si fende]; and the other's fork Closing unites.
10. Law.
a. Of two or more defendants: To plead independently. More fully to sever in their challenges, to sever in their defence, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > plead [verb (intransitive)] > plead independently (of two defendants)
severa1625
a1625 H. Hobart Rep. (1641) 344 Now though the Defendants shall not sever in Delatories, yet in Bars they may.
1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 57 If one challenge one [of the Jury-panel], and another challenge another, we must sever, and go to Tryal one by one.
1691 Arraignm., Trials, & Condemnation Sir R. Grahme 23 If you had joyned in your Challenges, then you had been tryed all together... That Advantage you lose by severing in your Challenges.
1824 H. J. Stephen Treat. Princ. Pleading 270 If the defendants have once united in the plea, they cannot afterwards sever at the rejoinder.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 523 The prisoners who were first arraigned did not sever in their challenges, and were consequently tried together.
1884 Law Times Rep. 10 May 321/1 The defendants had severed in their defence to the action.
1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 26 701 Motion made by counsel for the Defendants..for leave to sever in their defences.
b. Of joint tenants: To divide their jointure.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal possession > be in possession [verb (intransitive)] > divide joint tenancy
sever1895
1895 Strahan Law of Property (1908) 131 When joint tenants for life sever, each takes a tenancy in severalty or in common for his own life in his share.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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