bisquen.¹

Brit.

/bɪsk/,

/biːsk/, U.S.

/bɪsk/

Forms: 1600s biske, 1600s (1900s– historical, in sense 1a) bisk, 1600s– bisque.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bisque.

Etymology: < French bisque (1628 or earlier denoting an expensive dish of unknown identity, 1651 or earlier denoting an elaborate soup containing young pigeons, bread, mutton, and mushrooms, garnished with sweetbreads and pistachios (also more fully as bisque de pigeonneaux in the same source), end of the 17th cent. denoting a garnished soup made from various kinds of fish and shellfish, beginning of the 18th cent. denoting a type of crayfish soup and as bisque d'écrevisses in the same sense), of uncertain origin. N.E.D. (1887) enters this under bisk and gives only the pronunciation (bisk) /bɪsk/.

a. A rich soup typically made from several different kinds of stewed meat, game bird, or fish and a large number of other ingredients in a spiced broth or gravy. Frequently with of. Cf. olio n. 1, olla podrida n. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] > other soups

breec1000

mortressc1387

cretone?a1400

mortrelc1400

primrosea1450

water-kale?a1500

white broth?1537

plum broth1614

mutton broth1615

veal brotha1625

nettle-kale?c1625

China-broth1628

bisque1647

beer-broth1648

dilligrout1662

nativity broth1674

sowdyc1700

mandarin broth1701

white soup1708

soup-vermicell1724

soup-meagre1733

burgoo1743

sago-gruel1743

soup maigre1754

vermicelli soup1769

vermicelli1771

noodle soup1779

mock turtle soup1783

pepper-water1783

mulligatawny1784

powsowdie1787

macaroni soup1789

bird's nest soup1806

smiggins1825

garbure1829

pish-pash1834

laksa1846

sancocho1851

ajiaco1856

pepper soup1860

liquorice-soup1864

mock turtle1876

borsch1884

petite marmite1890

whey-brose1894

rassolnik1899

lokshen soup1900

menudo1904

hoosh1905

sinigang1912

waterzooi1915

Cullen Skink1916

swallow's nest soup1920

mizutaki1933

rasam1933

pasta fazool1935

pho1935

pasta fagioli1951

stracciatella1954

solyanka1958

tom yam1960

mannish water1968

pasta e fagioli1968

ribollita1968

tom yam kung1969

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] > fish-soup

coulis1603

fish-broth1660

bisque1715

fish-soup1723

anchovy-cullis1725

shrimp gumbo1805

fish-chowder1838

lobster bisque1895

ukha1911

shark's fin soup1933

zuppa di pesce1961

fish-broo-

1647 R. Stapleton in tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 267 Beccafico,..one of the greatest rarities they [sc. the Italians] can put into a bisk or ollio.

1670 J. Ogilby tr. A. Montanus Atlas Japannensis 64 Their prepar'd Dishes are heap'd up with variety of Meat, like our Bisks or Olapotreeds.

1685 G. Meriton Nomenclatura Clericalis 398 A Bisk, Scotch-Collops, or Hotch-potch of divers Meats together.

1715 tr. G. Panciroli Hist. Memorable Things Lost I. iv. x. 181 A Bisk of all sorts of Fish [L. patinam piscis].

1736 Compl. Family-piece i. ii. 113 To make a Bisque of Pidgeons.

1846 C. E. Francatelli Mod. Cook 77 Bisque of quails, à la Prince Albert.

1889 Table Talk May 202/1 A mutton bisque, for instance, should be made from mutton and veal, or chicken.

1949 T. B. Costain High Towers ii. 32 Tonight for the supper en famille..there will be a bisque of pigeons and cockscombs.

1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. (1991) ii. 53 During the seventeenth century more solid stews in the form of hashes, bisks and fricassees began to replace the earlier pottages.

†b. figurative. Any mixture of many heterogeneous elements; a hotchpotch, a medley. Cf. olio n. 2. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1653 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Fancies 129 A Bisk for Nature's Table.

1665 E. Waterhouse Gentlemans Monitor xliii. 450 God has made this Bisk of varieties, in which are hotchpotch'd high and low, sad and cheery, rich and poor conditions.

2. A rich, smooth seafood soup typically based on a strained broth of crayfish, lobster, or other shellfish and finished with cream. In later use also: a cream-based soup of a similar consistency made from puréed vegetables.In early use chiefly denoting a soup made with crayfish.

Frequently with modifying word specifying the main ingredient, as lobster bisque, crab bisque, etc.

ΚΠ

1813 L. E. Ude French Cook 315 Pour your bisque into the tureen, over the bread, place the above-mentioned tails that you have laid aside for a while, all round the tureen over the soup.

1879 ‘Wyvern’ Culinary Jottings for Madras (ed. 2) 25 The bisque again is a purée strictly speaking of crayfish (aux écrevisses) or of lobster (de homard) but it can be made successfully with crab, prawns, and shrimps.

1913 Smart Set May 110/2 Not the vulgar crab soup of the bar-rooms..but crab bisque, of white meat, country butter and rich cream all compact.

1993 M. R. Harris Tropical Fruit Cookbk. 4 Clam chowder, cream of mushroom or cream of chicken, potato, and tomato bisque are good combinations with avocado.

2003 Chile Pepper Feb. 17/1 The outgoing, self-taught chef who whipped up her gumbos, greens, bisques and orielles de cochon at the Avery Island Commissary for decades.

2021 Daily Mirror 5 July 25/1 Menus printed on parchment detailed the options for parents: Lobster bisque, Beef Wellington, and expensive French champagne.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

bisquen.²

Brit.

/bɪsk/, U.S.

/bɪsk/

Forms: 1600s biscaye, 1600s–1700s bisk, 1600s– bisque.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bisque.

Etymology: < French bisque a handicap point in real tennis (c1576 in Middle French; 1564 or earlier as biscaye in this sense; perhaps compare also donner la biscaye to cheat in weighing something: 1547 or earlier); further etymology uncertain and disputed.Several suggestions have been made as to the origin of French bisque in this sense. Early forms of the word correspond with those of Biscaye, former name in French for Biscay, a province in Spain and historical territory of the Basque country, and it has been suggested that it may ultimately reflect negative stereotypes about people from this area as dishonest traders among the French in the 16th cent.; however, evidence to confirm this is lacking. The French word has alternatively been derived from Italian bisca gaming room, gambling den (mid 16th cent.), although this does not appear to be consistent either with early spellings of the term in real tennis or with accounts of the history of the game.

a. Real Tennis and (formerly) Tennis. A handicap of one stroke or point per set, which may be claimed by the player who receives it at any time, subject to certain conditions. Cf. half-fifteen n.A bisque may not be taken during a rally or rest (rest n.³ 6) or by a server after serving one fault, and may only be used to win or defend a chase (chase n.¹ 7) after the players have changed sides.

The bisque was the basic unit of handicapping or odds in both real tennis and lawn tennis until the 1890s, when the official regulatory bodies of lawn tennis in both Britain and the United States adopted a different handicap system.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun] > odds

bisque1656

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Bisque (Fr.), a fault at Tennis.

1679 T. Shadwell True Widow i. 8 We'll play with you at a Bisk, and a fault, for twenty pound.

1763 T. Nugent tr. J.-J. Rousseau Emilius I. 114 It will be in his power to break it [sc. a promise], as players at tennis defer making use of the bisque, till they find an opportunity of using it to advantage.

1792 T. Holcroft Road to Ruin ii. 32 The Frenchman gives fifteen and a bisque.

1877 Field 12 May 571/3 At lawn tennis I would rather give half thirty and a bisque than half the court, because there are no walls, and consequently every ball..has to be returned directly into the half-court.

1884 J. Marshall Tennis Cuts 183 I took each of the teams apart, and explained to them that a bisque was not only a stroke, but a stroke taken just at the crisis when it was wanted.

1973 Daily Tel. 24 May 34/4 Ennis is handicapped at owe 15, but the back marker is a former holder, Frank Willis,..who will owe 30 and give a bisque.

2019 Royal Tennis Court Newsletter Autumn 7/3 The player receiving the Bisque may take it to win one point in each set at any time subject to the following.

b. Croquet. An extra turn given to a weaker player or side in handicap play.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > [noun] > extra turn allowed

bisque1868

1868 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 512 A very strong player may give two bisques or more, the object being to make the game equal.

1900 H. C. Needham Croquet 50 When thinking of taking a bisque, instead of shooting hard, shoot so as to hit, if possible,..but to lie quite handy if you miss.

1990 Country Life 24 May 142/2 Bower, having tossed aside his 3½ bisque handicap, began to play much more smoothly.

2018 Croquet Gaz. Dec. 22/1 The player with the innings was one hoop behind, had one bisque remaining and knew that time was very very close to being called.

c. Golf. A handicap stroke that can be taken on a hole of the player’s choice. Also as a modifier, designating a competition format allowing players to decide the holes at which their handicap strokes are taken, as in bisque bogey, bisque match, bisque par, etc.

ΚΠ

1890 H. G. Hutchinson in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xi. 281 The bisque is a point which may be claimed at any moment.

1924 Timaru (N.Z.) Herald 9 June 11/3 A bisque match was played on Friday for a trophy presented by Mrs W. Burns.

1971 Beverley (W. Austral.) Times 17 Sept. 3/2 The 9 holes competition on the same day was also a bisque bogey.

1998 Today's Golfer May 198/3 Halving a hole can become a win by using a bisque, or where she has lost the hole by one stroke using the bisque to halve the hole, and so on.

2. Originally and chiefly British.

a. An exemption from a regular duty or obligation granted or claimed on a particular occasion.

ΚΠ

1933 P. H. Joyce Transatlantic Wife xiv. 306 I've given up drinking but this is an exceptional occasion. I'm going to take a bisque to-night.

1950 A. Head in Hansard Commons 27 Mar. 99 The War Office have had a ‘bisque’—to use a golfing term.

1985 Times 3 May 1/5 Heads of colleges might occasionally take a bisque, and elect the son of an old friend or indulge his partiality for games players, but it seldom happens.

b. Formerly, at the BBC: a day's leave granted to a member of staff without prior notice. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1938 Ariel (BBC) Mar. 17/2 Why did Priscilla get the push? She grew too good to take a bisque For fear her boss should miss Miss Fisk.

1951 Rep. Broadcasting Comm. 1949 129 in Parl. Papers 1950–1 (Cmnd. 8117) IX. 475 Casual absence (bisque leave) of two full days or four half days in each calendar year may be granted, work permitting. Reasons for requesting bisques need not be stated.

1997 Independent (Nexis) 10 Nov. 15 In the pre-Birt days the BBC used to give its employees two bisques a year... A bisque was a day off that could be taken without warning and without explanation—however disruptive it might be.

c. A postponement of a loan repayment under certain conditions without penalty.

ΚΠ

1957 N. Birch in Hansard Commons (Electronic ed.) 19 Dec. 594 Under the loan agreements, as re-negotiated, we have the right to have seven bisques, as they are called, when we can postpone the repayment of the loan and pay the amounts at the end of the period.

1966 Times 16 Dec. 18/6 It would be permissible to postpone the payment—‘take a bisque’ is the phrase used—but only four more bisques remain from now to the year 2000.

2016 G. Adaba Financing Social Protection Floors (United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on Financing for Developm. Working Paper) in un.org (accessed 16 July 2021) 16 Following the overthrow of President Sukarno, a bisque clause was included in Indonesia's debt restructuring.

d. In the British House of Commons: an evening's leave as granted to an MP by a government with a large enough majority large enough to carry any votes despite his or her absence. Also (usually more fully bisque system): the system whereby such leave is granted.Chiefly with reference to the Conservative government of the 1980s.

ΚΠ

1983 Daily Tel. 30 June 5/1 The whips have proposed what they call a ‘bisque’ system under which batches of unpaired MPs would be allowed a free evening when it was clear the Government had enough votes to get the night's business through.

1985 Economist 2 Mar. 40 Mr Biffen probably cannot do more at present than try to revitalise the ‘bisque’, the arrangement which, in today's unbalanced commons, enables Tory MPs effectively to work a shift system without endangering the government's majority.

1989 D. Skinner in Hansard Commons (Electronic ed.) 6 Apr. 416 They hustle the Government Back Benchers in. Every so often they say, ‘If you behave yourself, we will give you a bisque.’

1992 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 16 May 15 Senior Tories are looking back nostalgically to recent parliaments, when the Government's majorities permitted whips to organize a ‘bisque’ system of nights off for the troops.

Phrases

†P1. to have a bisque in one's (also the) sleeve and variants: to have another plan, idea, or resource held in reserve, to be used when required. Cf. to have in one's sleeve. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1713 Flying-Post 24–26 Nov. He (like a compleat Politician) reserves always a Bisk in his sleeve (a Phrase we Tennis-players use).

1717 C. Bullock Woman is Riddle ii. 18 Before the game's up, I have a Bisk in my sleeve, an appeal to the House of Peers.

1801 C. Dibdin Observ. Tour Eng. I. vi. 40 Stephen made its possessors the condition with Maud the empress, during their dispute for sovereignty, which a tennis player would have called having a bisque in the sleeve.

†P2. to give (one) fifteen, etc., and a bisque: to outclass (a person) in a contest or comparison, to be superior to (a person) in a particular respect. Obsolete. [After French donner quinze et bisque (1635 or earlier in this sense).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > surpass or beat

whip1571

overmaster1627

to give (one) fifteen and a bisque1664

to beat (all) to nothing1768

beatc1800

bang1808

to beat (also knock) all to sticks1820

floga1841

to beat (a person, a thing) into fits1841

to beat a person at his (also her, etc.) own game1849

to knock (the) spots off1850

lick1890

biff1895

to give a stone and a beating to1906

to knock into a cocked hat1965

1664 tr. L. Dumay Estate of Empire viii. 264 As for the beauty and number of Cities,..John Botero confesses, that for that matter we may give them fifteen and a bisque [Fr. nous leur pouvons donner quinze & bisque].

1881 Sat. Rev. 30 July 136/2 If alliteration be a mark of study and finish, the latest school of English poetry can give Byron thirty and a bisque.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

bisquen.³adj.

Brit.

/bɪsk/,

/biːsk/, U.S.

/bɪsk/

Forms: 1700s–1800s bisqué, 1700s– bisque.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: biscuit n.

Etymology: Shortened < biscuit n.The spellings bisque and especially bisqué (which is apparently confined to sense A. 2 and related uses) suggest that the word may have been perceived to be of French origin, but no French etymon has been identified.

A. n.³

†1. Perhaps: a receptacle for biscuits. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1706 J. Evelyn tr. Pliny the Younger in Sylva (ed. 4) iv. 337 Be sure never to carry your Bottle and Bisque [L. panarium et lagunculam] into the Field, without your Pugillares and Tablet.

2. Ceramics. Pottery that has undergone a single firing to harden the clay permanently, esp. before it is glazed and fired for a second time; a piece of such pottery. Also spec.: a type of unglazed, matt, typically white porcelain used for statuettes, vases, etc. (more fully bisque porcelain). Cf. sense B. 1.Cf. earlier biscuit n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > unglazed

terra-cotta1722

biscuit1768

biscuitware1773

bisque1782

redware1832

terre cuite1869

1782 J. Flaxman Let. 8 July in S. Smiles J. Wedgwood (1894) xvii. 209 I must beg, as soon as you have set a price on the ostrich's egg teapot in the fine white bisqué, that you will let me have one.

1787 J. Wedgwood Catal. (ed. 6) 2 Basaltes: a fine black porcelain bisqué, of nearly the same properties with the natural stone... Jasper: a white porcelain bisqué, of exquisite beauty and delicacy... Bamboo, or cane-coloured bisqué porcelain... A porcelain bisqué of extreme hardness, little inferior to that of agate.

1840 Repertory Patent Inventions 13 318 The first fire to which the green ware is exposed, should not be so strong as to cause any sensible contraction of the green ware, but be merely sufficient to harden it into a kind of bisque.

1864 Daily Tel. 28 Sept. He had..seen vast numbers of statuettes in plaster of Paris and in bisque.

1969 Canad. Antiques Collector Jan. 28/2 To glaze porcelain, the clay is fired at a low temperature to produce a bisque.

2003 Pop. Ceramics May 21/1 Allow some areas of the bisque to show through. Clean the tile and the sponge between colors.

3. A warm light brown colour resembling that of a biscuit; = biscuit n. 6. Cf. earlier sense B. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > light brown

dust-colour1607

milk chocolate1723

café au lait1763

whitey-brown1858

biscuit1879

rachel1880

bisque1891

lobster bisque1895

toast-colour1898

parchment1904

toast1922

suntan1923

milk coffee1972

1891 Illustr. Amer. 26 Dec. 281/1 Dress your little girl in all white, pale tan, or bisque.

1922 Glasgow Herald 17 Aug. 6/5 The bride, who was looking extremely happy, was attired in a dress of pale bisque and a black hat.

1996 Interior Design Aug. 104/1 The potent palette and strong geometry of the patriotically hued carpet gave way to embossed-diamond floor coverings in a shade of bisque.

B. adj.

1. Ceramics. Made of bisque (in sense A. 2); = biscuit adj. 1.See also bisque doll n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1807 Lincoln, Rutland, & Stamford Mercury 6 Nov. White bisque ornaments for painting upon.

1906 Trans. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 9 58 About two teaspoonfuls of feldspar is put into a small bisque cup.

1945 Wisconsin Mag. Hist. 29 247 Mrs. Gabriel Roisland's bisque figurines were much admired.

2004 A. Rivers Islands iii. 59 Beach roses wilted in a little bisque vase.

2. Designating a warm light brown colour resembling that of a biscuit; having such a colour; = biscuit adj. 2. Cf. sense A. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > light brown

parchment1597

whited brown1650

whitey-brown1658

coffee-coloured1695

dust-coloured1800

ochre-brown1853

blonde1866

biscuit1875

weedy-brown1886

mousy1888

bisque1890

toast-coloured1898

suntan1923

sunblush1930

rachel1951

1890 Washington Post 5 June 5/3 The bride, attired in a traveling costume of bisque silk trimmed with velvet.

1931 Daily Messenger (Canandaigua, N.Y.) 21 Sept. 4/7 For bright pleasant kitchens there are bisque curtains with red, yellow or green trimming.

1963 Steubenville (Ohio) Herald-Star 28 Dec. (Home ed.) 4/2 The floor of the entire area was carpeted with pale bisque broadloom to balance the light and dark areas.

2000 M. Attwood Blind Assassin 127 The youthful bride-to-be..was fetching in a demure Schiaparelli creation of blistered bisque crêpe.

Compounds

C1. Ceramics. As a modifier, with the sense ‘used to fire clay into bisque’, as in bisque oven (now rare), bisque kiln.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > pottery kilns

pot-oven1702

biscuit oven1768

gloss-oven1825

glaze-kiln1839

porcelain kiln1848

grand feu1850

smother-kiln1851

bisque1853

muffle kiln1853

muffle1875

1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 454 The quantity of coals necessary for a ‘bisque’ oven is from 16 to 20 tons.

1923 Jrnl. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 6 350 The plates..were divided into three sets which were fired in the first, second and third rings in the bisque kiln.

2018 oberlin-pottery-coop 30 Nov. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 31 Jan. 2019) We've just unloaded the bisque kiln which means that there are tons of new pieces that are ready to be glazed for the firing this weekend.

C2.

bisque doll n. a doll wholly or partly made of bisque porcelain; esp. one with a bisque head and a cloth body.Bisque dolls were popular children's toys in the late 19th cent., but are now typically collectors' items.

ΚΠ

1863 Erie (Pa.) Observer 14 Nov. (advt.) Dressed dolls, china dolls, bisque dolls, wax dolls.

1889 Babyhood Oct. 347/2 Aunt Sophia's first gift was a charming bisque doll, with golden hair, and eyes of ‘heavenly blue’.

2005 Sewanee Rev. 113 576 Standing in the case, row above row, were bisque dolls, their glass eyes staring.

bisque firing n. Ceramics the action of firing pottery so as to harden the clay permanently, esp. before it is glazed and fired for a second time; the state produced by this process; = biscuit firing n. at biscuit n. and adj. Compounds 2b.

ΚΠ

1847 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Feb. 120 The glost ovens and process of firing are so similar to the descriptions given of the bisque firing that there is nothing worthy of remark.

1959 V. A. Roy Ceramics xxxvii. 173 Clay in the bisque firing has become somewhat vitrified.

1997 Star-Tribune (Minneapolis) (Electronic ed.) 23 Oct. After the bisque firing, I hand-painted cobalt glaze in the impressions before adding an overall clear, glossy glaze for the second firing.

2003 Pop. Ceramics May 12/1 The most prominent gas emission from firing ceramic ware is carbon monoxide (CO) produced during bisque-firing.

bisque-headed adj. (of a doll) having a head made of bisque porcelain; cf. bisque doll n.

ΚΠ

1885 Xenia (Ohio) Daily Gaz. 1 Dec. (advt.) We have a fine line of Bisque-Headed Dolls.

1951 E. St. George Dolls Three Cent. iii. 27 A beautiful bisque-headed doll with a kid body.

2009 Financial Times 3 Jan. (Life & Arts section) 12/4 Sotheby's sold a 1909 Kammer and Reinhardt bisque-headed doll that really had been found in an attic for £170,000.

bisqueware n. Ceramics pottery that has undergone a single firing, esp. that intended to be glazed and fired a second time; pots, ornaments, etc., made from this; biscuitware.

ΚΠ

1821 P. A. Nemnich Neues Waaren-Lexikon at Biskuitporzellan Biscuit or bisque ware.

1882 Art Amateur June 15/1 It is often useful to draw the design on bisque ware with a black lead pencil.

2008 M. Glazer Cracked Pot x. 166 I had my shelves of bisqueware organized, from the least expensive saucers to the fanciest jugs and teakettles.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.¹1647

n.²1656

n.³adj.1706

单词	bisque
释义	bisquen.¹ Brit. /bɪsk/, /biːsk/, U.S. /bɪsk/ Forms: 1600s biske, 1600s (1900s– historical, in sense 1a) bisk, 1600s– bisque. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bisque. Etymology: < French bisque (1628 or earlier denoting an expensive dish of unknown identity, 1651 or earlier denoting an elaborate soup containing young pigeons, bread, mutton, and mushrooms, garnished with sweetbreads and pistachios (also more fully as bisque de pigeonneaux in the same source), end of the 17th cent. denoting a garnished soup made from various kinds of fish and shellfish, beginning of the 18th cent. denoting a type of crayfish soup and as bisque d'écrevisses in the same sense), of uncertain origin. N.E.D. (1887) enters this under bisk and gives only the pronunciation (bisk) /bɪsk/. 1. a. A rich soup typically made from several different kinds of stewed meat, game bird, or fish and a large number of other ingredients in a spiced broth or gravy. Frequently with of. Cf. olio n. 1, olla podrida n. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] > other soups breec1000 mortressc1387 cretone?a1400 mortrelc1400 primrosea1450 water-kale?a1500 white broth?1537 plum broth1614 mutton broth1615 veal brotha1625 nettle-kale?c1625 China-broth1628 bisque1647 beer-broth1648 dilligrout1662 nativity broth1674 sowdyc1700 mandarin broth1701 white soup1708 soup-vermicell1724 soup-meagre1733 burgoo1743 sago-gruel1743 soup maigre1754 vermicelli soup1769 vermicelli1771 noodle soup1779 mock turtle soup1783 pepper-water1783 mulligatawny1784 powsowdie1787 macaroni soup1789 bird's nest soup1806 smiggins1825 garbure1829 pish-pash1834 laksa1846 sancocho1851 ajiaco1856 pepper soup1860 liquorice-soup1864 mock turtle1876 borsch1884 petite marmite1890 whey-brose1894 rassolnik1899 lokshen soup1900 menudo1904 hoosh1905 sinigang1912 waterzooi1915 Cullen Skink1916 swallow's nest soup1920 mizutaki1933 rasam1933 pasta fazool1935 pho1935 pasta fagioli1951 stracciatella1954 solyanka1958 tom yam1960 mannish water1968 pasta e fagioli1968 ribollita1968 tom yam kung1969 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] > fish-soup coulis1603 fish-broth1660 bisque1715 fish-soup1723 anchovy-cullis1725 shrimp gumbo1805 fish-chowder1838 lobster bisque1895 ukha1911 shark's fin soup1933 zuppa di pesce1961 fish-broo- 1647 R. Stapleton in tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 267 Beccafico,..one of the greatest rarities they [sc. the Italians] can put into a bisk or ollio. 1670 J. Ogilby tr. A. Montanus Atlas Japannensis 64 Their prepar'd Dishes are heap'd up with variety of Meat, like our Bisks or Olapotreeds. 1685 G. Meriton Nomenclatura Clericalis 398 A Bisk, Scotch-Collops, or Hotch-potch of divers Meats together. 1715 tr. G. Panciroli Hist. Memorable Things Lost I. iv. x. 181 A Bisk of all sorts of Fish [L. patinam piscis]. 1736 Compl. Family-piece i. ii. 113 To make a Bisque of Pidgeons. 1846 C. E. Francatelli Mod. Cook 77 Bisque of quails, à la Prince Albert. 1889 Table Talk May 202/1 A mutton bisque, for instance, should be made from mutton and veal, or chicken. 1949 T. B. Costain High Towers ii. 32 Tonight for the supper en famille..there will be a bisque of pigeons and cockscombs. 1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. (1991) ii. 53 During the seventeenth century more solid stews in the form of hashes, bisks and fricassees began to replace the earlier pottages. †b. figurative. Any mixture of many heterogeneous elements; a hotchpotch, a medley. Cf. olio n. 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1653 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Fancies 129 A Bisk for Nature's Table. 1665 E. Waterhouse Gentlemans Monitor xliii. 450 God has made this Bisk of varieties, in which are hotchpotch'd high and low, sad and cheery, rich and poor conditions. 2. A rich, smooth seafood soup typically based on a strained broth of crayfish, lobster, or other shellfish and finished with cream. In later use also: a cream-based soup of a similar consistency made from puréed vegetables.In early use chiefly denoting a soup made with crayfish. Frequently with modifying word specifying the main ingredient, as lobster bisque, crab bisque, etc. ΚΠ 1813 L. E. Ude French Cook 315 Pour your bisque into the tureen, over the bread, place the above-mentioned tails that you have laid aside for a while, all round the tureen over the soup. 1879 ‘Wyvern’ Culinary Jottings for Madras (ed. 2) 25 The bisque again is a purée strictly speaking of crayfish (aux écrevisses) or of lobster (de homard) but it can be made successfully with crab, prawns, and shrimps. 1913 Smart Set May 110/2 Not the vulgar crab soup of the bar-rooms..but crab bisque, of white meat, country butter and rich cream all compact. 1993 M. R. Harris Tropical Fruit Cookbk. 4 Clam chowder, cream of mushroom or cream of chicken, potato, and tomato bisque are good combinations with avocado. 2003 Chile Pepper Feb. 17/1 The outgoing, self-taught chef who whipped up her gumbos, greens, bisques and orielles de cochon at the Avery Island Commissary for decades. 2021 Daily Mirror 5 July 25/1 Menus printed on parchment detailed the options for parents: Lobster bisque, Beef Wellington, and expensive French champagne. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). bisquen.² Brit. /bɪsk/, U.S. /bɪsk/ Forms: 1600s biscaye, 1600s–1700s bisk, 1600s– bisque. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bisque. Etymology: < French bisque a handicap point in real tennis (c1576 in Middle French; 1564 or earlier as biscaye in this sense; perhaps compare also donner la biscaye to cheat in weighing something: 1547 or earlier); further etymology uncertain and disputed.Several suggestions have been made as to the origin of French bisque in this sense. Early forms of the word correspond with those of Biscaye, former name in French for Biscay, a province in Spain and historical territory of the Basque country, and it has been suggested that it may ultimately reflect negative stereotypes about people from this area as dishonest traders among the French in the 16th cent.; however, evidence to confirm this is lacking. The French word has alternatively been derived from Italian bisca gaming room, gambling den (mid 16th cent.), although this does not appear to be consistent either with early spellings of the term in real tennis or with accounts of the history of the game. 1. a. Real Tennis and (formerly) Tennis. A handicap of one stroke or point per set, which may be claimed by the player who receives it at any time, subject to certain conditions. Cf. half-fifteen n.A bisque may not be taken during a rally or rest (rest n.³ 6) or by a server after serving one fault, and may only be used to win or defend a chase (chase n.¹ 7) after the players have changed sides. The bisque was the basic unit of handicapping or odds in both real tennis and lawn tennis until the 1890s, when the official regulatory bodies of lawn tennis in both Britain and the United States adopted a different handicap system. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun] > odds bisque1656 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Bisque (Fr.), a fault at Tennis. 1679 T. Shadwell True Widow i. 8 We'll play with you at a Bisk, and a fault, for twenty pound. 1763 T. Nugent tr. J.-J. Rousseau Emilius I. 114 It will be in his power to break it [sc. a promise], as players at tennis defer making use of the bisque, till they find an opportunity of using it to advantage. 1792 T. Holcroft Road to Ruin ii. 32 The Frenchman gives fifteen and a bisque. 1877 Field 12 May 571/3 At lawn tennis I would rather give half thirty and a bisque than half the court, because there are no walls, and consequently every ball..has to be returned directly into the half-court. 1884 J. Marshall Tennis Cuts 183 I took each of the teams apart, and explained to them that a bisque was not only a stroke, but a stroke taken just at the crisis when it was wanted. 1973 Daily Tel. 24 May 34/4 Ennis is handicapped at owe 15, but the back marker is a former holder, Frank Willis,..who will owe 30 and give a bisque. 2019 Royal Tennis Court Newsletter Autumn 7/3 The player receiving the Bisque may take it to win one point in each set at any time subject to the following. b. Croquet. An extra turn given to a weaker player or side in handicap play. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > [noun] > extra turn allowed bisque1868 1868 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 512 A very strong player may give two bisques or more, the object being to make the game equal. 1900 H. C. Needham Croquet 50 When thinking of taking a bisque, instead of shooting hard, shoot so as to hit, if possible,..but to lie quite handy if you miss. 1990 Country Life 24 May 142/2 Bower, having tossed aside his 3½ bisque handicap, began to play much more smoothly. 2018 Croquet Gaz. Dec. 22/1 The player with the innings was one hoop behind, had one bisque remaining and knew that time was very very close to being called. c. Golf. A handicap stroke that can be taken on a hole of the player’s choice. Also as a modifier, designating a competition format allowing players to decide the holes at which their handicap strokes are taken, as in bisque bogey, bisque match, bisque par, etc. ΚΠ 1890 H. G. Hutchinson in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xi. 281 The bisque is a point which may be claimed at any moment. 1924 Timaru (N.Z.) Herald 9 June 11/3 A bisque match was played on Friday for a trophy presented by Mrs W. Burns. 1971 Beverley (W. Austral.) Times 17 Sept. 3/2 The 9 holes competition on the same day was also a bisque bogey. 1998 Today's Golfer May 198/3 Halving a hole can become a win by using a bisque, or where she has lost the hole by one stroke using the bisque to halve the hole, and so on. 2. Originally and chiefly British. a. An exemption from a regular duty or obligation granted or claimed on a particular occasion. ΚΠ 1933 P. H. Joyce Transatlantic Wife xiv. 306 I've given up drinking but this is an exceptional occasion. I'm going to take a bisque to-night. 1950 A. Head in Hansard Commons 27 Mar. 99 The War Office have had a ‘bisque’—to use a golfing term. 1985 Times 3 May 1/5 Heads of colleges might occasionally take a bisque, and elect the son of an old friend or indulge his partiality for games players, but it seldom happens. b. Formerly, at the BBC: a day's leave granted to a member of staff without prior notice. Now historical. ΚΠ 1938 Ariel (BBC) Mar. 17/2 Why did Priscilla get the push? She grew too good to take a bisque For fear her boss should miss Miss Fisk. 1951 Rep. Broadcasting Comm. 1949 129 in Parl. Papers 1950–1 (Cmnd. 8117) IX. 475 Casual absence (bisque leave) of two full days or four half days in each calendar year may be granted, work permitting. Reasons for requesting bisques need not be stated. 1997 Independent (Nexis) 10 Nov. 15 In the pre-Birt days the BBC used to give its employees two bisques a year... A bisque was a day off that could be taken without warning and without explanation—however disruptive it might be. c. A postponement of a loan repayment under certain conditions without penalty. ΚΠ 1957 N. Birch in Hansard Commons (Electronic ed.) 19 Dec. 594 Under the loan agreements, as re-negotiated, we have the right to have seven bisques, as they are called, when we can postpone the repayment of the loan and pay the amounts at the end of the period. 1966 Times 16 Dec. 18/6 It would be permissible to postpone the payment—‘take a bisque’ is the phrase used—but only four more bisques remain from now to the year 2000. 2016 G. Adaba Financing Social Protection Floors (United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on Financing for Developm. Working Paper) in un.org (accessed 16 July 2021) 16 Following the overthrow of President Sukarno, a bisque clause was included in Indonesia's debt restructuring. d. In the British House of Commons: an evening's leave as granted to an MP by a government with a large enough majority large enough to carry any votes despite his or her absence. Also (usually more fully bisque system): the system whereby such leave is granted.Chiefly with reference to the Conservative government of the 1980s. ΚΠ 1983 Daily Tel. 30 June 5/1 The whips have proposed what they call a ‘bisque’ system under which batches of unpaired MPs would be allowed a free evening when it was clear the Government had enough votes to get the night's business through. 1985 Economist 2 Mar. 40 Mr Biffen probably cannot do more at present than try to revitalise the ‘bisque’, the arrangement which, in today's unbalanced commons, enables Tory MPs effectively to work a shift system without endangering the government's majority. 1989 D. Skinner in Hansard Commons (Electronic ed.) 6 Apr. 416 They hustle the Government Back Benchers in. Every so often they say, ‘If you behave yourself, we will give you a bisque.’ 1992 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 16 May 15 Senior Tories are looking back nostalgically to recent parliaments, when the Government's majorities permitted whips to organize a ‘bisque’ system of nights off for the troops. Phrases †P1. to have a bisque in one's (also the) sleeve and variants: to have another plan, idea, or resource held in reserve, to be used when required. Cf. to have in one's sleeve. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1713 Flying-Post 24–26 Nov. He (like a compleat Politician) reserves always a Bisk in his sleeve (a Phrase we Tennis-players use). 1717 C. Bullock Woman is Riddle ii. 18 Before the game's up, I have a Bisk in my sleeve, an appeal to the House of Peers. 1801 C. Dibdin Observ. Tour Eng. I. vi. 40 Stephen made its possessors the condition with Maud the empress, during their dispute for sovereignty, which a tennis player would have called having a bisque in the sleeve. †P2. to give (one) fifteen, etc., and a bisque: to outclass (a person) in a contest or comparison, to be superior to (a person) in a particular respect. Obsolete. [After French donner quinze et bisque (1635 or earlier in this sense).] ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > surpass or beat whip1571 overmaster1627 to give (one) fifteen and a bisque1664 to beat (all) to nothing1768 beatc1800 bang1808 to beat (also knock) all to sticks1820 floga1841 to beat (a person, a thing) into fits1841 to beat a person at his (also her, etc.) own game1849 to knock (the) spots off1850 lick1890 biff1895 to give a stone and a beating to1906 to knock into a cocked hat1965 1664 tr. L. Dumay Estate of Empire viii. 264 As for the beauty and number of Cities,..John Botero confesses, that for that matter we may give them fifteen and a bisque [Fr. nous leur pouvons donner quinze & bisque]. 1881 Sat. Rev. 30 July 136/2 If alliteration be a mark of study and finish, the latest school of English poetry can give Byron thirty and a bisque. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). bisquen.³adj. Brit. /bɪsk/, /biːsk/, U.S. /bɪsk/ Forms: 1700s–1800s bisqué, 1700s– bisque. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: biscuit n. Etymology: Shortened < biscuit n.The spellings bisque and especially bisqué (which is apparently confined to sense A. 2 and related uses) suggest that the word may have been perceived to be of French origin, but no French etymon has been identified. A. n.³ †1. Perhaps: a receptacle for biscuits. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1706 J. Evelyn tr. Pliny the Younger in Sylva (ed. 4) iv. 337 Be sure never to carry your Bottle and Bisque [L. panarium et lagunculam] into the Field, without your Pugillares and Tablet. 2. Ceramics. Pottery that has undergone a single firing to harden the clay permanently, esp. before it is glazed and fired for a second time; a piece of such pottery. Also spec.: a type of unglazed, matt, typically white porcelain used for statuettes, vases, etc. (more fully bisque porcelain). Cf. sense B. 1.Cf. earlier biscuit n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > unglazed terra-cotta1722 biscuit1768 biscuitware1773 bisque1782 redware1832 terre cuite1869 1782 J. Flaxman Let. 8 July in S. Smiles J. Wedgwood (1894) xvii. 209 I must beg, as soon as you have set a price on the ostrich's egg teapot in the fine white bisqué, that you will let me have one. 1787 J. Wedgwood Catal. (ed. 6) 2 Basaltes: a fine black porcelain bisqué, of nearly the same properties with the natural stone... Jasper: a white porcelain bisqué, of exquisite beauty and delicacy... Bamboo, or cane-coloured bisqué porcelain... A porcelain bisqué of extreme hardness, little inferior to that of agate. 1840 Repertory Patent Inventions 13 318 The first fire to which the green ware is exposed, should not be so strong as to cause any sensible contraction of the green ware, but be merely sufficient to harden it into a kind of bisque. 1864 Daily Tel. 28 Sept. He had..seen vast numbers of statuettes in plaster of Paris and in bisque. 1969 Canad. Antiques Collector Jan. 28/2 To glaze porcelain, the clay is fired at a low temperature to produce a bisque. 2003 Pop. Ceramics May 21/1 Allow some areas of the bisque to show through. Clean the tile and the sponge between colors. 3. A warm light brown colour resembling that of a biscuit; = biscuit n. 6. Cf. earlier sense B. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > light brown dust-colour1607 milk chocolate1723 café au lait1763 whitey-brown1858 biscuit1879 rachel1880 bisque1891 lobster bisque1895 toast-colour1898 parchment1904 toast1922 suntan1923 milk coffee1972 1891 Illustr. Amer. 26 Dec. 281/1 Dress your little girl in all white, pale tan, or bisque. 1922 Glasgow Herald 17 Aug. 6/5 The bride, who was looking extremely happy, was attired in a dress of pale bisque and a black hat. 1996 Interior Design Aug. 104/1 The potent palette and strong geometry of the patriotically hued carpet gave way to embossed-diamond floor coverings in a shade of bisque. B. adj. 1. Ceramics. Made of bisque (in sense A. 2); = biscuit adj. 1.See also bisque doll n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1807 Lincoln, Rutland, & Stamford Mercury 6 Nov. White bisque ornaments for painting upon. 1906 Trans. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 9 58 About two teaspoonfuls of feldspar is put into a small bisque cup. 1945 Wisconsin Mag. Hist. 29 247 Mrs. Gabriel Roisland's bisque figurines were much admired. 2004 A. Rivers Islands iii. 59 Beach roses wilted in a little bisque vase. 2. Designating a warm light brown colour resembling that of a biscuit; having such a colour; = biscuit adj. 2. Cf. sense A. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > light brown parchment1597 whited brown1650 whitey-brown1658 coffee-coloured1695 dust-coloured1800 ochre-brown1853 blonde1866 biscuit1875 weedy-brown1886 mousy1888 bisque1890 toast-coloured1898 suntan1923 sunblush1930 rachel1951 1890 Washington Post 5 June 5/3 The bride, attired in a traveling costume of bisque silk trimmed with velvet. 1931 Daily Messenger (Canandaigua, N.Y.) 21 Sept. 4/7 For bright pleasant kitchens there are bisque curtains with red, yellow or green trimming. 1963 Steubenville (Ohio) Herald-Star 28 Dec. (Home ed.) 4/2 The floor of the entire area was carpeted with pale bisque broadloom to balance the light and dark areas. 2000 M. Attwood Blind Assassin 127 The youthful bride-to-be..was fetching in a demure Schiaparelli creation of blistered bisque crêpe. Compounds C1. Ceramics. As a modifier, with the sense ‘used to fire clay into bisque’, as in bisque oven (now rare), bisque kiln. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > pottery kilns pot-oven1702 biscuit oven1768 gloss-oven1825 glaze-kiln1839 porcelain kiln1848 grand feu1850 smother-kiln1851 bisque1853 muffle kiln1853 muffle1875 1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 454 The quantity of coals necessary for a ‘bisque’ oven is from 16 to 20 tons. 1923 Jrnl. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 6 350 The plates..were divided into three sets which were fired in the first, second and third rings in the bisque kiln. 2018 oberlin-pottery-coop 30 Nov. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 31 Jan. 2019) We've just unloaded the bisque kiln which means that there are tons of new pieces that are ready to be glazed for the firing this weekend. C2. bisque doll n. a doll wholly or partly made of bisque porcelain; esp. one with a bisque head and a cloth body.Bisque dolls were popular children's toys in the late 19th cent., but are now typically collectors' items. ΚΠ 1863 Erie (Pa.) Observer 14 Nov. (advt.) Dressed dolls, china dolls, bisque dolls, wax dolls. 1889 Babyhood Oct. 347/2 Aunt Sophia's first gift was a charming bisque doll, with golden hair, and eyes of ‘heavenly blue’. 2005 Sewanee Rev. 113 576 Standing in the case, row above row, were bisque dolls, their glass eyes staring. bisque firing n. Ceramics the action of firing pottery so as to harden the clay permanently, esp. before it is glazed and fired for a second time; the state produced by this process; = biscuit firing n. at biscuit n. and adj. Compounds 2b. ΚΠ 1847 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Feb. 120 The glost ovens and process of firing are so similar to the descriptions given of the bisque firing that there is nothing worthy of remark. 1959 V. A. Roy Ceramics xxxvii. 173 Clay in the bisque firing has become somewhat vitrified. 1997 Star-Tribune (Minneapolis) (Electronic ed.) 23 Oct. After the bisque firing, I hand-painted cobalt glaze in the impressions before adding an overall clear, glossy glaze for the second firing. 2003 Pop. Ceramics May 12/1 The most prominent gas emission from firing ceramic ware is carbon monoxide (CO) produced during bisque-firing. bisque-headed adj. (of a doll) having a head made of bisque porcelain; cf. bisque doll n. ΚΠ 1885 Xenia (Ohio) Daily Gaz. 1 Dec. (advt.) We have a fine line of Bisque-Headed Dolls. 1951 E. St. George Dolls Three Cent. iii. 27 A beautiful bisque-headed doll with a kid body. 2009 Financial Times 3 Jan. (Life & Arts section) 12/4 Sotheby's sold a 1909 Kammer and Reinhardt bisque-headed doll that really had been found in an attic for £170,000. bisqueware n. Ceramics pottery that has undergone a single firing, esp. that intended to be glazed and fired a second time; pots, ornaments, etc., made from this; biscuitware. ΚΠ 1821 P. A. Nemnich Neues Waaren-Lexikon at Biskuitporzellan Biscuit or bisque ware. 1882 Art Amateur June 15/1 It is often useful to draw the design on bisque ware with a black lead pencil. 2008 M. Glazer Cracked Pot x. 166 I had my shelves of bisqueware organized, from the least expensive saucers to the fanciest jugs and teakettles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1647n.²1656n.³adj.1706
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bisquen.1

bisquen.2

Phrases

bisquen.3adj.

Compounds

bisquen.¹

bisquen.²

bisquen.³adj.