单词 | sever |
释义 | severv. I. Transitive senses. 1. a. To put apart, set asunder (two or more persons or things, or one from another); to part or separate by putting in different places. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] to-twemec893 sunderOE asunderOE shedOE dealOE shill1049 skillc1175 to-twinc1175 twinc1230 disseverc1250 depart1297 slita1300 to-throwc1315 parta1325 drevec1325 devisec1330 dividec1374 sever1382 unknit?a1425 divorce1430 separea1450 separate?a1475 untine1496 to put apart1530 discussa1542 deceper1547 disseparate1550 apart1563 unjoint1565 shoal1571 divisionatea1586 single1587 dispart1590 descide1598 disassociate1598 distract1600 dissolve1605 discriminate1615 dissociate1623 discerpa1628 discind1640 dissunder1642 distinguish1648 severize1649 unstring1674 skaila1833 cleave1873 dirempt1885 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxv. 6 He seueryde [L. separavit] hem fro Ysaac..to the est plage. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 307 Everiche in his owne celle..i-served [v.r. ysevered] by hem self [L. ab aliis separatus]. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 147 And seuered by hem self sette euery kynd. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxii. 402 Than he seuered a part of his peple. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xxxiv. 20 I will seuer the fat shepe from the leane. 1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K3v By which iust Minos righteous soules doth seuer From wicked ones. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Fff3 The chaffe may and ought to be seuered from the corne in the Eare. View more context for this quotation 1623 P. Massinger Duke of Millaine ii. i. sig. E1v What winde hath rais'd this tempest? Seuer 'em, I command you. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 252 Least harm Befall thee sever'd from me. View more context for this quotation 1788 W. Cowper Negro's Compl. 11 What are England's rights,..Me from my delights to sever? 1908 S. A. Cook Relig. Anc. Palestine v. 56 Cremation..may have been intended to sever the soul from the body. b. To part or open (the lips, eyelids). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [verb (transitive)] > lips sever1398 sparec1400 prim1707 mimp1710 pout1748 lip1826 unpurse1838 mouth1960 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [verb (transitive)] > move eyes > open eye undoa1000 unseel1530 severa1586 unseala1586 stretch1600 unglue1606 unsile1628 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xvii. h ij b Mannes lippes..maye be seueryd & departed. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Ii5v Pyrocles then first seuering his eye liddes, and quickly apprehending her daunger. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 151 Her lips are sever'd as to speak. c. To disjoin, dissociate, disunite (persons or things normally united by some immaterial tie). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > disjoin, disunite, or disconnect > things or persons united by something immaterial severa1382 atomize1895 demassify1970 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xvi. 28 The man ful of woordis seuereth princis. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy v. 24 Amonge hem silf to bring in variaunce, And her hertis..Contagiously to seueryn & deuyde. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 34 §1 That all the same..Hereditamentes shuld be..seperat severed and disanexed from the Duchie of Cornwall. 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 3 In whose person the two mightie kingdomes of England and Scotland hitherto severed, are now conioyned. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. i. 20 God forbid, that I should wish them seuer'd, Whom God hath ioyn'd together. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 53 How somere their hearts are seuer'd in Religion. View more context for this quotation 1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous v, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. III. 327 I will..take an opportunity of severing these two young men. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 188 A revolution which severed England from the papacy. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 529 Plato sees that the ideal of the state in his own day is more and more severed from the actual. 1898 T. Watts-Dunton Aylwin ii. xi I would trample it [a coronet] in the mud, if it were to sever me from Winifred. d. in legal phraseology (cf. 7). ΘΚΠ society > law > legal possession > possess in law [verb (transitive)] > divide some part of property from whole sever1532 to carve out1625 1532 Dial. Laws Eng. ii. vii. 19 b The fealtie can nat be seuered fro the reuercion. 1579 Termes de la Ley 44 b/2 Such common [viz. common appurtenant]..may bee seuered from the land to which it is appurtenaunte. a1625 H. Finch Law i. iii Things incident cannot be seuered. 1884 Law Times Rep. 12 Apr. 201/1 Where a fund is directed to be at once set apart and severed from the rest of the testator's estate, it carries income from the testator's death. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > an element from a substance or mixture extract1594 separate1617 sever1626 segregate1691 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §311 It is vsuall in Clarifying Ippocrasse to put in Milke; Which after seuereth and carrieth with it the Grosser Parts of the Ippocrasse. 1661 R. Boyle Hist. Fluidity & Firmnesse ii, in Certain Physiol. Ess. 217 The thinner and more serous Liquor..being thus sever'd from the grosser parts of the milk. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 704 A second multitude With wondrous Art founded the massie Ore, Severing each kinde, and scum'd the Bullion dross. View more context for this quotation 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 485 A general method of discriminating and severing them [sc. earths]. ΚΠ 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. iv. 41 Thanne Moyses seuerde thre citees, biȝonde Jordan. [Also 1611.] 1610 Bible (Douay) II. 4 Esdras iii. 16 Iacob thou didst sever to thy selfe, but Esau thou didst separate. 1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xxxix. 14 And they shall seuer out men of continual emploiment. View more context for this quotation 1718 M. Prior 1st Hymn Callimachus 93 The Soldier..rich with hostile Spoil, Severs the Bull to Mars. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > deliver or free from aleseOE redd1488 shut?a1500 sever?1507 rid?1526 enda1592 the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) benimc890 to do of ——eOE bedealc1000 disturbc1230 bereavec1275 reave?a1300 acquitc1300 benemec1300 deprivec1330 privea1382 subvertc1384 oppressc1395 abridgea1400 to bate of, from1399 lessa1400 nakena1400 dischargea1425 privatec1425 to bring outa1450 abatec1450 sever?1507 spulyie?1507 denude1513 disable1529 distrain1530 destituec1540 destitutec1540 defalk1541 to turn out of ——1545 discomfit1548 wipe1549 nude1551 disannul?a1556 bereft1557 diminish1559 benoom1563 joint1573 uncase1583 rid1585 disarm1590 visitc1592 ease1600 dispatch1604 unfurnisha1616 rig1629 retrench1640 unbecomea1641 disentail1641 cashier1690 twin1722 mulct1748 fordo1764 to do out of ——1796 to cut out1815 bate1823 deprivate1832 devoid1878 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. warnc888 withseta1330 defendc1330 conclude1382 privea1387 retainc1415 refrain1442 prohibit1483 repel1483 stop1488 sever?1507 discourage1528 seclude?1531 prevent1533 foreclose1536 lock1560 stay1560 disallow1568 intercept1576 to put bya1586 crossa1616 stave1616 prevent1620 secure1623 stave1630 riot1777 tent1781 footer1813 to stop off1891 mozz1941 ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 Quhen I seuerit had that syre of substance in erd. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xx. 208 The Inemyis..mycht skairslie be severit fra oppugnatioun of þare tentis [L. aegre abstinent quin castra oppugnent]. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 29v Weeding when it is knotted, seuereth the Corne from all anoyances. 1601 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus i. vi. 484 What slimie bold presumtious groome is he, Dares with his rude audacious hardye chatt Thus seuer me from skybredd contemplation? h. reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (reflexive)] > separate from shedc1175 sever1569 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 61 The most part of them that came with the Archebishop and accompanied him before, for feare of the kinges displeasure seuered themselues from him. 1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. **3v Amongst others in that Age, Sir Thomas Eliots elegance did seuer it selfe from all equalls. 1611 Bible (King James) Judges iv. 11 Now Heber the Kenite..had seuered himselfe from the Kenites. View more context for this quotation 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 14 Their Lordships advised the Lord Deputy to offer Odonnel pardon, so as he would sever himselfe from Tyrone. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. iv. v. 537 Switzerland, which had now severed itself from the empire. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xvi. 194 To sever herself from the man she loved no longer. 1872 Rae tr. Taine Notes Eng. xvi. 206 The Englishman does not sever himself from public affairs. 2. To separate in thought or idea; to distinguish, treat as distinct; to mark off from. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern [verb (transitive)] > distinguish, separate winnowc825 tryc1330 distinguea1340 divide1377 departc1380 devisea1400 sever1426 perceivea1500 deem1530 discern1533 searcec1535 sort1553 to pick outa1555 decern1559 difference1596 distinguisha1616 severalize1645 separate1651 secern1656 run1795 define1807 sequester1841 differentiate1857 divaricate1868 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 2032 I [Reason] am she By whom that ye yknowe be ffrom other bestys..And seueryd in especyal. ?1510 T. More tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. a.ii Such vnknowen and strange tokens..seuerynge the cradils of such speciall children fro the companye of other of the commyn sorte. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. iii. 52 Expedient it will be, that we seuer the law of nature obserued by the one from that which the other is tied vnto. 1607 B. Jonson Volpone v. v. sig. M3 [Volp.] Am I then like him? Mos. O, Sir, you are hee: No man can seuer you. View more context for this quotation 1662 J. Milton To Sir H. Vane in G. Sykes Life & Death Sir H. Vane 94 To know Both spiritual power and civil, what each meanes, What severs each. 1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 9 He is a poor Divine that cannot sever the good from the bad. 1909 Expositor Sept. 222 In another letter he severs his own position most definitely from that of Sabbatier. 1910 Expositor Aug. 127 We cannot sever religious cult from social custom. 3. To keep distinct or apart by an intervening space or barrier. Of the intervening medium: To occupy the space or interval between. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be or make interjacent [verb (transitive)] > partition or form a partition sever1422 part1458 intercept1662 intersect1785 split1795 partition1818 screen1850 fence1881 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > keep apart > by something intervening sever1422 separate1553 sunder?1556 gulf1680 shift1703 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > keep apart > said of that which separates depart1297 sever1533 separate1553 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. lviii. 223 That the rybbis Bene wel departid or Seueret. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xi. 171 Belive all municiouns, quhilkis war laid be Industrye to sivir þe armyis, war removit. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxli. 240 Let your lodging be in an vpper chamber, yet seuered from the roufe with some false flower. 1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. H4 Ile beate downe the partition with my heeles Which as a mud-vault seuers hell and thee. 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. viii. 22 I will seuer in that day the lande of Goshen..that no swarmes of flies shall be there. View more context for this quotation 1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 102 A large cover'd room in the poop, sever'd from the banks of rowers. a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) x. 406 With such general insight into evil, And of the bounds which sever it from good. 1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion iii. 125 Immense The space that severed us! View more context for this quotation 1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 183 The gulf which severs rule from servitude. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §1. 62 Fens nearly one hundred miles long severed East Anglia from the midland counties. 4. a. To divide into (two or more) parts. Also reflexive. Now rare or Obsolete except as in 5. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] to-shedc888 to-dealeOE dealc950 twemea1023 to-doOE to-shiftc1122 brittenc1175 sunderc1230 depart1297 parta1300 twain15.. dividec1380 minisha1382 dressc1410 dissever1417 sever1435 quarterc1440 distinct1526 videc1540 disperse1548 several1570 separate1581 dirempt1587 distinguish1609 piecemeal1611 discrete1624 dispart1629 slit1645 parcel1652 canton1653 tripartite1653 split1707 carve1711 scind1869 1435 Cov. Leet Bk. 182 For & the Craft were severed in the maner as hit [is] seide aboue, Then the Cardwirdrawers and the myddelmen most nedes bye the wire that they shull wirche of the smythiers. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Miiiv Part of psalmis ar sewert be this vord sela that singnifeis rest and pece. 1566 Act 8 Eliz. c. 16 §3 The Tayle of Rewarde of everie of the foresayd Counties..shalbe severed and devyded. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. v. xii. 86 He paynteth this heresie in his time to haue bene seuered, into sundry sectes. 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 73v Running in one streame til it come to the city of the Cercasians, and afterwards seuering it selfe into three sundry chanels. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 95 The rest were severed into small companies, and unlike to draw to any dangerous head. 1654 J. Ellistone & J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Mysterium Magnum iv. 11 Now the will Severs it selfe..into two Kingdomes, where each dwelleth in it selfe. ΚΠ ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xix To seuer pees, beanes, and fitches..let them be well reed with siffes & seuered in thre partes, the great from the small. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxiiii Whan thou hast all shorne thy shepe it is than best tyme to drawe them, and to seuer theym in dyuers sortes. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 13v Now as ye wish, go seuer thy fish. When frynd shall come, to be sure of some. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > divide into shares > divide and share out dealc1000 shiftc1000 to-partc1325 partc1330 departa1340 divide1377 portion?a1400 dressc1410 parcel1416 skiftc1420 describe1535 repart1540 sever1548 disparklea1552 enterparten1556 share1577 to share out1583 repartitec1603 dispart1629 parcena1641 cavel1652 partage1660 split1674 snack1675 partition1740 scantle1749 appart1798 whack1819 divvy1877 number1887 cut1928 1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Iii He bad vs seuer the consecrate breade charitablye emong vs & not eche of vs to reserue it to hym selue. 5. a. To part or divide suddenly or forcibly; to cut in two, cleave or rend asunder. With a material or immaterial thing as object. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] > divide suddenly or forcibly sever1412 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iii. 2056 Eueryche on oþer lik tigers or lyons Be-gan to falle, and proudly to assaille, And furiously seuere plate and maille. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy v. 648 Þe þondre, þat seuerede seil & mast. a1450 Knt. de la Tour 49 No man shulde putte betwene hem no thinge that might seuere the loue that God and the churche hathe ioyned in hem. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lijv Many they were yt sought to seauer and break that societie. 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres v. xcviii. sig. Eev There the closest ranks he seuereth. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 958 Our State cannot be severd, we are one, One Flesh. View more context for this quotation 1791 J. Mackintosh Vindiciæ Gallicæ (ed. 3) vi. 368 Let the Court of Madrid..sever every tie that unites her to Europe. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. 247 Under their hands, the pediment was severed at its vertex, or divided into separate halves. 1852 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1857) 3rd Ser. xii. 171 Not many years ago the Church of Scotland was severed into two great divisions. 1861 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. iii. 166 Thus it was that this great tie was severed. 1867 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries (1886) xiv. 246 Another galloped up behind, and severed the hamstring. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. viii. 240 The aged man Hastened to sever with his sword the thongs That bound him to the car. 1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 377/1 Having discovered that this company was merely a swindling concern, he severed his connection with it. b. To break up, scatter, disperse (an assemblage or company of individuals). Also reflexive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > drive away in all directions to-driveOE to-dreveOE to-skairc1175 scattera1300 skaila1300 disparplea1325 sheda1325 discatterc1330 to-scattera1382 sparple1382 to-rusha1387 to-sparplea1387 deperpeyla1400 rat1402 sever1412 to-ratc1440 disparklec1449 scarkle1450 sparklea1470 disperse1503 shudderc1540 sparse1549 dissipate?c1550 to wap sindry1563 squander1622 rout1641 to feeze about1689 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)] > go away in all directions shedc1400 scatter1535 sever1591 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 2301 But Troylus ay hem chaseth her & ȝonder, And seuered hem maugre al her myȝt. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxxii. f. xxxviv Ye Brytons..that were disparkled and seueryd in many countres. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 976 On Friday at night blewe such a storme that seuered all the nauie. 1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K4 Let the flitting aire my vaine words sever. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 23 As..russet pated choughes, many in sort (Rysing, and cawing, at the gunnes report) Seuer themselues, and madly sweepe the sky. View more context for this quotation 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxi. 168 A gale of wind has severed the pack, and the drift begins. c. To cut the dewlap of (cattle). (? Misprint for setter: see setter v.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [verb (transitive)] > cut dewlap sever?1523 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxviv There be many men that canne seuer them, and that is to cutte the dewelappe before. 6. ‘To part by violence from the rest’ (Johnson); to separate suddenly and forcibly; to cut, tear, or pull off. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > with violence reavelOE sever1626 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §400 It is reported..that a Sacrificed Beast hath lowed, after the Heart hath been seuered. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 28 The fatal Stroake, which sever'd the wisest head in England from the Shoulders of the Earle of Strafford. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 519. ¶6 That Species of Shell-fish..that grow to the Surface of several Rocks, and immediately die upon their being severed from the Place where they grow. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 38 He from the stack carves out th' accustom'd load,..With such undeviating and even force He severs it away. 1798 W. Wordsworth Simon Lee in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 104 I struck, and with a single blow The tangled root I sever'd. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 27 By which any length desired will instantly be severed from the rest of the tube. 1839 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 108 The blow, which I gave with the view of severing his head, only cut the gullet and skin and flesh. 1908 S. A. Cook Relig. Anc. Palestine ii. 16 The heads had evidently been severed before burial, and there was no trace of the bodies. 7. Law. a. To divide (a joint estate) into independent parts. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal possession > possess in law [verb (transitive)] > divide some part of property from whole > divide a joint estate sever1528 partition1880 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxiiiiv Whan the ioyntenauntes were ioyntely seased in fee symple..though that one of them made estate of that that vnto hym belongeth for terme of lyfe..yet he hathe not seuered the fee symple. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 182 b If a man maketh a lease to two for their liues, and after granteth the reuersion to one of them in fee, the ioynture is seuered. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 185 How an estate in joint-tenancy may be severed and destroyed. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 499 The question was, whether the jointure was severed or not. 1895 Strahan Law of Property (1908) 89 On the reversion being severed the conditions of all kinds are to be apportioned between the persons among whom the reversion is divided. 1895 Strahan Law of Property (1908) 132 A joint tenancy, where the joint tenants are beneficial owners, may be severed either (a) by a partition of the joint estate, or (b) by alienation by one of the joint tenants of his undivided share. b. To detach (growing fruit or trees, minerals, fixtures, etc.) from the soil or realty. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal possession > possess in law [verb (transitive)] > divide some part of property from whole > detach growing things, minerals, or fixtures sever1602 1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 37 If a man..deuiseth the corne growing vpon the lande, and dyeth before it bee seuered, the deuisee shall haue it. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 55 b If a Disseisor sowe the ground and seuer the corne. 1911 W. B. Odgers & W. B. Odgers Comm. Law Eng. I. 329 All these become personal property as soon as they are severed from the soil, and until they are severed they cannot, of course, be carried away. 1911 W. B. Odgers & W. B. Odgers Comm. Law Eng. II. 700 The produce of the trees, when they should be cut down and severed from the freehold. c. To separate and remove (one of the plaintiffs in a joint action, when he is nonsuited). (See also summon v.) ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > separate (joined defendants) > remove non-suited one sever1602 1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 29 By our law if two bring a writ of warde of the body of the heire beeing within age, and the one of them is summoned and seuered, and the other recouereth, hee which was seuered may haue a writte of accompt against the other for the profites. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 139 In reall or mixt actions the Nonsuite of one Demandant is not the Nonsuite of both, but he that makes default shall be summoned and seuered. 1652 tr. A. Fitzherbert New Natura Brevium 36 If one of those who is named by his proper name, will not sue..he shall be severed. 1741 T. Robinson Common Law of Kent i. vi. 109 If two Coparceners join against the Alienee in a Writ of Partition at Common Law, and one of them does not proceed, yet he may be summoned and severed, as his Part shall be parted and severed, as well as the other Parts. d. To part (two or more defendants) in their trial. (Cf. 10a.) ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > separate (joined defendants) sever1660 1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 57 Are you all agreed as to your Challenges?.. No, my Lord... Then we must do as before, sever you, and go to tryal severally. 1691 Arraignm., Trials, & Condemnation Sir R. Grahme 22 Since they are pleased to declare they will sever in their Challenges, we must desire to sever them in their Tryal, and to begin with the Tryal of my Lord Preston. 8. absol. To make a separation or division (between). rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > make or cause a separation to make separation1413 departa1425 separate1560 part1611 sever1611 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. ix. 4 The Lord shall seuer betweene the cattel of Israel, and the cattell of Egypt. View more context for this quotation 1622 J. Taylor Water-cormorant A 4 The Pope sends stormes forth, seuers or combines, According to his mood it raines or shines. 1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη xi. 82 There remain's in far the Major part of both Houses..so much Learning, Reason, Religion, and just Moderation, as to know how to sever between the use and abuse of things. 1882 E. B. Pusey Parochial & Cathedral Serm. xvii. 243 He stands between the dead and the living. He severs between her past and her future life. II. intransitive. (Cf. the reflexive uses in branch I.) 9. a. Of a person: To go away, part, be sundered from. Of two or more: To be separated, quit each other, go asunder, part. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > part or go away in different directions dealc1000 shedc1000 twin?c1225 departc1290 to-go13.. parta1325 severc1375 disseverc1386 to part companya1400 discontinue1576 to fall apart1599 flya1677 separate1794 dispart1804 split1843 c1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 396 In oure last day..when þis worlde & we shal seuer. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1987 & vche segge as sore to seuer with hym þere As þay hade wonde worþyly with þat wlonk euer. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1797 Ho..semly hym kyssed, & siþen ho seueres hym fro. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 86 Gude lycht harnes fra that tyme wyst he euir, For sodeyn stryff fra it he wald nocht seuir. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. x. 60 Sone eftir baith þe armyis siverit and returnit hame. a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse ii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnn3/2 Come all sever, But keep still within sight. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 366 Seek not temptation then, which to avoide Were better, and most likelie if from mee Thou sever not. View more context for this quotation 1717 A. Pope Leaving Town in Wks. 373 From the dear man unwilling she must sever, Yet takes one kiss before she parts for ever. 1792 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum IV. 358 Ae fond kiss, and then we sever. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 31 Should we sever from each other,..no foreign power will ally with us. 1842 W. A. Butler Serm. (1849) 1st Ser. x. 166 The more the parties sever, the closer the knot is bound. b. of things. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > divergence > diverge [verb (intransitive)] to-liec893 ramify?1541 sever1545 fork1605 divaricate1623 diverge1665 bifurcate1828 split1856 trifurcate1887 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] to-dealeOE shedc1000 asunderOE to-twemea1225 sunderc1225 twin?c1225 atwin?a1400 to make separationc1450 separe1490 twain15.. sever1545 unsever1609 spread1611 separate1638 disclaim1644 to come apart1764 to go separate ways1774 twine1886 1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. I.v Many tymes the one [vein] seuereth from the other, before conuenient season and so causeth aborcement. 1598 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. (new ed.) f. 30 If modesty and women once doe seuer, Farewell our fame, farewell our name for euer. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Zz1v Theis three as in the bodye, so in the minde seeldome meete, and Commonly seuer . View more context for this quotation a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. Remains in Baconiana (1679) 140 Spirit of Wine mingled with common Water, although it be much lighter than Oyl,..severeth not again, as Oyl doth. 1859 Ld. Lytton Once in Wanderer xxiii These lips from thine, I know, must sever. c. Of the lips, doors, or the like: To go apart, open. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > become open [verb (intransitive)] > open by moving apart opena1398 gape1577 to open out1731 sever1797 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > go apart or open opena1400 sever1797 1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl V. iii. 86 Her lips severed, but no voice was heard. 1811 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. 130 The deaf man..Felt her hands' pressure soft and warm, Saw her lips sever. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. i. i. 7 'T is thus,..The portals of fulfilment widely sever. d. Of a whole or aggregate: To part, become divided, be separated into parts. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (intransitive)] to-dealeOE to-goc1000 parta1325 to-shedc1330 departa1387 severc1407 divide1526 dispart1633 split1712 c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 2527 Her companye Ne seuereth nat, but y-fere Eche ys to other so entere. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 4084 She..slowe of hem vp-on euery syde, Makynge her rengis for to seuere wyde. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cijv This fortresse stode in suche a place, that what with waters and what with marishes, the army must seuer in thre partes. 1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron iii. i As, the soul departed from the body, The body wants coherence in his parts Can not consist but seuer and dissolue. 1805–6 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Inferno xxv. 124 His tongue, continuous before and apt For utterance, severs [It. si fende]; and the other's fork Closing unites. 10. Law. a. Of two or more defendants: To plead independently. More fully to sever in their challenges, to sever in their defence, etc. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > plead [verb (intransitive)] > plead independently (of two defendants) severa1625 a1625 H. Hobart Rep. (1641) 344 Now though the Defendants shall not sever in Delatories, yet in Bars they may. 1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 57 If one challenge one [of the Jury-panel], and another challenge another, we must sever, and go to Tryal one by one. 1691 Arraignm., Trials, & Condemnation Sir R. Grahme 23 If you had joyned in your Challenges, then you had been tryed all together... That Advantage you lose by severing in your Challenges. 1824 H. J. Stephen Treat. Princ. Pleading 270 If the defendants have once united in the plea, they cannot afterwards sever at the rejoinder. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 523 The prisoners who were first arraigned did not sever in their challenges, and were consequently tried together. 1884 Law Times Rep. 10 May 321/1 The defendants had severed in their defence to the action. 1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 26 701 Motion made by counsel for the Defendants..for leave to sever in their defences. b. Of joint tenants: To divide their jointure. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal possession > be in possession [verb (intransitive)] > divide joint tenancy sever1895 1895 Strahan Law of Property (1908) 131 When joint tenants for life sever, each takes a tenancy in severalty or in common for his own life in his share. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1375 |
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