blockaden.

Brit.

/blɒˈkeɪd/,

/bləˈkeɪd/, U.S.

/ˌblɑˈkeɪd/

Forms:

α. 1600s blockada, 1600s–1700s blockado.

β. 1600s blockad, 1600s– blockade, 1600s–1700s blocade, 1600s–1700s bloccade, 1700s blocquad.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Dutch lexical item, or perhaps modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: block v., -ade suffix.

Etymology: < block v. + -ade suffix, probably after early modern Dutch blocquade (1663; now blokkade) or German Blockade (mid 17th cent.).Compare French blocus fortification erected by a hostile force to cut off communications with a place it has surrounded (1376 in Middle French (Walloon) as blochus ), sealing off a place to prevent communications and access (1663; < Middle Dutch blochuus (Dutch blochuis ) fort < bloc block n. + huus house n.¹). With the α. forms compare -ado suffix and discussion at -ade suffix.

1. Originally Military. An act or means of sealing off a place in order to prevent supplies or people from entering or leaving; esp. the blocking of a harbour or patrolling of a coast by an enemy navy. Now also: the blocking of a road or other route as a civilian protest. Cf. siege n. 6a.air blockade, pacific blockade, paper blockade: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun]

sieginga1382

besieging1382

siegec1385

pursuitc1425

obsidionc1429

assizec1430

assieginga1450

sitting down1495

obsession1548

besiege1552

besiegement1564

assiegement1577

investion1590

investing1597

beleaguering1603

blocking1637

investiture1649

blockade1659

begirting1660

investment1702

beleaguerment1826

1659 Occurr. Forraigne Parts No. 42. 482 Those of Stetin having made a sally out with 1200 men into the quarters of the Emperialists, taking and ruining several Canes with provisions, thereby the siege is turned into a Blockada.

1670 R. Manley Hist. Late Warres in Denmark i. 39 It was resolved to engage the Enemies again, but they having secured themselves in Lanskrown, the design was changed into a Blockade.

1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely iii. 55 This Blockade [Fr. ce blocus] was turn'd into a formal Siege in the beginning of March.

1728 J. Swift Intelligencer (1729) ix. 87 What a Figure he would make at a Siege or Blockade, or Rencountring.

1775 R. Montgomery in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 485 Were a blockade alone to be the measure adopted.

1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VI. 349 To induce him to raise the blockade of La Puebla.

1885 Times 20 Feb. 5/1 The coast is really only patrolled at intervals. The use of the word ‘blockade’ is, therefore, an abuse of the term.

1915 G. Lee Diary 18 Feb. in Home Fires Burning (2006) 85 Today is the first day of the Blockade of England by Germany! The cross-channel service to France is suspended, to give time for all our destroyers to be ready to escort our transport across.

1962 Sat. Evening Post 8 Dec. 20/1 The hawks favored an air strike to eliminate the Cuban missile bases... The doves opposed the air strikes and favored a blockade.

1995 Vancouver Sun 2 Sept. a 4/1 The B.C. Supreme Court has ordered Gitxsan native Indians to lift their blockade of a road into a logging area and has told the provincial government to hold more consultations with the aboriginals over their concerns.

2012 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Apr. a6/3 The flotillas of boats..have challenged Israel's naval blockade of Gaza.

a. Any (physical or immaterial) barrier or obstruction; (U.S.) spec. (a) a stoppage or obstruction on a railway; (b) a barrier on a river.ice blockade: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle

hinderc1200

withsetting1340

obstaclec1385

traversea1393

mara1400

bayc1440

stoppagec1450

barrace1480

blocka1500

objecta1500

clog1526

stumbling-stone1526

bar1530

(to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548

stumbling-stock1548

hindrance1576

a log in one's way1579

crossbar1582

log1589

rub1589

threshold1600

scotch1601

dam1602

remora1604

obex1611

obstructiona1616

stumbling-blocka1616

fence1639

affront1642

retardance1645

stick1645

balk1660

obstruent1669

blockade1683

sprun1684

spoke1689

cross cause1696

uncomplaisance1707

barrier1712

obstruct1747

dike1770

abatis1808

underbrush1888

bunker1900

bump1909

sprag1914

hurdle1924

headwind1927

mudhole1933

monkey wrench1937

roadblock1945

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > stoppage by snow or accident

blockade1856

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > in a river

heck1424

flota1777

blockade1871

1683 T. Long Vindic. Primitive Christians 128 I shall desire the Reader patiently to look on, while I remove those few Blockadoes which our Author hath laid in my way.

1688 Addr. to Archbishop of Canterbury upon Petition 11 As to your fear that Popery will be propagated more effectually by taking off the Test and Penal Laws, by this Act, I do not see you have made any great Blockade to it.

1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 185 Broad hats, and Hoods, and caps, a sable Shoal: Thick and more thick the black blockade extends.

1833 T. B. Macaulay Horace Walpole in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 235 The blockades laid by the Duke of A. to the hearts of the Marquise de B. and the Comtesse de C.

1856 N.Y. Herald 8 Jan. 1/4 The railroads are being slowly relieved from the blockade of snow.

1865 St. Bartholomew's Hosp. Rep. 1 139 The causes of the local congestions and suppurations in pyæmia may therefore be thus classified... A blockade produced by the impaction of solid particles [etc.].

1871 Game Laws (N.-Carolina) in Fur, Fin & Feather (1872) 153 It shall not be lawful for any person to draw a seine..between the blockade near Hill's Point..and the falls at Wm. S. Battle's factory.

1910 N.Y. Evening Post 13 Dec. 3 When a drawbar on the middle car of a third Avenue elevated train broke..a long blockade began.

1925 Times 18 Aug. 11/4 What the Aga Company is really confronted by is a financial blockade.

2011 J. Lethem Ecstacy of Infl. iii. 131 It was wonderful..to feel oneself surrounded and protected by a blockade of solid and impenetrable bodies.

b. Pharmacology. Abolition or inhibition of the transmission of nerve impulses by the administration of a pharmacological agent; prevention of the binding of a neurotransmitter or other substance to a receptor; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1949 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 620/1 Parasympathetic blockade leads to inhibition of gastric secretion and motility.

1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 107/1 Long-lasting blockade can also produce cellular ‘leaking’ of dopamine from the presynaptic releasing neuron.

1982 M. T. Tsuang Schizophrenia vi. 40 These symptoms can be relieved by the blockade of the dopamine receptors.

2013 Atlantic Jan. 52/1 Rocuronium disconnects the brain from the muscles, creating a neuromuscular blockade, also known as paralysis.

†3. British. A force employed to patrol an area of the coast in order to prevent smuggling. Obsolete.As an official designation, short for Coast Blockade Service (cf. coast-blockade n. at coast n. Compounds 2).Recorded earliest in blockade man n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for siege or blockade

leaguer1577

blockade1821

1821 Observer 1 Apr. Three or four more of the blockade men came running down from the watchhouse on the beach.

1831 Atlas 20 Mar. 185/3 Some of the chief officers of the blockade are to get appointments to ships as they become vacant.

1882 C. Fleet Glimpses Ancestors 1st Ser. 84 The chief boatman of the Blockade was killed.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1808 Anti-Jacobin Rev. & Mag. 28 457 This manufactory must be soon stoped by the present blockade system, although it is one of the principal in France.

1818 H. Wheaton Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 3 190 The blockade force is not in possession of the vessels inclosed in the harbour, but it acts upon and restrains them.

1831 Rep. House of Representatives U.S. 5 33 American vessels were declared to be exempted from the operation of the letter of the blockade laws.

1863 C. C. Hopley Life in South I. xx. 425 From this point we could easily distinguish the Federal blockade ships at the mouth of the river.

1904 N.Y. Times 5 May 3 After it had become known that the system was paralysed ‘blockade signs’ were hung out at all the stations.

1967 S. G. Payne Politics & Mil. Mod. Spain xviii. 359 German and Italian bombers helped to scatter the blockade fleet temporarily.

1990 Jrnl. Developmental Physiol. 14 44/1 Heart rate was measured in three blockade conditions.

2003 Independent 24 June (Review section) 2/4 Morrison loaned a boat to the Tasmanian Wilderness Society (TWS), the blockade organisers, donating fuel and the skipper's wages.

C2.

blockade man n. British (now historical) a member of a force employed to prevent smuggling; cf. sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > one who guards the coast

blockman1570

blockade man1821

coastguard-man1848

gobby1883

1821Blockade men [see sense 3].

1882 C. Fleet Glimpses Ancestors 1st Ser. 82 Constant conflicts between the blockade-men and the smugglers.

2001 P. Hastings in F. Lansberry Govt. & Politics in Kent, 1640–1914 iv. 117 At Ramsgate the authorities were strengthened by ‘blockade men’.

blockade run n. an attempt to pass through a blockade.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > [noun] > blockade running

blockade running1847

blockade run1863

1863 St. James's Mag. Oct. 346 My first and last blockade run.

1917 Barrel & Box June 40/1 The vessel has been in the lumber trade, but had made several blockade runs.

2010 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 6 June 13 The decision of the ‘Free Gaza Movement’ to go ahead with the second blockade run yesterday actually played into Israel's hands.

blockade running n. the action or practice of attempting to pass through a blockade or blockades; an instance of this; cf. run v. 23b.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > [noun] > blockade running

blockade running1847

blockade run1863

1847 Morning Chron. 12 Nov. 3/3 Merchants who all their lives have been accustomed to an open trade under the British flag, do not at once become reconciled to, or handy at, a blockade running.

1921 S. E. Forman Adv. Amer. Hist. xxxix. 472 A chief commercial activity in the South during the war consisted in blockade-running.

2010 Daily Gleaner (New Brunswick) (Nexis) 29 June c7 The..reason for the flotilla's blockade running was not to bring humanitarian supplies.

blockade runner n. now chiefly historical a vessel which runs or attempts to run into a blockaded port; (also) the owner, master, or one of the crew of such a vessel.Esp. with reference to the American Civil War (1861–5), during which many British ships were engaged in running the blockade of Richmond and other Southern ports.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > [noun] > blockade-runner

runner1814

blockade runner1862

1862 N. Amer. & U.S. Gaz. 7 Mar. The blockade runners who infest out ports.

1878 N. Amer. Rev. 127 381 The English blockade-runners passed through the American blockading squadron.

1944 Flying Oct. 252/1 The entire crew were to be lost on this patrol mission after tangling with the guns of one of the German blockade runners.

1995 P. Jenkins Along Edge of Amer. xxxiv. 223 His great-great-grandfather had been a master of sailing ships and a bar pilot, considered to be the best blockade runner of the Civil War.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

blockadev.

Brit.

/blɒˈkeɪd/,

/bləˈkeɪd/, U.S.

/ˌblɑˈkeɪd/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: blockade n.

Etymology: < blockade n.

1. transitive. Originally Military. To seal off (a place, esp. a port) as an act of war; to subject to a blockade. Now also: to prevent access to (a place) as a civilian protest.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)]

belieOE

besita1100

beset?c1225

assiege1297

besiege1297

belayc1320

umsiegea1325

ensiegec1380

environa1382

to set before1382

siege1390

forset?a1400

foldc1400

setc1400

to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449

oppugn?a1475

pursue1488

obsess1503

ferma1522

gird1548

begird1589

beleaguer1590

block1591

invest1591

intermure1606

blockade1684

to lay blockade to1713

leaguer1720

to form the siege1776

cerne1857

1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus v. 95 To quarter round about Caminiec, and strictly Blockade that place.

1714 Earl of Balcarres Acct. Affairs Scotl. 70 Those who were set to Blockade the Castle.

1781 T. Jefferson Corr. in Wks. (1859) I. 299 The enemy are..blockaded by land.

1832 W. Macgillivray Trav. & Researches A. von Humboldt xx. 294 The port was..strictly blockaded.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xliii. 289 A state cannot blockade its own ports.

1914 Washington Post 7 June 1/7 The Huerta gunboats Zaragoza and Bravo are now on their way to Tampico either to blockade the port or bombard the city.

1958 S. Runciman Sicilian Vespers ii. 35 Manfred was able to blockade the papalists throughout the summer months till they were threatened with starvation.

1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 11 Apr. a 3/3 The anti-abortion activists were kept from blockading the clinic by..abortion rights supporters.

2000 Wall St. Jrnl. 21 Apr. a14/2 China is developing a blue-water navy that will be able to blockade Taiwan's ports and bring the economy to its knees.

2. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To obstruct, block up or off. Cf. blockade n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up

fordita800

forstop?c1225

estopa1420

accloy1422

ferma1522

clam1527

quar1542

cloy1548

dam1553

occlude1581

clog1586

impeach1586

bung1589

gravel1602

impediment1610

stifle1631

foul1642

obstipate1656

obturate1657

choke1669

blockade1696

to flop up1838

jama1865

to ball up1884

gunge1976

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage

forsetc900

withseta1300

stop13..

speara1325

withsperre1330

to stop one's way1338

shut1362

forbara1375

beseta1400

stopc1400

precludea1513

interclude1526

to shut up1526

forestall1528

fence1535

hedge1535

quar1542

foreclose1548

forestop1566

to flounder up1576

obstruct1578

bar1590

retrench1590

to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596

barricade1606

barricado1611

thwartc1630

blocka1644

overthwart1654

rebarricado1655

to choke up1673

blockade1696

embarrass1735

snow1816

roadblock1950

1696 A. Monro Enq. into New Opinions 8 The Avenues of Mens Souls are blockaded by passion and prejudices.

1733 A. Pope Of Use of Riches 3 Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door.

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 19 When contending chiefs blockade the throne, Contracting regal power to stretch their own.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xiv. 217 All precautions to blockade his view were..abandoned.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. i. xix. 203 Every avenue to the hall was blockaded.

1872 1st Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1871–2 24 An exceedingly severe snow storm..completely blockaded many of the roads.

1912 A. C. Ray Brentons xv. 180 He ought to be able to blockade his mind to any speculations.

2005 Evening Herald (Plymouth) (Nexis) 6 Feb. 1 The filling station would only face problems if the city continued to be blockaded by snow on transport routes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	blockade
释义	blockaden. Brit. /blɒˈkeɪd/, /bləˈkeɪd/, U.S. /ˌblɑˈkeɪd/ Forms: α. 1600s blockada, 1600s–1700s blockado. β. 1600s blockad, 1600s– blockade, 1600s–1700s blocade, 1600s–1700s bloccade, 1700s blocquad. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Dutch lexical item, or perhaps modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: block v., -ade suffix. Etymology: < block v. + -ade suffix, probably after early modern Dutch blocquade (1663; now blokkade) or German Blockade (mid 17th cent.).Compare French blocus fortification erected by a hostile force to cut off communications with a place it has surrounded (1376 in Middle French (Walloon) as blochus ), sealing off a place to prevent communications and access (1663; < Middle Dutch blochuus (Dutch blochuis ) fort < bloc block n. + huus house n.¹). With the α. forms compare -ado suffix and discussion at -ade suffix. 1. Originally Military. An act or means of sealing off a place in order to prevent supplies or people from entering or leaving; esp. the blocking of a harbour or patrolling of a coast by an enemy navy. Now also: the blocking of a road or other route as a civilian protest. Cf. siege n. 6a.air blockade, pacific blockade, paper blockade: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] sieginga1382 besieging1382 siegec1385 pursuitc1425 obsidionc1429 assizec1430 assieginga1450 sitting down1495 obsession1548 besiege1552 besiegement1564 assiegement1577 investion1590 investing1597 beleaguering1603 blocking1637 investiture1649 blockade1659 begirting1660 investment1702 beleaguerment1826 1659 Occurr. Forraigne Parts No. 42. 482 Those of Stetin having made a sally out with 1200 men into the quarters of the Emperialists, taking and ruining several Canes with provisions, thereby the siege is turned into a Blockada. 1670 R. Manley Hist. Late Warres in Denmark i. 39 It was resolved to engage the Enemies again, but they having secured themselves in Lanskrown, the design was changed into a Blockade. 1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely iii. 55 This Blockade [Fr. ce blocus] was turn'd into a formal Siege in the beginning of March. 1728 J. Swift Intelligencer (1729) ix. 87 What a Figure he would make at a Siege or Blockade, or Rencountring. 1775 R. Montgomery in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 485 Were a blockade alone to be the measure adopted. 1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VI. 349 To induce him to raise the blockade of La Puebla. 1885 Times 20 Feb. 5/1 The coast is really only patrolled at intervals. The use of the word ‘blockade’ is, therefore, an abuse of the term. 1915 G. Lee Diary 18 Feb. in Home Fires Burning (2006) 85 Today is the first day of the Blockade of England by Germany! The cross-channel service to France is suspended, to give time for all our destroyers to be ready to escort our transport across. 1962 Sat. Evening Post 8 Dec. 20/1 The hawks favored an air strike to eliminate the Cuban missile bases... The doves opposed the air strikes and favored a blockade. 1995 Vancouver Sun 2 Sept. a 4/1 The B.C. Supreme Court has ordered Gitxsan native Indians to lift their blockade of a road into a logging area and has told the provincial government to hold more consultations with the aboriginals over their concerns. 2012 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Apr. a6/3 The flotillas of boats..have challenged Israel's naval blockade of Gaza. 2. a. Any (physical or immaterial) barrier or obstruction; (U.S.) spec. (a) a stoppage or obstruction on a railway; (b) a barrier on a river.ice blockade: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > stoppage by snow or accident blockade1856 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > in a river heck1424 flota1777 blockade1871 1683 T. Long Vindic. Primitive Christians 128 I shall desire the Reader patiently to look on, while I remove those few Blockadoes which our Author hath laid in my way. 1688 Addr. to Archbishop of Canterbury upon Petition 11 As to your fear that Popery will be propagated more effectually by taking off the Test and Penal Laws, by this Act, I do not see you have made any great Blockade to it. 1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 185 Broad hats, and Hoods, and caps, a sable Shoal: Thick and more thick the black blockade extends. 1833 T. B. Macaulay Horace Walpole in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 235 The blockades laid by the Duke of A. to the hearts of the Marquise de B. and the Comtesse de C. 1856 N.Y. Herald 8 Jan. 1/4 The railroads are being slowly relieved from the blockade of snow. 1865 St. Bartholomew's Hosp. Rep. 1 139 The causes of the local congestions and suppurations in pyæmia may therefore be thus classified... A blockade produced by the impaction of solid particles [etc.]. 1871 Game Laws (N.-Carolina) in Fur, Fin & Feather (1872) 153 It shall not be lawful for any person to draw a seine..between the blockade near Hill's Point..and the falls at Wm. S. Battle's factory. 1910 N.Y. Evening Post 13 Dec. 3 When a drawbar on the middle car of a third Avenue elevated train broke..a long blockade began. 1925 Times 18 Aug. 11/4 What the Aga Company is really confronted by is a financial blockade. 2011 J. Lethem Ecstacy of Infl. iii. 131 It was wonderful..to feel oneself surrounded and protected by a blockade of solid and impenetrable bodies. b. Pharmacology. Abolition or inhibition of the transmission of nerve impulses by the administration of a pharmacological agent; prevention of the binding of a neurotransmitter or other substance to a receptor; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1949 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 620/1 Parasympathetic blockade leads to inhibition of gastric secretion and motility. 1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 107/1 Long-lasting blockade can also produce cellular ‘leaking’ of dopamine from the presynaptic releasing neuron. 1982 M. T. Tsuang Schizophrenia vi. 40 These symptoms can be relieved by the blockade of the dopamine receptors. 2013 Atlantic Jan. 52/1 Rocuronium disconnects the brain from the muscles, creating a neuromuscular blockade, also known as paralysis. †3. British. A force employed to patrol an area of the coast in order to prevent smuggling. Obsolete.As an official designation, short for Coast Blockade Service (cf. coast-blockade n. at coast n. Compounds 2).Recorded earliest in blockade man n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for siege or blockade leaguer1577 blockade1821 1821 Observer 1 Apr. Three or four more of the blockade men came running down from the watchhouse on the beach. 1831 Atlas 20 Mar. 185/3 Some of the chief officers of the blockade are to get appointments to ships as they become vacant. 1882 C. Fleet Glimpses Ancestors 1st Ser. 84 The chief boatman of the Blockade was killed. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1808 Anti-Jacobin Rev. & Mag. 28 457 This manufactory must be soon stoped by the present blockade system, although it is one of the principal in France. 1818 H. Wheaton Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 3 190 The blockade force is not in possession of the vessels inclosed in the harbour, but it acts upon and restrains them. 1831 Rep. House of Representatives U.S. 5 33 American vessels were declared to be exempted from the operation of the letter of the blockade laws. 1863 C. C. Hopley Life in South I. xx. 425 From this point we could easily distinguish the Federal blockade ships at the mouth of the river. 1904 N.Y. Times 5 May 3 After it had become known that the system was paralysed ‘blockade signs’ were hung out at all the stations. 1967 S. G. Payne Politics & Mil. Mod. Spain xviii. 359 German and Italian bombers helped to scatter the blockade fleet temporarily. 1990 Jrnl. Developmental Physiol. 14 44/1 Heart rate was measured in three blockade conditions. 2003 Independent 24 June (Review section) 2/4 Morrison loaned a boat to the Tasmanian Wilderness Society (TWS), the blockade organisers, donating fuel and the skipper's wages. C2. blockade man n. British (now historical) a member of a force employed to prevent smuggling; cf. sense 3. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > one who guards the coast blockman1570 blockade man1821 coastguard-man1848 gobby1883 1821Blockade men [see sense 3]. 1882 C. Fleet Glimpses Ancestors 1st Ser. 82 Constant conflicts between the blockade-men and the smugglers. 2001 P. Hastings in F. Lansberry Govt. & Politics in Kent, 1640–1914 iv. 117 At Ramsgate the authorities were strengthened by ‘blockade men’. blockade run n. an attempt to pass through a blockade. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > [noun] > blockade running blockade running1847 blockade run1863 1863 St. James's Mag. Oct. 346 My first and last blockade run. 1917 Barrel & Box June 40/1 The vessel has been in the lumber trade, but had made several blockade runs. 2010 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 6 June 13 The decision of the ‘Free Gaza Movement’ to go ahead with the second blockade run yesterday actually played into Israel's hands. blockade running n. the action or practice of attempting to pass through a blockade or blockades; an instance of this; cf. run v. 23b. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > [noun] > blockade running blockade running1847 blockade run1863 1847 Morning Chron. 12 Nov. 3/3 Merchants who all their lives have been accustomed to an open trade under the British flag, do not at once become reconciled to, or handy at, a blockade running. 1921 S. E. Forman Adv. Amer. Hist. xxxix. 472 A chief commercial activity in the South during the war consisted in blockade-running. 2010 Daily Gleaner (New Brunswick) (Nexis) 29 June c7 The..reason for the flotilla's blockade running was not to bring humanitarian supplies. blockade runner n. now chiefly historical a vessel which runs or attempts to run into a blockaded port; (also) the owner, master, or one of the crew of such a vessel.Esp. with reference to the American Civil War (1861–5), during which many British ships were engaged in running the blockade of Richmond and other Southern ports. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > [noun] > blockade-runner runner1814 blockade runner1862 1862 N. Amer. & U.S. Gaz. 7 Mar. The blockade runners who infest out ports. 1878 N. Amer. Rev. 127 381 The English blockade-runners passed through the American blockading squadron. 1944 Flying Oct. 252/1 The entire crew were to be lost on this patrol mission after tangling with the guns of one of the German blockade runners. 1995 P. Jenkins Along Edge of Amer. xxxiv. 223 His great-great-grandfather had been a master of sailing ships and a bar pilot, considered to be the best blockade runner of the Civil War. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). blockadev. Brit. /blɒˈkeɪd/, /bləˈkeɪd/, U.S. /ˌblɑˈkeɪd/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: blockade n. Etymology: < blockade n. 1. transitive. Originally Military. To seal off (a place, esp. a port) as an act of war; to subject to a blockade. Now also: to prevent access to (a place) as a civilian protest. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)] belieOE besita1100 beset?c1225 assiege1297 besiege1297 belayc1320 umsiegea1325 ensiegec1380 environa1382 to set before1382 siege1390 forset?a1400 foldc1400 setc1400 to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449 oppugn?a1475 pursue1488 obsess1503 ferma1522 gird1548 begird1589 beleaguer1590 block1591 invest1591 intermure1606 blockade1684 to lay blockade to1713 leaguer1720 to form the siege1776 cerne1857 1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus v. 95 To quarter round about Caminiec, and strictly Blockade that place. 1714 Earl of Balcarres Acct. Affairs Scotl. 70 Those who were set to Blockade the Castle. 1781 T. Jefferson Corr. in Wks. (1859) I. 299 The enemy are..blockaded by land. 1832 W. Macgillivray Trav. & Researches A. von Humboldt xx. 294 The port was..strictly blockaded. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xliii. 289 A state cannot blockade its own ports. 1914 Washington Post 7 June 1/7 The Huerta gunboats Zaragoza and Bravo are now on their way to Tampico either to blockade the port or bombard the city. 1958 S. Runciman Sicilian Vespers ii. 35 Manfred was able to blockade the papalists throughout the summer months till they were threatened with starvation. 1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 11 Apr. a 3/3 The anti-abortion activists were kept from blockading the clinic by..abortion rights supporters. 2000 Wall St. Jrnl. 21 Apr. a14/2 China is developing a blue-water navy that will be able to blockade Taiwan's ports and bring the economy to its knees. 2. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To obstruct, block up or off. Cf. blockade n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up fordita800 forstop?c1225 estopa1420 accloy1422 ferma1522 clam1527 quar1542 cloy1548 dam1553 occlude1581 clog1586 impeach1586 bung1589 gravel1602 impediment1610 stifle1631 foul1642 obstipate1656 obturate1657 choke1669 blockade1696 to flop up1838 jama1865 to ball up1884 gunge1976 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage forsetc900 withseta1300 stop13.. speara1325 withsperre1330 to stop one's way1338 shut1362 forbara1375 beseta1400 stopc1400 precludea1513 interclude1526 to shut up1526 forestall1528 fence1535 hedge1535 quar1542 foreclose1548 forestop1566 to flounder up1576 obstruct1578 bar1590 retrench1590 to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596 barricade1606 barricado1611 thwartc1630 blocka1644 overthwart1654 rebarricado1655 to choke up1673 blockade1696 embarrass1735 snow1816 roadblock1950 1696 A. Monro Enq. into New Opinions 8 The Avenues of Mens Souls are blockaded by passion and prejudices. 1733 A. Pope Of Use of Riches 3 Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door. 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 19 When contending chiefs blockade the throne, Contracting regal power to stretch their own. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xiv. 217 All precautions to blockade his view were..abandoned. View more context for this quotation 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. i. xix. 203 Every avenue to the hall was blockaded. 1872 1st Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1871–2 24 An exceedingly severe snow storm..completely blockaded many of the roads. 1912 A. C. Ray Brentons xv. 180 He ought to be able to blockade his mind to any speculations. 2005 Evening Herald (Plymouth) (Nexis) 6 Feb. 1 The filling station would only face problems if the city continued to be blockaded by snow on transport routes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1659v.1684
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