senatorn.
/ˈsɛnətə/ 1. A member of a senate.
a. A member of the ancient Roman senate.In some of the early examples (c1290, c1386, 1390, and perhaps others) the writers evidently attribute to antiquity the usage of their own time, according to which ‘the senator of Rome’ was the title of a single high official. See sense 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in papal Rome
senatorc1275
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in ancient world > in ancient Rome > member of
senatorc1275
lords1571
senate1581
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12645 Þat was þurh þa senaturs þa þet sinað heolden.
c1290 St. John 81 in S. Eng. Leg. 404 For þe senatour him a-slovȝ: þat was þo of rome, In contek þat heom was bi-twene.
c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 863 For which this Emperour hath sent anon His senatour..And othere lordes..On Surryens to taken heigh vengeance.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 199 This Lord, with whom sche scholde go, Of Rome was the Senatour.
a1400 Seuyn Sag. 1267 Amorewe aros that sinatour.
c1400 St. Alexius 65 Þerfore þe riche Emperoure Of þe Cite made hym Cenatoure.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. xxxi. 178 The Sinatouris of the Cite [of Rome].
1475 Bk. Noblesse 1 The noble cenatoure of Rome Kayus son.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid Comm., in Wks. II. 292 Quhen Cesar was slayn by the Sanatouris.
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxxix. f. 101v For thy pacience, wysedom, and temperance, we deeme the worthy to be admitted into the college of Senatours.
1696 B. Kennett Rom. Antiq. (1717) ii. iii. ii. 101 The right of naming Senators belong'd at first to the Kings; afterwards the Consuls chose, and refer'd them to the People for their Approbation: But at last the Censors engross'd the whole Privilege of conferring this Honour.
1834 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last Days of Pompeii I. i. vii. 126 ‘The Emperor has been giving a splendid supper to the senators,’ answered Sallust.
b. A member of the senate or governing council in other states of antiquity.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in ancient world > member of
senator1586
1586 E. Hoby tr. M. Coignet Polit. Disc. Trueth viii. 23 The Ephores, hauing chosen a Senator that was very true, commanded him [etc.]
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. ii. 21 The Senators of Athens, greet thee Timon. View more context for this quotation
1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 8 That he was a Senator, implies he was full thirty years old at that time, according to Solon's Law.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. viii. 56 He..led the way, whom follow'd all The sceptred senators.
1837 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece IV. xxxv. 379 The senators, ephors, and other magistrates [at Sparta].
c. A member of the senate or governing body in certain medieval and modern cities of Europe. Cf. senate n. 1c.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in medieval and modern city states > member of
senator1560
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxixv The bishop of Strausborough writeth letters to diuers of the senatours.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 214 The Duke and Senators of Venice greete you. View more context for this quotation
1682 London Gaz. No. 1737/2 The Count d'Archinto has received his Patent from Spain, to be first Senator of Milan.
1741 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 25 Aug. (1966) II. 248 The Senators [at Genoa] can converse with no Strangers during the Time of their Magistracy.
1762 New Biogr. Dict. IX. 222 at Peiresc They..were sent to Aix to their uncle Claude Fabri, their father's elder brother, who was senator there.
1782 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 404 [At the Hague] I am going to dine with..a number of Ambassadors and Senators.
1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. i. 12 The Sage-Men chose annually a board of senators.
d. gen. A member of a governing body or parliament. Often applied (unofficially and sometimes rhetorically) to a member of either House of the British Parliament.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > member of
elder1382
elder mana1387
senator1387
parliament mana1744
MHK1780
state senator1800
parliamentarian1889
MLA1897
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 35 Þerfore was i-made a counsaile of þe real strete of Calne..þere seten in an hiȝe hous þe senatoures of Engelond.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxvi. f. cxxxvi A nyce folysshe Couenaunte ought nat to be holden,..without the hole assent of the Senatours of the same lande.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Cvj The Magistrates..are no lesse estemed then amonge vs Senatoures or Lord of the Counsayl.
1628 A. Leighton Appeal to Parl. Ep. Ded. To the right Honourable & High Court of Parliament. Right Honorable and High Senators. Such hath beene the care [etc.].
1660 J. Tatham Royal Oake 8 Holding..in the other [hand] a statute Book as a Senator and maintainer of laws.
1708 J. Swift Predict. for 1708 6 At home, the Death of an old famous Senator will happen on the 15th.
a1763 W. King Polit. & Lit. Anecd. (1819) 35 [The Duke of Wharton's] speech..was indeed not unworthy of the oldest and most accomplished senator..in either House of Parliament.
1776 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 215 I had rather build stones upon Penn's hill, than to be the first Prince in Europe, or the first General or Senator in America.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 171 He had, during the first year of the Long Parliament, been honourably distinguished among the senators who laboured to redress the grievances of the nation.
1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life II. 123 How those forty senators [sc. the Irish M.P.'s] (or their successors) have been going on since, is notorious.
e. In vaguer sense: A counsellor, statesman; †a leader in State or Church. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > adviser or counsellor > official
senatorc1400
consulter1610
consultor1630
mentor1750
adviser1879
society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > leader
lattewc825
lodera1325
chieftainc1386
foreleadera1400
bellwetherc1430
aurigac1460
leader1489
Moses1528
ringleader1548
general1582
foreman1603
coryphaeus1633
foreheada1641
senator1656
father1771
o-muraji1869
simba1964
neta1984
c1400 Rom. Rose 4999 Peyne and Distresse, Syknesse and Ire, And Malencoly, that angry sire, Ben of hir paleys senatours.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms civ. [cv.] 22 That he might enfourme his prynces after his wil, and teach his Senatours wysdome.
?1548 tr. P. Viret Verie Familiare Expos. Art. Christian Faieth sig. Mvjv Euen so hathe the churche hys spirituall policie..and hys pastures, ministers, and senatoures.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvi. 225 That which children might haue seene their grauest Senators could not discerne.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Muncerians A sort of Anabaptists, so called from Tho. Muncer, who was their Prophet, Senator and General, when they rose in Rebellion in Suevia and Franconia, &c.
1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. i, in Lamia & Other Poems 149 Those green-rob'd senators of mighty woods, Tall oaks.
f. The official title of a member of the senate or upper house of the legislature in the United States, in modern France, Italy, etc.In the U.S., Senator prefixed to the surname denotes a member of the federal Senate, not of the Senate of a particular state.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > a chamber or house of > upper > member of
senator1788
1788 J. Stokes Let. 12 Jan. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 275 The Constitution of the United States pleases me much, but you ought to allow the people to have the power of appointing Senators-extraordinary in cases of exigency, as of war, or national distresses.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. viii. 144 The long-gowned Senators of France.
1863 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 171 1831 He was for many years senator for the State of Mississippi.
1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 347/1 He [Dombrowski] was named in 1815 general of cavalry and senator palatine of the new kingdom of Poland.
1905 R. Bagot Passport iii. 17 He was a well-known scientist,..and, in recognition of his work in the domain of physical science, had been created a senator of the Italian kingdom.
2. In Papal Rome: The title given at various periods from the 12th cent. onwards to the civil head of the city government, appointed by the Pope.
ΚΠ
c1290 [see sense 1a]. c1386 [see sense 1a]. 1390 [see sense 1a].
1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. xxvi. 427 In this [Senatorial] palace are held the sittings of Rome's one senator, and of the Judges of the Tribunal.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 153 Anarchy of Rome..induced Innocent in 1354 to send him [Rienzi] back as a governor with the title of Senator.
3. Senator of the College of Justice: in Scotland, the official designation of a Lord of Session.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in Scotland
sheriff principal1446
Justice General1487
Senator of the College of Justice1540
commissary1567
justiciarc1575
Lord Justice General1586
sessioner1597
Justice Clerk1672
Lord Probationer1711
Lord Ordinary1722
sheriff depute1815
sheriff1816
1540 in Sc. Acts Jas. V (1814) II. 371/2 Þe president vice-president and senatores [of the College of Justice].
1562 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1740) I. 51 The Senators, ordinaris of our College of Justice, instituted be our maist nobill fader of gude memorie.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 3 Jan. 8/2 One of the Senators of his Majesty's College of Justice in Scotland.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > convivial
lumber-troop1745
The Senators1762
Pic-Nic Society1802
1762 Ann. Reg. 1761 ii. 51/1 He was a respectable member of The Killers of Care,..The Senators [etc.].
5. The Ivory Whale-gull.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Laridae (gulls and terns) > [noun] > member of genus Larus (gull) > larus eburnea (ivory gull)
whale-bird1771
snow-bird1802
senator1852
whale-gull1852
ivory gull1885
a1705 J. Ray Synopsis Avium & Piscium (1713) i. 126 Raths-herr i.e. Senator Friderici Martens.]
1852 W. Macgillivray Hist. Brit. Birds V. 508 Cetosparactes eburneus. The Ivory Whale-Gull... Senator.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.c1275