单词 | adjustment |
释义 | adjustmentn. 1. a. The action or process of adjusting something (in various senses). Also: an instance of this; an alteration, a modification. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > putting in order well-ordering1531 composition1598 composal1615 adjustment1644 classification1772 categorization1886 the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > [noun] commodation1578 justing1582 suiting1601 adaptation1610 adapting1610 accommodation1612 adaption1615 adjustment1644 contemperation1654 squaring1702 adaptment1786 adjustage1819 the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > [noun] > in order to conform > to a standard or purpose reductionc1443 temper?1523 adjustment1644 adjustation1669 the world > action or operation > behaviour > adaptability to circumstances > [noun] accommodableness1663 adaptation1787 accommodativeness1834 appliancy1836 adaptivity1840 adaptativeness1841 adaptiveness1863 adjustment1881 the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > putting in order > giving orderly structure to something > systematizing systematizing1752 systemizing1772 systematization1817 codifying1825 systemization1828 codification1848 adjustment1881 1644 H. Parker Jus Populi 60 Fit for that adjustment of time, and other circumstances. 1678 Spanish Hist. ii. 92 There arose new difficulties in the adjustment of our troubles. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. v. 93 The first full overt Act of Irregularity, might unsettle the Adjustments, and alter the Proportions, which formed it. 1787 G. Adams Ess. Microscope iii. 113 These microscopes are sometimes fitted up with a toothed rack and pinion, for the more ready adjustment of the glasses to their proper focus. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xix. 287 The rest of the apparel required little adjustment . View more context for this quotation 1881 R. Routledge Pop. Hist. Sci. i. 12 The adjustment of the calendar was a subject which received much attention. 1913 R. B. Faulkner Tonsils & Voice ix. 202 The walls of the pharynx are permeated by a network of muscles, susceptible of numerous adjustments and re-adjustments in size and shape. 1971 Nature 11 June 345/1 An adjustment will be made to all GMT time signal emissions on January 1, 1972. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xv. 510 It is impossible to obtain exact definition of objects at varied distances without adjustment of the lens focus. 2002 F. Broughton & B. Brewster How to DJ (Properly) 59 Even the best DJ has to make small adjustments during the mix, when the dancefloor can hear both records. b. The fact, state, or condition of being adjusted. In early use also: a settlement, an agreement. Also in in adjustment. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > state of being put in proper order adjustment1674 the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] accordc1275 assentc1400 agreement1427 appointment?1440 agreec1475 condition1483 covin1489 agreeance1525 concluding1530 compaction1534 indenture1540 conjurea1547 obsignation?1555 conclusion1569 engage1589 astipulation1595 adstipulation1598 agreation1598 tractation1600 closing1606 dispatch1612 combinationa1616 engagement1617 closure1647 covenantinga1649 adjustment1674 1674 J. Evelyn Navigation & Commerce 113 What interruptions happen'd, upon our Neighbours desires of coming to an adjustment for the Indulgences they had found, is universally known. 1689 London Gaz. mmcccclxv/3 The Business of Holstein was in a very fair way to an Adjustment. 1713 G. Berkeley in Guardian 11 Apr. 1/1 Say if there be not a Connexion, an Adjustment, an exact and constant Order discoverable in all the Parts of it. 1798 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1834) I. 5 A regular mode of bringing to an amicable adjustment..any questions which might hereafter arise. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. ii. 33 To ascertain that they [sc. balances] really are in adjustment..; and that after vibrating freely they take a horizontal position. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. iii. iii. 321 The prices obtained for the produce..cause everything to be in a state of perfect adjustment. 1903 J. London Call of Wild vii. 208 Every part, brain and body,..was keyed to the most exquisite pitch; and between all the parts there was a perfect equilibrium or adjustment. 1945 C. E. Balleisen Princ. Firearms ix. 95 A single erecting prism will remain in adjustment with more certainty than will a set of cemented erecting lenses. 2005 M. Joseph Collector Car Restoration Bible xv. 217/2 There is a rumor abroad..that if a pinion gear has its outer edge brought exactly flush with the inner edge of its ring gear, it will be in adjustment. c. Something which is capable of being adjusted; a means by which something may be adjusted; a control. Cf. adjuster n.idling, shutter-adjustment, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > [noun] > adjustment for accuracy or smooth operation > that which modulatora1527 adjustment1793 adjustor1854 1793 F. Wollaston in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 83 138 The adjustments of the Ys are both of them at the same end of the axis, opposite to the divided circle and the microscopes. 1850 Brit. Farmer's Mag. 18 110/2 The mechanical adjustments for generating the fumes..were incomplete. 1873 G. F. Rodwell Dict. Sci. at Spectroscope The slit is furnished with delicate screw adjustments. 1909 Signal Engin. Apr. 484/2 The head rod..is ordinarily fitted with an adjustment at both connections with the switch points, and rod No. 2 has but one adjustment. 1934 R. M. Fanstone Mod. Miniature Cameras ii. 7 This camera has automatic focussing by means of a range finder coupled to the focussing adjustment of the lens. 1976 Pop. Mech. Dec. 46/1 Push down the slide adjustment with your thumb and you're ready to twist. 2000 N. Vick Fishing on Ice i. 13 The wrists should have Velcro adjustments to keep the snow out. 2. Insurance. The assessment of a claim, liability, loss, etc.; a settlement or agreement relating to this. Cf. adjust v.2 1d. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > promise of payment adjustment1659 1659 Mercurius Politicus 24 Feb.–3 Mar. 269 Yesterday the said Resident signed the Adjustment of the sum, with the Deputies of the States Generall. 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 90 At London it is a Custom with the Insurance Companies, in eight Days from the Adjustment of the Loss to pay 98 per Cent. deducting half per Cent. for prompt Payment. 1781 J. Weskett Compl. Digest Theory, Laws, & Pract. Insurance 9 An underwriter cannot be held to bail on an action upon a policy of insurance, unless he has signed an adjustment, or promise to pay the loss, average, &c. 1848 J. Arnould Law Marine Insurance I. i. v. 110 The policy, thus endorsed, is taken round to each of the underwriters, who signs his initials under such indorsment. This is called the adjustment of the policy. 1848 J. Arnould Law Marine Insurance II. iii. iv. 878 The ascertainment of the damage done and of the sums to be paid in contribution by the parties or their underwriters, is called the adjustment of general average. 1876 C. Walford Insurance Cycl. IV. 244 The insurers in England are not obliged to approve of all adjustments made in other countries. 1912 25th Ann. Rep. Interstate Commerce Comm. 66 The practice of presenting claims to the carriers in this way is intended to secure not only an early adjustment, but also to avoid the expense of litigation to both parties. 1962 R. H. Brown Dict. Marine Insurance Terms 194 The practice of the insurer with regard to waiving ‘new for old’ deductions does not affect the allowances made in a general average adjustment. 2005 R. A. J. Roberts Insurance of Crops in Developing Countries 71 Loss adjustment is carried out by the appointed loss adjuster. 3. The action or process of settling, balancing, or auditing an account or financial record. Cf. adjust v.2 1c. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > [noun] > balancing of accounts > balancing by adjustment adjustment1690 reconciliation1895 1690 S. Pepys Mem. Royal Navy 149 As fast as by the Coming in of Ships, and adjustment of Accounts, the same [debt] could be brought into a Capacity of being paid. 1773 7th Rep. Comm. Secrecy State E. India Co. in Rep. Comm. House of Commons (1804) IV. 350/1 All Compound Interest arising from an intermediate Adjustment of Accounts, to be deemed unlawful and prohibited. 1835 J. Byrne Let. 26 Apr. in W. Anderson Pract. Mercantile Corr. 137 The papers and documents relating to her unfortunate average have been transmitted to me, and are now in the hands of an accountant at Lloyd's for adjustment. 1858 F. C. Krepp Statist. Book-keeping 179 A monthly adjustment of accounts, and an irregular rotation of Auditors. 1902 Book-keeper June 107/1 A having drawn out $10000 before the adjustment, when he was only entitled to draw his capital. 1944 W. T. Cresswell in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder xv. 421/1 These amounts are called retention money; they are paid in full on the final certificate and serve to insure that final adjustment of accounts may be made before final payment. 2005 Accounting Historians Jrnl. Dec. 22 The professional examinations tested candidates in book-keeping and accounts; auditing; the adjustment of partnership and executorship accounts; [etc.]. 4. Adaptation to something, esp. a new or different environment; spec. (chiefly Psychology) emotional, cognitive, or behavioural adaptation to an environment or situation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > adaptation to environment self-adjustment1813 adjustment1855 personality dynamics1939 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. vi. 554 Memory..exhibits relations in consciousness which..do not include any active adjustment of the organism to its environment. 1874 J. Fiske Outl. Cosmic Philos. II. ii. xiv. 88 Life, physical and psychical, is the continuous adjustment of inner to outer relations. 1881 St. G. Mivart in Nature No. 614. 326 Of all the races of men they are the mightiest and most noble who are, or by self-adjustment can become, most fit for all the new conditions of existence in which by various changes they may be placed. 1912 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Sel. Papers on Hysteria (ed. 2) i. 8 Those psychic traumas which are not rectified by reaction are also prevented from adjustment by associative elaboration. 1922 F. Pierce Our Unconscious Mind vi. 186 Their adjustment to the idea was not an inherent resistance but a lack of habit-model. 1957 P. Halmos Towards Meas. of Man ii. 40 Modern psychologists and psychiatrists distinguish two major stages in the process of adjustment. The instinctual development of the infant..and the treatment he receives from his environment..combine in a primary process of adjustment... A secondary process of adjustment..goes on from about the fifth year of life till its end. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Jan. 29/2 Three of them emerge to face life again; the fourth..refuses to make the effort of adjustment. 1977 J. H. Randall Philos. after Darwin xi. 264 When so achieved, adjustment, like any other experience, including extreme maladjustment, can receive expression in religious activities, practices, and techniques. 2002 Jrnl. Pediatric Psychol. 27 594/1 ‘Social functioning’ can be considered as a catchall description encompassing children's peer relations, social competence, and social-emotional adjustment. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 2), as adjustment award, adjustment committee, adjustment levy, adjustment method, adjustment period, etc. ΚΠ 1850 Oberlin Evangelist 8 May 78/3 A compromise and adjustment committee of thirteen has been appointed in the Senate. 1894 Proc. 25th Ann. Meeting Fire Underwriters' Assoc. of Northwest 146 This custom,..has contributed in no small measure to discredit adjustment methods. 1903 28th Ann. Rep. Public Wks. Loan Board 1902–3 App. 139 (table) in Parl. Papers (H.C. 233) XVIII. 149 To pay Adjustment Award. 1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 251 The Adjustment Committee—the umpires of the Military Areas. 1920 Act 10 Geo. V c. 4 §2 The amount so payable is in this Act referred to as adjustment levy. 1999 Gloss. Insurance Policy Terms (Organization Econ. Co-operation & Devel.) 77 The ceding insurer pays a lump-sum premium, occasionally with a premium adjustment clause. 2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies xv. 476 We identified three stages in rosette formation: lineup, backup, and an adjustment period. C2. adjustment centre n. U.S. a part of a prison reserved for the solitary confinement of prisoners. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > ward or division of prison > solitary confinement adjustment centre1955 1955 Proc. Congr. Amer. Correctional Assoc. 85 147 The term Adjustment Center has been introduced in the nomenclature of the prison system..to describe a facility with positive and constructive treatment objectives..quite the opposite of what..is designated..‘The Hole’, ‘The Shelf’, ‘Siberia’. 1987 A. H. Vachss Strega xlviii. 145 They put me in the hole... Guys spend fucking years in the hole. Only they call it the ‘Adjustment Center’. 2001 J. T. Hallinan Going up River vi. 79 Solitary confinement cells were no longer to be called ‘holes’... Instead they were to be called ‘adjustment centers’. adjustment disorder n. Psychology a disorder considered to be a maladaptive reaction to a recent, specific stressful event or situation, accompanied by various mental and physical symptoms that often include anxiety or depression. ΚΠ 1955 M. R. de Veer Success & Failure in Industry i. 5 We have to give a definition of what is meant by adjustment disorder. This is a mental state in which the individual is not in proper balance with his environment, i.e. the objects and persons with whom he enters into relation. 1991 Lancet 9 Mar. 586/2 The most prevalent psychiatric conditions, anxiety and depression, have been separated into adjustment disorders, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, major depressive episode, and dysthymic disorder. 2007 New Scientist 30 June 5/2 A 2005 study in which actors claiming to be suffering from ‘adjustment disorder’..visited doctors and asked for an antidepressant they said they had seen in a television advert. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1644 |
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