seven starsn.

Brit.

/ˌsɛvn ˈstɑːz/, U.S.

/ˌsɛvən ˈstɑrz/

Forms:

α. Old English seofon steorran, Middle English seuen sterres, Middle English seuen sterris, Middle English seuene sterres, Middle English seuene sterris, Middle English seve sterres, 1500s–1600s seuen starres, 1600s seuen stars, 1600s seven starres, 1600s– seven stars, 1700s seven starrs; also Scottish pre-1700 seauen starres.

β. Middle English sterren seuene, Middle English steorren seuen, Middle English sterres seuene, Middle English sterres seven, Middle English sterres sevene, Middle English sterris seuene, Middle English sterrys seuyn, 1500s sterres seuen; also Scottish pre-1700 sterris sevin.

Also with capital initials and (in early use) with the first element represented by the numerical symbol vii.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: seven adj., star n.¹

Etymology: < seven adj. + the plural of star n.¹ Compare Old English seofonstierre (singular) the Pleiades (see note). Compare classical Latin septem stellae the Plough, the Pleiades, septem sīdera the Plough, post-classical Latin septistellium the Pleiades (15th cent.). Compare also seven starns n., a parallel formation in starn n.Parallel collective formations in Old English and other Germanic languages. Old English seofonstierre is rare and only attested in early Old English:eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 40 Pliadas, sifunsterri [eOE Corpus Gloss. sibunsterri].This is an independent word, cognate with or formed similarly to West Frisian sānstjerre , Middle Dutch sevensterre (Dutch zevenster , Dutch regional (West Flemish) zevensterre ), Middle Low German sevenstern , sevensterne , Old High German sibunstirri , sibenstirne (Middle High German sibenstirne , sibenstërne ), Old Icelandic sjaustirni (Icelandic sjöstjarna ), Swedish sjustjärna , Old Danish siwstiern (Danish syvstjerne ) < the Germanic base of seven adj. + a suffixed form of the Germanic base of star n.¹ (ja -stem; here representing a collective formation). Compare also, with prefixed form of the second element (compare y- prefix), Dutch regional (West Flemish) zevengesterre , Middle High German sibengestirne (German Siebengestirn ), and with suffixation and prefixed form of the second element, Middle Dutch sevengesternte (Dutch zevengesternte ; compare also †zevensterte (rare), perhaps a shortening of this), all collective (singular) forms denoting the Pleiades and probably reflecting alteration of cognates of Old English seofonstierre . Note on forms. The β. forms reflect postpositive use of seven adj. and occur chiefly in poetic contexts in which word order is influenced by the demands of rhyme and metre. Notes on senses. With use with reference to the planets (see sense 3), compare Old English þa seofon dweligendan steorran , literally ‘the seven erring or straying stars’, and þa syfan tunglan (compare discussion of use of Old English tungol at star n.¹).

Chiefly with the.

1. The Pleiades, a cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus (traditionally spoken of as seven in number); = seven sisters n. 1. Now somewhat rare.Until the early 19th cent., this was the most usual name of this star cluster, whose position in the sky was used to mark the seasons of the year (cf. quot. 1577) and to tell the time at night (cf. quot. 1803). Now chiefly in historical contexts, or translating names in other languages.In literary allusions, not always clearly distinguishable from the other senses. The biblical instances represented by quots. a1382, 1535, usually (though not always) identified as this sense, have often been associated with the seven stars symbolizing seven churches in the Book of Revelation (1:16, 20).There are in fact several hundred stars in the cluster, of which only six are easily visible to the naked eye: see note at Pleiad n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > star-cluster > [noun] > Pleiades

PleiadOE

seven starsOE

seven sistersc1425

Virgilsc1440

brood-hen1526

hen and chickens1613

OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 9 May (2013) 102 Þonne gangað þa seofon steorran on uhtan upp, ond on æfen on setl.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Job xxxviii. 31 Wheþer þou art strong to ioynen þe shynynge seuene sterres [L. micantes stellas Pleiadas].

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xviii. l. 98 (MED) Shupmen and shephurdes by the seuen sterres Wisten while and tolden whenne hit shoulde reynen.

J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 267 Hys bryght plowgh of sterrys, and eke the systyrrys at ther stent, The qwyche be namyd the sterrys seuyn.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos v. A The Lorde maketh the vij. starres.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 182^v The best time for the first haruest, the rising of the seuen starres, or the beginning of May.

1654 tr. W. Blaeu Tutor to Astron. & Geogr. 335 In the Neck of the Bull there are certain stars standing together in a cluster, which are commonly called the seven Stars; although there can hardly be discerned any more then six.

1717 C. Leadbetter Treat. Eclipses 78 You will see fiery Mars a little to the left of the seven Stars, near Aldebrand.

1803 F. Moore Vox Stellarum 34 A Table of the Rising, Southing, and Setting of the Pleiades, or Seven Stars, for every 4th Day in the Year, of excellent Use to find the Hour of the Night.

1987 J. G. Monroe & R. A. Williamson They Dance in Sky iv. 55 Like the Navajo, the Skidi Pawnee watched the Seven Stars (the Pleiades) for clues about when to plant and harvest.

2. Either of two distinctive groupings of seven bright stars, one in the constellation Ursa Major, known as the Plough or Big Dipper (plough n.¹ 4), and one in the constellation Ursa Minor. rare.Attested more as a general descriptive term than as a specific designation. The sense in quot. c1425 is uncertain (cf. note at sense 3). Cf. Septentrion n. 2, Triones n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Major

Ursac888

Arcturusc1374

beara1398

Ursa Major1398

ploughc1425

Septentrionc1425

seven starsc1425

Great Bear1555

plough star1558

Helice1596

polar bear1648

dipper1842

Big Dipper1856

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xxiii. 502 Þe sercle of þese seuene sterris [L. septem stellarum]..is comounliche iclepid in englische ‘Cherlemaynes Wayne’.]

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 476 To enhaunce þin honour to þe heuene, Aboue þe pole and þe sterres seuene.

1768 J. Hill New Astron. Dict. sig. G3^v/1 One would suppose the understanding the term Seven Stars to be any other than the Pleiades, was a blunder which it was barely possible to arrive at; but there was a possibility of it, and Aben Ezra..tells us, that the word Aish signifies the Seven Stars, that is, the Septemtriones, a constellation, otherwise called the Waggon, and the Great Bear.

1872 Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 228 The ‘seven stars’ of Ursa Major—the Septentriones of the ancients—are known to all.

1964 G. de Santillana Prol. Parmenides ii. 34 It is a relic from far-distant times when we hear that the Norse Kings still held their investiture ‘from the power of the Bear’, although the plumb-line from the Pole to the equinoctial point had long since shifted from the Seven Stars owing to the Precession.

3. The seven ‘planets’ known to ancient and medieval observers (sun, moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn: see planet n. 1a). Now historical.In early quots. referring generally to that part of the heavens in which the planets and stars move (cf. moon n.¹ Phrases 1a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > of older astronomy

planetc1300

erratic starc1374

erring starc1449

seven starsc1530

straying star1585

wanderer1615

erratical1647

erratic1715

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xi. 474 By entringe and outpassinge of þese seuen sterres [L. septem planetarum] into þe twelue signes and out þerof al þing þat is bredde and corrupt in þis neþir worlde is varied and disposid.]

c1530 Metricall Declar. vij Petitions Pater Noster sig. A.iii^v Lyke as the court aboue the sterres seuen Of orders nyne and ierarchyes thre.

1568 W. Dunbar in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 273 We pray to all þe sanctis of hevin That ar aboif the sterris sevin.

1721 D. Humphreys tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Explained I. 24 [The god] Jupiter..hath round him Seven Stars, which mean plainly the Planets.

1810 Encycl. Londinensis IV. 401/2 We are informed that a Brachman sent to Apollonius seven rings, distinguished by the names of the seven stars or planets.

1904 J. Garnier Worship of Dead xi. 246 A few remarks may be made on the worship of the seven stars and the twelve signs of the Zodiac.

2009 G. F. Collins Cosmopsychology v. 109 Out of the seven stars, the Sun and Moon were the only two that did not change direction and move backwards.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	seven stars
释义	seven starsn. Brit. /ˌsɛvn ˈstɑːz/, U.S. /ˌsɛvən ˈstɑrz/ Forms: α. Old English seofon steorran, Middle English seuen sterres, Middle English seuen sterris, Middle English seuene sterres, Middle English seuene sterris, Middle English seve sterres, 1500s–1600s seuen starres, 1600s seuen stars, 1600s seven starres, 1600s– seven stars, 1700s seven starrs; also Scottish pre-1700 seauen starres. β. Middle English sterren seuene, Middle English steorren seuen, Middle English sterres seuene, Middle English sterres seven, Middle English sterres sevene, Middle English sterris seuene, Middle English sterrys seuyn, 1500s sterres seuen; also Scottish pre-1700 sterris sevin. Also with capital initials and (in early use) with the first element represented by the numerical symbol vii. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: seven adj., star n.¹ Etymology: < seven adj. + the plural of star n.¹ Compare Old English seofonstierre (singular) the Pleiades (see note). Compare classical Latin septem stellae the Plough, the Pleiades, septem sīdera the Plough, post-classical Latin septistellium the Pleiades (15th cent.). Compare also seven starns n., a parallel formation in starn n.Parallel collective formations in Old English and other Germanic languages. Old English seofonstierre is rare and only attested in early Old English:eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 40 Pliadas, sifunsterri [eOE Corpus Gloss. sibunsterri].This is an independent word, cognate with or formed similarly to West Frisian sānstjerre , Middle Dutch sevensterre (Dutch zevenster , Dutch regional (West Flemish) zevensterre ), Middle Low German sevenstern , sevensterne , Old High German sibunstirri , sibenstirne (Middle High German sibenstirne , sibenstërne ), Old Icelandic sjaustirni (Icelandic sjöstjarna ), Swedish sjustjärna , Old Danish siwstiern (Danish syvstjerne ) < the Germanic base of seven adj. + a suffixed form of the Germanic base of star n.¹ (ja -stem; here representing a collective formation). Compare also, with prefixed form of the second element (compare y- prefix), Dutch regional (West Flemish) zevengesterre , Middle High German sibengestirne (German Siebengestirn ), and with suffixation and prefixed form of the second element, Middle Dutch sevengesternte (Dutch zevengesternte ; compare also †zevensterte (rare), perhaps a shortening of this), all collective (singular) forms denoting the Pleiades and probably reflecting alteration of cognates of Old English seofonstierre . Note on forms. The β. forms reflect postpositive use of seven adj. and occur chiefly in poetic contexts in which word order is influenced by the demands of rhyme and metre. Notes on senses. With use with reference to the planets (see sense 3), compare Old English þa seofon dweligendan steorran , literally ‘the seven erring or straying stars’, and þa syfan tunglan (compare discussion of use of Old English tungol at star n.¹). Chiefly with the. 1. The Pleiades, a cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus (traditionally spoken of as seven in number); = seven sisters n. 1. Now somewhat rare.Until the early 19th cent., this was the most usual name of this star cluster, whose position in the sky was used to mark the seasons of the year (cf. quot. 1577) and to tell the time at night (cf. quot. 1803). Now chiefly in historical contexts, or translating names in other languages.In literary allusions, not always clearly distinguishable from the other senses. The biblical instances represented by quots. a1382, 1535, usually (though not always) identified as this sense, have often been associated with the seven stars symbolizing seven churches in the Book of Revelation (1:16, 20).There are in fact several hundred stars in the cluster, of which only six are easily visible to the naked eye: see note at Pleiad n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > star-cluster > [noun] > Pleiades PleiadOE seven starsOE seven sistersc1425 Virgilsc1440 brood-hen1526 hen and chickens1613 OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 9 May (2013) 102 Þonne gangað þa seofon steorran on uhtan upp, ond on æfen on setl. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Job xxxviii. 31 Wheþer þou art strong to ioynen þe shynynge seuene sterres [L. micantes stellas Pleiadas]. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xviii. l. 98 (MED) Shupmen and shephurdes by the seuen sterres Wisten while and tolden whenne hit shoulde reynen. J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 267 Hys bryght plowgh of sterrys, and eke the systyrrys at ther stent, The qwyche be namyd the sterrys seuyn. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos v. A The Lorde maketh the vij. starres. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 182^v The best time for the first haruest, the rising of the seuen starres, or the beginning of May. 1654 tr. W. Blaeu Tutor to Astron. & Geogr. 335 In the Neck of the Bull there are certain stars standing together in a cluster, which are commonly called the seven Stars; although there can hardly be discerned any more then six. 1717 C. Leadbetter Treat. Eclipses 78 You will see fiery Mars a little to the left of the seven Stars, near Aldebrand. 1803 F. Moore Vox Stellarum 34 A Table of the Rising, Southing, and Setting of the Pleiades, or Seven Stars, for every 4th Day in the Year, of excellent Use to find the Hour of the Night. 1987 J. G. Monroe & R. A. Williamson They Dance in Sky iv. 55 Like the Navajo, the Skidi Pawnee watched the Seven Stars (the Pleiades) for clues about when to plant and harvest. 2. Either of two distinctive groupings of seven bright stars, one in the constellation Ursa Major, known as the Plough or Big Dipper (plough n.¹ 4), and one in the constellation Ursa Minor. rare.Attested more as a general descriptive term than as a specific designation. The sense in quot. c1425 is uncertain (cf. note at sense 3). Cf. Septentrion n. 2, Triones n. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Major Ursac888 Arcturusc1374 beara1398 Ursa Major1398 ploughc1425 Septentrionc1425 seven starsc1425 Great Bear1555 plough star1558 Helice1596 polar bear1648 dipper1842 Big Dipper1856 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xxiii. 502 Þe sercle of þese seuene sterris [L. septem stellarum]..is comounliche iclepid in englische ‘Cherlemaynes Wayne’.] c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 476 To enhaunce þin honour to þe heuene, Aboue þe pole and þe sterres seuene. 1768 J. Hill New Astron. Dict. sig. G3^v/1 One would suppose the understanding the term Seven Stars to be any other than the Pleiades, was a blunder which it was barely possible to arrive at; but there was a possibility of it, and Aben Ezra..tells us, that the word Aish signifies the Seven Stars, that is, the Septemtriones, a constellation, otherwise called the Waggon, and the Great Bear. 1872 Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 228 The ‘seven stars’ of Ursa Major—the Septentriones of the ancients—are known to all. 1964 G. de Santillana Prol. Parmenides ii. 34 It is a relic from far-distant times when we hear that the Norse Kings still held their investiture ‘from the power of the Bear’, although the plumb-line from the Pole to the equinoctial point had long since shifted from the Seven Stars owing to the Precession. 3. The seven ‘planets’ known to ancient and medieval observers (sun, moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn: see planet n. 1a). Now historical.In early quots. referring generally to that part of the heavens in which the planets and stars move (cf. moon n.¹ Phrases 1a). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > of older astronomy planetc1300 erratic starc1374 erring starc1449 seven starsc1530 straying star1585 wanderer1615 erratical1647 erratic1715 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xi. 474 By entringe and outpassinge of þese seuen sterres [L. septem planetarum] into þe twelue signes and out þerof al þing þat is bredde and corrupt in þis neþir worlde is varied and disposid.] c1530 Metricall Declar. vij Petitions Pater Noster sig. A.iii^v Lyke as the court aboue the sterres seuen Of orders nyne and ierarchyes thre. 1568 W. Dunbar in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 273 We pray to all þe sanctis of hevin That ar aboif the sterris sevin. 1721 D. Humphreys tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Explained I. 24 [The god] Jupiter..hath round him Seven Stars, which mean plainly the Planets. 1810 Encycl. Londinensis IV. 401/2 We are informed that a Brachman sent to Apollonius seven rings, distinguished by the names of the seven stars or planets. 1904 J. Garnier Worship of Dead xi. 246 A few remarks may be made on the worship of the seven stars and the twelve signs of the Zodiac. 2009 G. F. Collins Cosmopsychology v. 109 Out of the seven stars, the Sun and Moon were the only two that did not change direction and move backwards. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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