scurvyn.

Brit.

/ˈskəːvi/, U.S.

/ˈskərvi/

Forms: α. 1500s skurvie, 1500s–1600s scurvie, 1600s skirvye, 1600s–1700s scurvey, 1500s– scurvy; β. 1500s scurby, skyrby, scorbie, 1600s scorby.

Etymology: Substantive use of scurvy adj. (compare scurvy disease under scurvy adj. 1a); the specific sense was determined by the use of the word to render the like-sounding French scorbut , Middle Low German schorbûk , etc. (see scorbute n.), and the β forms above proceed from assimilation of the native to the foreign word. See also scruby n.

a. A disease characterized by general debility of the body, extreme tenderness of the gums, foul breath, subcutaneous eruptions and pains in the limbs, induced by exposure and by a too liberal diet of salted foods; scorbutus n. Now recognized as due to insufficient ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet. Formerly used more vaguely, including what is now distinguished as purpura n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered nutrition > [noun] > vitamin deficiency > scurvy

scurviness1548

scurvy1586

scorbute1597

scorbuch1598

scorbuticism1665

scorbutica1680

sea-scurvy1748

land-scurvy1790

scorbutus1866

α.

1589 R. Baker in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 139 Our legs now..swolne euery ioint withall, With this disease, which, by your leaue, the Scuruie men doe call.

1620 J. Mason New-found-land in Mem. (1887) 149 A great roote grows in fresh water ponds that is good against the skiruye.

a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea (1655) iii. i. 21 They'l find work enough about home to keep us from the scurvey.

1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 35 About 30 more had the Scurvy.

1735 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer I. v. 29 Our British malady the Scurvy.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxv. 133 The scurvy had begun to show itself on board.

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 586 Scurvy is a general apyretic and non-contagious disorder.

1966 D. M. Dunlop & S. Alstead Textbk. Med. Treatm. (ed. 10) 390 Scurvy is a nutritional disease which results from prolonged subsistence on diets practically devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables.

1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. v. 10/1 Five major diseases: scurvy, beriberi, pellagra, keratomalacia and rickets, arise as a result of a dietary lack of one of the vitamins.

β. 1586 A. H. tr. J. Guillemeau Treat. Eyes (title page) A worthy treatise of the eyes &c. together with a profitable treatise of the scorbie.1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 195 The disease..which we in England call the Scuruie, and Scurby, and vpon the seas the Skyrby.1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 325 Which excellent plant, Cæsars soldiers..found to preuaile..against that plague and hurtfull disease..called Scorbutum; in English the Scuruie, and Skyrbie.

†b. plural. Attacks of this disease. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. C3 ^v Hee lyes in brine in Balist, and is lamentable sicke of the scuruyes.

1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer i. 400 Sloath-bred Scurvies.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 257 A temperate Sea-Salt, very useful in Scurvies.

1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 4 Your scurvys, and gouts.

†2. A disease of cattle. Cf. scurf n.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > other disorders of cattle

murrainc1450

gall1577

gargyse1577

sprenges1577

wisp1577

closh1587

milting1587

moltlong1587

hammer1600

mallet1600

scurvy1604

wither1648

speed1704

nostril dropping1708

bladdera1722

heartsick1725

throstling1726

striking1776

feather-cling1799

hollow-horn1805

weed1811

blood striking1815

the slows1822

toad-bit1825

coast-fever1840

horn-distemper1843

rat's tail1847

whethering1847

milk fever1860

milt-sickness1867

pearl tumour1872

actinomycosis1877

pearl disease1877

rat-tail1880

lumpy jaw1891

niatism1895

cripple1897

rumenitis1897

Rhodesian fever1903

reticulitis1905

barbone1907

contagious abortion1910

trichomoniasis1915

shipping fever1932

New Forest disease1954

bovine spongiform encephalopathy1987

BSE1987

mad cow disease1988

East Coast fever2009

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies vi. xv. 465 If the mangie or the scurvie which they call carache take any beast they were presently commaunded to bury it quicke, lest it should infect others.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

scurvy-rickets n.

ΚΠ

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 18 In infants I have known scurvy-rickets mistaken for rheumatism.

scurvy-spot n.

ΚΠ

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xiv. 163 The scurvy-spots that mottled our faces.

C2.

† scurvy-ale n. Obsolete medicated ale intended as an antidote to scurvy (cf. scurvy-grass ale n. at scurvy-grass n. Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for scurvy > plant-derived > plant-derived drinks

scurvy-grass medicine1609

scurvy-ale1618

scurvy-grass ale1661

scurvy-grass1664

lime juice1704

Botany Bay tea1728

1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage C 2 We had a sort of Ale, called Scuruy Ale.

† scurvy-weed n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > scurvy-grass

scurvy-weed1568

spoonwort1578

scurvy-grass?1587

scurvy-wort-

1568 W. Turner Herbal (rev. ed.) i. 90 I could neuer learne anye name of it, but Scurby wede, or Scurby wurt.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

† scurvy-wort n. Obsolete = scurvy-grass n.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

scurvyadj.

Brit.

/ˈskəːvi/, U.S.

/ˈskərvi/

Forms: 1500s skurvy, scurvye, skurvie, skyrvye, 1500s–1600s scurvie, 1600s scirvy, skirvie, scurvey, 1500s– scurvy.

Etymology: < scurf n.¹ (with regular change of f into v ) + -y suffix¹. Compare later scurfy adj.; also Swedish skorfvig, Low German schorfig, Dutch schurftig.

†1.

a. Covered with scurf; suffering from, or of the nature of, skin disease; scurfy, scabby. Obsolete. scurvy disease: spec. = scurvy n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > of disease: scurfy or scabby > afflicted with

reofeOE

scabbed1338

scalled1340

crustyc1400

roynishc1400

roinousc1450

leprous?1457

scurfy1483

scabby1526

scurvya1529

shurvya1529

scald1529

scally1530

escharous1543

skalfering1561

scalded1568

morphewed1598

scaldy1598

scall?1602

pearled1627

scurfed1646

scruffy1660

reefy1684

porriginous1778

lepric1855

dandruffy1858

farreous1884

peeling1893

a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 140 A sorte of foule drabbes All scuruy with scabbes.

c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Nij Joglers & pypers and scorfy wafarers.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xxi. 20 Whether he be blynde,..or is gleyd, or is skyrvye or scaulde.

1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 38^v She healed of her scuruie desease very well.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Le mal Saint-Mein, the Scuruie disease.

1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 60 The bran of Wheate..rubbed vpon them that be scuruie and mangie, easeth the partie very much.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. lxxviii. 351 This medicine is well approued to cure..Moully heeles, or any other sciruy scalls whatsoeuer.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 439 Contrary to the scurvy and unsightly flesh of a leper.

1739 Gen. Chirurg. Dict. at Psoriasis, in J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. A Scurvy Scabbiness in the Body.

b. transferred. Of vegetable growths: Resembling scurf, scurfy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > appearance of plant > defined by texture > [adjective] > rough, granulated, or powdery

mealy1567

miliary1760

scurvy1763

pulverulent1828

grumous1830

pulveraceous1857

pannose1866

scabrid1866

scabriusculous1866

scaberulous1870

saccharine1889

panniform1894

1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry IV. 319 The situation..should communicate to the vines a moisture which is neither bitter nor salt; for either of these will vitiate the taste of the wine, and give a scurvy rough coat to every plant that grows on such land.

1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 42 A ring of scurvy and diseased matter.

a. figurative. Sorry, worthless, contemptible. Said both of persons and things. Cf. scabbed adj. 2. Also of treatment, etc.: shabby, discourteous. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > wretchedness > [adjective]

unledeeOE

sorryOE

evila1131

usellc1175

wanlichec1275

bad1276

sorry1372

meana1375

caitiff1393

loddera1400

woefula1400

foulc1400

wretched1450

meschant?1473

unselc1480

peevisha1522

miser1542

scurvy?1577

forlorn1582

villainous1582

measled1596

lamented1611

thrallfula1618

despicable1635

deplorable1642

so-and-so1656

poorish1657

squalida1660

lamentable1676

mesquina1706

shan1714

execrable1738

quisby1807

hole in the wall1822

measly1847

bum1878

shag-bag1888

snidey1890

pathetic1900

?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 131 Looke that thou flee and eschewe this scabbed and scuruie companye (of Dauncers).

1587 W. Baldwin et al. in J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) iii. Wolsey ii Ambitious minde, a world of wealth would haue, So scrats and scrapes, for scorfe, and scoruy drosse.

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. F2 Ist not a scuruie iest, that a man should iest himselfe to death.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 144 The Moore's abus'd by some outragious knaue: Some base notorious knaue, some scuruy fellow.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 107 He reporteth..that the scuruy Ile of Manne, is so abundant in Oates, Barley, and Wheate, that it supplieth the defects of Scotland.

1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 19 Nov. (1948) I. 99 Steele and I sat among some scurvy company over a bowl of punch.

1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 9 Jan. (1948) I. 161 We only had a scurvy dinner at an alehouse.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxx. 258 The musick of a scurvy organ and a few other instruments.

1823 W. Scott Peveril IV. viii^*. 192 Take your hand from my cloak, my Lord Duke..I have a scurvy touch of old puritanical humour about me. I abide not the imposition of hands.

1876 J. S. Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 113 The bare brae seems clad in mockery, With one thin belt of lean, and scurvy trees.

1902 G. Brenan House of Percy II. ii. 83 Scant preferment and scurvy friendship..the Earl received.

†b. quasi-adv.

ΚΠ

1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy iii. ii. sig. G2^v How scuruy prowd he would looke when the Treasury was full.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	scurvy
释义	scurvyn. Brit. /ˈskəːvi/, U.S. /ˈskərvi/ Forms: α. 1500s skurvie, 1500s–1600s scurvie, 1600s skirvye, 1600s–1700s scurvey, 1500s– scurvy; β. 1500s scurby, skyrby, scorbie, 1600s scorby. Etymology: Substantive use of scurvy adj. (compare scurvy disease under scurvy adj. 1a); the specific sense was determined by the use of the word to render the like-sounding French scorbut , Middle Low German schorbûk , etc. (see scorbute n.), and the β forms above proceed from assimilation of the native to the foreign word. See also scruby n. 1. a. A disease characterized by general debility of the body, extreme tenderness of the gums, foul breath, subcutaneous eruptions and pains in the limbs, induced by exposure and by a too liberal diet of salted foods; scorbutus n. Now recognized as due to insufficient ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet. Formerly used more vaguely, including what is now distinguished as purpura n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered nutrition > [noun] > vitamin deficiency > scurvy scurviness1548 scurvy1586 scorbute1597 scorbuch1598 scorbuticism1665 scorbutica1680 sea-scurvy1748 land-scurvy1790 scorbutus1866 α. 1589 R. Baker in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 139 Our legs now..swolne euery ioint withall, With this disease, which, by your leaue, the Scuruie men doe call. 1620 J. Mason New-found-land in Mem. (1887) 149 A great roote grows in fresh water ponds that is good against the skiruye. a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea (1655) iii. i. 21 They'l find work enough about home to keep us from the scurvey. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 35 About 30 more had the Scurvy. 1735 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer I. v. 29 Our British malady the Scurvy. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxv. 133 The scurvy had begun to show itself on board. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 586 Scurvy is a general apyretic and non-contagious disorder. 1966 D. M. Dunlop & S. Alstead Textbk. Med. Treatm. (ed. 10) 390 Scurvy is a nutritional disease which results from prolonged subsistence on diets practically devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables. 1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. v. 10/1 Five major diseases: scurvy, beriberi, pellagra, keratomalacia and rickets, arise as a result of a dietary lack of one of the vitamins. β. 1586 A. H. tr. J. Guillemeau Treat. Eyes (title page) A worthy treatise of the eyes &c. together with a profitable treatise of the scorbie.1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 195 The disease..which we in England call the Scuruie, and Scurby, and vpon the seas the Skyrby.1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 325 Which excellent plant, Cæsars soldiers..found to preuaile..against that plague and hurtfull disease..called Scorbutum; in English the Scuruie, and Skyrbie. †b. plural. Attacks of this disease. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. C3 ^v Hee lyes in brine in Balist, and is lamentable sicke of the scuruyes. 1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer i. 400 Sloath-bred Scurvies. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 257 A temperate Sea-Salt, very useful in Scurvies. 1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 4 Your scurvys, and gouts. †2. A disease of cattle. Cf. scurf n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > other disorders of cattle murrainc1450 gall1577 gargyse1577 sprenges1577 wisp1577 closh1587 milting1587 moltlong1587 hammer1600 mallet1600 scurvy1604 wither1648 speed1704 nostril dropping1708 bladdera1722 heartsick1725 throstling1726 striking1776 feather-cling1799 hollow-horn1805 weed1811 blood striking1815 the slows1822 toad-bit1825 coast-fever1840 horn-distemper1843 rat's tail1847 whethering1847 milk fever1860 milt-sickness1867 pearl tumour1872 actinomycosis1877 pearl disease1877 rat-tail1880 lumpy jaw1891 niatism1895 cripple1897 rumenitis1897 Rhodesian fever1903 reticulitis1905 barbone1907 contagious abortion1910 trichomoniasis1915 shipping fever1932 New Forest disease1954 bovine spongiform encephalopathy1987 BSE1987 mad cow disease1988 East Coast fever2009 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies vi. xv. 465 If the mangie or the scurvie which they call carache take any beast they were presently commaunded to bury it quicke, lest it should infect others. Compounds C1. General attributive. scurvy-rickets n. ΚΠ 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 18 In infants I have known scurvy-rickets mistaken for rheumatism. scurvy-spot n. ΚΠ 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xiv. 163 The scurvy-spots that mottled our faces. C2. † scurvy-ale n. Obsolete medicated ale intended as an antidote to scurvy (cf. scurvy-grass ale n. at scurvy-grass n. Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for scurvy > plant-derived > plant-derived drinks scurvy-grass medicine1609 scurvy-ale1618 scurvy-grass ale1661 scurvy-grass1664 lime juice1704 Botany Bay tea1728 1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage C 2 We had a sort of Ale, called Scuruy Ale. † scurvy-weed n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > scurvy-grass scurvy-weed1568 spoonwort1578 scurvy-grass?1587 scurvy-wort- 1568 W. Turner Herbal (rev. ed.) i. 90 I could neuer learne anye name of it, but Scurby wede, or Scurby wurt. Thesaurus » Categories » † scurvy-wort n. Obsolete = scurvy-grass n. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). scurvyadj. Brit. /ˈskəːvi/, U.S. /ˈskərvi/ Forms: 1500s skurvy, scurvye, skurvie, skyrvye, 1500s–1600s scurvie, 1600s scirvy, skirvie, scurvey, 1500s– scurvy. Etymology: < scurf n.¹ (with regular change of f into v ) + -y suffix¹. Compare later scurfy adj.; also Swedish skorfvig, Low German schorfig, Dutch schurftig. †1. a. Covered with scurf; suffering from, or of the nature of, skin disease; scurfy, scabby. Obsolete. scurvy disease: spec. = scurvy n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > of disease: scurfy or scabby > afflicted with reofeOE scabbed1338 scalled1340 crustyc1400 roynishc1400 roinousc1450 leprous?1457 scurfy1483 scabby1526 scurvya1529 shurvya1529 scald1529 scally1530 escharous1543 skalfering1561 scalded1568 morphewed1598 scaldy1598 scall?1602 pearled1627 scurfed1646 scruffy1660 reefy1684 porriginous1778 lepric1855 dandruffy1858 farreous1884 peeling1893 a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 140 A sorte of foule drabbes All scuruy with scabbes. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Nij Joglers & pypers and scorfy wafarers. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xxi. 20 Whether he be blynde,..or is gleyd, or is skyrvye or scaulde. 1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 38^v She healed of her scuruie desease very well. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Le mal Saint-Mein, the Scuruie disease. 1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 60 The bran of Wheate..rubbed vpon them that be scuruie and mangie, easeth the partie very much. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. lxxviii. 351 This medicine is well approued to cure..Moully heeles, or any other sciruy scalls whatsoeuer. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 439 Contrary to the scurvy and unsightly flesh of a leper. 1739 Gen. Chirurg. Dict. at Psoriasis, in J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. A Scurvy Scabbiness in the Body. b. transferred. Of vegetable growths: Resembling scurf, scurfy. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > appearance of plant > defined by texture > [adjective] > rough, granulated, or powdery mealy1567 miliary1760 scurvy1763 pulverulent1828 grumous1830 pulveraceous1857 pannose1866 scabrid1866 scabriusculous1866 scaberulous1870 saccharine1889 panniform1894 1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry IV. 319 The situation..should communicate to the vines a moisture which is neither bitter nor salt; for either of these will vitiate the taste of the wine, and give a scurvy rough coat to every plant that grows on such land. 1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 42 A ring of scurvy and diseased matter. 2. a. figurative. Sorry, worthless, contemptible. Said both of persons and things. Cf. scabbed adj. 2. Also of treatment, etc.: shabby, discourteous. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > wretchedness > [adjective] unledeeOE sorryOE evila1131 usellc1175 wanlichec1275 bad1276 sorry1372 meana1375 caitiff1393 loddera1400 woefula1400 foulc1400 wretched1450 meschant?1473 unselc1480 peevisha1522 miser1542 scurvy?1577 forlorn1582 villainous1582 measled1596 lamented1611 thrallfula1618 despicable1635 deplorable1642 so-and-so1656 poorish1657 squalida1660 lamentable1676 mesquina1706 shan1714 execrable1738 quisby1807 hole in the wall1822 measly1847 bum1878 shag-bag1888 snidey1890 pathetic1900 ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 131 Looke that thou flee and eschewe this scabbed and scuruie companye (of Dauncers). 1587 W. Baldwin et al. in J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) iii. Wolsey ii Ambitious minde, a world of wealth would haue, So scrats and scrapes, for scorfe, and scoruy drosse. 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. F2 Ist not a scuruie iest, that a man should iest himselfe to death. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 144 The Moore's abus'd by some outragious knaue: Some base notorious knaue, some scuruy fellow. View more context for this quotation 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 107 He reporteth..that the scuruy Ile of Manne, is so abundant in Oates, Barley, and Wheate, that it supplieth the defects of Scotland. 1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 19 Nov. (1948) I. 99 Steele and I sat among some scurvy company over a bowl of punch. 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 9 Jan. (1948) I. 161 We only had a scurvy dinner at an alehouse. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxx. 258 The musick of a scurvy organ and a few other instruments. 1823 W. Scott Peveril IV. viii^. 192 Take your hand from my cloak, my Lord Duke..I have a scurvy touch of old puritanical humour about me. I abide not the imposition of hands. 1876 J. S. Blackie Songs Relig. & Life* 113 The bare brae seems clad in mockery, With one thin belt of lean, and scurvy trees. 1902 G. Brenan House of Percy II. ii. 83 Scant preferment and scurvy friendship..the Earl received. †b. quasi-adv. ΚΠ 1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy iii. ii. sig. G2^v How scuruy prowd he would looke when the Treasury was full. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1568adj.a1529
随便看	stilly stillyard stilo novo stilo vetere stilp stilpnomelane stilpnosiderite stilt stilt heel stilt prolegs stilt sandpiper stilt stormy petrel stilt-bird stilt-bond stilt-bug stilt-heeled stilt-legged stilt-like stilt-maker stilt-man stilt-petrel stilt-plover stilt-root stilt-rooted stilt-shank