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单词 separate
释义

separateadj.n.

Brit. /ˈsɛp(ə)rət/, U.S. /ˈsɛp(ə)rət/
Forms: Middle English–1500s seperat, Middle English–1600s separat, 1500s Scottish syphareit, 1500s–1700s seperate, Middle English– separate.
Etymology: < Latin sēparātus, past participle of sēparāre : see separate v.
A. adj.
I. as past participle.
1. Separated. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [adjective] > separate or separated
sunderedc1230
ysondredc1380
discretea1398
divisec1420
dissevered1471
separate?a1475
separated1535
semoted1542
dissociate1548
dirempt1580
dissundered1580
severed1581
parted1595
dividual1598
twain1600
sejunct1602
disassociated1611
dissociated1611
dividenta1616
entire to itselfa1618
interstinct1623
disjected1647
segregant1647
severized1649
divided1658
separate1667
secrete1678
disaffiliated1839
dirempted1900
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 73 If hit were separate [L. si separaretur] in that maner from this worlde habitable.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 34 Preamble The same..Hereditamentes shuld be..separat severed and disanexed from the Duchie of Cornwall.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. xii. sig. p.iiv Whan all the officers departed were thens Supposynge the soule seperate from the body.
1555 Pendleton in Bonner's Homilies 33 b Those, that haue seperate from the catholyke church.
1568 (a1508) W. Kennedy Flyting (Bannatyne) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 208 Sodomyt syphareit fra sanctis celestiall.
1646 R. Baillie Anabaptism 51 After they have separate from all other Churches.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 31 Why was my breeding order'd and prescrib'd As of a person separate to God. View more context for this quotation
1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 7 The Atoms or Particles which now constitute Heaven and Earth, being once separate and diffused in the Mundane Space,..could never [etc.].
II. as adjective.
2.
a. Parted, divided, or withdrawn from others; disjoined, disconnected, detached, set or kept apart. Const. from.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [adjective] > separate or separated
sunderedc1230
ysondredc1380
discretea1398
divisec1420
dissevered1471
separate?a1475
separated1535
semoted1542
dissociate1548
dirempt1580
dissundered1580
severed1581
parted1595
dividual1598
twain1600
sejunct1602
disassociated1611
dissociated1611
dividenta1616
entire to itselfa1618
interstinct1623
disjected1647
segregant1647
severized1649
divided1658
separate1667
secrete1678
disaffiliated1839
dirempted1900
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 422 He sought them both, but wish'd his hap might find Eve separate . View more context for this quotation
1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. iv. 35 'Twere hard to conceive an eternal Watch, whose pieces were never separate one from another, nor ever in any other form.
1729 G. Adams tr. Sophocles Oedipus Coloneus v. iv, in tr. Sophocles Trag. II. 162 He died without Sepulchre, separate from any Man.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 80 Stamens and Pistils are said to be separate when they are found upon the same plant, but in different flowers.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. x. 237 The moment in which I detect the least sign of treachery, thy head and body are three yards separate.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge ix. 285 The footsteps..appeared to have some object quite separate and disconnected from herself.
1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 29 Phosphorus..is never met with in a separate state, but always in combination with some other element.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxiii. 120 A friendship..Which masters Time indeed, and is Eternal, separate from fears.
1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times ii. 41 Small separate plates of ice are formed.
b. Of persons, a dwelling, etc.: Withdrawn from society or intercourse; shut off from access. separate confinement, the system of confining prisoners in separate cells.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective]
solec1407
separate1600
sequestereda1616
unconjunctive1643
recluse1656
separated1730
removed1766
insulated1781
stray1796
insulate1803
isolated1811
Robinson Crusoe1823
incommunicado1844
shut-out1853
isolate1854
marooned1883
cut-off1894
shut-away1911
shut-off1913
splitsville1964
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > in solitary confinement
reclusion1800
separate confinement1849
cell1861
pindown1985
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 166 This castle..being separate from concourse of people, and a solitarie place fitte for a man to studie in.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 24 The Women..are all lodged in a separate appartment together.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 390 Now in a secret Vale, the Trojan sees A sep'rate Grove.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xix. 358 See, here's the plan of my Bungalow, with all convenience for being separate and sulky when I please.
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci v. ii. 91 Conduct these culprits each to separate cells.
1849 Edinb. Rev. July 11 The tendency of prolonged separate confinement is to affect the mind.
1863 Rep. Sel. Comm. Gaols 13 Prisons..upon the separate system.
c. Of a soul: Not joined to a body, disembodied.
ΚΠ
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheism in Coll. Philos. Writings (1712) iii. xiv. §1 130 Separate Souls being ἰσάγγελοι, in a condition not unlike the Angels themselves.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. i. 41 Whatever Ideas the Mind can receive, and contemplate without the help of the Body, it is reasonable to conclude, it can retain without the help of the Body too, or else the Soul, or any separate Spirit, will have but little advantage by thinking.
d. Parted or withdrawn from the Church.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > [adjective]
sectary1590
separatistical1610
separistical1633
separistic1655
separate1680
separating1734
sectarian1796
sectarial1816
separatist1830
separatistic1830
denominational1838
separatical1846
societyisha1873
confessional1907
society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > schism > [adjective]
schismaticc1440
schismatical1548
schismic1608
schismatizing1657
separate1680
schismaticating1712
separated1869
1680 E. Stillingfleet Mischief of Separation 32 Nothing doth more alienate mens affections, than withdrawing from each other into separate Congregations.
1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 914 A Church that is separate from the Church Catholick.
3.
a. Withdrawn or divided from something else so as to have an independent existence by itself. separate establishment: see establishment n. 10b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or distinct
sunderlyeOE
sundryOE
serec1175
proper1340
serelepesa1400
sundrylepesc1400
sunderlepesa1450
peculiar1509
several1533
unconfounded1577
well-distinguished1594
articulate1603
unconfused1609
inconfused1626
separate1691
demarcated1862
1691 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 62 He..was the sole industrious moover, that it might be made a separate Parish.
1724 D. Waterland Farther Vindic. Christ's Divinity ii. 58 The prevailing Custom of Speech, which never gives the Name of Substances to any thing, but where the Substance is separate, or separable.
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. viii. 194 He proceeded to enroll the troops into separate bodies.
1861 Two Cosmos II. v. iv. 156 He had ready for publication an Essay on the separate existence of Matter.
1887 F. B. Zincke Some Materials Hist. Wherstead 188 If it is regarded disconnectedly and as a separate entity, it teaches little.
b. Belonging or peculiar to one, not common to or shared with the other or the others. In a hotel or boarding-house: separate table. Also spec. of rooms, etc., to which each of a married couple retires separately.separate maintenance: see maintenance n. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > own > own private
privyc1300
private1442
appropriate1628
separate1673
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [adjective] > special or private
sunderlyeOE
sundrilyeOE
singularc1380
private1526
alonely1567
sole1597
separate1673
exclusive1765
secluded1790
undivided1867
1673 W. Temple Let. to Duke Ormond in Wks. (1757) II. 235 This point can only be gained by a separate peace between us and Holland; for if the war should come to end in a general treaty [etc.].
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Separate, distinct, particular, different.
1711 J. Swift Conduct of Allies 86 Have not those two Realms their separate Maxims of Policy, which must operate in Times of Peace?
1756 F. Brooke et al. Old Maid 15, 86 I have proposed separate beds, but that he will never hear of.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lix. 268 That each of them should act his separate part, with honour and integrity to the public.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xxiv. 111 ‘Kind host,’ he said, ‘our needs require A separate board and separate fire.’
1817 J. Austen Let. 20 Feb. (1995) 330 I wd recommend to her & Mr D. the simple regimen of separate rooms.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. xiv. 341 Each pressed forward upon his separate object.
1838 H. Martineau Retrospect of Western Trav. I. 236 We..had..a separate table, at Mrs. Peyton's boarding-house.
1840 T. De Quincey Style: No. III in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 514/2 One poem, which..has a characteristic or separate beauty of its own.
1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xiii. 84 A married woman, although having separate estate, and living apart from her husband.
1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 3 Luther and Calvin in their separate ways brought into splendid prominence their new ideas of moral order.
1910 Bradshaw's Railway Guide 1008 (advt.) White Lion... Coffee Room (separate tables), Billiard Room.
1971 J. Fleming Grim Death xi. 161 A Private Hotel on the sea-front where they had dinner at night and separate tables.
1977 C. Storr Tales from Psychiatrist's Couch iv. 36 She sleeps in a twin bed in London, but in the cottage we have separate rooms.
c. Considered or reckoned by itself (although mentioned as one of several); single, individual.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or single > considered as
separate1840
1840 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Clive in Ess. ⁋19 While the great body [of the empire], as a whole, was torpid and passive, every separate member began..to move with an energy all its own.
1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables xvi. 263 Just as there comes a warm sunbeam into every cottage window, so comes a love-beam of God's care and pity, for every separate need.
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 716 The metamorphoses of material proceed pari passu with the growth of the separate parts.
d. Distinct in occurrence or enumeration; not combined or put together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or single
oneOE
singularc1340
particulara1387
serea1400
serelepya1400
several1448
single?a1475
individual1593
numerical1643
versal1709
varsal1751
separate1907
1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 161 Three separate baths of this strength.
e. separate but equal: asserting the equality of races under racial segregation. U.S.
ΚΠ
1776 T. Jefferson in Dunlop's Pennsylvania Packet 8 July 1/1 When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one People..to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them.
1890 Louisiana Acts CXI. 152 An Act..requiring all railway companies..to provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races.]
1892 F. W. Gage Negro Probl. in U.S. iii. 92 If railroad companies care to furnish separate but equal accommodations on equal terms to each race, no objection need be made.
1915 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 235 160 It was not an infraction of the Fourteenth Amendment for a State to require separate, but equal, accommodations for the two races.
1948 Time 9 Feb. 75/1 In Missouri, where a ‘separate but equal’ law school has had its longest test.
1954 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 347 495 We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place.
f. separate school n. Canadian a school receiving pupils from a racial or religious minority.For detailed evidence and comment see Dict. Canadianisms.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > [noun]
schoolOE
universityc1300
academyc1550
nursery1581
training place1581
seminarya1604
cathedral1644
teaching house1849
separate school1852
nursing home1880
stable1942
1852 Dundas Warden (Canada West) 28 May 2/7 The law makes provision for Separate Schools, to meet an exigency—namely, the anticipated intrusion of the religious dogmas of a majority upon a minority.
1857 H. F. Douglass in Ontario Hist. (1963) June 88 Separate schools and churches are nuisances that should be abated as soon as possible, they are dark and hateful relics of Yankee Negrophobia.
1872 Canadian Monthly July 64/1 The Roman Catholics spoke frankly and sincerely for their separate schools, the New Brunswickers for their local liberties.
1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 14 Apr. 5/2 Steps are being taken by the Roman Catholic authorities towards the establishment of separate schools in and near Vancouver.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 30/2 (advt.) Convenient to public, junior high and separate schools.
1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 16 Jan. 29/8 That meant I was Roman Catholic,..that my oppressed and persecuted parents had to pay for my separate school education as well as the education of all the heathens in the public schools.
g. separate development n. the systematic development or regulation of a group or race by itself independently of other groups or races in a society; originally and chiefly South African, = apartheid n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > segregation or discrimination
discrimination1819
colour discrimination1868
colour bar1869
segregation1903
plural democracy1939
apartheid1947
parallel development1950
separate development1955
petty apartheid1964
1955 Summary Rep. Comm. Socio-Econ. Devel. Bantu Areas S. Afr. iii. xxv. 105/1 (heading) Objections to the policy of separate development.
1962 Listener 5 Apr. 606/2 The success of apartheid or parallelism or separate development—call it what you will—is dependent on educating the Bantu to take over all their responsibilities themselves.
1968 Economist 12 Oct. 17/1 A rigid, and openly acknowledged, form of ‘separate development’ operates there [i.e. in Londonderry]. The most populous ward..is wholly Catholic..but skilful use of the ‘property qualification’ for local government elections [etc.]..ensure that these 12 councillors are Protestant Unionists.
1977 Time 21 Nov. 12/1 What is at stake, ultimately, is whether the government will be able to carry on with the Afrikaners' grand scheme of apartheid—also known as ‘separate development’ and more recently as ‘plural democracy’.
1979 E. Norman Christianity & World Order v. 61 The Dutch Reformed Church does not teach white racial superiority, nor is Separate Development an attempt to institutionalize racial discrimination.
B. n. (absolute or elliptical uses of the adjective.)
1. One who withdraws from the Church; a separatist.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > [noun] > person
sectator?1541
sectary1558
sectare1563
sectuary1592
disjunctive1596
separator1607
swermer1607
swermerian1607
separatist1608
sectist1612
separate1612
opinionist1613
separistc1616
seeker1617
sectarist1618
sectarian1827
come-outer1840
denominationalist1870
disjunctionist1872
1612 W. Sclater Ministers Portion 2 What ods is there betwixt this beggerly conclusion of those old beggers, and that of late separats, that make it Christs ordinance for Ministers to liue of their peoples voluntary contribution.
1648 J. Owen Eschol 52 He that will not separate from world, and false-worship is a Separate from Christ.
1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα i. ii. 41 Chusing rather to be a rank Separate, a meer Quaker, an arrant Seeker.
2. A member of an American Calvinistic Methodist sect of the 18th century, so called because organized into separate societies.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Methodism > Methodist sects and groups > [noun] > separate
separate1884
1884 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 2160.
3. U.S. An article or document issued separately; esp. a copy of an article reprinted from a magazine, volume of ‘transactions’, etc., for separate distribution.
ΚΠ
1886 Rep. of U.S. Sec. of Treasury 405 It will be noticed that to the questions 16, 17, and 18, in the separate of January 18, 1886, no reply is given by the superintendent of the mint.
1892 Athenæum 12 Nov. 666/3 From time to time we receive odd ‘separates’ of papers published in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum.
1894 Harvard Teachers' Assoc. Leaflet No. 11. 4 The geographical report..might be reprinted in the annual report of the superintendent of public instruction, from which ‘separates’ could be struck off.
1897 Nat. Sci. Dec. 432 This 4to tract..cannot be a separate of the Mém. de l'Inst. paper.
4. Mathematics. Any one of a set of partitions into which a partition of a number can be separated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > partition
separate1888
partition1905
1888 MacMahon in Amer. Jrnl. Math. (1889) 11 2 A partition is separated into separates by writing down a set of partitions, each separate partition in its own brackets, from left to right, so that when all the parts of these partitions are assembled in a single bracket, the partition which is separated is reproduced.
5. A period of separate confinement (see A. 2b).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > in solitary confinement > period of
separate1862
1862 Cornhill Mag. Nov. 640 Professional thieves..form a net-work..by..which all criminal knowledge circulates. In prison and out of it, in the lowly village lodging-house and..‘doing their separates’ at Pentonville..they..spread criminal knowledge.
1904 A. Griffiths Fifty Years Public Service xv. 193 There were penal servitude convicts of both sexes doing ‘separates’, the first probationary period of nine months, a modified form of solitary confinement.
6. Geology. Any of the fractions into which constituents of a soil or other material can be separated according to a property such as particle size or mineral composition. Cf. soil separate n. at soil n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > earth sciences > soil science > [noun] > soil extract or separate
separate1909
soil separate1928
soil extract1957
1909 A. G. McCall Physical Properties of Soils 84 The separates to be determined are as follows: Fine gravel 2·0–1·0 mm, Coarse sand 1·0–0·5,..Clay 0·005.
1924 F. E. Bear Soil Managem. vii. 56 In the Illinois soil survey, silt is defined as a separate the particles in which may vary from 0·03 to 0·001 millimeter in diameter.
1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ii. 10 The sand separate which occurs in an amount greater than any other separate is used to indicate the name; for example, fine sandy loam indicates a predominance of fine sand.
1977 New Scientist 21 Apr. 120/1 Isotopic abundance anomalies in mineral separates from meteorites.
7. An offprint of an article from a periodical journal.
ΚΠ
1925 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 63 373 In the case of ‘separates’ reference is given to the original publication.
8. plural. Articles of (esp. women's) dress which may be worn in various combinations and not only as parts of a matching outfit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > other
disguise1340
disguisingc1386
shiftc1570
French cut1606
knaverya1616
small clothes1625
small storesa1643
nugging-dress1699
kilting1721
fancy dress1770
under-habit1772
man-millinery1790
sheen1802
costume1818
ingubu1833
bedizenment1837
tat1839
extravaganza1860
rational dress1873
rubber1876
pearly1890
new look1920
collection1921
Daks1933
smart casual1943
separates1945
trapeze1958
Carnaby Street1965
haute boutique1966
kinderwhore1994
1945 Britannica Bk. of Year 276/2 These ‘separates’ were outfits of which the several parts could be inter~changed to form many combinations.
1948 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Apr. 3/7 (advt.) Tropical separates... Of crisp tropical rayon suiting nicely tailored... You can either ‘mix 'em or match 'em’.
1958 TV Times 20 June 15/2 She finds ‘separates’ ideal for her type of performance.
1964 McCall's Sewing in Colour i. 13/1 Separates are the answer to the schoolgirl's needs. Skirts, sweaters, jackets and blouses that can mix and match are perfect.
1979 Sunday Star (Toronto) 30 Sept. d2/2 She's learned the knack of putting her own looks together with separates. She's off to school one day in gray dress pants, hot pink sweater and pale pink tam.
9. A self-contained, free-standing component of a sound reproduction system. Usually plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > record-playing equipment > free-standing component
separate1974
1974 Times 8 Apr. 12/1 Demand for all kinds of audio systems—‘separates’ and otherwise.
1977 Gramophone Apr. 1625/2 Akai showed, along with five new receivers, that it too was getting into a wide line of separates and speakers.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

separatev.

Brit. /ˈsɛpəreɪt/, U.S. /ˈsɛpəˌreɪt/
Forms: Also 1500s–1700s seperate, 1600s separat; past tense 1500s Scottish seperat, 1700s separate.
Etymology: < Latin sēparāt-, participial stem of sēparāre , < sē- (see se- prefix) + parāre to make ready, prepare.
I. Transitive senses.
1.
a. To put apart, set asunder (two or more persons or things, or one from another); to disunite, disconnect, make a division between. Also with out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)]
to-twemec893
sunderOE
asunderOE
shedOE
dealOE
shill1049
skillc1175
to-twinc1175
twinc1230
disseverc1250
depart1297
slita1300
to-throwc1315
parta1325
drevec1325
devisec1330
dividec1374
sever1382
unknit?a1425
divorce1430
separea1450
separate?a1475
untine1496
to put apart1530
discussa1542
deceper1547
disseparate1550
apart1563
unjoint1565
shoal1571
divisionatea1586
single1587
dispart1590
descide1598
disassociate1598
distract1600
dissolve1605
discriminate1615
dissociate1623
discerpa1628
discind1640
dissunder1642
distinguish1648
severize1649
unstring1674
skaila1833
cleave1873
dirempt1885
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body
skillc1175
to tell outc1325
shillc1440
sequestrate1513
sorta1535
shoal1571
segregate1579
dismember1580
single1582
scatter1588
disgregate1593
recond1608
sepone1619
sequester1625
canton1653
to cantonize outa1670
portion1777
to set off1795
to comb out1854
distinguish1866
split1924
hive off1931
section1960
separate1962
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 249 [They] supposede that God wolde separate theyme that he myȝhte subiecte theym diuidede the rather to hym.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. viii. 35 Who shall seperate vs from goddes love?
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 44 And surelie the distance betwixt London and Lysbon, should not stoppe, any kinde of frendlie dewtie..if the greatest matter of all did not in certeyne pointes, separate our myndes.
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 54 Life and these lips haue long bene separated . View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ix. 18 The dragon wing of night orespreds the earth, And stickler-like the armies separates . View more context for this quotation
1631 Earl of Manchester Contemplatio Mortis 90 Naturall death doth but separate the bodie from the soule: But spirituall death separates the soule from God.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 970 Rather then Death..Shall separate us, linkt in Love so deare. View more context for this quotation
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 279 Separate the wires and the effect ceases.
1839 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 91 Being thus separated from my attendants, I lost my way.
1874 J. Parker Paraclete i. x. 158 What separates nation from nation so completely as ignorance of each other's speech?
1962 H. O. Beecheno Introd. Business Stud. xi. 93 For the mass of smaller businesses these functions must be separated out.
1980 V. Cunningham Spanish Civil War Verse 64 The various elements of his poetry can't be separated out like this.
b. reflexive.
ΚΠ
1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. xlij They..have separated them selves from the laye men, countinge them viler then dogges.
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. M.i He ought to worke the matter wisely in seperating himself from the multitude.
a1600 R. Hooker Two Serm. (1614) 17 Men do separate themselues either by heresie, schisme, or apostasie.
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 9 If one part of the Universall Church do separate it self from another part,..not as it is a part of the Universal Church, but only so far as it is corrupted and degenerated.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 173 To the Anglican Church he had always been strongly attached, and had repeatedly, where her interests were concerned, separated himself with regret from his dearest friends.
c. To put asunder in thought, to distinguish, treat as distinct. Also with off.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern [verb (transitive)] > distinguish, separate
winnowc825
tryc1330
distinguea1340
divide1377
departc1380
devisea1400
sever1426
perceivea1500
deem1530
discern1533
searcec1535
sort1553
to pick outa1555
decern1559
difference1596
distinguisha1616
severalize1645
separate1651
secern1656
run1795
define1807
sequester1841
differentiate1857
divaricate1868
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 182 The good of the Soveraign and People, cannot be separated.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §315 When the elevation of the object becomes too small to be discerned, as separated from the luminous reflection.
1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I II. vi. 143 In modern history it seems to me always impossible to separate religion from politics.
1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iii. 35 Men had not yet learned to satisfy their consciences by separating the person from the office.
1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 12 It is as great a mistake..for the theologian to separate off the ship from the passengers as for the naturalist to separate off the passengers from the ship.
d. To discharge (a person) from the armed forces (U.S. Military); †to remove from employment.
ΚΠ
1859 R. Thornton Jrnl. 25 June in E. C. Tabler Zambezi Papers of Richard Thornton (1963) I. 103 About 3 p.m. Dr. L. gave me an official letter separating me from the Expedition.
1888 Civil Service (U.S.) Comm. 4th Rep. 51 A statement of the number of persons who have been ‘separated’ from the classified service by removal, resignation, and death cannot be made.
1946 Britannica Bk. of Year 833/1 Separate, to discharge or release from active duty in the armed services.
1971 Reader's Digest (U.S. ed.) Oct. 13/1 This year one million veterans will be separated from the service.
2. To remove from conjugal cohabitation, esp. by a judicial decree. (Cf. separation n. 3.)
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > divorce or dissolution > dissolve (a marriage) [verb (transitive)] > separate from (each other) > separate (man and wife)
separatea1540
a1540 R. Barnes Lawfull for Priestes to marry Wiues in W. Tyndale et al. Wks. (1573) ii. 331/2 Commaundyng to forbydde priestes that had not yet maryed, for to marry. And those yt had maried, to bee separated from their wyues.
1764 G. Williams in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1843) I. 325 The Duke and Duchess of Grafton are separated, though the articles are not yet agreed upon between them.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xiii. 291 My Lord Mohun was separated from his wife.
3. To keep apart or divide by an intervening space or barrier. Of the intervening medium: To part by lying between, to occupy the space or interval between.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > keep apart > by something intervening
sever1422
separate1553
sunder?1556
gulf1680
shift1703
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > keep apart > said of that which separates
depart1297
sever1533
separate1553
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Hviijv Whether..nature..had not so deuided and seperated the East from the West.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xii. 47 The goulph of Ponthus..separateth Asia from Europe.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 208 It standeth so neere the mountaine last mentioned, that they are onely separated with the foresaid riuer.
1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. e3 Stables, and even Kitchens ought to be separated from the main body of a Palace.
1727 P. Longueville Hermit 157 Being come to the other side of the Rock, he finds at the Bottom of it a narrow Lake which separated it from the Land.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xii. 290 The younger race..had..broken down many of the barriers which separated for half a century the Norman victors from the vanquished Saxons.
1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 259 This shell has six turns, very projecting, deeply separated.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 276 The ten centuries which separated the reign of Charlemagne from the reign of Napoleon.
1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xiii. 303 The deep gulf which separates the two regions.
4.
a. To set apart or segregate for a special purpose. Const. for, to, unto. (Chiefly in Biblical language.)
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)]
shedOE
depart1297
externec1420
deforce1430
sequesterc1430
enstrange1483
estrange1523
separate1526
alienate1534
segregate1542
foreign1598
excommunicate1602
stranger1608
dissociate1623
discorporate1695
disincorporate1701
atomize1895
twine1895
ghetto1936
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from
to-partc1325
dividec1380
separate1526
decide1570
discoast1583
shut1697
mark1706
to shut off1833
to mark off1848
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > for a purpose
reservec1410
separate1526
to set apart1711
to set aside1720
seclude1771
ring-fence1870
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xiii. 2 Seperat me Barnabas and Saul for the worke where vnto I have called them.
1611 Bible (King James) Rom. i. 1 Paul..separated vnto the Gospel of God. View more context for this quotation
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 9 Who separated the Gentile and rejected the Iew?
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes i. 12 Whoever of the ancient Patriarchs first separated a Tenth.
1785 W. Paley Moral & Polit. Philos. (1818) II. v. vii. 92 Every trespass upon that reserve which public decency has established breaks down the fence by which the day is separated to the service of religion.
1798 M. Cutler in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 11 You are now, Sir, vested with power to ordain and separate others to the work of the ministry.
b. To exclude, prohibit. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > preclude
warnc1000
exclude1382
forshutc1430
before-barc1449
prohibit1516
foreclose1546
seclude1566
preclude1610
prescind1636
separate1644
1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 17 Lastly, who shall forbid and separat all idle resort, all evill company?
5.
a. To remove or part (a substance) from another with which it is combined or mixed; esp. to do this by some technical process. Also with out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > an element from a substance or mixture
extract1594
separate1617
sever1626
segregate1691
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 147 The Tinne and Leade is mingled with Silver, but so, as it doth not largely quit the cost of the labour in seperating or trying it.
1683 W. Soames tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Art of Poetry iv. 67 From the fine Gold I separate th' Allay.
1784 E. Cullen tr. T. Bergman Physical & Chem. Ess. I. 221 The selenite may be still better separated from the iron, by boiling the dried residuum [etc.].
1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (ed. 2) ii. ii. 210 It is in the furnace that the dross is separated.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xix. 163 Plants..are able slowly to separate out and assimilate the potash from these rocks and soils.
b. Of a gland: To secrete. Of a material substance: To give off or emit from itself. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > action or process of secreting > secrete [verb (transitive)]
secern1626
separate1692
secrete1707
resecrete1876
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to miscellaneous other processes
reduce?a1425
weaken1540
projecta1550
brown1570
spiritualize1593
colliquate1603
redisperse1621
imbibe1626
educe1651
to cant off1658
part1663
regalize1664
dint1669
roche1679
subtilizea1722
neutralize1744
develop1756
evolve1772
extricate1790
separate1805
unburn1815
leach1860
methylate1864
nitrate1872
nitre1880
sweeten1885
deflocculate1909
hybridize1959
1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) ii. 33 There being Glandules on purpose to separate a humor for that purpose.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 206 Furnished with glands, which separate a substance that has the smell of musk.
1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 286 Cheltenham water, when fresh drawn, appears tolerably clear... It becomes more turbid by standing, and separates air bubbles in a small quantity.
6. To divide into (two or more) parts. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)]
to-shedc888
to-dealeOE
dealc950
twemea1023
to-doOE
to-shiftc1122
brittenc1175
sunderc1230
depart1297
parta1300
twain15..
dividec1380
minisha1382
dressc1410
dissever1417
sever1435
quarterc1440
distinct1526
videc1540
disperse1548
several1570
separate1581
dirempt1587
distinguish1609
piecemeal1611
discrete1624
dispart1629
slit1645
parcel1652
canton1653
tripartite1653
split1707
carve1711
scind1869
1581 J. Hamilton Catholik Traictise ii. f. 34 Moyses liftit vp his vand, and seperat the see.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 196 As a shepherd separates his flock, These to the upland, to the valley those.
7. absol. To make a division or severance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > make or cause a separation
to make separation1413
departa1425
separate1560
part1611
sever1611
1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. lix. 2 Your iniquities haue separated betwene you and your God.
a1653 H. Binning Common Princ. Christian Relig. in Wks. (1735) 9 The Cloud of our Sins, that separates between God and us.
II. intransitive. (Cf. the reflexive use 1b.)
8.
a. Of a person: To quit the company or society of another or others; to go away, secede or withdraw from (esp. a church).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > [verb (intransitive)]
separate1595
sectarianize1842
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > lack of social communications or relations [verb (intransitive)] > withdraw from association
separate1595
cut1783
dissociate1866
to draw away1892
1684 R. Baxter Short Answer in Whether Parish Congregations be True Christian Churches ii. 19 I must not separate from every Kingdom, Church, or Family that is ill governed.
1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 20 William Whittinghame one of those that Compiled the Francfort Liturgie, and separate with the rest to Geneva upon the Contest about the English Liturgie.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. xv. 240 No, Miss Lucy Bertram, while I live I will not separate from you.
Indirect passive.1595 F. Johnson (title) A Treatise of the Ministry of the Church of England. Wherein is handled this question, Whether it be to be separated from or joyned unto.
b. Of two or more persons: To quit each other's society or company; (of a company) to break up.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate [verb (intransitive)]
dealc1000
to make separationc1450
to break up1535
diverta1575
disjoina1642
unherd1661
separate1690
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
enisle1852
segregate1863
bust1880
isolate1988
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > part or go away in different directions
dealc1000
shedc1000
twin?c1225
departc1290
to-go13..
parta1325
severc1375
disseverc1386
to part companya1400
discontinue1576
to fall apart1599
flya1677
separate1794
dispart1804
split1843
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter or be dispersed [verb (intransitive)] > break up (of an assembly)
sunderc1225
dissolvea1535
to break up1535
disband1598
dissemblea1626
dismiss1809
separate1885
to let out1888
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate [verb (intransitive)] > break up (of a company)
disband1598
separate1885
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. v. §39 When there was not room enough..for their Herds to feed together, they, by consent,..separated, and inlarged their pasture.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. iv. 125 They separated at an early hour.
1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough xix The conversation held between the latter and Mr. Sawyer..before separating for the night.
1885 W. Pater Marius the Epicurean (1910) II. xx. 86 It was time for the company to separate.
c. To withdraw from conjugal cohabitation.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > divorce or dissolution > divorce or separate [verb (intransitive)]
divort1581
dismiss1608
unmarry1635
divorce1643
separate1686
to part beds1710
to break a marriage1844
bust1880
to break up1912
split1942
split1942
uncouple1942
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 332 The differences that happen between man and wife..and the Reasons that move 'em to separate.
1794 Ann. Reg., Chron. *11 The parties had separated the 24th of July, 1793, and no evidence had been produced to affect his client, but cohabitation since the separation.
1819 Ann. Reg., Chron. (1820) 252 Is the prisoner your husband?.. Yes. I believe you separated from him for some time?—Yes.
9.
a. Of a thing: To part (from something else); to be disunited or disjoined, to become detached; to draw apart or asunder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)]
to-dealeOE
shedc1000
asunderOE
to-twemea1225
sunderc1225
twin?c1225
atwin?a1400
to make separationc1450
separe1490
twain15..
sever1545
unsever1609
spread1611
separate1638
disclaim1644
to come apart1764
to go separate ways1774
twine1886
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > become detached [verb (intransitive)]
skilla1200
unjoinc1390
to come away1575
uncleave1578
to come off1580
separate1638
shrink1688
detach1842
unship1867
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 219 The bridge..has a plain and easie passage over 30 long boats, concatenated and made to separate at pleasure.
1739 S. Sharp Treat. Operations Surg. Introd. 43 The Bullet makes an Eschar, which usually separates in a few days.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 390 Swammerdam..was of opinion that the bones themselves separated from each other, and closed again.
1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 222 The gangrene was separating.
1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 549 The mortified parts separated, without assistance, from the sound parts.
1832 John Bull 13 Feb. 56/1 The roof of the nave has separated in one place from the wall.
b. Of a mineral or chemical substance: To be parted or disengaged from a mass or compound; to be drawn out from a solution in the form of crystals or as a precipitate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > separate from main body
single1616
separate1844
disaggregate1852
segregate1863
hive off1937
1844 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. 406 The salt separates in minute needles.
1869 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xix. 198 On cooling, potassium nitrate separates out in crystals.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.?a1475v.?a1475
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