seneschaln.

/ˈsɛnɪʃəl/

Forms: Middle English synechall, syneschall, Middle English, 1600s senescal(l, Middle English–1600s seneschall, Middle English senescha, senesshawle, senceall, sencial, sencyal, Middle English, 1800s seneshall, 1500s–1700s seneshal, 1600s scenechal, Middle English– seneschal.

Etymology: < Old French seneschal (modern French sénéchal) = Provençal senescal-s, Spanish senescal, Portuguese senescal, Italian siniscalco, sescalco; a Common Romanic word < Germanic *seniscalc (latinized seniscalcus, siniscalcus, in the Frankish and Alamannic laws), < Germanic *seni- old (in Gothic sinista superlative of sineigs old) + *skalko-z servant (Gothic skalk-s, Old High German scalc, Old English scealc). The French word was adopted in Middle High German as seneschalt, scheneschlant.

a. An official in the household of a sovereign or great noble, to whom the administration of justice and entire control of domestic arrangements were entrusted. In wider use: a steward, ‘major-domo’.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief

stewardc1000

constablea1240

seneschal1393

major-domo1589

court marshal1693

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 93 Somme aren as seneschals and seruen oþere lordes.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 86 Amon was seneschalle of the king.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xiv. 55 Thenne syr kay cam vnto syr Morganore sencial with the king of the C knyghtes.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. i. sig. Z5^v Which to prouide, she hath this Castle dight, And therein hath a Seneschall assynd.

1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 221 The English of this Realme..managed their estates heere, by their Seneschals and Seruants.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 38 Then marshal'd Feast Serv'd up in Hall with Sewers, and Seneshals .

1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 47 The Seneshal rebuk'd in haste withdrew.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 325 The respectable gentleman who acts as seneschal on the Duke's domains.

1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. v. 139 Whence came this great exaltation of..great Seneschal or Steward.

figurative.1854 R. W. Emerson Lett. & Social Aims in Wks. (1906) III. 176 For example, what a seneschal and detective is laughter!

b. A cathedral official in England.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > council > cathedral dignitaries > [noun] > secondary

secondary1436

seneschal1882

seconder1898

1882 Standard 31 Aug. 3/5 Mr. H. G. Austin, the Cathedral seneschal, said the Chapter [Canterbury] did not press for a heavy penalty.

2. As the title of a governor of a city or province, and of various administrative or judicial officers. Now historical except with reference to the Channel Islands.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun]

grievec950

warden1297

presidenta1382

procuratora1382

governora1393

seneschalc1400

lieutenant1423

promissary?c1500

governator1522

provincial1590

ethnarch1602

state governor1608

proconsul1650

stadholder1704

superintendent1758

meridarch1866

prez.1919

c1400 Brut 232 To bene Senescal and wardein of Gascoigne.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1871 The kynge of Surry..to sir Cador es ȝelden, Þe synechall of Sotere to Segramoure hym selfen.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1910 The syneschall of Sutere vnsaughte wyth þes oþer.

1539 in Hore Hist. Wexford (1900) I. 239 Wm. Seyntlow..beyng chief officer of the said shire by the name of Seneschall.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Seneschaux,..Seneschals, Bailifs, other officers or stewardes of courtes.

1586 Cal. State Papers Ireland 1586–1588, 41 Nicholas Dawtrey, gent., Seneschal of Claneboy.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) 13 The High Seneschal of the Dutchy of Cornwall..in English..is termed Lord Warden.

1675 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 309 All is forfited & taken up by the Shiriffe or Senescall.

1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iv. xxiii. 537 The court at Sark consists of the seneschal, or judge, or his deputy, the prevôt and the greffier.

3. attributive.

ΚΠ

1756 Gentleman's Mag. 26 333 The officers of the seneschal jurisdiction of Auvergne.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	seneschal
释义	seneschaln. /ˈsɛnɪʃəl/ Forms: Middle English synechall, syneschall, Middle English, 1600s senescal(l, Middle English–1600s seneschall, Middle English senescha, senesshawle, senceall, sencial, sencyal, Middle English, 1800s seneshall, 1500s–1700s seneshal, 1600s scenechal, Middle English– seneschal. Etymology: < Old French seneschal (modern French sénéchal) = Provençal senescal-s, Spanish senescal, Portuguese senescal, Italian siniscalco, sescalco; a Common Romanic word < Germanic seniscalc (latinized seniscalcus, siniscalcus, in the Frankish and Alamannic laws), < Germanic seni- old (in Gothic sinista superlative of sineigs old) + skalko-z servant (Gothic skalk-s, Old High German scalc, Old English scealc). The French word was adopted in Middle High German as seneschalt, scheneschlant. 1. a. An official in the household of a sovereign or great noble, to whom the administration of justice and entire control of domestic arrangements were entrusted. In wider use: a steward, ‘major-domo’. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief stewardc1000 constablea1240 seneschal1393 major-domo1589 court marshal1693 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman* C. i. 93 Somme aren as seneschals and seruen oþere lordes. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 86 Amon was seneschalle of the king. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xiv. 55 Thenne syr kay cam vnto syr Morganore sencial with the king of the C knyghtes. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. i. sig. Z5^v Which to prouide, she hath this Castle dight, And therein hath a Seneschall assynd. View more context for this quotation 1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 221 The English of this Realme..managed their estates heere, by their Seneschals and Seruants. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 38 Then marshal'd Feast Serv'd up in Hall with Sewers, and Seneshals . View more context for this quotation 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 47 The Seneshal rebuk'd in haste withdrew. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 325 The respectable gentleman who acts as seneschal on the Duke's domains. 1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. v. 139 Whence came this great exaltation of..great Seneschal or Steward. figurative.1854 R. W. Emerson Lett. & Social Aims in Wks. (1906) III. 176 For example, what a seneschal and detective is laughter! b. A cathedral official in England. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > council > cathedral dignitaries > [noun] > secondary secondary1436 seneschal1882 seconder1898 1882 Standard 31 Aug. 3/5 Mr. H. G. Austin, the Cathedral seneschal, said the Chapter [Canterbury] did not press for a heavy penalty. 2. As the title of a governor of a city or province, and of various administrative or judicial officers. Now historical except with reference to the Channel Islands. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun] grievec950 warden1297 presidenta1382 procuratora1382 governora1393 seneschalc1400 lieutenant1423 promissary?c1500 governator1522 provincial1590 ethnarch1602 state governor1608 proconsul1650 stadholder1704 superintendent1758 meridarch1866 prez.1919 c1400 Brut 232 To bene Senescal and wardein of Gascoigne. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1871 The kynge of Surry..to sir Cador es ȝelden, Þe synechall of Sotere to Segramoure hym selfen. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1910 The syneschall of Sutere vnsaughte wyth þes oþer. 1539 in Hore Hist. Wexford (1900) I. 239 Wm. Seyntlow..beyng chief officer of the said shire by the name of Seneschall. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Seneschaux,..Seneschals, Bailifs, other officers or stewardes of courtes. 1586 Cal. State Papers Ireland 1586–1588, 41 Nicholas Dawtrey, gent., Seneschal of Claneboy. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) 13 The High Seneschal of the Dutchy of Cornwall..in English..is termed Lord Warden. 1675 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 309 All is forfited & taken up by the Shiriffe or Senescall. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iv. xxiii. 537 The court at Sark consists of the seneschal, or judge, or his deputy, the prevôt and the greffier. 3. attributive. ΚΠ 1756 Gentleman's Mag. 26 333 The officers of the seneschal jurisdiction of Auvergne. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1393
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