scurfn.¹

Brit.

/skəːf/, U.S.

/skərf/

Forms: Middle English scorf, Middle English, 1600s skurf, Middle English–1600s scurfe, 1500s scorfe, skorfe, skurffe, 1500s–1600s scurff(e, skurfe, Old English, Middle English, 1500s– scurf. See also scruff n.¹, shruff n.¹

Etymology: Late Old English scurf ? masculine, a later form, probably due to Scandinavian influence (compare Old Swedish skorver , accusative skorff , skurff , modern Swedish skorv , Danish skurv , modern Icelandic skurfur plural) of Old English sceorf (also scruf : see scruff n.¹), corresponding to Middle Low German, Low German schorf, Middle Dutch schorf(t, schurf(t, Dutch schurft (feminine), Old High German scorf (Middle High German, modern German schorf masculine) < Germanic *skurƀo-, *skurfo-, probably from the root represented in Old English sceorfan strong verb, to gnaw, scearfian to cut into shreds (= Old High German scarbôn).

†1.

a. A morbid condition of the skin, esp. of the head, characterized by the separation of branny scales, without inflammation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease

scurfc1000

scabc1250

scallc1374

lepraa1398

morphoeaa1398

scalledness1398

morphewa1400

scabiesc1400

scale14..

scruff14..

shellsc1400

rove?c1450

scabnessc1450

scabbedness1483

scaldness1527

scurfinessa1529

scaledness1530

dandruff1545

skalfering1561

bran1574

room1578

reefa1585

scabbiness1584

scald1598

skilfers1599

scabiosity1608

scalliness1610

scaliness1611

furfur1621

morph1681

pityriasis1684

psoriasis1684

porrigo1706

scaly tetter1799

motley dandruff1822

scale-skin1822

parapsoriasis1903

dander-

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 316 Wið scruf [v.r. scurf] & wið sceb.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vii. iii. 223 Ofte thyse scales cleue to the rotes of the heere, vnnethe suche skalles other scorf is heelyd.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11823 Wit þe crache him tok þe scurf, þe fester thrild his bodi thurgh.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4140 All þe bolnyng went away, And þe scurfe with in a day.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiii I am lowsy and vnlykynge and full of scurffe.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piv^v/1 Scurfe, itch, prurigo.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 681 They which drink or eat sow milk fal into scurffes and Leprosies.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 25 The gall helpeth the leprosy and scurfe.

†b. A similar condition in animals. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of animals generally > [noun] > skin diseases

scabc1386

roinc1400

mangea1425

manginessa1425

scurfc1440

hot spot1967

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 138 And ouer yeer they wol been in good poynte Withouten scorf or scalle in cors or ioynte.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxv^v There is a dysease among horses is called the scab: and it is a scorfe in dyuers places of his body.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 28 The vrine with the owne dung,..taketh away the scurffe of Oxen.

a. The scales or small laminæ of epidermis that are continually being detached from the skin; esp. such scales detached in abnormally large quantity as a consequence of disease, or forming accumulations at the roots of the hair or elsewhere. †Formerly also, a single scale or lamina of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [noun] > specific layers > detached scale

scurfa1000

flake1802

the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [noun] > specific layers > detached scale > collective

scruff1526

scurf1540

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease > scale or scab

scabc1250

scale14..

scurf1540

incrustation1656

slurf1674

scruff1710

squama1876

squame1911

a1000 Bede's Eccl. Hist. v. ii. (MS. B.) Se..swa micle hreofle & scurf [v.rr. scyrf, sceorfe; L. furfures] on his heafde hæfde, ðæt him næfre ænig feax on ufan ðam heafde acenned beon meahte.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 451/1 Scurf, of scabbys, squama, squamula.

1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 326/1 Of kyrnellys & botches of his face & of scurffys there ranne grete plenty of blood.

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus Prol. sig. Biij^v By whiche their so doing, they clawe of their owne skabbe, i. their new gathered skurfe, therby makynge their skynne rawe agayne.

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 7 The flowers sodden in lee, and the head washed therewith, taketh away the skurfe..thereof.

1786 J. Hunter Treat. Venereal Dis. vi. ii. 318 It broke out after in venereal scurfs, upon the skin.

1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. viii. 260 The bather is scrubbed by the men of the bath, till every particle of dirt or scurf is cleared off his skin.

1869 A. C. Swinburne in S. T. Coleridge Christabel Introd. p. xviii His bones foul with leprous scurf and green corruption of the grave.

b. transferred in Botany. Minute scales found on the leaves of certain plants.

ΚΠ

1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) 63.

1857 A. Gray First Lessons Bot. (1866) Gloss.

a. Any incrustation upon the surface of a body; rust, †a scab (obsolete); a saline or sulphurous deposit, mould, or the like. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound > scab

crust1398

roinc1400

scabc1400

scurfc1440

rovea1500

rig-ruff1611

incrustation1656

scud1825

crusta1842

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation

foulnessOE

scurfc1440

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation > on metal

scurfc1440

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 451/1 Scurfe, of metel, scorium.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Crusta,..the scurfe of a scabbe or wounde [? read (with ed. 1548) the scurfe or scabbe of a wounde].

1581 W. Stafford Compend. Exam. Complaints (1876) ii. 59 Then there is no rust nor scurfe that diminisheth the goodnes or wasteth the substaunce of Gold.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. 58 The waters..had left a tinctured spangled skurfe, that made many bare places seeme as guilded.

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 135 Growing Trees..that have been long expos'd to the Air and Rain, will be all over cover'd with a greenish scurff.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 672 There stood a Hill not far whose griesly top Belch'd fire and rowling smoak; the rest entire Shon with a glossie scurff, undoubted sign That in his womb was hid metallic Ore, The work of Sulphur.

1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 410 The bottom of the great crater, which was before an indurated scurf of bitumen and sulphur, is now full of large rents or openings.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Vision of Sin in Poems (new ed.) II. 225 By shards and scurf of salt, and scum of dross.

b. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer > a crust or incrustation

rove1510

crust?1529

scurfa1555

scruff1591

bark1601

crustiness1608

overcrusting1670

incrustation1671

illinition1794

encrustment1845

a1555 H. Latimer Let. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1315/1 I neuer denyed pilgremage. And yet I haue said that much skurfe muste be pared awaye, ere euer it can be well done, Superstition, Idolatry, [etc.]

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 30 Job was an holy man, yet such naturall scurffe the Lord saw to lurke in his spirit that he was faine..at last to wring this speech from him.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 392 Then are they happy, when by length of time The Scurf is worn away, of each committed Crime.

1854 R. W. Emerson Poetry & Imag. in Wks. (1906) III. 153 'Tis boyish in Swedenborg to cumber himself with the dead scurf of Hebrew antiquity.

c. spec. A deposit of coke on the inner surface of a gas retort.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation > on metal > scale or fur

pan-scratch1779

limescale1841

scale1875

scurf1884

scurfing1884

furring1885

birdnesting1893

1884 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 81/2 Pieces of the hard coke obtained as scurf in gas retorts are some~times employed.

†4. A thin layer of turf. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > sod

turfc725

flagc1440

clot1460

soda1475

shirrel1513

ploud1535

peat1570

clod1594

roughhead1631

pare1651

scurf1708

flaw1811

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland > types of

links1487

sward1513

machair1692

scurf1708

sweet-veld1785

stone-turf1797

sour veld1801

undergrass1838

bent-land1883

undersward1883

turf-line1935

1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 59 The first is by cutting of the Scurf of the Ground, making up the Turf so cut in heaps, and when the Sun has dryed these Heaps, they are then set on Fire.

1726 W. King in G. Boate Nat. Hist. Ireland 106 Now that swerd or scurf of the earth, that consists of the roots of grass, being lifted up and made fuzzy by the water in winter..is dried in the spring.

a. The ‘scum’ of the population. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > persons of the lowest class (collectively)

chenaille1340

offal?a1425

putaylea1425

ribaldail1489

abject1526

offscouring1526

dreg1531

outsweeping1535

braggery1548

ribaldry1550

raff1557

sink1574

cattle1579

offscum1579

rabble1579

baggagery1589

scum1590

waste1592

menialty1593

baggage1603

froth1603

refuse1603

tag-rag1609

retriment1615

trasha1616

recrement1622

silts1636

garbage1648

riffle-raffle1668

raffle1670

riff-raff1678

scurf1688

mob1693

scouring1721

ribble-rabble1771

sweeping1799

clamjamphrie1816

ragabash1823

scruff1836

residuum1851

talent1882

1688 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 143 Some of the scurf and meaner part run in to them, as they would to see a show.

1870 H. W. Longfellow tr. Dante Inferno xv. 111 Thou hadst seen there, If thou hadst had a hankering for such scurf [It. di tal tigna], That one, who by the Servant of the Servants From Arno was transferred to Bacchiglione.

b. slang. A contemptible person, esp. a miser, skinflint. Also spec., an employer who pays less than the usual rate of wages; a labourer who accepts less than the usual rate; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in contempt

thingOE

cat?c1225

geggea1300

fox-whelpc1320

creaturea1325

whelp1338

scoutc1380

turnbroach14..

foumart1508

shit1508

get?a1513

strummel?a1513

scofting?1518

pismirea1535

clinchpoop1555

rag1566

huddle and twang1578

whipster1590

slop1599

shullocka1603

tailor1607

turnspit1607

fitchewa1616

bulchin1617

trundle-taila1626

tick1631

louse1633

fart1669

insect1684

mully-grub-gurgeon1746

grub-worm1752

rass1790

foutre1794

blister1806

snot1809

skin1825

scurf1851

scut1873

Siwash1882

stiff1882

bleeder1887

blighter1896

sugar1916

vuilgoed1924

klunk1942

fart sack1943

fart-arse1946

jerkwad1980

society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun] > employer paying low wages

white slaver1843

sweater1846

grinder1851

scurf1851

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [noun] > state or quality of being contemptible > contemptible person

wormc825

wretchOE

thingOE

hinderlingc1175

harlot?c1225

mixa1300

villain1303

whelpc1330

wonnera1340

bismera1400

vilec1400

beasta1425

creaturec1450

dog bolt1465

fouling?a1475

drivel1478

shit1508

marmoset1523

mammeta1529

pilgarlica1529

pode1528

slave1537

slim1548

skit-brains?1553

grasshopper1556

scavenger1563

old boss1566

rag1566

shrub1566

ketterela1572

shake-rag1571

skybala1572

mumpsimus1573

smatchetc1582

squib1586

scabship1589

vassal1589

baboon1592

Gibraltar1593

polecat1593

mushroom1594

nodc1595

cittern-head1598

nit1598

stockfish1598

cum-twang1599

dish-wash1599

pettitoe1599

mustard-token1600

viliaco1600

cargo1602

stump1602

snotty-nose1604

sprat1605

wormling1605

brock1607

dogfly?1611

shag-rag1611

shack-rag1612

thrum1612

rabbita1616

fitchock1616

unworthy1616

baseling1618

shag1620

glow-worm1624

snip1633

the son of a worm1633

grousea1637

shab1637

wormship1648

muckworm1649

whiffler1659

prig1679

rotten egg1686

prigster1688

begged fool1693

hang-dog1693

bugger1694

reptile1697

squinny1716

snool1718

ramscallion1734

footer1748

jackass1756

hallion1789

skite1790

rattlesnake1791

snot1809

mudworm1814

skunk1816

stirrah1816

spalpeen1817

nyaff1825

skin1825

weed1825

tiger1827

beggar1834

despicability1837

squirt1844

prawn1845

shake1846

white mouse1846

scurf1851

sweep1853

cockroach1856

bummer1857

medlar1859

cunt1860

shuck1862

missing link1863

schweinhund1871

creepa1876

bum1882

trashbag1886

tinhorn1887

snot-rag1888

rodent1889

whelpling1889

pie eatera1891

mess1891

schmuck1892

fucker1893

cheapskate1894

cocksucker1894

gutter-bird1896

perisher1896

skate1896

schmendrick1897

nyamps1900

ullage1901

fink1903

onion1904

punk1904

shitepoke1905

tinhorn sport1906

streeler1907

zob1911

stink1916

motherfucker1918

Oscar1918

shitass1918

shit-face1923

tripe-hound1923

gimp1924

garbage can1925

twerp1925

jughead1926

mong1926

fuck?1927

arsehole1928

dirty dog1928

gazook1928

muzzler1928

roach1929

shite1929

mook1930

lug1931

slug1931

woodchuck1931

crud1932

dip1932

bohunkus1933

lint-head1933

Nimrod1933

warb1933

fuck-piga1935

owl-hoot1934

pissant1935

poot1935

shmegegge1937

motheree1938

motorcycle1938

squiff1939

pendejo1940

snotnose1941

jerkface1942

slag1943

yuck1943

fuckface?1945

fuckhead?1945

shit-head1945

shite-hawk1948

schlub1950

asswipe1953

mother1955

weenie1956

hard-on1958

rass hole1959

schmucko1959

bitch ass1961

effer1961

lamer1961

arsewipe1962

asshole1962

butthole1962

cock1962

dipshit1963

motherfuck1964

dork1965

bumhole1967

mofo1967

tosspot1967

crudball1968

dipstick1968

douche1968

frickface1968

schlong1968

fuckwit1969

rassclaat1969

ass1970

wank1970

fecker1971

wanker1971

butt-fucker1972

slimeball1972

bloodclaat1973

fuckwad1974

mutha1974

suck1974

cocksuck1977

tosser1977

plank1981

sleazebag1981

spastic1981

dweeb1982

bumboclaat1983

dickwad1983

scuzzbag1983

sleazeball1983

butt-face1984

dickweed1984

saddie1985

butt plug1986

jerkweed1988

dick-sucker1989

microcephalic1989

wankstain1990

sadster1992

buttmunch1993

fanny1995

jackhole1996

fassyhole1997

fannybaws2000

fassy2002

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > employee > who works for lower rate

rat1824

scurf1851

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 208/2 The inferior paying class..are..known among their work-people as ‘scurfs’.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 236/2 Let me now speak of the Scurf labourers.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 236/2 A scavager, working for a scurf master, gave me the following account.

1854 Househ. Words 8 75 A low person is a snob, a sweep, and a scurf.

1889 A. T. Pask Eyes of Thames 39 The crowd of loafers on the quay. These are the ‘scurfs’ or ‘ufflers’ who hang about for any odd jobs.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	scurf
释义	scurfn.¹ Brit. /skəːf/, U.S. /skərf/ Forms: Middle English scorf, Middle English, 1600s skurf, Middle English–1600s scurfe, 1500s scorfe, skorfe, skurffe, 1500s–1600s scurff(e, skurfe, Old English, Middle English, 1500s– scurf. See also scruff n.¹, shruff n.¹ Etymology: Late Old English scurf ? masculine, a later form, probably due to Scandinavian influence (compare Old Swedish skorver , accusative skorff , skurff , modern Swedish skorv , Danish skurv , modern Icelandic skurfur plural) of Old English sceorf (also scruf : see scruff n.¹), corresponding to Middle Low German, Low German schorf, Middle Dutch schorf(t, schurf(t, Dutch schurft (feminine), Old High German scorf (Middle High German, modern German schorf masculine) < Germanic skurƀo-, skurfo-, probably from the root represented in Old English sceorfan strong verb, to gnaw, scearfian to cut into shreds (= Old High German scarbôn). †1. a. A morbid condition of the skin, esp. of the head, characterized by the separation of branny scales, without inflammation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease scurfc1000 scabc1250 scallc1374 lepraa1398 morphoeaa1398 scalledness1398 morphewa1400 scabiesc1400 scale14.. scruff14.. shellsc1400 rove?c1450 scabnessc1450 scabbedness1483 scaldness1527 scurfinessa1529 scaledness1530 dandruff1545 skalfering1561 bran1574 room1578 reefa1585 scabbiness1584 scald1598 skilfers1599 scabiosity1608 scalliness1610 scaliness1611 furfur1621 morph1681 pityriasis1684 psoriasis1684 porrigo1706 scaly tetter1799 motley dandruff1822 scale-skin1822 parapsoriasis1903 dander- c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 316 Wið scruf [v.r. scurf] & wið sceb. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vii. iii. 223 Ofte thyse scales cleue to the rotes of the heere, vnnethe suche skalles other scorf is heelyd. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11823 Wit þe crache him tok þe scurf, þe fester thrild his bodi thurgh. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4140 All þe bolnyng went away, And þe scurfe with in a day. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiii I am lowsy and vnlykynge and full of scurffe. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piv^v/1 Scurfe, itch, prurigo. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 681 They which drink or eat sow milk fal into scurffes and Leprosies. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 25 The gall helpeth the leprosy and scurfe. †b. A similar condition in animals. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of animals generally > [noun] > skin diseases scabc1386 roinc1400 mangea1425 manginessa1425 scurfc1440 hot spot1967 c1440 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 138 And ouer yeer they wol been in good poynte Withouten scorf or scalle in cors or ioynte. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxv^v There is a dysease among horses is called the scab: and it is a scorfe in dyuers places of his body. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 28 The vrine with the owne dung,..taketh away the scurffe of Oxen. 2. a. The scales or small laminæ of epidermis that are continually being detached from the skin; esp. such scales detached in abnormally large quantity as a consequence of disease, or forming accumulations at the roots of the hair or elsewhere. †Formerly also, a single scale or lamina of this kind. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [noun] > specific layers > detached scale scurfa1000 flake1802 the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [noun] > specific layers > detached scale > collective scruff1526 scurf1540 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > scurfy or scabby state or disease > scale or scab scabc1250 scale14.. scurf1540 incrustation1656 slurf1674 scruff1710 squama1876 squame1911 a1000 Bede's Eccl. Hist. v. ii. (MS. B.) Se..swa micle hreofle & scurf [v.rr. scyrf, sceorfe; L. furfures] on his heafde hæfde, ðæt him næfre ænig feax on ufan ðam heafde acenned beon meahte. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 451/1 Scurf, of scabbys, squama, squamula. 1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 326/1 Of kyrnellys & botches of his face & of scurffys there ranne grete plenty of blood. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus Prol. sig. Biij^v By whiche their so doing, they clawe of their owne skabbe, i. their new gathered skurfe, therby makynge their skynne rawe agayne. 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 7 The flowers sodden in lee, and the head washed therewith, taketh away the skurfe..thereof. 1786 J. Hunter Treat. Venereal Dis. vi. ii. 318 It broke out after in venereal scurfs, upon the skin. 1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. viii. 260 The bather is scrubbed by the men of the bath, till every particle of dirt or scurf is cleared off his skin. 1869 A. C. Swinburne in S. T. Coleridge Christabel Introd. p. xviii His bones foul with leprous scurf and green corruption of the grave. b. transferred in Botany. Minute scales found on the leaves of certain plants. ΚΠ 1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) 63. 1857 A. Gray First Lessons Bot. (1866) Gloss. 3. a. Any incrustation upon the surface of a body; rust, †a scab (obsolete); a saline or sulphurous deposit, mould, or the like. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound > scab crust1398 roinc1400 scabc1400 scurfc1440 rovea1500 rig-ruff1611 incrustation1656 scud1825 crusta1842 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation foulnessOE scurfc1440 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation > on metal scurfc1440 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 451/1 Scurfe, of metel, scorium. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Crusta,..the scurfe of a scabbe or wounde [? read (with ed. 1548) the scurfe or scabbe of a wounde]. 1581 W. Stafford Compend. Exam. Complaints (1876) ii. 59 Then there is no rust nor scurfe that diminisheth the goodnes or wasteth the substaunce of Gold. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. 58 The waters..had left a tinctured spangled skurfe, that made many bare places seeme as guilded. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 135 Growing Trees..that have been long expos'd to the Air and Rain, will be all over cover'd with a greenish scurff. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 672 There stood a Hill not far whose griesly top Belch'd fire and rowling smoak; the rest entire Shon with a glossie scurff, undoubted sign That in his womb was hid metallic Ore, The work of Sulphur. View more context for this quotation 1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 410 The bottom of the great crater, which was before an indurated scurf of bitumen and sulphur, is now full of large rents or openings. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Vision of Sin in Poems (new ed.) II. 225 By shards and scurf of salt, and scum of dross. b. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer > a crust or incrustation rove1510 crust?1529 scurfa1555 scruff1591 bark1601 crustiness1608 overcrusting1670 incrustation1671 illinition1794 encrustment1845 a1555 H. Latimer Let. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1315/1 I neuer denyed pilgremage. And yet I haue said that much skurfe muste be pared awaye, ere euer it can be well done, Superstition, Idolatry, [etc.] 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 30 Job was an holy man, yet such naturall scurffe the Lord saw to lurke in his spirit that he was faine..at last to wring this speech from him. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 392 Then are they happy, when by length of time The Scurf is worn away, of each committed Crime. 1854 R. W. Emerson Poetry & Imag. in Wks. (1906) III. 153 'Tis boyish in Swedenborg to cumber himself with the dead scurf of Hebrew antiquity. c. spec. A deposit of coke on the inner surface of a gas retort. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation > on metal > scale or fur pan-scratch1779 limescale1841 scale1875 scurf1884 scurfing1884 furring1885 birdnesting1893 1884 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 81/2 Pieces of the hard coke obtained as scurf in gas retorts are some~times employed. †4. A thin layer of turf. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > sod turfc725 flagc1440 clot1460 soda1475 shirrel1513 ploud1535 peat1570 clod1594 roughhead1631 pare1651 scurf1708 flaw1811 the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland > types of links1487 sward1513 machair1692 scurf1708 sweet-veld1785 stone-turf1797 sour veld1801 undergrass1838 bent-land1883 undersward1883 turf-line1935 1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 59 The first is by cutting of the Scurf of the Ground, making up the Turf so cut in heaps, and when the Sun has dryed these Heaps, they are then set on Fire. 1726 W. King in G. Boate Nat. Hist. Ireland 106 Now that swerd or scurf of the earth, that consists of the roots of grass, being lifted up and made fuzzy by the water in winter..is dried in the spring. 5. a. The ‘scum’ of the population. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > persons of the lowest class (collectively) chenaille1340 offal?a1425 putaylea1425 ribaldail1489 abject1526 offscouring1526 dreg1531 outsweeping1535 braggery1548 ribaldry1550 raff1557 sink1574 cattle1579 offscum1579 rabble1579 baggagery1589 scum1590 waste1592 menialty1593 baggage1603 froth1603 refuse1603 tag-rag1609 retriment1615 trasha1616 recrement1622 silts1636 garbage1648 riffle-raffle1668 raffle1670 riff-raff1678 scurf1688 mob1693 scouring1721 ribble-rabble1771 sweeping1799 clamjamphrie1816 ragabash1823 scruff1836 residuum1851 talent1882 1688 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 143 Some of the scurf and meaner part run in to them, as they would to see a show. 1870 H. W. Longfellow tr. Dante Inferno xv. 111 Thou hadst seen there, If thou hadst had a hankering for such scurf [It. di tal tigna], That one, who by the Servant of the Servants From Arno was transferred to Bacchiglione. b. slang. A contemptible person, esp. a miser, skinflint. Also spec., an employer who pays less than the usual rate of wages; a labourer who accepts less than the usual rate; also attributive. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in contempt thingOE cat?c1225 geggea1300 fox-whelpc1320 creaturea1325 whelp1338 scoutc1380 turnbroach14.. foumart1508 shit1508 get?a1513 strummel?a1513 scofting?1518 pismirea1535 clinchpoop1555 rag1566 huddle and twang1578 whipster1590 slop1599 shullocka1603 tailor1607 turnspit1607 fitchewa1616 bulchin1617 trundle-taila1626 tick1631 louse1633 fart1669 insect1684 mully-grub-gurgeon1746 grub-worm1752 rass1790 foutre1794 blister1806 snot1809 skin1825 scurf1851 scut1873 Siwash1882 stiff1882 bleeder1887 blighter1896 sugar1916 vuilgoed1924 klunk1942 fart sack1943 fart-arse1946 jerkwad1980 society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun] > employer paying low wages white slaver1843 sweater1846 grinder1851 scurf1851 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [noun] > state or quality of being contemptible > contemptible person wormc825 wretchOE thingOE hinderlingc1175 harlot?c1225 mixa1300 villain1303 whelpc1330 wonnera1340 bismera1400 vilec1400 beasta1425 creaturec1450 dog bolt1465 fouling?a1475 drivel1478 shit1508 marmoset1523 mammeta1529 pilgarlica1529 pode1528 slave1537 slim1548 skit-brains?1553 grasshopper1556 scavenger1563 old boss1566 rag1566 shrub1566 ketterela1572 shake-rag1571 skybala1572 mumpsimus1573 smatchetc1582 squib1586 scabship1589 vassal1589 baboon1592 Gibraltar1593 polecat1593 mushroom1594 nodc1595 cittern-head1598 nit1598 stockfish1598 cum-twang1599 dish-wash1599 pettitoe1599 mustard-token1600 viliaco1600 cargo1602 stump1602 snotty-nose1604 sprat1605 wormling1605 brock1607 dogfly?1611 shag-rag1611 shack-rag1612 thrum1612 rabbita1616 fitchock1616 unworthy1616 baseling1618 shag1620 glow-worm1624 snip1633 the son of a worm1633 grousea1637 shab1637 wormship1648 muckworm1649 whiffler1659 prig1679 rotten egg1686 prigster1688 begged fool1693 hang-dog1693 bugger1694 reptile1697 squinny1716 snool1718 ramscallion1734 footer1748 jackass1756 hallion1789 skite1790 rattlesnake1791 snot1809 mudworm1814 skunk1816 stirrah1816 spalpeen1817 nyaff1825 skin1825 weed1825 tiger1827 beggar1834 despicability1837 squirt1844 prawn1845 shake1846 white mouse1846 scurf1851 sweep1853 cockroach1856 bummer1857 medlar1859 cunt1860 shuck1862 missing link1863 schweinhund1871 creepa1876 bum1882 trashbag1886 tinhorn1887 snot-rag1888 rodent1889 whelpling1889 pie eatera1891 mess1891 schmuck1892 fucker1893 cheapskate1894 cocksucker1894 gutter-bird1896 perisher1896 skate1896 schmendrick1897 nyamps1900 ullage1901 fink1903 onion1904 punk1904 shitepoke1905 tinhorn sport1906 streeler1907 zob1911 stink1916 motherfucker1918 Oscar1918 shitass1918 shit-face1923 tripe-hound1923 gimp1924 garbage can1925 twerp1925 jughead1926 mong1926 fuck?1927 arsehole1928 dirty dog1928 gazook1928 muzzler1928 roach1929 shite1929 mook1930 lug1931 slug1931 woodchuck1931 crud1932 dip1932 bohunkus1933 lint-head1933 Nimrod1933 warb1933 fuck-piga1935 owl-hoot1934 pissant1935 poot1935 shmegegge1937 motheree1938 motorcycle1938 squiff1939 pendejo1940 snotnose1941 jerkface1942 slag1943 yuck1943 fuckface?1945 fuckhead?1945 shit-head1945 shite-hawk1948 schlub1950 asswipe1953 mother1955 weenie1956 hard-on1958 rass hole1959 schmucko1959 bitch ass1961 effer1961 lamer1961 arsewipe1962 asshole1962 butthole1962 cock1962 dipshit1963 motherfuck1964 dork1965 bumhole1967 mofo1967 tosspot1967 crudball1968 dipstick1968 douche1968 frickface1968 schlong1968 fuckwit1969 rassclaat1969 ass1970 wank1970 fecker1971 wanker1971 butt-fucker1972 slimeball1972 bloodclaat1973 fuckwad1974 mutha1974 suck1974 cocksuck1977 tosser1977 plank1981 sleazebag1981 spastic1981 dweeb1982 bumboclaat1983 dickwad1983 scuzzbag1983 sleazeball1983 butt-face1984 dickweed1984 saddie1985 butt plug1986 jerkweed1988 dick-sucker1989 microcephalic1989 wankstain1990 sadster1992 buttmunch1993 fanny1995 jackhole1996 fassyhole1997 fannybaws2000 fassy2002 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > employee > who works for lower rate rat1824 scurf1851 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 208/2 The inferior paying class..are..known among their work-people as ‘scurfs’. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 236/2 Let me now speak of the Scurf labourers. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 236/2 A scavager, working for a scurf master, gave me the following account. 1854 Househ. Words 8 75 A low person is a snob, a sweep, and a scurf. 1889 A. T. Pask Eyes of Thames 39 The crowd of loafers on the quay. These are the ‘scurfs’ or ‘ufflers’ who hang about for any odd jobs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). scurfn.² Brit. /skəːf/, U.S. /skərf/ Forms: Also Middle English scurffe, 1600s scurfe, 1600s–1700s skurff, 1700s scurff; 1600s plural scurves. Etymology: Possibly identical with scurf n.¹The fuller form salmon-scurf , though not found in our quots. before the 19th cent., may be the original; for scurf in the sense of something inferior of its kind, compare scurf n.¹ 5 and scruff n.¹ The Sea-trout, Salmo eriox or S. trutta. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > trout (unspecified and miscellaneous) > salmo trutta (sea trout) salmon-trout1421 scurf1483 grey trout1557 cock1677 sea-trout1745 slob trout1849 fossack1884 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > trout (unspecified and miscellaneous) > salmo eriox (bull-trout) whitlinglOE scurf1483 sewin1532 sullayne1570 bull-trout1653 shuin1655 sea-trout1745 truff1818 grey fin1839 swallow-smolt1847 1483 Cath. Angl. 326/2 A scurffe, quidam piscis. 1557 Turner in Gesner's Hist. Anim. iv. (1558) 1296 Accepi eundem in alijs Britanniæ prouincijs uocari a Gray trout, & in alijs a Skurf. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xix. 188 There are especially two sorts of them [sc. Bull-trouts], Red-trouts..and Gray-trouts or Skurffs. 1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling 26 The Scurf..or Salmon-Peale..differs in shape from a Salmon in not having a forked Tail. 1861 Act 24 & 25 Victoria c. 109 §4 All migratory Fish of the Genus Salmon, whether known by the Names herein-after mentioned, that is to say, Salmon..Bull Trout, Whitling, Scurf,..or by any other local Name. 1865 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands IV. 200 The Scurf, Bull Trout. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scurfv. Brit. /skəːf/, U.S. /skərf/ Etymology: < scurf n.¹ †1. transitive. To cover with a scurf or incrustation. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)] > encrust barken1513 crust1545 impaste1548 incrustate1570 befur1581 scurf1599 overcrust1603 cake1609 imbake1632 bark1633 encrusta1691 becrust1830 accrust1842 overscurf1881 1599 [implied in: A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 359/1 [A prescription] for all manner of scurfinge of the externalle skinne. (at scurfing n. 1)]. a1658 R. Lovelace To Mr. E. R. 36 So..Scurf'd all ore with its unseemly crust. The Diamond, from 'midst the humbler stones, Sparkling, shoots forth the price of Nations. 1699 T. Boston Soliloquy Art of Man-fishing (1899) 30 Many this way, by having the wound scurfed over, are rather killed than cured. 2. intransitive. To rise up in the form of scurf. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > be polluted [verb (intransitive)] > become incrusted or furred > rise as scurf scurf1862 1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner II. 168 The pure gold runs here and there to schist, the dross now and then is scurfing up upon the surface. 3. transitive. To remove by scraping; to chip off (hard deposits) from the surface of a boiler or retort. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > scraper > clean by scraping [verb (transitive)] pattle1553 scurf1839 scrape1894 1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 361/2 Scurfing castings,..1s. 0d. 1879 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. X. 92 A carbonaceous deposit forms on the sides of the retorts, which requires to be periodically removed by ‘scurfing’ with chisels. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1000n.²1483v.1599
随便看	nohost nohow nohow you could fix it nohower nohowest nohowish nohows nohowwer nohowwest nohuddle nohuddle offence noia noil noilly prat noils noint nointed nointer nointing non-classical non-classified non-clastic non-clergyable non-clerical non-clinical

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