单词 | separate |
释义 | separateadj.n. A. adj. 1. Separated. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [adjective] > separate or separated sunderedc1230 ysondredc1380 discretea1398 divisec1420 dissevered1471 separate?a1475 separated1535 semoted1542 dissociate1548 dirempt1580 dissundered1580 severed1581 parted1595 dividual1598 twain1600 sejunct1602 disassociated1611 dissociated1611 dividenta1616 entire to itselfa1618 interstinct1623 disjected1647 segregant1647 severized1649 divided1658 separate1667 secrete1678 disaffiliated1839 dirempted1900 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 73 If hit were separate [L. si separaretur] in that maner from this worlde habitable. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 34 Preamble The same..Hereditamentes shuld be..separat severed and disanexed from the Duchie of Cornwall. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. xii. sig. p.iiv Whan all the officers departed were thens Supposynge the soule seperate from the body. 1555 Pendleton in Bonner's Homilies 33 b Those, that haue seperate from the catholyke church. 1568 (a1508) W. Kennedy Flyting (Bannatyne) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 208 Sodomyt syphareit fra sanctis celestiall. 1646 R. Baillie Anabaptism 51 After they have separate from all other Churches. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 31 Why was my breeding order'd and prescrib'd As of a person separate to God. View more context for this quotation 1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 7 The Atoms or Particles which now constitute Heaven and Earth, being once separate and diffused in the Mundane Space,..could never [etc.]. II. as adjective. 2. a. Parted, divided, or withdrawn from others; disjoined, disconnected, detached, set or kept apart. Const. from. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [adjective] > separate or separated sunderedc1230 ysondredc1380 discretea1398 divisec1420 dissevered1471 separate?a1475 separated1535 semoted1542 dissociate1548 dirempt1580 dissundered1580 severed1581 parted1595 dividual1598 twain1600 sejunct1602 disassociated1611 dissociated1611 dividenta1616 entire to itselfa1618 interstinct1623 disjected1647 segregant1647 severized1649 divided1658 separate1667 secrete1678 disaffiliated1839 dirempted1900 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 422 He sought them both, but wish'd his hap might find Eve separate . View more context for this quotation 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. iv. 35 'Twere hard to conceive an eternal Watch, whose pieces were never separate one from another, nor ever in any other form. 1729 G. Adams tr. Sophocles Oedipus Coloneus v. iv, in tr. Sophocles Trag. II. 162 He died without Sepulchre, separate from any Man. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 80 Stamens and Pistils are said to be separate when they are found upon the same plant, but in different flowers. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. x. 237 The moment in which I detect the least sign of treachery, thy head and body are three yards separate. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge ix. 285 The footsteps..appeared to have some object quite separate and disconnected from herself. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 29 Phosphorus..is never met with in a separate state, but always in combination with some other element. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxiii. 120 A friendship..Which masters Time indeed, and is Eternal, separate from fears. 1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times ii. 41 Small separate plates of ice are formed. b. Of persons, a dwelling, etc.: Withdrawn from society or intercourse; shut off from access. separate confinement, the system of confining prisoners in separate cells. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] solec1407 separate1600 sequestereda1616 unconjunctive1643 recluse1656 separated1730 removed1766 insulated1781 stray1796 insulate1803 isolated1811 Robinson Crusoe1823 incommunicado1844 shut-out1853 isolate1854 marooned1883 cut-off1894 shut-away1911 shut-off1913 splitsville1964 society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > in solitary confinement reclusion1800 separate confinement1849 cell1861 pindown1985 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 166 This castle..being separate from concourse of people, and a solitarie place fitte for a man to studie in. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 24 The Women..are all lodged in a separate appartment together. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 390 Now in a secret Vale, the Trojan sees A sep'rate Grove. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xix. 358 See, here's the plan of my Bungalow, with all convenience for being separate and sulky when I please. 1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci v. ii. 91 Conduct these culprits each to separate cells. 1849 Edinb. Rev. July 11 The tendency of prolonged separate confinement is to affect the mind. 1863 Rep. Sel. Comm. Gaols 13 Prisons..upon the separate system. c. Of a soul: Not joined to a body, disembodied. ΚΠ 1653 H. More Antidote against Atheism in Coll. Philos. Writings (1712) iii. xiv. §1 130 Separate Souls being ἰσάγγελοι, in a condition not unlike the Angels themselves. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. i. 41 Whatever Ideas the Mind can receive, and contemplate without the help of the Body, it is reasonable to conclude, it can retain without the help of the Body too, or else the Soul, or any separate Spirit, will have but little advantage by thinking. d. Parted or withdrawn from the Church. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > [adjective] sectary1590 separatistical1610 separistical1633 separistic1655 separate1680 separating1734 sectarian1796 sectarial1816 separatist1830 separatistic1830 denominational1838 separatical1846 societyisha1873 confessional1907 society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > schism > [adjective] schismaticc1440 schismatical1548 schismic1608 schismatizing1657 separate1680 schismaticating1712 separated1869 1680 E. Stillingfleet Mischief of Separation 32 Nothing doth more alienate mens affections, than withdrawing from each other into separate Congregations. 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 914 A Church that is separate from the Church Catholick. 3. a. Withdrawn or divided from something else so as to have an independent existence by itself. separate establishment: see establishment n. 10b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or distinct sunderlyeOE sundryOE serec1175 proper1340 serelepesa1400 sundrylepesc1400 sunderlepesa1450 peculiar1509 several1533 unconfounded1577 well-distinguished1594 articulate1603 unconfused1609 inconfused1626 separate1691 demarcated1862 1691 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 62 He..was the sole industrious moover, that it might be made a separate Parish. 1724 D. Waterland Farther Vindic. Christ's Divinity ii. 58 The prevailing Custom of Speech, which never gives the Name of Substances to any thing, but where the Substance is separate, or separable. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. viii. 194 He proceeded to enroll the troops into separate bodies. 1861 Two Cosmos II. v. iv. 156 He had ready for publication an Essay on the separate existence of Matter. 1887 F. B. Zincke Some Materials Hist. Wherstead 188 If it is regarded disconnectedly and as a separate entity, it teaches little. b. Belonging or peculiar to one, not common to or shared with the other or the others. In a hotel or boarding-house: separate table. Also spec. of rooms, etc., to which each of a married couple retires separately.separate maintenance: see maintenance n. 3b. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > own > own private privyc1300 private1442 appropriate1628 separate1673 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adjective] > special or private sunderlyeOE sundrilyeOE singularc1380 private1526 alonely1567 sole1597 separate1673 exclusive1765 secluded1790 undivided1867 1673 W. Temple Let. to Duke Ormond in Wks. (1757) II. 235 This point can only be gained by a separate peace between us and Holland; for if the war should come to end in a general treaty [etc.]. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Separate, distinct, particular, different. 1711 J. Swift Conduct of Allies 86 Have not those two Realms their separate Maxims of Policy, which must operate in Times of Peace? 1756 F. Brooke et al. Old Maid 15, 86 I have proposed separate beds, but that he will never hear of. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lix. 268 That each of them should act his separate part, with honour and integrity to the public. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xxiv. 111 ‘Kind host,’ he said, ‘our needs require A separate board and separate fire.’ 1817 J. Austen Let. 20 Feb. (1995) 330 I wd recommend to her & Mr D. the simple regimen of separate rooms. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. xiv. 341 Each pressed forward upon his separate object. 1838 H. Martineau Retrospect of Western Trav. I. 236 We..had..a separate table, at Mrs. Peyton's boarding-house. 1840 T. De Quincey Style: No. III in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 514/2 One poem, which..has a characteristic or separate beauty of its own. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xiii. 84 A married woman, although having separate estate, and living apart from her husband. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 3 Luther and Calvin in their separate ways brought into splendid prominence their new ideas of moral order. 1910 Bradshaw's Railway Guide 1008 (advt.) White Lion... Coffee Room (separate tables), Billiard Room. 1971 J. Fleming Grim Death xi. 161 A Private Hotel on the sea-front where they had dinner at night and separate tables. 1977 C. Storr Tales from Psychiatrist's Couch iv. 36 She sleeps in a twin bed in London, but in the cottage we have separate rooms. c. Considered or reckoned by itself (although mentioned as one of several); single, individual. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or single > considered as separate1840 1840 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Clive in Ess. ⁋19 While the great body [of the empire], as a whole, was torpid and passive, every separate member began..to move with an energy all its own. 1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables xvi. 263 Just as there comes a warm sunbeam into every cottage window, so comes a love-beam of God's care and pity, for every separate need. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 716 The metamorphoses of material proceed pari passu with the growth of the separate parts. d. Distinct in occurrence or enumeration; not combined or put together. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or single oneOE singularc1340 particulara1387 serea1400 serelepya1400 several1448 single?a1475 individual1593 numerical1643 versal1709 varsal1751 separate1907 1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 161 Three separate baths of this strength. e. separate but equal: asserting the equality of races under racial segregation. U.S. ΚΠ 1776 T. Jefferson in Dunlop's Pennsylvania Packet 8 July 1/1 When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one People..to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them. 1890 Louisiana Acts CXI. 152 An Act..requiring all railway companies..to provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races.] 1892 F. W. Gage Negro Probl. in U.S. iii. 92 If railroad companies care to furnish separate but equal accommodations on equal terms to each race, no objection need be made. 1915 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 235 160 It was not an infraction of the Fourteenth Amendment for a State to require separate, but equal, accommodations for the two races. 1948 Time 9 Feb. 75/1 In Missouri, where a ‘separate but equal’ law school has had its longest test. 1954 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 347 495 We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. f. separate school n. Canadian a school receiving pupils from a racial or religious minority.For detailed evidence and comment see Dict. Canadianisms. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > [noun] schoolOE universityc1300 academyc1550 nursery1581 training place1581 seminarya1604 cathedral1644 teaching house1849 separate school1852 nursing home1880 stable1942 1852 Dundas Warden (Canada West) 28 May 2/7 The law makes provision for Separate Schools, to meet an exigency—namely, the anticipated intrusion of the religious dogmas of a majority upon a minority. 1857 H. F. Douglass in Ontario Hist. (1963) June 88 Separate schools and churches are nuisances that should be abated as soon as possible, they are dark and hateful relics of Yankee Negrophobia. 1872 Canadian Monthly July 64/1 The Roman Catholics spoke frankly and sincerely for their separate schools, the New Brunswickers for their local liberties. 1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 14 Apr. 5/2 Steps are being taken by the Roman Catholic authorities towards the establishment of separate schools in and near Vancouver. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 30/2 (advt.) Convenient to public, junior high and separate schools. 1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 16 Jan. 29/8 That meant I was Roman Catholic,..that my oppressed and persecuted parents had to pay for my separate school education as well as the education of all the heathens in the public schools. g. separate development n. the systematic development or regulation of a group or race by itself independently of other groups or races in a society; originally and chiefly South African, = apartheid n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > segregation or discrimination discrimination1819 colour discrimination1868 colour bar1869 segregation1903 plural democracy1939 apartheid1947 parallel development1950 separate development1955 petty apartheid1964 1955 Summary Rep. Comm. Socio-Econ. Devel. Bantu Areas S. Afr. iii. xxv. 105/1 (heading) Objections to the policy of separate development. 1962 Listener 5 Apr. 606/2 The success of apartheid or parallelism or separate development—call it what you will—is dependent on educating the Bantu to take over all their responsibilities themselves. 1968 Economist 12 Oct. 17/1 A rigid, and openly acknowledged, form of ‘separate development’ operates there [i.e. in Londonderry]. The most populous ward..is wholly Catholic..but skilful use of the ‘property qualification’ for local government elections [etc.]..ensure that these 12 councillors are Protestant Unionists. 1977 Time 21 Nov. 12/1 What is at stake, ultimately, is whether the government will be able to carry on with the Afrikaners' grand scheme of apartheid—also known as ‘separate development’ and more recently as ‘plural democracy’. 1979 E. Norman Christianity & World Order v. 61 The Dutch Reformed Church does not teach white racial superiority, nor is Separate Development an attempt to institutionalize racial discrimination. B. n. (absolute or elliptical uses of the adjective.) 1. One who withdraws from the Church; a separatist. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > [noun] > person sectator?1541 sectary1558 sectare1563 sectuary1592 disjunctive1596 separator1607 swermer1607 swermerian1607 separatist1608 sectist1612 separate1612 opinionist1613 separistc1616 seeker1617 sectarist1618 sectarian1827 come-outer1840 denominationalist1870 disjunctionist1872 1612 W. Sclater Ministers Portion 2 What ods is there betwixt this beggerly conclusion of those old beggers, and that of late separats, that make it Christs ordinance for Ministers to liue of their peoples voluntary contribution. 1648 J. Owen Eschol 52 He that will not separate from world, and false-worship is a Separate from Christ. 1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα i. ii. 41 Chusing rather to be a rank Separate, a meer Quaker, an arrant Seeker. 2. A member of an American Calvinistic Methodist sect of the 18th century, so called because organized into separate societies. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Methodism > Methodist sects and groups > [noun] > separate separate1884 1884 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 2160. 3. U.S. An article or document issued separately; esp. a copy of an article reprinted from a magazine, volume of ‘transactions’, etc., for separate distribution. ΚΠ 1886 Rep. of U.S. Sec. of Treasury 405 It will be noticed that to the questions 16, 17, and 18, in the separate of January 18, 1886, no reply is given by the superintendent of the mint. 1892 Athenæum 12 Nov. 666/3 From time to time we receive odd ‘separates’ of papers published in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 1894 Harvard Teachers' Assoc. Leaflet No. 11. 4 The geographical report..might be reprinted in the annual report of the superintendent of public instruction, from which ‘separates’ could be struck off. 1897 Nat. Sci. Dec. 432 This 4to tract..cannot be a separate of the Mém. de l'Inst. paper. 4. Mathematics. Any one of a set of partitions into which a partition of a number can be separated. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > partition separate1888 partition1905 1888 MacMahon in Amer. Jrnl. Math. (1889) 11 2 A partition is separated into separates by writing down a set of partitions, each separate partition in its own brackets, from left to right, so that when all the parts of these partitions are assembled in a single bracket, the partition which is separated is reproduced. 5. A period of separate confinement (see A. 2b). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > in solitary confinement > period of separate1862 1862 Cornhill Mag. Nov. 640 Professional thieves..form a net-work..by..which all criminal knowledge circulates. In prison and out of it, in the lowly village lodging-house and..‘doing their separates’ at Pentonville..they..spread criminal knowledge. 1904 A. Griffiths Fifty Years Public Service xv. 193 There were penal servitude convicts of both sexes doing ‘separates’, the first probationary period of nine months, a modified form of solitary confinement. 6. Geology. Any of the fractions into which constituents of a soil or other material can be separated according to a property such as particle size or mineral composition. Cf. soil separate n. at soil n.1 Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > soil science > [noun] > soil extract or separate separate1909 soil separate1928 soil extract1957 1909 A. G. McCall Physical Properties of Soils 84 The separates to be determined are as follows: Fine gravel 2·0–1·0 mm, Coarse sand 1·0–0·5,..Clay 0·005. 1924 F. E. Bear Soil Managem. vii. 56 In the Illinois soil survey, silt is defined as a separate the particles in which may vary from 0·03 to 0·001 millimeter in diameter. 1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ii. 10 The sand separate which occurs in an amount greater than any other separate is used to indicate the name; for example, fine sandy loam indicates a predominance of fine sand. 1977 New Scientist 21 Apr. 120/1 Isotopic abundance anomalies in mineral separates from meteorites. 7. An offprint of an article from a periodical journal. ΚΠ 1925 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 63 373 In the case of ‘separates’ reference is given to the original publication. 8. plural. Articles of (esp. women's) dress which may be worn in various combinations and not only as parts of a matching outfit. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > other disguise1340 disguisingc1386 shiftc1570 French cut1606 knaverya1616 small clothes1625 small storesa1643 nugging-dress1699 kilting1721 fancy dress1770 under-habit1772 man-millinery1790 sheen1802 costume1818 ingubu1833 bedizenment1837 tat1839 extravaganza1860 rational dress1873 rubber1876 pearly1890 new look1920 collection1921 Daks1933 smart casual1943 separates1945 trapeze1958 Carnaby Street1965 haute boutique1966 kinderwhore1994 1945 Britannica Bk. of Year 276/2 These ‘separates’ were outfits of which the several parts could be inter~changed to form many combinations. 1948 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Apr. 3/7 (advt.) Tropical separates... Of crisp tropical rayon suiting nicely tailored... You can either ‘mix 'em or match 'em’. 1958 TV Times 20 June 15/2 She finds ‘separates’ ideal for her type of performance. 1964 McCall's Sewing in Colour i. 13/1 Separates are the answer to the schoolgirl's needs. Skirts, sweaters, jackets and blouses that can mix and match are perfect. 1979 Sunday Star (Toronto) 30 Sept. d2/2 She's learned the knack of putting her own looks together with separates. She's off to school one day in gray dress pants, hot pink sweater and pale pink tam. 9. A self-contained, free-standing component of a sound reproduction system. Usually plural. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > record-playing equipment > free-standing component separate1974 1974 Times 8 Apr. 12/1 Demand for all kinds of audio systems—‘separates’ and otherwise. 1977 Gramophone Apr. 1625/2 Akai showed, along with five new receivers, that it too was getting into a wide line of separates and speakers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). separatev. I. Transitive senses. 1. a. To put apart, set asunder (two or more persons or things, or one from another); to disunite, disconnect, make a division between. Also with out. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] to-twemec893 sunderOE asunderOE shedOE dealOE shill1049 skillc1175 to-twinc1175 twinc1230 disseverc1250 depart1297 slita1300 to-throwc1315 parta1325 drevec1325 devisec1330 dividec1374 sever1382 unknit?a1425 divorce1430 separea1450 separate?a1475 untine1496 to put apart1530 discussa1542 deceper1547 disseparate1550 apart1563 unjoint1565 shoal1571 divisionatea1586 single1587 dispart1590 descide1598 disassociate1598 distract1600 dissolve1605 discriminate1615 dissociate1623 discerpa1628 discind1640 dissunder1642 distinguish1648 severize1649 unstring1674 skaila1833 cleave1873 dirempt1885 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body skillc1175 to tell outc1325 shillc1440 sequestrate1513 sorta1535 shoal1571 segregate1579 dismember1580 single1582 scatter1588 disgregate1593 recond1608 sepone1619 sequester1625 canton1653 to cantonize outa1670 portion1777 to set off1795 to comb out1854 distinguish1866 split1924 hive off1931 section1960 separate1962 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 249 [They] supposede that God wolde separate theyme that he myȝhte subiecte theym diuidede the rather to hym. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. viii. 35 Who shall seperate vs from goddes love? a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 44 And surelie the distance betwixt London and Lysbon, should not stoppe, any kinde of frendlie dewtie..if the greatest matter of all did not in certeyne pointes, separate our myndes. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 54 Life and these lips haue long bene separated . View more context for this quotation 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ix. 18 The dragon wing of night orespreds the earth, And stickler-like the armies separates . View more context for this quotation 1631 Earl of Manchester Contemplatio Mortis 90 Naturall death doth but separate the bodie from the soule: But spirituall death separates the soule from God. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 970 Rather then Death..Shall separate us, linkt in Love so deare. View more context for this quotation 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 279 Separate the wires and the effect ceases. 1839 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 91 Being thus separated from my attendants, I lost my way. 1874 J. Parker Paraclete i. x. 158 What separates nation from nation so completely as ignorance of each other's speech? 1962 H. O. Beecheno Introd. Business Stud. xi. 93 For the mass of smaller businesses these functions must be separated out. 1980 V. Cunningham Spanish Civil War Verse 64 The various elements of his poetry can't be separated out like this. b. reflexive. ΚΠ 1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. xlij They..have separated them selves from the laye men, countinge them viler then dogges. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. M.i He ought to worke the matter wisely in seperating himself from the multitude. a1600 R. Hooker Two Serm. (1614) 17 Men do separate themselues either by heresie, schisme, or apostasie. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 9 If one part of the Universall Church do separate it self from another part,..not as it is a part of the Universal Church, but only so far as it is corrupted and degenerated. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 173 To the Anglican Church he had always been strongly attached, and had repeatedly, where her interests were concerned, separated himself with regret from his dearest friends. c. To put asunder in thought, to distinguish, treat as distinct. Also with off. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern [verb (transitive)] > distinguish, separate winnowc825 tryc1330 distinguea1340 divide1377 departc1380 devisea1400 sever1426 perceivea1500 deem1530 discern1533 searcec1535 sort1553 to pick outa1555 decern1559 difference1596 distinguisha1616 severalize1645 separate1651 secern1656 run1795 define1807 sequester1841 differentiate1857 divaricate1868 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 182 The good of the Soveraign and People, cannot be separated. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §315 When the elevation of the object becomes too small to be discerned, as separated from the luminous reflection. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I II. vi. 143 In modern history it seems to me always impossible to separate religion from politics. 1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iii. 35 Men had not yet learned to satisfy their consciences by separating the person from the office. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 12 It is as great a mistake..for the theologian to separate off the ship from the passengers as for the naturalist to separate off the passengers from the ship. d. To discharge (a person) from the armed forces (U.S. Military); †to remove from employment. ΚΠ 1859 R. Thornton Jrnl. 25 June in E. C. Tabler Zambezi Papers of Richard Thornton (1963) I. 103 About 3 p.m. Dr. L. gave me an official letter separating me from the Expedition. 1888 Civil Service (U.S.) Comm. 4th Rep. 51 A statement of the number of persons who have been ‘separated’ from the classified service by removal, resignation, and death cannot be made. 1946 Britannica Bk. of Year 833/1 Separate, to discharge or release from active duty in the armed services. 1971 Reader's Digest (U.S. ed.) Oct. 13/1 This year one million veterans will be separated from the service. 2. To remove from conjugal cohabitation, esp. by a judicial decree. (Cf. separation n. 3.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > divorce or dissolution > dissolve (a marriage) [verb (transitive)] > separate from (each other) > separate (man and wife) separatea1540 a1540 R. Barnes Lawfull for Priestes to marry Wiues in W. Tyndale et al. Wks. (1573) ii. 331/2 Commaundyng to forbydde priestes that had not yet maryed, for to marry. And those yt had maried, to bee separated from their wyues. 1764 G. Williams in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1843) I. 325 The Duke and Duchess of Grafton are separated, though the articles are not yet agreed upon between them. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xiii. 291 My Lord Mohun was separated from his wife. 3. To keep apart or divide by an intervening space or barrier. Of the intervening medium: To part by lying between, to occupy the space or interval between. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > keep apart > by something intervening sever1422 separate1553 sunder?1556 gulf1680 shift1703 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > keep apart > said of that which separates depart1297 sever1533 separate1553 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Hviijv Whether..nature..had not so deuided and seperated the East from the West. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xii. 47 The goulph of Ponthus..separateth Asia from Europe. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 208 It standeth so neere the mountaine last mentioned, that they are onely separated with the foresaid riuer. 1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. e3 Stables, and even Kitchens ought to be separated from the main body of a Palace. 1727 P. Longueville Hermit 157 Being come to the other side of the Rock, he finds at the Bottom of it a narrow Lake which separated it from the Land. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xii. 290 The younger race..had..broken down many of the barriers which separated for half a century the Norman victors from the vanquished Saxons. 1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 259 This shell has six turns, very projecting, deeply separated. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 276 The ten centuries which separated the reign of Charlemagne from the reign of Napoleon. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xiii. 303 The deep gulf which separates the two regions. 4. a. To set apart or segregate for a special purpose. Const. for, to, unto. (Chiefly in Biblical language.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)] shedOE depart1297 externec1420 deforce1430 sequesterc1430 enstrange1483 estrange1523 separate1526 alienate1534 segregate1542 foreign1598 excommunicate1602 stranger1608 dissociate1623 discorporate1695 disincorporate1701 atomize1895 twine1895 ghetto1936 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from to-partc1325 dividec1380 separate1526 decide1570 discoast1583 shut1697 mark1706 to shut off1833 to mark off1848 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > for a purpose reservec1410 separate1526 to set apart1711 to set aside1720 seclude1771 ring-fence1870 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xiii. 2 Seperat me Barnabas and Saul for the worke where vnto I have called them. 1611 Bible (King James) Rom. i. 1 Paul..separated vnto the Gospel of God. View more context for this quotation 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 9 Who separated the Gentile and rejected the Iew? 1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes i. 12 Whoever of the ancient Patriarchs first separated a Tenth. 1785 W. Paley Moral & Polit. Philos. (1818) II. v. vii. 92 Every trespass upon that reserve which public decency has established breaks down the fence by which the day is separated to the service of religion. 1798 M. Cutler in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 11 You are now, Sir, vested with power to ordain and separate others to the work of the ministry. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > preclude warnc1000 exclude1382 forshutc1430 before-barc1449 prohibit1516 foreclose1546 seclude1566 preclude1610 prescind1636 separate1644 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 17 Lastly, who shall forbid and separat all idle resort, all evill company? 5. a. To remove or part (a substance) from another with which it is combined or mixed; esp. to do this by some technical process. Also with out. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > an element from a substance or mixture extract1594 separate1617 sever1626 segregate1691 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 147 The Tinne and Leade is mingled with Silver, but so, as it doth not largely quit the cost of the labour in seperating or trying it. 1683 W. Soames tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Art of Poetry iv. 67 From the fine Gold I separate th' Allay. 1784 E. Cullen tr. T. Bergman Physical & Chem. Ess. I. 221 The selenite may be still better separated from the iron, by boiling the dried residuum [etc.]. 1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (ed. 2) ii. ii. 210 It is in the furnace that the dross is separated. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xix. 163 Plants..are able slowly to separate out and assimilate the potash from these rocks and soils. b. Of a gland: To secrete. Of a material substance: To give off or emit from itself. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > action or process of secreting > secrete [verb (transitive)] secern1626 separate1692 secrete1707 resecrete1876 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to miscellaneous other processes reduce?a1425 weaken1540 projecta1550 brown1570 spiritualize1593 colliquate1603 redisperse1621 imbibe1626 educe1651 to cant off1658 part1663 regalize1664 dint1669 roche1679 subtilizea1722 neutralize1744 develop1756 evolve1772 extricate1790 separate1805 unburn1815 leach1860 methylate1864 nitrate1872 nitre1880 sweeten1885 deflocculate1909 hybridize1959 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) ii. 33 There being Glandules on purpose to separate a humor for that purpose. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 206 Furnished with glands, which separate a substance that has the smell of musk. 1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 286 Cheltenham water, when fresh drawn, appears tolerably clear... It becomes more turbid by standing, and separates air bubbles in a small quantity. 6. To divide into (two or more) parts. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] to-shedc888 to-dealeOE dealc950 twemea1023 to-doOE to-shiftc1122 brittenc1175 sunderc1230 depart1297 parta1300 twain15.. dividec1380 minisha1382 dressc1410 dissever1417 sever1435 quarterc1440 distinct1526 videc1540 disperse1548 several1570 separate1581 dirempt1587 distinguish1609 piecemeal1611 discrete1624 dispart1629 slit1645 parcel1652 canton1653 tripartite1653 split1707 carve1711 scind1869 1581 J. Hamilton Catholik Traictise ii. f. 34 Moyses liftit vp his vand, and seperat the see. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 196 As a shepherd separates his flock, These to the upland, to the valley those. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > make or cause a separation to make separation1413 departa1425 separate1560 part1611 sever1611 1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. lix. 2 Your iniquities haue separated betwene you and your God. a1653 H. Binning Common Princ. Christian Relig. in Wks. (1735) 9 The Cloud of our Sins, that separates between God and us. II. intransitive. (Cf. the reflexive use 1b.) 8. a. Of a person: To quit the company or society of another or others; to go away, secede or withdraw from (esp. a church). ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > [verb (intransitive)] separate1595 sectarianize1842 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > lack of social communications or relations [verb (intransitive)] > withdraw from association separate1595 cut1783 dissociate1866 to draw away1892 1684 R. Baxter Short Answer in Whether Parish Congregations be True Christian Churches ii. 19 I must not separate from every Kingdom, Church, or Family that is ill governed. 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 20 William Whittinghame one of those that Compiled the Francfort Liturgie, and separate with the rest to Geneva upon the Contest about the English Liturgie. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. xv. 240 No, Miss Lucy Bertram, while I live I will not separate from you. b. Of two or more persons: To quit each other's society or company; (of a company) to break up. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate [verb (intransitive)] dealc1000 to make separationc1450 to break up1535 diverta1575 disjoina1642 unherd1661 separate1690 to cut (also slip) the painter1699 enisle1852 segregate1863 bust1880 isolate1988 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > part or go away in different directions dealc1000 shedc1000 twin?c1225 departc1290 to-go13.. parta1325 severc1375 disseverc1386 to part companya1400 discontinue1576 to fall apart1599 flya1677 separate1794 dispart1804 split1843 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter or be dispersed [verb (intransitive)] > break up (of an assembly) sunderc1225 dissolvea1535 to break up1535 disband1598 dissemblea1626 dismiss1809 separate1885 to let out1888 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate [verb (intransitive)] > break up (of a company) disband1598 separate1885 1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. v. §39 When there was not room enough..for their Herds to feed together, they, by consent,..separated, and inlarged their pasture. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. iv. 125 They separated at an early hour. 1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough xix The conversation held between the latter and Mr. Sawyer..before separating for the night. 1885 W. Pater Marius the Epicurean (1910) II. xx. 86 It was time for the company to separate. c. To withdraw from conjugal cohabitation. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > divorce or dissolution > divorce or separate [verb (intransitive)] divort1581 dismiss1608 unmarry1635 divorce1643 separate1686 to part beds1710 to break a marriage1844 bust1880 to break up1912 split1942 split1942 uncouple1942 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 332 The differences that happen between man and wife..and the Reasons that move 'em to separate. 1794 Ann. Reg., Chron. *11 The parties had separated the 24th of July, 1793, and no evidence had been produced to affect his client, but cohabitation since the separation. 1819 Ann. Reg., Chron. (1820) 252 Is the prisoner your husband?.. Yes. I believe you separated from him for some time?—Yes. 9. a. Of a thing: To part (from something else); to be disunited or disjoined, to become detached; to draw apart or asunder. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] to-dealeOE shedc1000 asunderOE to-twemea1225 sunderc1225 twin?c1225 atwin?a1400 to make separationc1450 separe1490 twain15.. sever1545 unsever1609 spread1611 separate1638 disclaim1644 to come apart1764 to go separate ways1774 twine1886 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > become detached [verb (intransitive)] skilla1200 unjoinc1390 to come away1575 uncleave1578 to come off1580 separate1638 shrink1688 detach1842 unship1867 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 219 The bridge..has a plain and easie passage over 30 long boats, concatenated and made to separate at pleasure. 1739 S. Sharp Treat. Operations Surg. Introd. 43 The Bullet makes an Eschar, which usually separates in a few days. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 390 Swammerdam..was of opinion that the bones themselves separated from each other, and closed again. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 222 The gangrene was separating. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 549 The mortified parts separated, without assistance, from the sound parts. 1832 John Bull 13 Feb. 56/1 The roof of the nave has separated in one place from the wall. b. Of a mineral or chemical substance: To be parted or disengaged from a mass or compound; to be drawn out from a solution in the form of crystals or as a precipitate. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > separate from main body single1616 separate1844 disaggregate1852 segregate1863 hive off1937 1844 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. 406 The salt separates in minute needles. 1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xix. 198 On cooling, potassium nitrate separates out in crystals. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1475v.?a1475 |
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