self-referencen.

Brit.

/ˌsɛlfˈrɛf(ə)rəns/,

/ˌsɛlfˈrɛf(ə)rn̩s/, U.S.

/ˌsɛlfˈrɛf(ə)rəns/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: self- prefix, reference n.

Etymology: < self- prefix + reference n. Compare slightly later self-referent adj.

1. Direction of one's attention towards oneself; consideration of a matter, situation, etc., (solely) with reference to oneself or one's own interests; self-interest. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > self-interest > [noun]

proper exquisitionc1430

privatenessa1586

interest1622

self-concernment1644

self-interest1649

self-bias1657

self-concern1670

interess1678

self-reference1802

1802 Anti-Jacobin Rev. & Mag. 13 42 The self-reference and importance with which the latter have regarded the attainment of human learning have sunk into a correcting humility of soul.

1829 J. M. Mackenzie Private Life I. v. 37 Sacrifices purely and perfectly disinterested, in which not a shadow of self-reference mingles.

1886 H. James Bostonians II. ii. xx. 26 She was too rancourless,..too free from private self-reference.

1937 G. Harkness Recovery of Ideals iii. 34 Selfishness is not merely self-reference. There is a good deal of popular and academic cynicism which claims that even our noblest acts of service are subtly motivated by a desire to please ourselves.

1943 Mind 52 20 Man is a microcosm of Natura, and his self-reference involves him therefore only in partial impotence.

2013 Internat. Jrnl. Philos. Relig. 73 93 A diminishment of self-reference and self-interest in favour of another's interests.

a. The action or an act of talking or writing about oneself, or alluding to oneself. Now esp.: the fact of a literary or other creative work making reference to itself, its author or creator, etc.; a reference of this kind.

ΚΠ

1818 Caledonian Mercury 25 May In his [sc. Byron's] poetry,..there is felt a continual presence of himself—there is everlasting self-representation, or self-reference.

1856 Dublin Univ. Mag. Oct. 418/2 His voice, look, personal appearance, and manners are minutely told... There is an unsuspicious candor in these self references.

1902 Jrnl. Educ. May 312/3 The after-dinner speeches...were..made up of deprecating self-references, two or three funny stories, [etc.].

1981 Sci. Amer. Apr. 6/2 One has only to watch the Muppets or Monty Python on television to see dense and intricate webs of self-reference.

1991 Greece & Rome 38 86 The play contains the most outrageous self-reference in Roman comedy when Pamphilus tells Bacchis towards the end that ‘I'd rather this weren't like in the comedies where everyone finds out about everything.’

2009 Observer (Nexis) 28 July 23 Books about books and writers are always in danger of spiralling into self-reference.

b. Reference to oneself using a particular pronoun, name, etc. Also: a pronoun, name, etc., applied to oneself.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > other specific names or types of name

the Holy Namec1440

Singh1623

specification1633

indigitamenta1657

explicative1669

ethnic1791

household name1804

class term1811

book name1815

biverb1831

class word1837

family name1840

class name1843

ananym1867

papponymic1875

autonym1879

throne name1880

demonymic1893

ethnonym1894

a name to conjure with1901

praise name1904

self-reference1948

exonym1957

specific1962

endonym1970

demonym1990

1948 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 39 53 Percentage of self-reference words, e.g. I, he, mine, myself.

1966 G. N. Leech Eng. in Advertising viii. 81 Only in a few stereotyped contexts..is third person address and self-reference still used.

1983 Listener 20 Jan. 14/2 The other pilgrims—a jocular self-reference which I heard several times..—were turning up to park their cars.

1994 Nation (N.Y.) 17 Jan. 58/2 Each columnist's use of a singular or plural self reference..was tallied.

2007 A. MacFarlane Japan through Looking Glass (2008) iv. 75 By the age of six, a Japanese boy must have mastered at least six terms of self-reference.

3. Philosophy and Logic. The fact or quality of a proposition, statement, etc., referring to itself or its own referent, esp. in such a way as to be paradoxical. Also in extended use.Examples of paradoxes involving self-reference include the paradox of the liar (see liar n. b), Grelling's paradox (see Grelling n.), and Russell's paradox (see Russell n.³ 1).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > meaning > [noun] > other terms relating to

self-reference1908

token-reflexive1947

homologicality1952

1908 B. Russell in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 30 224 In all the above contradictions..there is a common characteristic, which we may describe as self-reference or reflexiveness.

1946 Mind 55 71 The problem is to find a theory of types which eliminates the ‘vicious’ sorts of self-reference that lead to the mathematical and semantic paradoxes.

1960 E. H. Gombrich Art & Illusion vii. 239 The perplexing effect of this self-reference is very similar to the paradoxes beloved of philosophers.

1982 J. Culler On Deconstruction (1983) ii. 201 In the domain of logic, self-reference has long been recognized as the major source of paradoxes:..the Paradox of the Cretan Liar, the paradox of the barber who shaves all the men in the village who do not shave themselves, Russell's paradox about sets which are not members of themselves, [etc.].

2013 Jrnl. Philos. Logic 42 727 The semantic paradoxes are often associated with self-reference or referential circularity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	self-reference
释义	self-referencen. Brit. /ˌsɛlfˈrɛf(ə)rəns/, /ˌsɛlfˈrɛf(ə)rn̩s/, U.S. /ˌsɛlfˈrɛf(ə)rəns/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: self- prefix, reference n. Etymology: < self- prefix + reference n. Compare slightly later self-referent adj. 1. Direction of one's attention towards oneself; consideration of a matter, situation, etc., (solely) with reference to oneself or one's own interests; self-interest. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > self-interest > [noun] proper exquisitionc1430 privatenessa1586 interest1622 self-concernment1644 self-interest1649 self-bias1657 self-concern1670 interess1678 self-reference1802 1802 Anti-Jacobin Rev. & Mag. 13 42 The self-reference and importance with which the latter have regarded the attainment of human learning have sunk into a correcting humility of soul. 1829 J. M. Mackenzie Private Life I. v. 37 Sacrifices purely and perfectly disinterested, in which not a shadow of self-reference mingles. 1886 H. James Bostonians II. ii. xx. 26 She was too rancourless,..too free from private self-reference. 1937 G. Harkness Recovery of Ideals iii. 34 Selfishness is not merely self-reference. There is a good deal of popular and academic cynicism which claims that even our noblest acts of service are subtly motivated by a desire to please ourselves. 1943 Mind 52 20 Man is a microcosm of Natura, and his self-reference involves him therefore only in partial impotence. 2013 Internat. Jrnl. Philos. Relig. 73 93 A diminishment of self-reference and self-interest in favour of another's interests. 2. a. The action or an act of talking or writing about oneself, or alluding to oneself. Now esp.: the fact of a literary or other creative work making reference to itself, its author or creator, etc.; a reference of this kind. ΚΠ 1818 Caledonian Mercury 25 May In his [sc. Byron's] poetry,..there is felt a continual presence of himself—there is everlasting self-representation, or self-reference. 1856 Dublin Univ. Mag. Oct. 418/2 His voice, look, personal appearance, and manners are minutely told... There is an unsuspicious candor in these self references. 1902 Jrnl. Educ. May 312/3 The after-dinner speeches...were..made up of deprecating self-references, two or three funny stories, [etc.]. 1981 Sci. Amer. Apr. 6/2 One has only to watch the Muppets or Monty Python on television to see dense and intricate webs of self-reference. 1991 Greece & Rome 38 86 The play contains the most outrageous self-reference in Roman comedy when Pamphilus tells Bacchis towards the end that ‘I'd rather this weren't like in the comedies where everyone finds out about everything.’ 2009 Observer (Nexis) 28 July 23 Books about books and writers are always in danger of spiralling into self-reference. b. Reference to oneself using a particular pronoun, name, etc. Also: a pronoun, name, etc., applied to oneself. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > other specific names or types of name the Holy Namec1440 Singh1623 specification1633 indigitamenta1657 explicative1669 ethnic1791 household name1804 class term1811 book name1815 biverb1831 class word1837 family name1840 class name1843 ananym1867 papponymic1875 autonym1879 throne name1880 demonymic1893 ethnonym1894 a name to conjure with1901 praise name1904 self-reference1948 exonym1957 specific1962 endonym1970 demonym1990 1948 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 39 53 Percentage of self-reference words, e.g. I, he, mine, myself. 1966 G. N. Leech Eng. in Advertising viii. 81 Only in a few stereotyped contexts..is third person address and self-reference still used. 1983 Listener 20 Jan. 14/2 The other pilgrims—a jocular self-reference which I heard several times..—were turning up to park their cars. 1994 Nation (N.Y.) 17 Jan. 58/2 Each columnist's use of a singular or plural self reference..was tallied. 2007 A. MacFarlane Japan through Looking Glass (2008) iv. 75 By the age of six, a Japanese boy must have mastered at least six terms of self-reference. 3. Philosophy and Logic. The fact or quality of a proposition, statement, etc., referring to itself or its own referent, esp. in such a way as to be paradoxical. Also in extended use.Examples of paradoxes involving self-reference include the paradox of the liar (see liar n. b), Grelling's paradox (see Grelling n.), and Russell's paradox (see Russell n.³ 1). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > meaning > [noun] > other terms relating to self-reference1908 token-reflexive1947 homologicality1952 1908 B. Russell in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 30 224 In all the above contradictions..there is a common characteristic, which we may describe as self-reference or reflexiveness. 1946 Mind 55 71 The problem is to find a theory of types which eliminates the ‘vicious’ sorts of self-reference that lead to the mathematical and semantic paradoxes. 1960 E. H. Gombrich Art & Illusion vii. 239 The perplexing effect of this self-reference is very similar to the paradoxes beloved of philosophers. 1982 J. Culler On Deconstruction (1983) ii. 201 In the domain of logic, self-reference has long been recognized as the major source of paradoxes:..the Paradox of the Cretan Liar, the paradox of the barber who shaves all the men in the village who do not shave themselves, Russell's paradox about sets which are not members of themselves, [etc.]. 2013 Jrnl. Philos. Logic 42 727 The semantic paradoxes are often associated with self-reference or referential circularity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1802
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