Seminolen.adj.
/ˈsɛmɪnəʊl/ A. n.
1. A member of any of several groupings of North American Indians that comprise or comprised Creek Confederacy emigrants in Florida, or their descendants now resident in Florida and Oklahoma, esp. the present-day Florida Indians, who speak the Muskogee and Mikasuki languages of the Muskogean family. Also as collective singular.
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the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of South-Eastern America > [noun] > Creek confederacy
Mobilec1723
Mobilian1748
Seminole1763
Creek1789
1763 J. G. W. De Brahm in Amer. Indian Ethnohist.: S. & S.E. Indians: Florida Indians (1974) I. 244 The Surveyor General..must have fallen in with many Hunting Ganges of Semiolilies.
1771 in Amer. Indian Ethnohist.: S. & S.E. Indians: Florida Indians (1974) III. 17 The Seminolies or East Florida Creeks had frequent inter~course with Spaniards..by means of Fishing vessels.
1789 Amer. State Papers: Indian Affairs (1832) I. 15 Some of the most southern towns of the Lower Creeks, or Seminoles, are within the territory of Spain.
1789 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 453 The Seminolas, a division of the creek nation, inhabit a level, flat country on the Appalachicola and Flint rivers.
1838 Penny Cycl. X. 325/1 It is probable that the Seminoles will keep possession of their territory.
1866 ‘F. Kirkland’ Pictorial Bk. Anecd. 318/2 He fainted at the spectacle, and was soon after butchered by a Seminole.
1910 F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians II. 500/2 While still under Spanish rule the Seminole became involved in hostility with the United States.
1918 W. P. Trent et al. Hist. Amer. Lit. I. 195 His son William, called by the Seminoles ‘Puc-Puggy’ (Flower-Hunter).
1946 National Geographic Mag. Jan. 53/2 The later Seminole, who were primarily an offshoot of the Creeks and Hitchiti, were also a Muskhogean people.
1972 Listener 28 Dec. 904/3 Hidden here in the Everglades..a race of forgotten, proud but degenerate Seminoles.
2. An Eastern Muskogean language of the Seminoles.
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1848 Southern Literary Messenger 14 482/2 I concluded at the time [that the opera] was written in Seminole, as the only word which I distinctly heard was en ca.
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The Muskogean family includes, among other languages, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole.
1972 J. L. Dillard Black Eng. iv. 153 The sentence is in fact Pidgin English with some relexification by Seminole.
B. adj.
Of, pertaining to, or designating any of the Seminole groupings, or these peoples collectively.
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the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of South-Eastern America > [adjective] > Creek confederacy
Seminole?a1775
Mikasuki1799
Creek1946
?a1775 W. Bartram Trav. Georgia & Florida in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1943) 33 160 These were Seven likely Young Siminole Fellows all elligantly dresst & painted after the Indian fashions.
?a1775 [see ]. 1797 J. Morse Amer. Gazetteer at Calos Not far from this is a considerable town of Seminole Indians.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 71 The Seminole fathers would not deliver them up.
1881 Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) p. lv [They] were willing to incorporate the whole Seminole tribe into their nation.
1945 L. R. Tryon Poor Man's Doctor 3 The belt-like stone-crop, symbol of fertility to the original Seminole inhabitants of this paradise.
1973 A. H. Whiteford N. Amer. Indian Arts 96 Seminole patchwork is unique among Indians of North America.
Compounds
Special collocations.
Seminole horse n. a small horse belonging to a feral stock once found in south-eastern North America and locally domesticated by Indians and others.
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?a1775 W. Bartram Trav. Georgia & Florida in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1943) 33 148 Here we saw herds of deer bounding before the chace of the naked active Floridian mounted on his fleet Siminole horse.
1806 P. Wakefield Excurs. N. Amer. xvi. 107 Extensive savannahs..maintain innumerable herds of deer, cattle, and Siminole horses, which are of a small breed.
1931 F. Harrison John's Island Stud (South Carolina) 1750–1788 170 The Seminole (or Creek) horse, small in size and capricious in nature, having its origin in Florida.
Seminole war n. any of three wars waged by the U.S. against the Seminole Indians in 1817–18, 1835–42, and 1855–8.
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1818 Republican Constellation (Winchester, Va.) 11 July 2/1 Gen. Jackson..obtained full proof that the Spanish authorities at Pensacola had been active in fomenting the Seminole war.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. ii. i. 71 Probably few of the United States troops who fell in the late Seminole war knew how the strife arose.
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 768/2 The Seminole war in Florida (1835–37).
1948 Florida Hist. Q. July 35 Had not the Seminole war intervened, there is little question that the settlement of the present Taylor county would have begun ten years earlier than it did.
1973 D. Aaron Unwritten War iv. xi. 171 Sergeant Weber..veteran of the Seminole War.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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