settingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈsɛtɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈsɛdɪŋ/

Etymology: < set v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.

I. Senses related to transitive uses of set v.¹

a. The action of set v.¹ in various transitive senses; putting, placing, planting, etc. Also, the fact of being set.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > [noun]

layingc1330

pitchinga1398

settinga1398

couchingc1400

stowingc1440

placingc1449

stelling1560

disposition1563

location1568

planting1585

situation1589

collocation1605

situating1611

disposurea1625

depositure1635

allodgement1639

instalment1646

fixation1652

deposition1659

lodgement1713

repositing1713

emplacement1742

bestowal1773

locating1774

disposal1828

placement1844

allocation1846

enlodgement1884

siting1902

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxxxvi. 1030 The rose tree springeþ somtyme by sowyng of seed, somtyme by settynge and plauntynge, and somtyme by graffynge.

1427–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 68 Also for settyng of þe same ston iij dayes.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2932 With Sossyngs, & Sotelte, Settyng of cases.

1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Ee.iii M. Thomas..writ to his wief, and did hir to weete his settinge at libertie.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §423 A Tree, at the first Setting, should not be Shaken, vntill it hath taken Root fully.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Setting, when applied to the sails, is the loosening and expanding them.

1796 W. Jones et al. Key to Art of Ringing Pref. 1 Instructions for the attainment of the practical part of the art, from the setting of a Bell itself to the perfect knowledge of the most difficult peals.

1841 Guide to Trade, Baker 38 This is called the quarter sponge, and the operation is denominated setting.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 235 At that time setting or straightening was so little known that many of the barrels were far from being straight.

1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. Setting of the Brick, the fixing of the bricks in a kiln.

1921 H. G. Crockett Pract. Leather Manuf. ii. x. 141 When the goods have become sufficiently dry for setting, and in a fairly stiff condition, they are taken down and brushed over with water.

1953 D. Woodroffe Leather Dressing xiv. 144 Sometimes the setting is done by striking out a second time on the same machine.

1965 M. McIntyre Place of Quiet Waters ii. 23 There was a..bucksaw, badly in need of setting.

†b. An ambush or trap. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > hostile lying in wait > a lying in wait or ambush

waitingc1200

spyc1380

settingc1430

watch?a1475

wait1533

stale1557

ambush1573

imboscata1595

stand1616

belaying1677

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > [noun]

neteOE

angleOE

grinc1000

trapc1175

caltropa1300

lacec1330

girnc1375

espyc1380

webc1400

hook1430

settingc1430

lure1463

stall?a1500

stalea1529

toil1548

intrap1550

hose-net1554

gudgeon1577

mousetrap1577

trapfall1596

ensnarementa1617

decoy1655

cobweba1657

trepan1665

snap1844

deadfall1860

Judas1907

tanglefoot1908

catch-221963

trip-wire1971

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iv. viii. 180 Keepe þee..from hise settinges and from hise nettes.

c. Sport.

(a) The action of a dog in indicating game.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > pointing

setting1621

set1699

point1771

dead set1819

pointing1877

1621 G. Markham Hungers Preuention 265 To make a true election of your dogge, which you intend to apply to this purpose of Setting.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Setting-dog, a Dog train'd up to the Setting of Partridges.

1819 T. B. Johnson Shooter's Compan. 22 Dogs, called setters, are now to be met with of all forms, miserably deficient in the most prominent quality, setting.

(b) The sport of ‘putting up’ game with a setter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > [noun] > putting up game with setter

setting1661

1661 R. Boyle Proemial Ess. in Certain Physiol. Ess. 32 When I go a Hawking or Setting.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 133 I went a setting, & Hauking.

1770 G. White Let. 12 May in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 81 I knew a lover of setting, an old sportsman.

1818 Gentleman's Mag. 88 ii. 113 His great skill in all the sports of the field, especially that of Setting, of which diversion his Lordship was passionately fond.

d. Scottish and dialect. The action of letting or leasing (land, etc.); the right to do this; a lease.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [noun] > right to lease land

setting1397

society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > [noun] > leasing

setting1397

assedation1457

leasing1521

1397 in Spalding Club Miscell. V. 252 All giftys, taliees, settyngys, and condysyoungs mad or to be mad be dame Isabell, Contas of Mar, to the sayd George hir brothir.

1546 in W. Page Certificates Chantries County of York (1895) II. 246 The saide founder..shall have the lettinge, settinge, boynes, services and customes of all the landes.

1634–46 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 173 Cruell oppression of the poore tenants; evidenced, 1⁰. By deare setting of rowms.

1760 Patrington Haven Act 16 The intention of such letting or setting.

1898 Longman's Mag. Apr. 546 The lettings, here called ‘settings’ or ‘takings’, are at Candlemas.

e. Mining. The act of contracting with miners for work to be done.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > contracting with miners for work

setting1839

1839 H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall xv. 569 Of the remainder he paid the adventurers one-half, or one-quarter, as may have been agreed upon according to the supposed prospects of the mine at the time of setting.

1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. Setting, sometimes termed ‘letting’,..in the slate industry,..means agreeing upon a contract for a month.

f. Logging. (See quot.)

ΚΠ

1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 46 Setting, the temporary station of a portable sawmill, a yarding engine, or other machine used in logging.

a. The manner or position in which anything is set, fixed, or placed. In Croquet, any one of the different arrangements of the hoops and pegs on the ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > [noun]

standing?c1400

situationa1484

setting?1523

disposition?1541

position1556

collocation1605

posture1605

standa1684

lie1697

lay1819

presentation1833

sit1857

gisement1864

orientation1875

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > [noun] > setting of hoops and pegs

setting1868

14.. Wycliffite Bible, 2 Kings ii. 19 (margin) That is, the setting of the citee was best for profetis.

c1450 Mirk's Festial 279 How ȝe schull pray to God, þe settyng of þe chyrch hyt tellyþe you: Hit ys sette yn þe est, techyng [etc.].

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iii The temperyng to go brode & narowe is in the settyng of the culture [= coulter].

1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss Induct. 40 I saw the bravest setting for a game now That ever mine eye fix'd on.

1868 W. J. Whitmore Croquet Tactics ii. 19 There are as many as eight different settings.

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 254/1 [article Croquet] The original setting had ten hoops... Finally came the six-hoop or championship setting.

1948 ‘Duplex’ Sharpening Small Tools iv. 71 To adjust the setting of the plane..the tension screw is slightly slackened and the set adjustment lever is moved upwards or downwards.

1979 Homes & Gardens June 154/1 Some recent models also have a thermometer and control dial so you are able to alter the setting.

b. The inclination or dip of an axle: = set n.¹ 18a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle > inclination or dip of an axle

setting1844

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1162 The setting or form of the axle.

c. Gasworks. The manner of placing retorts in a furnace; concrete a group or set of retorts placed together.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels > for producing gas > set of

setting1872

potline1951

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels > for producing gas > manner of placing

setting1872

1872 W. C. Holmes & Co. Manag. Gas Works 15 The setting of the retorts is a matter of the utmost importance.

1877 W. Richards Manuf. Coal Gas 354 Of all the apparatus of a gasworks, unquestionably the most important are the settings of retorts.

1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 91/2 A furnace or bed of retorts is composed of a group or setting, heated by a separate fire.

d. Type-founding. The position of the face of a letter on the body or shank. Cf. set n.¹ 19c.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > parts of type > position of

setting1887

set1892

1887 J. Southward in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 710/1 All founders now supply imitations of the old types. Comparing the old face and the modern characters, the latter are more regular in size, lining, setting, and colour,—using these words in the technical sense of the founder.

e. A set of cutlery or crockery, or of both, sufficient for one place at table. Cf. place setting n. at place n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > a place-setting

covera1612

couvert1768

table setting1844

place setting1950

setting1952

1952 A. Vanderbilt Compl. Bk. Etiquette ix. 98 A young bride can do very well with four- or six-place settings consisting of dinner knife, dinner fork, salad fork, butter knife, teaspoon, and dessert spoon.

1961 Times 30 May 15/6 Veneered oak canteen containing settings for 8 people, including fish knives and forks, in Mappin Plate.

1975 M. Orr Rich Girl, Poor Girl xxi. 278 Maggie..was given..a twelve-piece setting of Danish flatware.

†3. Putting into words, redaction. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > [noun] > action or practice of composing

diting1382

settinga1450

writingc1450

makinga1470

context?a1475

indite1508

inditing?a1513

inditement1567

contexture1603

composal1615

composing1873

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lvi. l. 519 For þ^e ton storie the tothir Medlyth withal, After the settyng Of the forseid Robert, That somtym it translated.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 21 Therfore thus after the settynge of mayster Alponse is youre legende red in all places of this order.

†4. A sum staked at play; a bet or stake. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > [noun] > stake

wedc1330

set1537

setting1540

stake1540

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus iv. iii. sig. Tj All the stakes and settynges that be sette within the dyce borde, whiche lye on lyttell heapes.

†5. A set (of stones) with which a surface is ‘set’ or studded. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery of specific shape or form > [noun] > group set in pattern

setting1611

locket1655

pavé1871

1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxviii. 17 And thou shalt set in it settings of stones [margin, Hebr. fill in it fillings of stone] .

a. The manner in which a jewel is ‘set’ or mounted; concrete the frame or bed (of precious metal or the like) in which a jewel is set.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > setting

ouche1481

collet1528

chase1580

foil1587

enclosing1611

enchasement1651

setting1815

1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 192 (note) A very valuable antique ring, the setting of which did not meet his approbation.

1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. ii. Aristocr. Lett. 48 The setting is more valuable than the jewel.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 350/2 There are two systems of setting practised—viz., Roman setting, and what is called colletting.

b. transferred and figurative. The environment or surroundings in which a person or thing is ‘set’; the literary framework of a narrative or other composition; the mounting of a play.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > environment, setting, or background

setting1841

scenics1842

background1854

milieu1854

environment1855

conditions1856

surroundings1861

medium1865

ambient1902

society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > framework or outline

plot1548

setting1841

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds > a surrounding space or area > totality of surroundings or environment

circumstancea1340

encompassure1600

environry1600

vironry1600

attendment1646

circumambiency1646

ambience1648

environment1725

circumjacency1751

environ1762

environage1831

setting1841

enshrinement1849

entourage1850

milieu1854

surroundings1861

ambiente1862

mise-en-scène1871

surround1922

Umwelt1964

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > production of performance

production1786

mounting1828

setting1885

routining1923

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §8. 30 The connecting links—the framing and setting—of these Revelations.

1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. viii. 315 Mythology has a setting in geography and history.

1885 Manch. Examiner 27 Jan. 5/4 The setting of the piece is charming, and it is quite wonderful how much has been made of a little stage.

c. Psychology and Sociology. A person's disposition or cast of mind formed by experience and colouring his behaviour. Also, the immediate environment considered as an influence upon behaviour; spec. an environment designed to create a particular atmosphere, esp. for experiments with mind-affecting drugs.

ΚΠ

1914 M. Prince Unconscious x. 311 Antecedent experiences of life..conserved in the unconscious formed a setting that gave the point of view and attitude of mind.

1954 R. G. Barker & H. F. Wright Midwest & its Children iii. 45 A behavior setting has been defined as a standing pattern of behavior and as part of the milieu which are syno~morphic and in which the milieu is circumjacent to the behavior.

1954 R. G. Barker & H. F. Wright Midwest & its Children vi. 223 A day from the life of a child in the settings of a community gives a sample of behavior and habitat that is..limited.

1963 E. Goffman Behaviour in Public Places ii. 21 The same physical space can come to be used as a setting for more than one social occasion, and hence as a locus for more than one set of expectations.

1968 Science 13 Dec. 1236/1 It is necessary to control set and setting... The total environment in which the drug is taken is the setting.

1974 M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. xviii. 341 Among the variables that modify the marijuana response are dosage, route of administration, set, and setting.

7. The manner in which a poem or form of words is set to music; a piece of music composed for a particular poem or form of words.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > musical setting

songeOE

setting1871

1871 D. G. Rossetti Lett. (1967) III. 923 Dr. Bennett..can publish his setting if he makes no alteration in the words.

1879 Husk in Grove's Dict. Music I. 84/2 Arne gave to the world those beautiful settings of the songs ‘Under the greenwood tree’ [etc.].

1881 F. J. Crowest Phases Mus. Eng. 93 Settings for the Canticles by modern Church writers.

a. Plastering. The finishing coat of plaster, the setting-coat (see Compounds 3, set n.¹ 30a, set v.¹ 99).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > finishing coat

stucco1734

intonaco1806

setting coat1812

finish1823

set1823

setting1823

skin coat1897

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 390 The term setting is commonly used, when the third coat is made of fine stuff for papering.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 606 With this tool all the first coats of plaster is laid on, as are also the last, or, as it is technically termed, the setting.

1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 121/2 Setting may be either a second coat upon laying or rendering, or a third coat upon floating.

b. A wash of gum or other suitable material applied to the surface of a pencil, charcoal or crayon drawing to prevent it being rubbed; a fixative.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > fixative

fixative1870

setting1895

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II.

a. A crop of fruit developed by fertilizing (see set v.¹ 98). ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > fruit crop

fruitage1578

fruitery1708

setting1731

fructuation1782

top-crop1889

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Cucumis For Want of which kindly Heat, the first Setting or Crop of Fruit..drops off.

b. A clutch (of eggs).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > egg > collective of eggs

nidus1734

setting1902

1902 E. Nesbit Five Children & It iii. 85 A setting of Buff Orpington eggs that had not turned out well.

1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling xiv. 140 The setting was hatched. The young quail, each no bigger than the end of his thumb, scattered like small windblown leaves.

II. Senses related to intransitive uses of set v.¹

10.

a. The sinking of a heavenly body towards and below the horizon; the quarter or direction in which a heavenly body sets. Also, the fall of night or darkness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > set

setc1386

descensiona1398

settinga1400

resconsing1503

declination?1504

fall1549

retreat1601

obit1656

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > twilight, dusk, or nightfall

nighteOE

evengloamOE

eveningOE

gloamingc1000

darknessa1382

twilighting1387

crepusculum1398

crepusculec1400

darkc1400

twilight1412

sky1515

twinlightc1532

day-going?1552

cockshut1592

shutting1598

blind man's holiday1599

candle-lighting1605

gropsing1606

nightfall1612

dusk1622

torchlighta1656

candlelight1663

crepuscle1665

shut1667

mock-shade1669

close1696

duskish1696

glooma1699

setting1699

dimmit1746

to-fall of the day or night1748

darklins1767

even-close1781

mirkning1790

gloaming-shot1793

darkening1814

bat-flying time1818

gloama1821

between-light1821

settle1822

dayfall1823

evenfall1825

onfall1825

owl-hoot1832

glooming1842

darkfall1884

smokefall1936

dusk-light1937

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > set > quarter or direction

setting1823

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5508 Þan sewis furth þat souerayn ay by þa salt strandis Toward þe settynge of þe son.

1607 T. Tomkis Lingua iii. vi Setting of stars, chronic, and heliacal.

1639 E. Chilmead tr. R. Hues Learned Treat. Globes xii You shall in like manner have the houre of the setting.

1699 True Relation Sir T. Morgan's Progress France 13 The Major-General reply'd he would fall on just at the setting of the Night, and when the dusk of the Evening came on.

a1727 I. Newton Short. Chron. 1st Memory in Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) 15 By observing the Heliacal Risings and Setting of the stars, they found the length of the Solar year.

1823 F. Clissold Narr. Ascent Mont Blanc 22 The sun being now near his setting.

1877 R. Browning tr. Aeschylus Agamemnon 67 The shield-bearing people That made a leap, at setting of the Pleiads.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 226 I haue touch'd the highest point of all my Greatnesse, And from that full Meridian of my Glory, I haste now to my Setting .

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi ii. x. 29/2 Upon the setting of Mr. Francis Newman, there arose Mr. William Leet.

1807 W. Wordsworth Ode in Poems II. 150 The Soul that rises with us, our life's Star, Hath had elsewhere it's setting, And cometh from afar.

1839 H. W. Longfellow Hyperion I. i. i The setting of a great hope is like the setting of the sun.

11. The process or fact of becoming set, hard, or stiff; coagulation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > [noun] > process or fact of becoming stiff or hard

stiffness1639

setting1791

set1837

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. Addit. Notes xii. 24 The clay becomes as hard as before, being pressed together..by its self-attraction, called setting by the potters.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 456 An almost impenetrable crust may be produced by the quick exhalation of the moisture, and what is termed by farmers the setting of the clay.

1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 312 (Plastering) Setting is also the quality that any kind of stuff has to harden in a short time.

1883 J. T. Taylor Hardwich's Man. Photogr. Chem. (ed. 9) 166 If too much Alcohol be employed, the setting of the Pyroxyline will be..greatly retarded.

1969 Jams, Preserves & Homemade Sweets (Good Housekeeping Libr. Cooking) i. 10 Lemon juice..aids the setting.

1969 Jams, Preserves & Homemade Sweets (Good Housekeeping Libr. Cooking) i. 11 After the sugar has been added, the jam should be watched carefully and tested for setting without undue delay.

attributive.1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 610 The coagulating or setting power of burnt alabaster.1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. vii. 52 The alkali decomposes the pyroxyline, rendering it..defective in setting qualities.1963 D. Seton Essent. Mod. Cookery 150 The setting property of jam is due to the presence of pectin in the fruit.1963 D. Seton Essent. Mod. Cookery 151 Setting-point is reached when the jam forms a flake and drops off the spoon cleanly or sharply when shaken.

12. The flowing of a current in a particular direction; the direction of flow. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > direction

settingc1595

set1719

c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 52 The settinge of head seas in soe darke a night within soe straight and daingerous a passage.

1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 10 You are to..observe all..Courses of Tides, flowings and settings of Currents.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Current The setting, or progressive motion of the current.

1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xl. 533 It was attempted to explain this appearance, by supposing the setting of a current here from west to east.

1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years VI. iv. 199 That powerful setting of the current of human motive and inclination.

Compounds

C1. Combinations.

a. With various adverbs, as setting-down, setting-forth, setting-in, setting-off, setting-out, setting to: see the corresponding combinations of set v.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > [noun] > setting out

foundingOE

partingc1300

outgoing?c1335

buskinga1400

way-gangingc1485

profectiona1538

departure1540

waygoinga1600

way-ganga1628

upcoming1654

outsettinga1698

setting-out1711

1439 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 157 Atte the settyng vp of his Crafte he schal pay ijs.

c1480 (a1400) Prol. 6 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 1 As sais ‘þe romance of þe rose’, but settyng to of ony glose.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Hiiii The gallaunt garnishing, & the bewtiful setting furth of it.

1606 F. Bacon Certain Considerations Plantation Ireland in Resuscitatio (1657) i. 259 So that, this must rather be an Adventure, for such as are full; Then a setting up, of those, that are of low Means.

1614 G. Markham Pleasures Princes 52 From his [the Cock's] head to the setting on of his shoulders.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 132. ⁋1 The first preparation for our Setting out was, that the Captain's Half-Pike was placed near the Coachman.

1778 N. B. Halhed Gram. Bengal Lang. Advt. Till the setting in of the dry season.

c1800 in Hoyle's Games Improv. (1814) 444 The person appointed..is to tell ten between each setting-to, till one of the two cocks has refused fighting ten times successively.

1845 W. Youatt Dog iii. 82 Their teeth and the setting-up of their backs will confirm this.

1859 ‘The Druid’ Silk & Scarlet iii. 216 We do not just like the setting on of his [a horse's] neck.

1894 J. E. Davis Elem. Mod. Dressmaking (1895) 46 The setting-in of the second sleeve [is] proceeded with.

1942 P. I. Smith Princ. & Processes Light-leather Manuf. v. 161 After dyeing and fat-liquoring the next process is setting-out or striking out, which today is usually done by hand.

1942 W. S. Churchill End of Beginning (1943) 27 It was agreed that I should propose to those concerned the setting-up of a Pacific Council in London.

1953 D. Woodroffe Leather Dressing xiv. 144 Striking out forms an excellent treatment prior to the setting out process.

1959 20th Cent. Nov. 345 The setting-up of an alternative..television service.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio viii. 146 If wear is noticeably accelerated,..rather complicated ways of setting up have to be devised.

1975 G. Bram & C. Downs Manuf. Technol. vi. 168 To assist ‘setting up’, tenon blocks are provided to engage in table slots.

1979 A. B. Emary Woodworking viii. 37 The steps..are setting out, which means making certain full-size drawings—in the trade this is called making a workshop rod, compiling a list of timber required for the job, and placing the necessary marks on the timber from the information on the rod.

b. Specific uses:

setting-down n. †a siege.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] > a siege

assiege1469

leaguer1601

setting-downa1616

obsess1694

wall-fight1850

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iv. 10 The confident Tyrant Keepes still in Dunsinane, and will indure Our setting downe befor't.

1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. E2 They were rather extrusions, then Sieges, or settings downe, for he stayd not long in a place.

setting-forth n. †a means of advancement or bringing into celebrity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > rise in prosperity, power, or rank > occasion or means of

stairs1585

stair1596

setting-forth1602

stepping-stone1653

rise1697

lift1711

leg up1871

a step in the right direction1877

a step up1926

fast track1946

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > fame or renown > [noun] > means of

setting-forth1602

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. ii. sig. D2 O Ioue, what a setting forth it is to a man, to haue many [printed may] Courtiers com to his house!

setting-off n. †something that enhances the charm of a thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > [noun] > ornamentation or decoration > an ornament > foil

foil1581

set-offa1625

offset1628

setting-offa1640

beauty spot1701

a1640 P. Massinger Guardian ii. v. 72 in 3 New Playes (1655) A Bed-fellow, To whose rare entertainment all these are But foils, and settings off.

setting-out n. (a) a working drawing; (b) U.S. = set-out n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > working drawing

draught1577

design1624

draft1678

setting-out1848

1848 Ladies' Repository VIII. 337 I think you can afford to give that to Hen and Kate as part of their ‘setting-out’.

1860 J. G. Holland Miss Gilbert's Career vi. 101 There isn't any girl in Crampton that is better educated than she is and there isn't one that will have such a setting-out.

1891 D. Denning Art Cabinet-making 220 The setting out or working drawing may be made on paper.

1900 J. de F. Shelton Salt-box House xxi. 169 Despite the high prices caused by the war, her [bridal] setting-out was not inferior, having its full complement of silver, china..Irish-stitch (damask), [etc.].

setting-up n. U.S. dialect an all-night vigil, esp. one kept by relatives beside the body of a dead person (cf. to set up 37 at set v.¹ Phrasal verbs 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > vigil > [noun]

watch971

wakingc1175

wakec1200

vigil?1504

pernoctation1633

setting-up1835

1835 C. Gilman Recoll. Southern Matron in Southern Rose 14 Nov. 41/2 This solemnity is usually styled by the negroes ‘a setting up’.

1905 ‘P. Pennington’ Diary 25 Dec. in Woman Rice Planter (1913) viii. 272 All the grown servants have gone to the ‘setting up’, which is one of the strongest articles of their creed..the feeling that they must not be found in their beds on this mysterious night when the King of the world was born.

1949 ‘J. Nelson’ Backwoods Teacher xv. 160 Most of them stayed a few minutes and departed, perhaps leaving one member of the family for the ‘settin'-up’.

†c. to cost one the setting on, ? to cost one dear. Also, to cost one (dear) in the setting on.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > high price or rate > [verb (transitive)] > cost (one) high price

standc1390

to cost one (dear) in the setting on1594

to pay sauce1659

1594 J. Lyly Mother Bombie ii. v. sig. D4 This good fellowshippe shall cost mee the setting on at our next meeting.

1615 T. Jackson Iustifying Faith iv. ii. viii. 255 Carthages often prouocation of Rome cost it dearer in the setting on, then other Citties vanquished by the Romanes.

d. setting-to-rights, the action of putting things in their correct places (on a shelf, etc.). Cf. set v.¹ 25a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > putting in order > putting in order or making tidy

redding1450

reding1493

trimming1519

fettling1847

setting-to-rights1847

slicking1855

tidying1867

snugging1886

1847 C. M. Yonge Scenes & Characters xxiii. 284 That wearisome operation, a complete setting-to-rights; Eleanor..extended her cares from the stores to every other household matter.

1911 K. D. Wiggin Mother Carey xiv. 124 Dozens of shelves in odd spaces helped much in the tidy stowing away of household articles... In the midst of all this delightful and cheery setting-to-rights a letter arrived.

C2. Attributive, in many names of technical instruments and appliances. Also setting-pole n., setting-stick n.

setting-chisel n.

ΚΠ

1399 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 18 Magnæ settyng chisiles.

setting-dibble n.

ΚΠ

1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 28 To handle the scepter, with the same humility of heart..that one would do a setting-dibble.

setting-hammer n.

ΚΠ

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. ix. 382/1 Tools used by Jewellers... A Setting Hammer.

setting-iron n.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Fiche, a gardeners dible, or setting yron.

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 186 With what are known as masons' setting-irons stuck into the stone-work behind.

setting-knife n.

ΚΠ

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 638 The setting-knife [used by glaziers in lead-work] consists of a blade with a round point, loaded with lead at the bottom and terminating in a long square handle.

setting-pin n.

ΚΠ

1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire I. 144 The setting pin resembles the gardener's dibble.

setting-screw n.

ΚΠ

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxii. 154 The Use of this Setting-Screw is, to increase or diminish the Proportion of Seed to be turned out by the Notches.

setting-trowel n.

ΚΠ

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 12 A Setting Trowel, being less than the Laying Trowel, with which they finish the Plastering when it is almost dry.

C3.

setting-block n. a block used in various technical operations (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 284/1 The barrel is ‘set’ by striking with a hammer or ebonite mallet across a setting block.

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Setting Block, a round-edged block of iron upon which a saw is laid longitudinally during the operation of setting.

setting-board n. (a) a board used by glaziers in lead-work (see quot. 1825); (b) a board of wood or cork, usually grooved, for setting insect specimens.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > glass-making equipment > [noun] > other equipment

ladle1483

frache1662

paddle1662

strocals1662

basin1728

setting-board1825

cuvette1832

sabre1832

fly-frame1835

chair1845

snapdragon1869

sand-blast1871

parallelometer1887

chevalet1890

harbour1891

hearth1898

frigger1923

drawbar1926

the world > animals > zoology > study of specific types of animal > [noun] > insects > equipment material

spreading board1821

setting-board1825

spreader1910

Polyporus1940

electroantennography1973

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 638 The setting-board is that in which the ridge of the light is marked and divided into squares, struck out with a chalk line, or drawn with a lath, which serves to guide the workmen.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. l. 534 The English plan, except in the case of some large-bodied moths or hawk-moths, requires no groove in the setting-board.

1894 W. Furneaux Butterflies & Moths ix. 122 The most important requirement is the setting boards, of which several are necessary.

1976 V. Nabokov Details of Sunset 158 He would first pin the carefully killed insect in the cork-bottomed groove of the setting board.

setting-circle n. a graduated circle attached to a telescope for ascertaining the position of a star (1891 in Cent. Dict.).

setting coat n. a finishing coat of fine plastering (cf. 8a).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [noun] > fine > finishing coat of

setting coat1812

skim coat1895

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > finishing coat

stucco1734

intonaco1806

setting coat1812

finish1823

set1823

setting1823

skin coat1897

1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 312 Setting Coat.

1916 E. A. Doncaster Limes & Cements xiii. 144 The setting coat..is made of the pure lime as it runs from the basin.

1927 A. H. Telling ABC of Plastering 206 The setting coat should be about one-eighth of an inch thick.

setting lotion n. lotion that is applied to the hair in order to assist the process of setting.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [noun] > fixatives

bandoline1846

fixature1860

setting lotion1926

lacquer1941

hair-lacquer1943

gel1958

mousse1982

1926 Hairdressing 27 Aug. 181/1 No setting lotion nor dressing of any kind was used.

1941 N. Marsh Death & Dancing Footman ii. 40 She..was met by the..familiar smells of hot hair, setting lotion, and the sachets used in permanent waving.

1977 J. Wilson Making Hate xiii. 157 That thick sweetish smell you always get in ladies' hair~dressers..setting lotion or hairspray.

setting-machine n. any of several machines used in certain industries, spec. a machine for setting leather.

ΚΠ

a1909 Mod. Amer. Tanning 116 Setting machine.

setting muzzle n. a muzzle used for preventing a horse from feeding (cf. set v.¹ 26d).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other gear

trainel1283

forelock1467

trannet1504

lungec1721

allonge1773

long rein1775

housing1809

bandage1828

ankle boot1835

setting muzzle1835

nosebag1839

foot rope1854

breast-cord1861

safe1875

snubbing-post1875

toggery1877

crib-muzzlea1884

1835 H. Harewood Dict. Sports at Muzzle There are two descriptions of muzzles: 1. the dressing muzzle..2. the setting muzzle.

1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports §1127. 319 A setting muzzle prevents it [sc. wind-sucking in horses] usually.

setting-net n. ? a set net n. at set adj.¹ Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun] > net

netOE

toil1530

setting-net?c1690

?c1690 Bagford Ball. (1877) 757 This Honourable Covey met, Hodge draws the Members Setting-Net, And gets from all, without regret, Subscriptions.

setting-room n. North American dialect = sitting room n. 1.

ΚΠ

1741 in H. H. Metcalf & O. G. Hammond Probate Rec. New Hampsh. (1915) III. 30 I give to my Beloved Wife..ye furniture of ye Chamber over our Setting room.

1832 W. D. Williamson Hist. Maine II. xxviii. 703 Our indigenous cherry, black-birch, and curl maple,..were shoved from the parlour and setting-room, to admit articles of foreign mahogany.

1908 J. C. Lincoln Cy Whittaker's Place iii. 38 It's your dad's house come back alive, it is so! Look at this settin' room.

setting-rule n. a composing-rule.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > composing equipment > [noun] > setting-rule

rule1683

setting-rule1770

1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 376 Having made and secured our measure, we look for a setting Rule.

1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 608/2 A thin slip of brass called a setting-rule, which he places in the composing-stick when he begins.

setting-stone n. a stone with which leather is set.

ΚΠ

1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 416 It is set out on the grain side with a setting stone.

setting stuff n. the fine plaster from which a setting coat is made.

ΚΠ

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 785/1 Setting stuff should not be applied until the floating is quite firm and nearly dry, but it must not be too dry or the moisture will be drawn from the setting stuff.

1927 A. H. Telling ABC of Plastering 187 Setting or fine stuff consists of one part of plasterer's putty to two or three parts of sand.

1939 W. Verrall Solid & Fibrous Plastering v. 64 Setting or skimming stuff can be applied in its raw state or an addition of 10 to 15 per cent. of plaster of Paris added.

setting-up drill n. a course of gymnastic exercises used to give an erect carriage, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > specific exercises

breathing1605

breather1802

arm swing1859

setting-up drill1862

grasshopper march1884

lunge1889

push-up1897

sit-up1900

pull-up1901

deep-breathing1904

bag-punching1927

press-up1928

setting-up exercise1935

pullover1936

bear crawl1937

burpee1939

knee-bend1941

leg raise1944

dip1945

uddiyana1949

squat thrust1950

lateral1954

pull-down1956

aquacise1968

step-up1973

abdominal crunch1981

power walking1982

crunch1983

gut-buster1983

stomach crunch1986

1862 A. Maclaren Milit. Syst. Gymnastic Exerc. 26 The setting up and position drill of recruits.

setting-up exercise n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > specific exercises

breathing1605

breather1802

arm swing1859

setting-up drill1862

grasshopper march1884

lunge1889

push-up1897

sit-up1900

pull-up1901

deep-breathing1904

bag-punching1927

press-up1928

setting-up exercise1935

pullover1936

bear crawl1937

burpee1939

knee-bend1941

leg raise1944

dip1945

uddiyana1949

squat thrust1950

lateral1954

pull-down1956

aquacise1968

step-up1973

abdominal crunch1981

power walking1982

crunch1983

gut-buster1983

stomach crunch1986

1935 O. Nash Primrose Path 37 A few setting-up exercises.

1970 Soviet Weekly 25 Apr. 2 He gets up at half past five, does a few setting-up exercises, takes a bath, has breakfast, goes for a walk before starting work.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	setting
释义	settingn.¹ Brit. /ˈsɛtɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsɛdɪŋ/ Etymology: < set v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. I. Senses related to transitive uses of set v.¹ 1. a. The action of set v.¹ in various transitive senses; putting, placing, planting, etc. Also, the fact of being set. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > [noun] layingc1330 pitchinga1398 settinga1398 couchingc1400 stowingc1440 placingc1449 stelling1560 disposition1563 location1568 planting1585 situation1589 collocation1605 situating1611 disposurea1625 depositure1635 allodgement1639 instalment1646 fixation1652 deposition1659 lodgement1713 repositing1713 emplacement1742 bestowal1773 locating1774 disposal1828 placement1844 allocation1846 enlodgement1884 siting1902 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxxxvi. 1030 The rose tree springeþ somtyme by sowyng of seed, somtyme by settynge and plauntynge, and somtyme by graffynge. 1427–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 68 Also for settyng of þe same ston iij dayes. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2932 With Sossyngs, & Sotelte, Settyng of cases. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Ee.iii M. Thomas..writ to his wief, and did hir to weete his settinge at libertie. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §423 A Tree, at the first Setting, should not be Shaken, vntill it hath taken Root fully. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Setting, when applied to the sails, is the loosening and expanding them. 1796 W. Jones et al. Key to Art of Ringing Pref. 1 Instructions for the attainment of the practical part of the art, from the setting of a Bell itself to the perfect knowledge of the most difficult peals. 1841 Guide to Trade, Baker 38 This is called the quarter sponge, and the operation is denominated setting. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 235 At that time setting or straightening was so little known that many of the barrels were far from being straight. 1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. Setting of the Brick, the fixing of the bricks in a kiln. 1921 H. G. Crockett Pract. Leather Manuf. ii. x. 141 When the goods have become sufficiently dry for setting, and in a fairly stiff condition, they are taken down and brushed over with water. 1953 D. Woodroffe Leather Dressing xiv. 144 Sometimes the setting is done by striking out a second time on the same machine. 1965 M. McIntyre Place of Quiet Waters ii. 23 There was a..bucksaw, badly in need of setting. †b. An ambush or trap. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > hostile lying in wait > a lying in wait or ambush waitingc1200 spyc1380 settingc1430 watch?a1475 wait1533 stale1557 ambush1573 imboscata1595 stand1616 belaying1677 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > [noun] neteOE angleOE grinc1000 trapc1175 caltropa1300 lacec1330 girnc1375 espyc1380 webc1400 hook1430 settingc1430 lure1463 stall?a1500 stalea1529 toil1548 intrap1550 hose-net1554 gudgeon1577 mousetrap1577 trapfall1596 ensnarementa1617 decoy1655 cobweba1657 trepan1665 snap1844 deadfall1860 Judas1907 tanglefoot1908 catch-221963 trip-wire1971 c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iv. viii. 180 Keepe þee..from hise settinges and from hise nettes. c. Sport. (a) The action of a dog in indicating game. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > pointing setting1621 set1699 point1771 dead set1819 pointing1877 1621 G. Markham Hungers Preuention 265 To make a true election of your dogge, which you intend to apply to this purpose of Setting. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Setting-dog, a Dog train'd up to the Setting of Partridges. 1819 T. B. Johnson Shooter's Compan. 22 Dogs, called setters, are now to be met with of all forms, miserably deficient in the most prominent quality, setting. (b) The sport of ‘putting up’ game with a setter. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > [noun] > putting up game with setter setting1661 1661 R. Boyle Proemial Ess. in Certain Physiol. Ess. 32 When I go a Hawking or Setting. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 133 I went a setting, & Hauking. 1770 G. White Let. 12 May in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 81 I knew a lover of setting, an old sportsman. 1818 Gentleman's Mag. 88 ii. 113 His great skill in all the sports of the field, especially that of Setting, of which diversion his Lordship was passionately fond. d. Scottish and dialect. The action of letting or leasing (land, etc.); the right to do this; a lease. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [noun] > right to lease land setting1397 society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > [noun] > leasing setting1397 assedation1457 leasing1521 1397 in Spalding Club Miscell. V. 252 All giftys, taliees, settyngys, and condysyoungs mad or to be mad be dame Isabell, Contas of Mar, to the sayd George hir brothir. 1546 in W. Page Certificates Chantries County of York (1895) II. 246 The saide founder..shall have the lettinge, settinge, boynes, services and customes of all the landes. 1634–46 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 173 Cruell oppression of the poore tenants; evidenced, 1⁰. By deare setting of rowms. 1760 Patrington Haven Act 16 The intention of such letting or setting. 1898 Longman's Mag. Apr. 546 The lettings, here called ‘settings’ or ‘takings’, are at Candlemas. e. Mining. The act of contracting with miners for work to be done. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > contracting with miners for work setting1839 1839 H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall xv. 569 Of the remainder he paid the adventurers one-half, or one-quarter, as may have been agreed upon according to the supposed prospects of the mine at the time of setting. 1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. Setting, sometimes termed ‘letting’,..in the slate industry,..means agreeing upon a contract for a month. f. Logging. (See quot.) ΚΠ 1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 46 Setting, the temporary station of a portable sawmill, a yarding engine, or other machine used in logging. 2. a. The manner or position in which anything is set, fixed, or placed. In Croquet, any one of the different arrangements of the hoops and pegs on the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > [noun] standing?c1400 situationa1484 setting?1523 disposition?1541 position1556 collocation1605 posture1605 standa1684 lie1697 lay1819 presentation1833 sit1857 gisement1864 orientation1875 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > [noun] > setting of hoops and pegs setting1868 14.. Wycliffite Bible, 2 Kings ii. 19 (margin) That is, the setting of the citee was best for profetis. c1450 Mirk's Festial 279 How ȝe schull pray to God, þe settyng of þe chyrch hyt tellyþe you: Hit ys sette yn þe est, techyng [etc.]. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iii The temperyng to go brode & narowe is in the settyng of the culture [= coulter]. 1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss Induct. 40 I saw the bravest setting for a game now That ever mine eye fix'd on. 1868 W. J. Whitmore Croquet Tactics ii. 19 There are as many as eight different settings. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 254/1 [article Croquet] The original setting had ten hoops... Finally came the six-hoop or championship setting. 1948 ‘Duplex’ Sharpening Small Tools iv. 71 To adjust the setting of the plane..the tension screw is slightly slackened and the set adjustment lever is moved upwards or downwards. 1979 Homes & Gardens June 154/1 Some recent models also have a thermometer and control dial so you are able to alter the setting. b. The inclination or dip of an axle: = set n.¹ 18a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle > inclination or dip of an axle setting1844 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1162 The setting or form of the axle. c. Gasworks. The manner of placing retorts in a furnace; concrete a group or set of retorts placed together. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels > for producing gas > set of setting1872 potline1951 society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels > for producing gas > manner of placing setting1872 1872 W. C. Holmes & Co. Manag. Gas Works 15 The setting of the retorts is a matter of the utmost importance. 1877 W. Richards Manuf. Coal Gas 354 Of all the apparatus of a gasworks, unquestionably the most important are the settings of retorts. 1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 91/2 A furnace or bed of retorts is composed of a group or setting, heated by a separate fire. d. Type-founding. The position of the face of a letter on the body or shank. Cf. set n.¹ 19c. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > parts of type > position of setting1887 set1892 1887 J. Southward in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 710/1 All founders now supply imitations of the old types. Comparing the old face and the modern characters, the latter are more regular in size, lining, setting, and colour,—using these words in the technical sense of the founder. e. A set of cutlery or crockery, or of both, sufficient for one place at table. Cf. place setting n. at place n.¹ Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > a place-setting covera1612 couvert1768 table setting1844 place setting1950 setting1952 1952 A. Vanderbilt Compl. Bk. Etiquette ix. 98 A young bride can do very well with four- or six-place settings consisting of dinner knife, dinner fork, salad fork, butter knife, teaspoon, and dessert spoon. 1961 Times 30 May 15/6 Veneered oak canteen containing settings for 8 people, including fish knives and forks, in Mappin Plate. 1975 M. Orr Rich Girl, Poor Girl xxi. 278 Maggie..was given..a twelve-piece setting of Danish flatware. †3. Putting into words, redaction. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > [noun] > action or practice of composing diting1382 settinga1450 writingc1450 makinga1470 context?a1475 indite1508 inditing?a1513 inditement1567 contexture1603 composal1615 composing1873 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lvi. l. 519 For þ^e ton storie the tothir Medlyth withal, After the settyng Of the forseid Robert, That somtym it translated. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 21 Therfore thus after the settynge of mayster Alponse is youre legende red in all places of this order. †4. A sum staked at play; a bet or stake. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > [noun] > stake wedc1330 set1537 setting1540 stake1540 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus iv. iii. sig. Tj All the stakes and settynges that be sette within the dyce borde, whiche lye on lyttell heapes. †5. A set (of stones) with which a surface is ‘set’ or studded. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery of specific shape or form > [noun] > group set in pattern setting1611 locket1655 pavé1871 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxviii. 17 And thou shalt set in it settings of stones [margin, Hebr. fill in it fillings of stone] . View more context for this quotation 6. a. The manner in which a jewel is ‘set’ or mounted; concrete the frame or bed (of precious metal or the like) in which a jewel is set. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > setting ouche1481 collet1528 chase1580 foil1587 enclosing1611 enchasement1651 setting1815 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 192 (note) A very valuable antique ring, the setting of which did not meet his approbation. 1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. ii. Aristocr. Lett. 48 The setting is more valuable than the jewel. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 350/2 There are two systems of setting practised—viz., Roman setting, and what is called colletting. b. transferred and figurative. The environment or surroundings in which a person or thing is ‘set’; the literary framework of a narrative or other composition; the mounting of a play. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > environment, setting, or background setting1841 scenics1842 background1854 milieu1854 environment1855 conditions1856 surroundings1861 medium1865 ambient1902 society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > framework or outline plot1548 setting1841 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds > a surrounding space or area > totality of surroundings or environment circumstancea1340 encompassure1600 environry1600 vironry1600 attendment1646 circumambiency1646 ambience1648 environment1725 circumjacency1751 environ1762 environage1831 setting1841 enshrinement1849 entourage1850 milieu1854 surroundings1861 ambiente1862 mise-en-scène1871 surround1922 Umwelt1964 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > production of performance production1786 mounting1828 setting1885 routining1923 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §8. 30 The connecting links—the framing and setting—of these Revelations. 1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. viii. 315 Mythology has a setting in geography and history. 1885 Manch. Examiner 27 Jan. 5/4 The setting of the piece is charming, and it is quite wonderful how much has been made of a little stage. c. Psychology and Sociology. A person's disposition or cast of mind formed by experience and colouring his behaviour. Also, the immediate environment considered as an influence upon behaviour; spec. an environment designed to create a particular atmosphere, esp. for experiments with mind-affecting drugs. ΚΠ 1914 M. Prince Unconscious x. 311 Antecedent experiences of life..conserved in the unconscious formed a setting that gave the point of view and attitude of mind. 1954 R. G. Barker & H. F. Wright Midwest & its Children iii. 45 A behavior setting has been defined as a standing pattern of behavior and as part of the milieu which are syno~morphic and in which the milieu is circumjacent to the behavior. 1954 R. G. Barker & H. F. Wright Midwest & its Children vi. 223 A day from the life of a child in the settings of a community gives a sample of behavior and habitat that is..limited. 1963 E. Goffman Behaviour in Public Places ii. 21 The same physical space can come to be used as a setting for more than one social occasion, and hence as a locus for more than one set of expectations. 1968 Science 13 Dec. 1236/1 It is necessary to control set and setting... The total environment in which the drug is taken is the setting. 1974 M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. xviii. 341 Among the variables that modify the marijuana response are dosage, route of administration, set, and setting. 7. The manner in which a poem or form of words is set to music; a piece of music composed for a particular poem or form of words. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > musical setting songeOE setting1871 1871 D. G. Rossetti Lett. (1967) III. 923 Dr. Bennett..can publish his setting if he makes no alteration in the words. 1879 Husk in Grove's Dict. Music I. 84/2 Arne gave to the world those beautiful settings of the songs ‘Under the greenwood tree’ [etc.]. 1881 F. J. Crowest Phases Mus. Eng. 93 Settings for the Canticles by modern Church writers. 8. a. Plastering. The finishing coat of plaster, the setting-coat (see Compounds 3, set n.¹ 30a, set v.¹ 99). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > finishing coat stucco1734 intonaco1806 setting coat1812 finish1823 set1823 setting1823 skin coat1897 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 390 The term setting is commonly used, when the third coat is made of fine stuff for papering. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 606 With this tool all the first coats of plaster is laid on, as are also the last, or, as it is technically termed, the setting. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 121/2 Setting may be either a second coat upon laying or rendering, or a third coat upon floating. b. A wash of gum or other suitable material applied to the surface of a pencil, charcoal or crayon drawing to prevent it being rubbed; a fixative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > fixative fixative1870 setting1895 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. 9. a. A crop of fruit developed by fertilizing (see set v.¹ 98). ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > fruit crop fruitage1578 fruitery1708 setting1731 fructuation1782 hit1800 top-crop1889 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Cucumis For Want of which kindly Heat, the first Setting or Crop of Fruit..drops off. b. A clutch (of eggs). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > egg > collective of eggs nidus1734 setting1902 1902 E. Nesbit Five Children & It iii. 85 A setting of Buff Orpington eggs that had not turned out well. 1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling xiv. 140 The setting was hatched. The young quail, each no bigger than the end of his thumb, scattered like small windblown leaves. II. Senses related to intransitive uses of set v.¹ 10. a. The sinking of a heavenly body towards and below the horizon; the quarter or direction in which a heavenly body sets. Also, the fall of night or darkness. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > set setc1386 descensiona1398 settinga1400 resconsing1503 declination?1504 fall1549 retreat1601 obit1656 the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > twilight, dusk, or nightfall nighteOE evengloamOE eveningOE gloamingc1000 darknessa1382 twilighting1387 crepusculum1398 crepusculec1400 darkc1400 twilight1412 sky1515 twinlightc1532 day-going?1552 cockshut1592 shutting1598 blind man's holiday1599 candle-lighting1605 gropsing1606 nightfall1612 dusk1622 torchlighta1656 candlelight1663 crepuscle1665 shut1667 mock-shade1669 close1696 duskish1696 glooma1699 setting1699 dimmit1746 to-fall of the day or night1748 darklins1767 even-close1781 mirkning1790 gloaming-shot1793 darkening1814 bat-flying time1818 gloama1821 between-light1821 settle1822 dayfall1823 evenfall1825 onfall1825 owl-hoot1832 glooming1842 darkfall1884 smokefall1936 dusk-light1937 the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > set > quarter or direction setting1823 a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5508 Þan sewis furth þat souerayn ay by þa salt strandis Toward þe settynge of þe son. 1607 T. Tomkis Lingua iii. vi Setting of stars, chronic, and heliacal. 1639 E. Chilmead tr. R. Hues Learned Treat. Globes xii You shall in like manner have the houre of the setting. 1699 True Relation Sir T. Morgan's Progress France 13 The Major-General reply'd he would fall on just at the setting of the Night, and when the dusk of the Evening came on. a1727 I. Newton Short. Chron. 1st Memory in Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) 15 By observing the Heliacal Risings and Setting of the stars, they found the length of the Solar year. 1823 F. Clissold Narr. Ascent Mont Blanc 22 The sun being now near his setting. 1877 R. Browning tr. Aeschylus Agamemnon 67 The shield-bearing people That made a leap, at setting of the Pleiads. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 226 I haue touch'd the highest point of all my Greatnesse, And from that full Meridian of my Glory, I haste now to my Setting . View more context for this quotation 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi ii. x. 29/2 Upon the setting of Mr. Francis Newman, there arose Mr. William Leet. 1807 W. Wordsworth Ode in Poems II. 150 The Soul that rises with us, our life's Star, Hath had elsewhere it's setting, And cometh from afar. View more context for this quotation 1839 H. W. Longfellow Hyperion I. i. i The setting of a great hope is like the setting of the sun. 11. The process or fact of becoming set, hard, or stiff; coagulation. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > [noun] > process or fact of becoming stiff or hard stiffness1639 setting1791 set1837 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. Addit. Notes xii. 24 The clay becomes as hard as before, being pressed together..by its self-attraction, called setting by the potters. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 456 An almost impenetrable crust may be produced by the quick exhalation of the moisture, and what is termed by farmers the setting of the clay. 1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 312 (Plastering) Setting is also the quality that any kind of stuff has to harden in a short time. 1883 J. T. Taylor Hardwich's Man. Photogr. Chem. (ed. 9) 166 If too much Alcohol be employed, the setting of the Pyroxyline will be..greatly retarded. 1969 Jams, Preserves & Homemade Sweets (Good Housekeeping Libr. Cooking) i. 10 Lemon juice..aids the setting. 1969 Jams, Preserves & Homemade Sweets (Good Housekeeping Libr. Cooking) i. 11 After the sugar has been added, the jam should be watched carefully and tested for setting without undue delay. attributive.1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 610 The coagulating or setting power of burnt alabaster.1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. vii. 52 The alkali decomposes the pyroxyline, rendering it..defective in setting qualities.1963 D. Seton Essent. Mod. Cookery 150 The setting property of jam is due to the presence of pectin in the fruit.1963 D. Seton Essent. Mod. Cookery 151 Setting-point is reached when the jam forms a flake and drops off the spoon cleanly or sharply when shaken. 12. The flowing of a current in a particular direction; the direction of flow. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > direction settingc1595 set1719 c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 52 The settinge of head seas in soe darke a night within soe straight and daingerous a passage. 1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 10 You are to..observe all..Courses of Tides, flowings and settings of Currents. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Current The setting, or progressive motion of the current. 1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xl. 533 It was attempted to explain this appearance, by supposing the setting of a current here from west to east. 1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years VI. iv. 199 That powerful setting of the current of human motive and inclination. Compounds C1. Combinations. a. With various adverbs, as setting-down, setting-forth, setting-in, setting-off, setting-out, setting to: see the corresponding combinations of set v.¹ ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > [noun] > setting out foundingOE partingc1300 outgoing?c1335 buskinga1400 way-gangingc1485 profectiona1538 departure1540 waygoinga1600 way-ganga1628 upcoming1654 outsettinga1698 setting-out1711 1439 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 157 Atte the settyng vp of his Crafte he schal pay ijs. c1480 (a1400) Prol. 6 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 1 As sais ‘þe romance of þe rose’, but settyng to of ony glose. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Hiiii The gallaunt garnishing, & the bewtiful setting furth of it. 1606 F. Bacon Certain Considerations Plantation Ireland in Resuscitatio (1657) i. 259 So that, this must rather be an Adventure, for such as are full; Then a setting up, of those, that are of low Means. 1614 G. Markham Pleasures Princes 52 From his [the Cock's] head to the setting on of his shoulders. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 132. ⁋1 The first preparation for our Setting out was, that the Captain's Half-Pike was placed near the Coachman. 1778 N. B. Halhed Gram. Bengal Lang. Advt. Till the setting in of the dry season. c1800 in Hoyle's Games Improv. (1814) 444 The person appointed..is to tell ten between each setting-to, till one of the two cocks has refused fighting ten times successively. 1845 W. Youatt Dog iii. 82 Their teeth and the setting-up of their backs will confirm this. 1859 ‘The Druid’ Silk & Scarlet iii. 216 We do not just like the setting on of his [a horse's] neck. 1894 J. E. Davis Elem. Mod. Dressmaking (1895) 46 The setting-in of the second sleeve [is] proceeded with. 1942 P. I. Smith Princ. & Processes Light-leather Manuf. v. 161 After dyeing and fat-liquoring the next process is setting-out or striking out, which today is usually done by hand. 1942 W. S. Churchill End of Beginning (1943) 27 It was agreed that I should propose to those concerned the setting-up of a Pacific Council in London. 1953 D. Woodroffe Leather Dressing xiv. 144 Striking out forms an excellent treatment prior to the setting out process. 1959 20th Cent. Nov. 345 The setting-up of an alternative..television service. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio viii. 146 If wear is noticeably accelerated,..rather complicated ways of setting up have to be devised. 1975 G. Bram & C. Downs Manuf. Technol. vi. 168 To assist ‘setting up’, tenon blocks are provided to engage in table slots. 1979 A. B. Emary Woodworking viii. 37 The steps..are setting out, which means making certain full-size drawings—in the trade this is called making a workshop rod, compiling a list of timber required for the job, and placing the necessary marks on the timber from the information on the rod. b. Specific uses: setting-down n. †a siege. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] > a siege assiege1469 leaguer1601 setting-downa1616 obsess1694 wall-fight1850 a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iv. 10 The confident Tyrant Keepes still in Dunsinane, and will indure Our setting downe befor't. View more context for this quotation 1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. E2 They were rather extrusions, then Sieges, or settings downe, for he stayd not long in a place. setting-forth n. †a means of advancement or bringing into celebrity. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > rise in prosperity, power, or rank > occasion or means of stairs1585 stair1596 setting-forth1602 stepping-stone1653 rise1697 lift1711 leg up1871 a step in the right direction1877 a step up1926 fast track1946 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > fame or renown > [noun] > means of setting-forth1602 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. ii. sig. D2 O Ioue, what a setting forth it is to a man, to haue many [printed may] Courtiers com to his house! View more context for this quotation setting-off n. †something that enhances the charm of a thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > [noun] > ornamentation or decoration > an ornament > foil foil1581 set-offa1625 offset1628 setting-offa1640 beauty spot1701 a1640 P. Massinger Guardian ii. v. 72 in 3 New Playes (1655) A Bed-fellow, To whose rare entertainment all these are But foils, and settings off. setting-out n. (a) a working drawing; (b) U.S. = set-out n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > working drawing draught1577 design1624 draft1678 setting-out1848 1848 Ladies' Repository VIII. 337 I think you can afford to give that to Hen and Kate as part of their ‘setting-out’. 1860 J. G. Holland Miss Gilbert's Career vi. 101 There isn't any girl in Crampton that is better educated than she is and there isn't one that will have such a setting-out. 1891 D. Denning Art Cabinet-making 220 The setting out or working drawing may be made on paper. 1900 J. de F. Shelton Salt-box House xxi. 169 Despite the high prices caused by the war, her [bridal] setting-out was not inferior, having its full complement of silver, china..Irish-stitch (damask), [etc.]. setting-up n. U.S. dialect an all-night vigil, esp. one kept by relatives beside the body of a dead person (cf. to set up 37 at set v.¹ Phrasal verbs 2). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > vigil > [noun] watch971 wakingc1175 wakec1200 vigil?1504 pernoctation1633 setting-up1835 1835 C. Gilman Recoll. Southern Matron in Southern Rose 14 Nov. 41/2 This solemnity is usually styled by the negroes ‘a setting up’. 1905 ‘P. Pennington’ Diary 25 Dec. in Woman Rice Planter (1913) viii. 272 All the grown servants have gone to the ‘setting up’, which is one of the strongest articles of their creed..the feeling that they must not be found in their beds on this mysterious night when the King of the world was born. 1949 ‘J. Nelson’ Backwoods Teacher xv. 160 Most of them stayed a few minutes and departed, perhaps leaving one member of the family for the ‘settin'-up’. †c. to cost one the setting on, ? to cost one dear. Also, to cost one (dear) in the setting on. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > high price or rate > [verb (transitive)] > cost (one) high price standc1390 to cost one (dear) in the setting on1594 to pay sauce1659 1594 J. Lyly Mother Bombie ii. v. sig. D4 This good fellowshippe shall cost mee the setting on at our next meeting. 1615 T. Jackson Iustifying Faith iv. ii. viii. 255 Carthages often prouocation of Rome cost it dearer in the setting on, then other Citties vanquished by the Romanes. d. setting-to-rights, the action of putting things in their correct places (on a shelf, etc.). Cf. set v.¹ 25a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > putting in order > putting in order or making tidy redding1450 reding1493 trimming1519 fettling1847 setting-to-rights1847 slicking1855 tidying1867 snugging1886 1847 C. M. Yonge Scenes & Characters xxiii. 284 That wearisome operation, a complete setting-to-rights; Eleanor..extended her cares from the stores to every other household matter. 1911 K. D. Wiggin Mother Carey xiv. 124 Dozens of shelves in odd spaces helped much in the tidy stowing away of household articles... In the midst of all this delightful and cheery setting-to-rights a letter arrived. C2. Attributive, in many names of technical instruments and appliances. Also setting-pole n., setting-stick n. setting-chisel n. ΚΠ 1399 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 18 Magnæ settyng chisiles. setting-dibble n. ΚΠ 1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 28 To handle the scepter, with the same humility of heart..that one would do a setting-dibble. setting-hammer n. ΚΠ 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. ix. 382/1 Tools used by Jewellers... A Setting Hammer. setting-iron n. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Fiche, a gardeners dible, or setting yron. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 186 With what are known as masons' setting-irons stuck into the stone-work behind. setting-knife n. ΚΠ 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 638 The setting-knife [used by glaziers in lead-work] consists of a blade with a round point, loaded with lead at the bottom and terminating in a long square handle. setting-pin n. ΚΠ 1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire I. 144 The setting pin resembles the gardener's dibble. setting-screw n. ΚΠ 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxii. 154 The Use of this Setting-Screw is, to increase or diminish the Proportion of Seed to be turned out by the Notches. setting-trowel n. ΚΠ 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 12 A Setting Trowel, being less than the Laying Trowel, with which they finish the Plastering when it is almost dry. C3. setting-block n. a block used in various technical operations (see quots.). ΚΠ 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 284/1 The barrel is ‘set’ by striking with a hammer or ebonite mallet across a setting block. 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Setting Block, a round-edged block of iron upon which a saw is laid longitudinally during the operation of setting. setting-board n. (a) a board used by glaziers in lead-work (see quot. 1825); (b) a board of wood or cork, usually grooved, for setting insect specimens. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > glass-making equipment > [noun] > other equipment ladle1483 frache1662 paddle1662 strocals1662 basin1728 setting-board1825 cuvette1832 sabre1832 fly-frame1835 chair1845 snapdragon1869 sand-blast1871 parallelometer1887 chevalet1890 harbour1891 hearth1898 frigger1923 drawbar1926 the world > animals > zoology > study of specific types of animal > [noun] > insects > equipment material spreading board1821 setting-board1825 spreader1910 Polyporus1940 electroantennography1973 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 638 The setting-board is that in which the ridge of the light is marked and divided into squares, struck out with a chalk line, or drawn with a lath, which serves to guide the workmen. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. l. 534 The English plan, except in the case of some large-bodied moths or hawk-moths, requires no groove in the setting-board. 1894 W. Furneaux Butterflies & Moths ix. 122 The most important requirement is the setting boards, of which several are necessary. 1976 V. Nabokov Details of Sunset 158 He would first pin the carefully killed insect in the cork-bottomed groove of the setting board. setting-circle n. a graduated circle attached to a telescope for ascertaining the position of a star (1891 in Cent. Dict.). setting coat n. a finishing coat of fine plastering (cf. 8a). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > plaster > [noun] > fine > finishing coat of setting coat1812 skim coat1895 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > finishing coat stucco1734 intonaco1806 setting coat1812 finish1823 set1823 setting1823 skin coat1897 1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 312 Setting Coat. 1916 E. A. Doncaster Limes & Cements xiii. 144 The setting coat..is made of the pure lime as it runs from the basin. 1927 A. H. Telling ABC of Plastering 206 The setting coat should be about one-eighth of an inch thick. setting lotion n. lotion that is applied to the hair in order to assist the process of setting. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [noun] > fixatives bandoline1846 fixature1860 setting lotion1926 lacquer1941 hair-lacquer1943 gel1958 mousse1982 1926 Hairdressing 27 Aug. 181/1 No setting lotion nor dressing of any kind was used. 1941 N. Marsh Death & Dancing Footman ii. 40 She..was met by the..familiar smells of hot hair, setting lotion, and the sachets used in permanent waving. 1977 J. Wilson Making Hate xiii. 157 That thick sweetish smell you always get in ladies' hair~dressers..setting lotion or hairspray. setting-machine n. any of several machines used in certain industries, spec. a machine for setting leather. ΚΠ a1909 Mod. Amer. Tanning 116 Setting machine. setting muzzle n. a muzzle used for preventing a horse from feeding (cf. set v.¹ 26d). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other gear trainel1283 forelock1467 trannet1504 lungec1721 allonge1773 long rein1775 housing1809 bandage1828 ankle boot1835 setting muzzle1835 nosebag1839 foot rope1854 breast-cord1861 safe1875 snubbing-post1875 toggery1877 crib-muzzlea1884 1835 H. Harewood Dict. Sports at Muzzle There are two descriptions of muzzles: 1. the dressing muzzle..2. the setting muzzle. 1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports §1127. 319 A setting muzzle prevents it [sc. wind-sucking in horses] usually. setting-net n. ? a set net n. at set adj.¹ Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun] > net netOE toil1530 setting-net?c1690 ?c1690 Bagford Ball. (1877) 757 This Honourable Covey met, Hodge draws the Members Setting-Net, And gets from all, without regret, Subscriptions. setting-room n. North American dialect = sitting room n. 1. ΚΠ 1741 in H. H. Metcalf & O. G. Hammond Probate Rec. New Hampsh. (1915) III. 30 I give to my Beloved Wife..ye furniture of ye Chamber over our Setting room. 1832 W. D. Williamson Hist. Maine II. xxviii. 703 Our indigenous cherry, black-birch, and curl maple,..were shoved from the parlour and setting-room, to admit articles of foreign mahogany. 1908 J. C. Lincoln Cy Whittaker's Place iii. 38 It's your dad's house come back alive, it is so! Look at this settin' room. setting-rule n. a composing-rule. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > composing equipment > [noun] > setting-rule rule1683 setting-rule1770 1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 376 Having made and secured our measure, we look for a setting Rule. 1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 608/2 A thin slip of brass called a setting-rule, which he places in the composing-stick when he begins. setting-stone n. a stone with which leather is set. ΚΠ 1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 416 It is set out on the grain side with a setting stone. setting stuff n. the fine plaster from which a setting coat is made. ΚΠ 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 785/1 Setting stuff should not be applied until the floating is quite firm and nearly dry, but it must not be too dry or the moisture will be drawn from the setting stuff. 1927 A. H. Telling ABC of Plastering 187 Setting or fine stuff consists of one part of plasterer's putty to two or three parts of sand. 1939 W. Verrall Solid & Fibrous Plastering v. 64 Setting or skimming stuff can be applied in its raw state or an addition of 10 to 15 per cent. of plaster of Paris added. setting-up drill n. a course of gymnastic exercises used to give an erect carriage, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > specific exercises breathing1605 breather1802 arm swing1859 setting-up drill1862 grasshopper march1884 lunge1889 push-up1897 sit-up1900 pull-up1901 deep-breathing1904 bag-punching1927 press-up1928 setting-up exercise1935 pullover1936 bear crawl1937 burpee1939 knee-bend1941 leg raise1944 dip1945 uddiyana1949 squat thrust1950 lateral1954 pull-down1956 aquacise1968 step-up1973 abdominal crunch1981 power walking1982 crunch1983 gut-buster1983 stomach crunch1986 1862 A. Maclaren Milit. Syst. Gymnastic Exerc. 26 The setting up and position drill of recruits. setting-up exercise n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > specific exercises breathing1605 breather1802 arm swing1859 setting-up drill1862 grasshopper march1884 lunge1889 push-up1897 sit-up1900 pull-up1901 deep-breathing1904 bag-punching1927 press-up1928 setting-up exercise1935 pullover1936 bear crawl1937 burpee1939 knee-bend1941 leg raise1944 dip1945 uddiyana1949 squat thrust1950 lateral1954 pull-down1956 aquacise1968 step-up1973 abdominal crunch1981 power walking1982 crunch1983 gut-buster1983 stomach crunch1986 1935 O. Nash Primrose Path 37 A few setting-up exercises. 1970 Soviet Weekly 25 Apr. 2 He gets up at half past five, does a few setting-up exercises, takes a bath, has breakfast, goes for a walk before starting work. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). settingn.² Forms: Also 1500s settein, 1600s–1800s setten, 1800s settin, setteen. Etymology: < Old Norse séttung-r sixth part, < sétte sixth. Orkney and Shetland. A unit of weight in the Orkney and Shetland Isles; the sixth part of a ‘meal’ (meal n.⁴); identical with the lispound n. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > units in Orkney and Shetland meil1536 lispound1545 mark1577 setting1577 1577 in D. Balfour Oppress. 16th Cent. Orkney & Zetland (1859) 72 Ane barrell of malt of nyne setteins wecht. 1588 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1901) XXI. 390 Selling..63 lastis 23,003 settingis 4 marks coist, 125 lasts 1002 settingis beir, 95 lastis 1004 settingis flesche. 1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 370 A Young Boy..stole a setten of Barley, which is about twenty eight Pound Weight. 1814 J. Shirreff Gen. View Agric. Shetland 159 Twenty-four marks make a settin or lispund... Six settins or lispunds make a meil. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020). settingadj. Brit. /ˈsɛtɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsɛdɪŋ/ Etymology: < set v.¹ + -ing suffix². That sets, in various senses of the verb. 1. Becoming, suitable, graceful. Obsolete exc. Scottish. Cf. sitting adj. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [adjective] > seemly or proper seemly?c1225 comelya1350 seemc1400 ablea1500 setting1535 decent1545 civil1582 proper1738 gradely1763 decorous1792 nice1799 correctc1800 proprietous1815 the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > pleasing fitness > [adjective] > seemly or decorous seemly?c1225 comelya1350 seemc1400 setting1535 comingc1540 decent1545 civil1582 handsome1583 mensefula1598 sprunt1631 semblable1647 proper1738 orthodox1755 decorous1792 comme il faut1818 wise-like1820 1535 Goodly Prymer in Eng. To Rdr. sig. A.iv^v It is not mete, comely, nor settynge, y^t in our prayers, we shulde make a god & sauiour of any saynt in heuen. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 45 Says she, that lad was a' her care, That was sae setting, wi' his yellow hair. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 89 The ither too was a right setting lass, But forthersome. 2. Of a dog: That sets or indicates game. See also setting dog n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [adjective] restayeda1425 setting1551 retrieving1634 scenting1749 tying1781 break-covert1820 roadingc1880 1551 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 71 To my brother Rayff Thompsone my setting spanyell doge, with all netts and geyr pertenyng to it. 1687 London Gaz. No. 2275/4 Lost.., a large Setting-Bitch about 4 years old. 3. Of a hen: Sitting. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [adjective] > of or like a hen > sitting setting1829 1829 A. M. Hall Sketches Irish Char. II. 29 Mr. Billy..sent her a setting hen and seven eggs. 1879 W. D. Howells Lady of Aroostook (1883) II. 14 A ship's time is worth no more than a setting hen's. 4. a. Sinking below or nearing the horizon; said of the sun or other heavenly body, its light, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [adjective] > setting descendanta1522 setting1597 occidual1635 occiduous1656 descensional1728 declinant1893 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 12 The setting Sunne. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 436 When the setting Stars are lost in Day. 1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 9 His Shadow lengthen'd by the setting Sun. 1798 W. Wordsworth Lines Tintern Abbey in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 207 Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xix. 63 A flush like evening's setting flame Glow'd on his cheek. 1882 Sir W. W. Hunter in F. H. Skrine Life Sir W. W. Hunter (1901) 314 By the light of a setting half-moon. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres ii. i. sig. G2 All turn'd their faces to the rising sunne And leaues his setting-fortune night begun. a1639 H. Wotton Earle of Essex & Duke of Buckingham: Parallel in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 11 First, he was to wrastle with a Queens declyning, or rather with her very setting [1641 setling] Age (as we may term it). 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall v. 73 We whose generations are ordained in this setting part of time. 1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. i. 4 That important period, when chivalry still shone with a setting ray, soon about to be totally obscured. †c. transferred. Western. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > West > [adjective] westwardeOE westOE westerOE westernOE occidentalc1400 Occidenta1500 Hesperiana1547 westerly1549 westenc1550 westernly1575 westernlyc1595 setting1612 westwardly1651 ponent1667 westing1669 westlin1720 occasive1802 westland1818 westwards1838 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion v. 80 The Flemings were inforc't to take them to their Ores, To trie the Setting Maine to find out firmer shores. 1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxix. 151 Yorkshire which doth lye vpon my Setting side. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. vii. 305 Magnifying the condition of..the Easterne Countries, above the setting and occidentall Climates. View more context for this quotation 5. a. Of fruit: Beginning to develop from the flower. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [adjective] > developing setting1891 1891 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 438 The setting plums or apples. b. Of jam, etc.: coagulating; in the process of becoming hard or stiff. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [adjective] > becoming set (of jam or jelly) setting1969 1969 Jams, Preserves & Homemade Sweets (Good Housekeeping Libr. Cooking) ii. 38 Poor setting fruits can be combined with the better ones to give added colour or flavour. 1974 M. Lindlaw Super Sweets & Puddings 53 Make up the Dream Topping..or whisk the cream until it begins to thicken. Whisk into the setting jelly. 6. With adverbs, down, in, up, etc. (see the verb). ΚΠ 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 413 Here the sea has formed caverns, which are rendered dreadful by a setting-in tide. 1874 A. Hislop Bk. Sc. Anecd. 514 ‘Did ye ever hear a cuddie bray, Hawkie’, said a youth to him one day... ‘Never till the noo,’ was the setting-down and quick answer. ?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 51 Type Founding... Setting-up Boy. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas ˈsetting ˈsetting n.² ΚΠ 1953 Organ. Comprehensive Secondary Schools (London County Council) 14 A practicable arrangement would be to re-set only across three adjacent forms. ‘Setting’ in this way would not determine the rate at which each set would work. 1957 B. Simon New Trends in Eng. Educ. ii. 46 I will not ask the reader to follow me in the intricacies of fifth-year setting. 1973 Morrison & McIntyre Teachers & Teaching (ed. 2) iii. 126 There is reason to believe that the practise of ‘setting’— different streaming for each of several subjects—reduces these effects. extracted from setv.² < n.¹a1398n.²1577adj.1535 as lemmas
随便看	the top and tail of something the top and the bottom of something the top of one's bent the top of the morning the total abstinence pledge the tother the tother , etc the tother day, etc the touch the tour the tower the town and field of the townward the townwards the tracts the trade of noverint the traffic will bear the traffic will stand the transcendent the trembles the trilateral commission the trim the triple tiara the triumph of mind over matter the trojan war

settingn.1

Compounds

settingn.2

settingadj.

> as lemmas

settingn.¹

settingn.²